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preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-done" class="wsprkl btn" title="Dismiss find">✘</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style"><div class="fm-sec bkr_bottom_sep"><div class="bkr_thumb"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng116er6-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence reviews for pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of PTSD in adults" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK560211_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence reviews for pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of PTSD in adults</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Post-traumatic stress disorder</div><p><b>Evidence review F</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 116</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Alliance (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2018 Dec</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3181-1</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2018.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch6.s1"><h2 id="_ch6_s1_">Pharmacological interventions for PTSD in adults</h2><p>This evidence report contains information on 2 reviews relating to the treatment of PTSD.</p><ul id="ch6.l1"><li id="ch6.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review question 4.1 For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</div></li><li id="ch6.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>Review question 4.2 For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</div></li></ul><div id="ch6.s1.1"><h3>Review question For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</h3><div id="ch6.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>PTSD is a potentially debilitating condition. Secondary prevention (intervention following exposure to a traumatic event) is an area of potential clinical and economic benefit. Pharmacological interventions may be beneficial for the secondary prevention of PTSD symptoms.</p><p>No drugs are currently licenced in the UK for the secondary prevention of PTSD. Two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), paroxetine and sertraline, are currently licenced for the treatment of PTSD in adults.</p><p>Pharmacological interventions will be considered as classes of drugs (SSRIs, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines and other drugs) and form subsections below.</p><p>Evidence for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), other antidepressant drugs, antipsychotics and anxiolytics was also searched for but none was found.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</h4><p>Please see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab1" rid-ob="figobch6tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab1" rid-ob="figobch6tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO table for review of pharmacological interventions versus comparator treatments for PTSD prevention in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO table for review of pharmacological interventions versus comparator treatments for PTSD prevention in adults. </p></div></div><p>For full details see review protocol in <a href="#ch6.appa">Appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.3"><h4>Methods and processes</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual; see the <a href="/books/NBK560211/bin/bm1.pdf">methods</a> chapter for further information.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2014 and 2018 conflicts of interests policies.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.1"><h5>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.1.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Eight studies of SSRIs for the prevention of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 8 studies, 1 RCT (N=31) was included in a single comparison for SSRIs (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref1">Suliman 2015</a>). This RCT compared escitalopram with placebo for the early prevention (intervention initiated within 1 month of traumatic event) of PTSD in adults.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.1.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Seven studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review. Reasons for exclusion included non-randomised group assignment, small sample size (N<10 per arm), or the paper was a systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract.</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.1.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab2" rid-ob="figobch6tab2">Table 2</a> provides a brief summary of the included study and evidence from this study is summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profile below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab3" rid-ob="figobch6tab3">Table 3</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab2"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab2" rid-ob="figobch6tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of included studies: SSRIs for early prevention (<1 month)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: SSRIs for early prevention (<1 month). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.1.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (SSRIs for the prevention of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab3" rid-ob="figobch6tab3">Table 3</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab3"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab3" rid-ob="figobch6tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Summary clinical evidence profile: Escitalopram versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Escitalopram versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch6.appf">Appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.2"><h5>Anticonvulsants: clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.2.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>One study of anticonvulsants for the prevention of PTSD in adults was identified for full-text review, and this 1 RCT (N=48) compared gabapentin with placebo for the early prevention (intervention initiated within 1 month of traumatic event) of PTSD in adults (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref2">Stein 2007</a>). This RCT had three arms and also compared gabapentin with propranolol (see <a href="#ch6.s1.2.7.9">other drugs</a> section below).</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.2.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>No studies on anticonvulsants were reviewed at full text and excluded.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.2.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab4" rid-ob="figobch6tab4">Table 4</a> provides a brief summary of the included study and evidence from this study is summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profile below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab5" rid-ob="figobch6tab5">Table 5</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab4"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab4" rid-ob="figobch6tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Summary of included studies: Anticonvulsants for early prevention (<1 month)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Anticonvulsants for early prevention (<1 month). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.2.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (anticonvulsants for the prevention of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab5" rid-ob="figobch6tab5">Table 5</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab5"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab5" rid-ob="figobch6tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Summary clinical evidence profile: Gabapentin versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Gabapentin versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch6.appf">Appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.3"><h5>Benzodiazepines: clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Two studies of benzodiazepines for the prevention of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 2 studies, 1 RCT (N=22) was included in a single comparison for benzodiazepines (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref3" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref3">Mellman 2002</a>). This RCT compared temazepam with placebo for the early prevention (intervention initiated within 1 month of traumatic event) of PTSD in adults.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>One study was reviewed at full text and excluded from this review because the study was unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but author confirmed that this study had never reached ‘operational stage’).</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.3.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab6" rid-ob="figobch6tab6">Table 6</a> provides a brief summary of the included study and evidence from this study is summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profile below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab7" rid-ob="figobch6tab7">Table 7</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab6"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab6" rid-ob="figobch6tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Summary of included studies: Benzodiazepines for early prevention (<1 month)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Benzodiazepines for early prevention (<1 month). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.3.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (benzodiazepines for the prevention of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab7" rid-ob="figobch6tab7">Table 7</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab7"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab7" rid-ob="figobch6tab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Table 7. Summary clinical evidence profile: Temazepam versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab7">Table 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Temazepam versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch6.appf">Appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.4"><h5>Other drugs: clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.4.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Thirty-four studies of other drugs for the prevention of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 34 studies, 6 RCTs (N=354) were included. There were 5 comparisons for other drugs. 1 RCT had 3 arms and was included in 2 comparisons.</p><p>For the early prevention (intervention initiated within 1 month of traumatic event) of PTSD in adults, there were 4 relevant comparisons: 1 RCT (N=68) compared hydrocortisone with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref4" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref4">Delahanty 2013</a>); 1 RCT (N=120) compared oxytocin with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref9" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref9">van Zuiden 2017</a>); 3 RCTs (N=132) compared propranolol with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref6" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref6">Hoge 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref7">Pitman 2002</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref2">Stein 2007</a>); and 1 RCT (N=48) compared propranolol with gabapentin (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref2">Stein 2007</a>).</p><p>For the delayed treatment (>3 months) of non-significant PTSD symptoms in adults, there was 1 relevant comparison: 1 RCT (N=34) compared prazosin with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref5" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref5">Germain 2012</a>).</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.4.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Twenty-eight studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review. The most common reasons for exclusion were that the paper was a systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract, or the intervention was outside protocol.</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.4.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab8" rid-ob="figobch6tab8">Table 8</a>
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<b>and</b>
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<i>BME – Black and minority ethnic; NR-Not reported; PTSD-Post-traumatic stress disorder</i>.</p><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab9" rid-ob="figobch6tab9">Table 9</a> provide brief summaries of the included studies and evidence from these are summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profiles below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab10" rid-ob="figobch6tab10">Table 10</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab11" rid-ob="figobch6tab11">Table 11</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab12" rid-ob="figobch6tab12">Table 12</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab13" rid-ob="figobch6tab13">Table 13</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab14" rid-ob="figobch6tab14">Table 14</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab8"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab8" rid-ob="figobch6tab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Table 8. Summary of included studies: Other drugs for early prevention (<1 month)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab8">Table 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Other drugs for early prevention (<1 month). </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab9"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab9" rid-ob="figobch6tab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Table 9. Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months) of non-significant PTSD symptoms." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab9">Table 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months) of non-significant PTSD symptoms. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.4.4.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (other drugs for the prevention of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab10" rid-ob="figobch6tab10">Table 10</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab11" rid-ob="figobch6tab11">Table 11</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab12" rid-ob="figobch6tab12">Table 12</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab13" rid-ob="figobch6tab13">Table 13</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab14" rid-ob="figobch6tab14">Table 14</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab10"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 10" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab10" rid-ob="figobch6tab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Table 10. Summary clinical evidence profile: Hydrocortisone versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab10">Table 10</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Hydrocortisone versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab11"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 11" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab11" rid-ob="figobch6tab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Table 11. Summary clinical evidence profile: Oxytocin versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab11">Table 11</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Oxytocin versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab12"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 12" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab12" rid-ob="figobch6tab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Table 12. Summary clinical evidence profile: Propranolol versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab12">Table 12</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Propranolol versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab13"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 13" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab13" rid-ob="figobch6tab13"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab13/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab13/?report=previmg" alt="Table 13. Summary clinical evidence profile: Propranolol versus gabapentin for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab13">Table 13</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Propranolol versus gabapentin for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab14"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 14" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab14" rid-ob="figobch6tab14"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab14/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab14/?report=previmg" alt="Table 14. Summary clinical evidence profile: Prazosin versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of non-significant PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab14">Table 14</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Prazosin versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of non-significant PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch6.appf">Appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.5"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.1.5.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>No economic studies assessing the cost effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for the prevention of PTSD in adults identified from the systematic search of economic literature. The search strategy for economic studies is provided in <a href="#ch6.appb">Appendix B</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.5.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>No economic studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review.</p><div id="ch6.s1.1.5.2.1"><h5>Economic model</h5><p>Economic modelling was not undertaken for this question because other topics were agreed as higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.6"><h4>Resource impact</h4><p>The recommendation made by the committee based on this review is not expected to have a substantial impact on resources. However, the recommendation may save resources by reducing the use of non-evidence-based interventions and also improve consistency of practice.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.7"><h4>Clinical evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch6.l16"><li id="ch6.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality single-RCT (N=29) evidence suggests a large and statistically significant harm of escitalopram relative to placebo on PTSD symptomatology for adults exposed to trauma within the last month, with significantly greater improvement observed for placebo participants. Evidence from this study also suggested a trend for higher discontinuation due to any reason associated with escitalopram, although absolute numbers are small and this effect is not statistically significant. Evidence from this same RCT suggests non-significant effects of escitalopram on depression symptoms or functional impairment.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality single-RCT (N=29–31) evidence suggests non-significant effects of gabapentin relative to placebo on acute stress disorder symptomatology, diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up and discontinuation, for adults exposed to trauma within the last month.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low to very low quality single-RCT (N=20–22) evidence suggests non-significant effects of temazepam relative to placebo on PTSD symptomatology at endpoint or 1-month follow-up or diagnosis of PTSD at 1-month follow-up, for adults exposed to trauma within the last month. No evidence on discontinuation is available.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality single-RCT (N=43–51) evidence suggests large and statistically significant benefits of hydrocortisone relative to placebo on PTSD symptomatology and depression symptoms at endpoint and 2-month follow-up, and quality of life at endpoint, for adults exposed to trauma within the last month. However, evidence from the same RCT suggests clinically important but not statistically significant effects on the number of participants meeting criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD at endpoint or 2-month follow-up. Evidence from this study suggests a trend for a higher rate of discontinuation due to adverse events associated with hydrocortisone, although absolute numbers are small and this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low to moderate quality single-RCT (N=107) evidence suggests small but statistically significant benefits of oxytocin relative to placebo on self-rated PTSD symptomatology at endpoint and clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology at 2-month follow-up, for adults exposed to trauma within the last month. However, effects at other time points (up to 5-month follow-up) are neither clinically important nor statistically significant. Moderate quality evidence from this same RCT suggests a delayed benefit of oxytocin on anxiety symptoms at 5-month follow-up, however effects at endpoint and 2-month follow-up, and on depression symptoms at all time points, and discontinuation are non-significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low to moderate quality evidence from 1–3 RCTs (N=28–118) suggests non-significant effects of propranolol relative to placebo on PTSD symptomatology (self-rated or clinician-rated), or diagnosis of PTSD, at endpoint or 2–3 month follow-up for adults exposed to trauma within the last month. Moderate quality evidence from all 3 RCTs (N=118) suggests a trend for a higher rate of discontinuation associated with propranolol relative to placebo, although this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low to moderate quality single-RCT (N=27–31) evidence suggests non-significant differences between propranolol and gabapentin on acute stress disorder symptomatology or diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up for adults exposed to trauma within the last month. Evidence from this same RCT suggests a trend for a higher rate of discontinuation associated with propranolol relative to gabapentin, although this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality single-RCT (N=23–28) evidence suggests large and statistically significant benefits of prazosin relative to placebo on PTSD symptomatology and sleeping difficulties (at endpoint and 4-month follow-up) for adults exposed to trauma more than 3 months ago with non-significant PTSD symptoms. Evidence from this same RCT suggests a delayed benefit of prazosin on depression symptoms at 4-month follow-up (non-significant at endpoint). Non-significant effects are observed on anxiety symptoms, functional impairment and discontinuation (due to any reason and due to adverse events).</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.8"><h4>Economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch6.l17"><li id="ch6.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>No economic evidence on pharmacological interventions for the prevention of PTSD in adults was identified and no economic modelling was undertaken.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.9"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>Critical outcomes were measures of PTSD symptom improvement on validated scales and prevention of PTSD (as measured by the number of people with a diagnosis or scoring above clinical threshold on a validated scale at endpoint or follow-up). Attrition from treatment (for any reason) was also considered an important outcome as a proxy for the acceptability of treatment, and discontinuation due to adverse events was considered as particularly important as an indicator of potential harm in terms of tolerability. The committee considered dissociative symptoms, personal/social/occupational functioning (including global functioning/functional impairment, sleeping or relationship difficulties, and quality of life), and symptoms of a coexisting condition (including anxiety and depression symptoms) as important but not critical outcomes. This distinction was based on the primacy of targeting the core PTSD symptoms, whilst acknowledging that broader symptom measures may be indicators of a general pattern of effect. Change scores were favoured over final scores as although in theory randomisation should balance out any differences at baseline, this assumption can be violated by small sample sizes. The committee also expressed a general preference for self-rated PTSD symptomatology, particularly for pharmacological interventions where the participant is likely to be blinded and may be less susceptible to bias than the study investigator(s). However, the committee discussed potential threats to blinding of the participant, for example in the context of side effects, and therefore triangulation with blinded clinician-rated outcome measures was also regarded as important.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The evidence for this review was of moderate to very low quality, and of limited volume with most comparisons consisting of single studies with relatively few participants. There were also considerable gaps in the evidence, including widespread reporting of only endpoint data, very limited data reported for discontinuation due to adverse events (only reported by a single study), most comparisons including either self-rated or clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology measures but not both so triangulation not possible, relatively short-term follow-up periods, and less breadth in terms of effects on associated symptoms.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.1.3"><h5>Consideration of clinical benefits and harms</h5><p>The committee considered the evidence for harm associated with escitalopram, namely that patients treated with placebo appeared to show greater improvement in PTSD symptomatology than those receiving the drug. There were also higher rates of discontinuation in patients treated with escitalopram, hydrocortisone and propranolol than those treated with placebo. The committee also considered that providing a treatment that had no clinical benefit over placebo was harmful, as this prevents someone from accessing a treatment that could improve their condition. Such harms were evident in patients treated with an anticonvulsant, a benzodiazepine, or propranolol.</p><p>There was some limited evidence of benefit for hydrocortisone, oxytocin and prazosin, however this came from single studies and benefits were not observed consistently across outcomes. On this basis the committee did not consider a positive recommendation appropriate.</p><p>Taken together, the committee agreed that the potential harms outweighed the benefits for drug treatments in order to prevent PTSD.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>No evidence on the cost effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for the prevention of PTSD in adults was identified and no economic modelling was undertaken in this area. As there was limited evidence of clinical benefit and evidence of harm associated with pharmacological interventions for the prevention of PTSD in adults, a negative recommendation (‘do not offer’) for pharmacological interventions was made. This recommendation is anticipated to result in a moderate change in practice. The previous guideline made only a ‘consider’ recommendation for hypnotic medication for the short-term management of sleep disturbance as an early pharmacological intervention. However, the committee expressed the view that pharmacological treatment within the first month of trauma may be common in clinical practice, although there is variation across settings; therefore implementation of this recommendation may save resources by reducing the use of non-evidence-based interventions, and also improve consistency of practice.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.9.3"><h5>Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>The committee noted their knowledge of harm arising from the prescription of benzodiazepines for PTSD, although they pointed out that much of this data was not of sufficient quality to have been included within this review.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.rl.r1"><h4>References for the included studies</h4><ul class="simple-list"><div id="ch6.s1.1.rl.r2.1"><h5>SSRI</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref1"><p id="p-622">
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<strong>Suliman 2015</strong>
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</p>Suliman
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S, Seedat
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S, Pingo
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J, et al. (2015) Escitalopram in the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC psychiatry
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15(1), 24 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4337322/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4337322</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25885650" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25885650</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.rl.r2.2"><h5>Anticonvulsants</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref2"><p id="p-623">
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<strong>Stein 2007</strong>
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</p>Stein
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M, Kerridge
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C, Dimsdale
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J and Hoyt
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D (2007) Pharmacotherapy to prevent PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial in physically injured patients, Journal of Traumatic Stress
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20, 923–932 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18157888" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18157888</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.rl.r2.3"><h5>Benzodiazepines</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref3"><p id="p-624">
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<strong>Mellman 2002</strong>
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</p>Mellman
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TA (2002) Hypnotic medication in the aftermath of trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
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63, 1183–1184 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12530420" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12530420</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.1.rl.r2.4"><h5>Other drugs</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref4"><p id="p-625">
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<strong>Delahanty 2013</strong>
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</p>Delahanty
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DL, Gabert-Quillen
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C, Ostrowski
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SA, et al. (2013) The efficacy of initial hydrocortisone administration at preventing posttraumatic distress in adult trauma patients: a randomized trial. CNS Spectr
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18(2), 103–11 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5981864/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5981864</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557627" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23557627</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref5"><p id="p-626">
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<strong>Germain 2012</strong>
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</p>Germain
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A, Richardson
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R, Moul
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DE, et al. (2012) Placebo-controlled comparison of prazosin and cognitive-behavioral treatments for sleep disturbances in US Military Veterans. Journal of psychosomatic research
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72(2), 89–96 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3267960/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3267960</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22281448" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22281448</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref6"><p id="p-627">
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<strong>Hoge 2012</strong>
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</p>Hoge
|
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EA, Worthington
|
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JJ, Nagurney
|
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JT, et al. (2012) Effect of acute posttrauma propranolol on PTSD outcome and physiological responses during script-driven imagery. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics
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18(1), 21–7 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6493400/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6493400</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22070357" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22070357</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref7"><p id="p-628">
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<strong>Pitman 2002</strong>
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</p>Pitman
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RK, Sanders
|
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KM, Zusman
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RM, et al. (2002) Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol. Biological Psychiatry
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51, 189–192 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11822998" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11822998</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref8"><p id="p-629">
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<strong>Stein 2007</strong>
|
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</p>Stein
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M, Kerridge
|
|
C, Dimsdale
|
|
J and Hoyt
|
|
D (2007) Pharmacotherapy to prevent PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial in physically injured patients, Journal of Traumatic Stress
|
|
20, 923–932 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18157888" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18157888</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.1.ref9"><p id="p-630">
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<strong>van Zuiden 2017</strong>
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</p>van Zuiden
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M, Frijling
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JL, Nawijn
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L, et al. (2017) Intranasal oxytocin to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: A randomized controlled trial in emergency department patients. Biological psychiatry
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81(12), 1030–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28087128" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28087128</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2"><h3>Review question For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</h3><div id="ch6.s1.2.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>In the UK, only two drugs are currently licensed for the treatment of PTSD, paroxetine and sertraline. However, other drugs have been tested in randomised clinical trials for the treatment of PTSD and are considered within this review.</p><p>Pharmacological interventions will be considered as classes of drugs (SSRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, SNRIs, other antidepressant drugs, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and other drugs) and form subsections below.</p><p>Evidence for anxiolytics was also searched for but none was found.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</h4><p>Please see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab15" rid-ob="figobch6tab15">Table 15</a> for a summary of the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab15"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 15" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab15" rid-ob="figobch6tab15"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab15/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab15/?report=previmg" alt="Table 15. Summary of the protocol (PICO table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab15">Table 15</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PICO table). </p></div></div><p>For full details see review protocol in <a href="#ch6.appa">Appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.3"><h4>Methods and processes</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual; see the <a href="/books/NBK560211/bin/bm1.pdf">methods</a> chapter for further information.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2014 and 2018 conflicts of interests policies.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4"><h4>Clinical Evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.1"><h5>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.1.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Eighty studies of SSRIs for the treatment of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 80 studies, 35 RCTs (N=5892) were included. Many of these 80 RCTs were three- or four-armed trials and as such were included in more than one comparison. There were 11 comparisons for SSRIs.</p><p>There were no studies for early treatment (intervention initiated 1–3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms.</p><p>For delayed treatment (intervention initiated more than 3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms, 20 RCTs (N=4547) compared SSRIs with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref10">Brady 2000</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref15" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref15">Connor et al. 1999b</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref17" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref17">Davidson 2001b</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref18" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref18">Davidson 2004a</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref20" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref20">Davidson 2006b/Davidson unpublished</a> [one study reported across two papers]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref22" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref22">Friedman 2007</a>; GSK 29060 627 [unpublished data]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref26" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref26">Li 2017</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref27" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref27">Marshall 2001</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref28" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref28">Marshall 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref29" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref29">Martenyi 2002a</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref30" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref30">Martenyi 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref33" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref33">Panahi 2011</a>; Pfizer 588 [unpublished data]; Pfizer 589 [unpublished data]; SKB627, Bryson [unpublished data]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref44" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref44">Tucker 2001</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref45" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref45">Tucker 2003/2004</a> [one study reported across two papers]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref47" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref47">Van der Kolk 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref48" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref48">Zohar 2002</a>). 3 RCTs (N=292) compared SSRI augmentation of trauma-focused CBT with trauma-focused CBT alone or in addition to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref11" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref11">Buhmann 2016</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref36" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref36">Popiel 2015</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref38" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref38">Schneier 2012</a>). 1 RCT (N=69) compared augmentation of non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy with sertraline relative to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref24" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref24">Hien 2015/Ruglass 2015</a> [one study reported across two papers]).1 RCT (N=50) compared paroxetine with amitriptyline (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref12" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref12">Celik 2011</a>). 2 RCTs (N=153) compared an SSRI with paroxetine (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref13" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref13">Chung 2004/2005</a> [one study reported across two papers]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref39" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref39">Seo 2010</a>). 1 RCT (N=538) compared sertraline with venlafaxine (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref20" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref20">Davidson 2006b/Davidson unpublished</a> [one study reported across two papers]). 1 RCT (N=207) compared augmentation of trauma-focused CBT with sertraline relative to augmentation with venlafaxine (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref42" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref42">Sonne 2016</a>). 2 RCTs (N=97) compared sertraline with nefazodone (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref31" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref31">McRae 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref37" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref37">Saygin 2002</a>). 1 RCT (N=103) compared fluoxetine with moclobemide (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref60" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref60">Önder 2006</a>), and the same RCT (N=103) also compared fluoxetine with tianeptine (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref60" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref60">Önder 2006</a>). 1 RCT (N=40) compared fluvoxamine with reboxetine (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref43" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref43">Spivak et al. 2006</a>). Finally, 3 RCTs (N=334) compared maintenance treatment with SSRIs relative to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref16" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref16">Davidson 2001a</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref19" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref19">Davidson 2005a</a>; SKB650, Bryson [unpublished data]).</p><p>Sub-analyses were possible for the SSRIs versus placebo comparison, comparing effects by multiplicity of trauma and specific drug.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.1.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Forty-five studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review. The most common reasons for exclusion were non-randomised group assignment, efficacy or safety data could not be extracted, or the paper was a systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract.</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.1.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab16" rid-ob="figobch6tab16">Table 16</a>, BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; GAD, generalised anxiety disorder; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors;</p><p>
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|
<i>
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|
<sup>1</sup>
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|
</i>
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|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref10">Brady 2000</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>2</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref15" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref15">Connor 1999b</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>3</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref17" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref17">Davidson 2001b</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>4</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref18" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref18">Davidson 2004a</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>5</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref20" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref20">Davidson 2006b/Davidson unpublished</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>6</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref22" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref22">Friedman 2007</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i><sup>7</sup>GSK 29060 627;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>8</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref26" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref26">Li 2017</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>9</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref27" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref27">Marshall 2001</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>10</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref28" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref28">Marshall 2007</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>11</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref29" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref29">Martenyi 2002a</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>12</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref30" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref30">Martenyi 2007</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>13</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref33" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref33">Panahi 2011</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i><sup>14</sup>Pfizer 588;</i>
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|
</p><p>
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<i><sup>15</sup>Pfizer 589;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i><sup>16</sup>SKB627;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>17</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref44" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref44">Tucker 2001</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>18</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref45" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref45">Tucker 2003/2004</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>19</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref47" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref47">van der Kolk 2007</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>20</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref48" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref48">Zohar 2002</a>
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</p><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab17" rid-ob="figobch6tab17">Table 17</a>, AUD, alcohol use disorders; BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; MVA, motor vehicle accidents; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; PE, psychoeducation; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; SUD, substance use disorder; TF-CBT, trauma-focused-cognitive behavioural therapy</p><p>
|
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<i>
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<sup>1</sup>
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|
</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref11" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref11">Buhmann 2016</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>2</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref36" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref36">Popiel 2015</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>3</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref38" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref38">Schneier 2012</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>4</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref13" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref13">Chung 2004/2005</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>5</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref39" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref39">Seo 2010</a>
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</p><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab18" rid-ob="figobch6tab18">Table 18</a>, and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab19" rid-ob="figobch6tab19">Table 19</a> provide brief summaries of the included studies and evidence from these are summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profiles below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab20" rid-ob="figobch6tab20">Table 20</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab21" rid-ob="figobch6tab21">Table 21</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab22" rid-ob="figobch6tab22">Table 22</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab23" rid-ob="figobch6tab23">Table 23</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab24" rid-ob="figobch6tab24">Table 24</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab25" rid-ob="figobch6tab25">Table 25</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab26" rid-ob="figobch6tab26">Table 26</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab27" rid-ob="figobch6tab27">Table 27</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab28" rid-ob="figobch6tab28">Table 28</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab29" rid-ob="figobch6tab29">Table 29</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab30" rid-ob="figobch6tab30">Table 30</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab31" rid-ob="figobch6tab31">Table 31</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab16"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 16" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab16" rid-ob="figobch6tab16"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab16/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab16/?report=previmg" alt="Table 16. Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 1." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab16">Table 16</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 1. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab17"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 17" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab17" rid-ob="figobch6tab17"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab17/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab17/?report=previmg" alt="Table 17. Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 2." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab17">Table 17</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 2. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab18"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 18" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab18" rid-ob="figobch6tab18"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab18/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab18/?report=previmg" alt="Table 18. Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 3." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab18"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab18">Table 18</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 3. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab19"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 19" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab19" rid-ob="figobch6tab19"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab19/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab19/?report=previmg" alt="Table 19. Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 4." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab19"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab19">Table 19</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 4. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.1.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (SSRIs for the treatment of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab20" rid-ob="figobch6tab20">Table 20</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab21" rid-ob="figobch6tab21">Table 21</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab22" rid-ob="figobch6tab22">Table 22</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab23" rid-ob="figobch6tab23">Table 23</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab24" rid-ob="figobch6tab24">Table 24</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab25" rid-ob="figobch6tab25">Table 25</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab26" rid-ob="figobch6tab26">Table 26</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab27" rid-ob="figobch6tab27">Table 27</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab28" rid-ob="figobch6tab28">Table 28</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab29" rid-ob="figobch6tab29">Table 29</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab30" rid-ob="figobch6tab30">Table 30</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab31" rid-ob="figobch6tab31">Table 31</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab20"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 20" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab20" rid-ob="figobch6tab20"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab20/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab20/?report=previmg" alt="Table 20. Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRIs versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab20"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab20">Table 20</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRIs versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab21"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 21" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab21" rid-ob="figobch6tab21"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab21/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab21/?report=previmg" alt="Table 21. Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline (+ non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo (+ non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab21"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab21">Table 21</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline (+ non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo (+ non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab22"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 22" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab22" rid-ob="figobch6tab22"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab22/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab22/?report=previmg" alt="Table 22. Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab22"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab22">Table 22</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab23"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 23" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab23" rid-ob="figobch6tab23"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab23/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab23/?report=previmg" alt="Table 23. Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab23"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab23">Table 23</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab24"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 24" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab24" rid-ob="figobch6tab24"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab24/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab24/?report=previmg" alt="Table 24. Summary clinical evidence profile: Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab24"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab24">Table 24</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab25"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 25" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab25" rid-ob="figobch6tab25"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab25/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab25/?report=previmg" alt="Table 25. Summary clinical evidence profile: Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab25"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab25">Table 25</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab26"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 26" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab26" rid-ob="figobch6tab26"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab26/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab26/?report=previmg" alt="Table 26. Summary clinical evidence profile: Fluvoxamine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab26"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab26">Table 26</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Fluvoxamine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab27"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 27" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab27" rid-ob="figobch6tab27"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab27/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab27/?report=previmg" alt="Table 27. Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab27"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab27">Table 27</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab28"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 28" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab28" rid-ob="figobch6tab28"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab28/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab28/?report=previmg" alt="Table 28. Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline (+ trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+ trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab28"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab28">Table 28</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline (+ trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+ trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab29"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 29" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab29" rid-ob="figobch6tab29"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab29/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab29/?report=previmg" alt="Table 29. Summary clinical evidence profile: Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab29"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab29">Table 29</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab30"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 30" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab30" rid-ob="figobch6tab30"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab30/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab30/?report=previmg" alt="Table 30. Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRIs versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab30"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab30">Table 30</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRIs versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab31"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 31" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab31" rid-ob="figobch6tab31"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab31/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab31/?report=previmg" alt="Table 31. Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus (+/− placebo +) trauma-focused CBT for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab31"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab31">Table 31</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus (+/− placebo +) trauma-focused CBT for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.1.5"><h5>Sensitivity and subgroup analysis</h5><p>Sub-analysis of the comparison, SSRIs versus placebo for delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important symptoms/PTSD, by multiplicity of trauma revealed non-significant differences for PTSD outcomes and discontinuation due to adverse events. However, the test for subgroup differences on discontinuation due to any reason is statistically significant (Chi² = 6.50, p = 0.04), and suggests a relatively higher rate of discontinuation due to any reason for those who have experienced multiple incident index trauma (RR 1.52 [1.08, 2.15]) relative to those who have experienced single incident index trauma (RR 1.00 [0.89, 1.14]) or where the multiplicity of index trauma is unclear (RR 0.90 [0.73, 1.11]).</p><p>Sub-analysis by specific drug revealed non-significant differences for all PTSD outcomes and discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events).</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.2"><h5>Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.2.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Four studies of TCAs for the treatment of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 4 studies, 2 RCTs (N=106) were included in a single comparison for TCAs.</p><p>There were no studies for early treatment (intervention initiated 1–3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms.</p><p>For delayed treatment (intervention initiated more than 3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms, both RCTs (N=106) compared TCAs with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref49" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref49">Davidson 1990</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref50" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref50">Kosten 1991</a>).</p><p>Comparisons with SSRIs are presented in the SSRI section above.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.2.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Two studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review because the paper was a secondary analysis of an RCT that had already been included, or due to small sample size (N<10 per arm).</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.2.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab32" rid-ob="figobch6tab32">Table 32</a> provides brief summaries of the included studies and evidence from these are summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profile below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab33" rid-ob="figobch6tab33">Table 33</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab32"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 32" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab32" rid-ob="figobch6tab32"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab32/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab32/?report=previmg" alt="Table 32. Summary of included studies: TCAs for delayed treatment (>3 months)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab32"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab32">Table 32</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: TCAs for delayed treatment (>3 months). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.2.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (TCAs for the treatment of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab33" rid-ob="figobch6tab33">Table 33</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab33"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 33" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab33" rid-ob="figobch6tab33"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab33/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab33/?report=previmg" alt="Table 33. Summary clinical evidence profile: TCAs versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab33"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab33">Table 33</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: TCAs versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.3"><h5>Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Six studies of SNRIs for the treatment of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 6 studies, 2 RCTs (N=867) were included in a single comparison for SNRIs.</p><p>There were no studies for early treatment (intervention initiated 1–3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms.</p><p>For delayed treatment (intervention initiated more than 3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms, both RCTs (N=867) compared SNRIs with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref51" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref51">Davidson 2006a/2008/2012</a> [one study reported across three papers]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref20" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref20">Davidson 2006b/Davidson unpublished</a> [one study reported across two papers]).</p><p>Comparisons with SSRIs are presented in the SSRI section above.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Four studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review. The reasons for exclusion were non-randomised group assignment, conference abstract, or non-Englishlanguage paper.</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.3.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab34" rid-ob="figobch6tab34">Table 34</a> provides brief summaries of the included studies and evidence from these are summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profile below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab35" rid-ob="figobch6tab35">Table 35</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab34"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 34" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab34" rid-ob="figobch6tab34"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab34/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab34/?report=previmg" alt="Table 34. Summary of included studies: SNRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab34"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab34">Table 34</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: SNRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.3.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (SNRIs for the treatment of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab35" rid-ob="figobch6tab35">Table 35</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab35"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 35" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab35" rid-ob="figobch6tab35"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab35/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab35/?report=previmg" alt="Table 35. Summary clinical evidence profile: Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab35"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab35">Table 35</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.4"><h5>Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.4.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Five studies of MAOIs for the treatment of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 5 studies, 2 RCTs (N=105) were included. There were 2 comparisons for MAOIs, one of the RCTs was a three-armed trial and included in both comparisons.</p><p>There were no studies for early treatment (intervention initiated 1–3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms.</p><p>For delayed treatment (intervention initiated more than 3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms, 2 RCTs (N=105) compared MAOIs with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref56" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref56">Katz 1994</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref50" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref50">Kosten 1991</a>), and 1 of these RCTs (N=60) compared phenelzine with imipramine.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.4.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Three studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review because efficacy or safety data could not be extracted, or due to non-randomised group assignment or small sample size (N<10 per arm).</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.4.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab36" rid-ob="figobch6tab36">Table 36</a> provides brief summaries of the included studies and evidence from these are summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profiles below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab37" rid-ob="figobch6tab37">Table 37</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab38" rid-ob="figobch6tab38">Table 38</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab36"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 36" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab36" rid-ob="figobch6tab36"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab36/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab36/?report=previmg" alt="Table 36. Summary of included studies: MAOIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab36"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab36">Table 36</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: MAOIs for delayed treatment (>3 months). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.4.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (MAOIs for the treatment of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab37" rid-ob="figobch6tab37">Table 37</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab38" rid-ob="figobch6tab38">Table 38</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab37"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 37" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab37" rid-ob="figobch6tab37"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab37/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab37/?report=previmg" alt="Table 37. Summary clinical evidence profile: MAOIs versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab37"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab37">Table 37</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: MAOIs versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab38"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 38" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab38" rid-ob="figobch6tab38"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab38/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab38/?report=previmg" alt="Table 38. Summary clinical evidence profile: Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab38"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab38">Table 38</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.5"><h5>Other antidepressant drugs: clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.5.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Ten studies of other antidepressant drugs for the treatment of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 10 studies, 3 RCTs (N=175) were included in 3 comparisons for other antidepressants drugs.</p><p>There were no studies for early treatment (intervention initiated 1–3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms.</p><p>For delayed treatment (intervention initiated more than 3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms, 1 RCT (N=42) compared nefazodone with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref58" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref58">Davis et al. 2004</a>). 1 RCT (N=30) compared bupropion in addition to TAU with placebo in addition to TAU (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref59" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref59">Becker et al. 2007</a>), and 1 RCT (N=103) compared moclobemide with tianeptine (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref60" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref60">Önder et al. 2006</a>).</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.5.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Seven studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review. The most common reasons for exclusion were that the study was unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided) or non-randomised group assignment.</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.5.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab39" rid-ob="figobch6tab39">Table 39</a> provides brief summaries of the included studies and evidence from these are summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profiles below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab40" rid-ob="figobch6tab40">Table 40</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab41" rid-ob="figobch6tab41">Table 41</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab42" rid-ob="figobch6tab42">Table 42</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab39"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 39" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab39" rid-ob="figobch6tab39"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab39/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab39/?report=previmg" alt="Table 39. Summary of included studies: Other antidepressant drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab39"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab39">Table 39</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Other antidepressant drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.5.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (other antidepressant drugs for the treatment of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab40" rid-ob="figobch6tab40">Table 40</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab41" rid-ob="figobch6tab41">Table 41</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab42" rid-ob="figobch6tab42">Table 42</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab40"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 40" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab40" rid-ob="figobch6tab40"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab40/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab40/?report=previmg" alt="Table 40. Summary clinical evidence profile: Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab40"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab40">Table 40</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab41"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 41" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab41" rid-ob="figobch6tab41"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab41/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab41/?report=previmg" alt="Table 41. Summary clinical evidence profile: Bupropion (+ TAU) versus placebo (+ TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab41"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab41">Table 41</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Bupropion (+ TAU) versus placebo (+ TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab42"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 42" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab42" rid-ob="figobch6tab42"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab42/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab42/?report=previmg" alt="Table 42. Summary clinical evidence profile: Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab42"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab42">Table 42</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.6"><h5>Anticonvulsants: clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.6.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Thirty-three studies of anticonvulsants for the treatment of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 33 studies, 6 RCTs (N=496) were included in 4 comparisons for anticonvulsants.</p><p>There were no studies for early treatment (intervention initiated 1–3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms.</p><p>For delayed treatment (intervention initiated more than 3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms, 3 RCTs (N=142) compared topiramate with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref61" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref61">Akuchekian & Amanat 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref65" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref65">Tucker 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref66" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref66">Yeh 2011/Mello 2008</a> [published study and trial protocol]). 1 RCT (N=85) compared divalproex with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref64" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref64">Davis 2008a</a>), and 1 RCT (N=232) compared tiagabine with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref63" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref63">Davidson 2007</a>). Finally, 1 RCT (N=37) compared augmentation of routine medications with pregabalin relative to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref62" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref62">Baniasadi 2014</a>).</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.6.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Twenty-seven studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review. The most common reasons for exclusion was non-randomised group assignment.</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.6.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab43" rid-ob="figobch6tab43">Table 43</a> provide brief summaries of the included studies and evidence from these are summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profiles below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab44/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab44" rid-ob="figobch6tab44">Table 44</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab45/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab45" rid-ob="figobch6tab45">Table 45</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab46/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab46" rid-ob="figobch6tab46">Table 46</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab47/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab47" rid-ob="figobch6tab47">Table 47</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab43"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 43" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab43" rid-ob="figobch6tab43"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab43/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab43/?report=previmg" alt="Table 43. Summary of included studies: Anticonvulsants for delayed treatment (>3 months)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab43"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab43">Table 43</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Anticonvulsants for delayed treatment (>3 months). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.6.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (anticonvulsants for the treatment of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab44/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab44" rid-ob="figobch6tab44">Table 44</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab45/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab45" rid-ob="figobch6tab45">Table 45</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab46/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab46" rid-ob="figobch6tab46">Table 46</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab47/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab47" rid-ob="figobch6tab47">Table 47</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab44"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab44/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 44" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab44" rid-ob="figobch6tab44"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab44/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab44/?report=previmg" alt="Table 44. Summary clinical evidence profile: Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab44"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab44/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab44">Table 44</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab45"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab45/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 45" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab45" rid-ob="figobch6tab45"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab45/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab45/?report=previmg" alt="Table 45. Summary clinical evidence profile: Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab45"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab45/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab45">Table 45</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab46"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab46/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 46" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab46" rid-ob="figobch6tab46"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab46/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab46/?report=previmg" alt="Table 46. Summary clinical evidence profile: Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab46"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab46/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab46">Table 46</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab47"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab47/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 47" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab47" rid-ob="figobch6tab47"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab47/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab47/?report=previmg" alt="Table 47. Summary clinical evidence profile: Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab47"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab47/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab47">Table 47</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.7"><h5>Antipsychotics: clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.7.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Twenty-nine studies of antipsychotics for the treatment of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 28 studies, 5 RCTs (N=505) were included in 2 comparisons for antipsychotics.</p><p>There were no studies for early treatment (intervention initiated 1–3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms.</p><p>For delayed treatment (intervention initiated more than 3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms, 3 RCTs (N=410) compared antipsychotic monotherapy with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref68" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref68">Carey 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref69" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref69">Krystal 2011/2016</a> [one study reported across two papers]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref72" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref72">Villarreal 2016</a>). 2 RCTs (N=95) compared augmentation of routine medications with antipsychotics relative to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref67" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref67">Bartzokis 2005</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref71" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref71">Ramaswamy 2016</a>).</p><p>Sub-analyses were possible for the antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo comparison, comparing effects on different subscales of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM–IV (CAPS) and by multiplicity of trauma. Sub-analysis by specific drug was not meaningful as there was only 1 study in each subgroup.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.7.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Twenty-four studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review. The most common reasons for exclusion were small sample size (N<10 per arm), the paper was a systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract, or the study was unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided).</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.7.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab48/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab48" rid-ob="figobch6tab48">Table 48</a> provide brief summaries of the included studies and evidence from these are summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profiles below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab49/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab49" rid-ob="figobch6tab49">Table 49</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab50/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab50" rid-ob="figobch6tab50">Table 50</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab48"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab48/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 48" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab48" rid-ob="figobch6tab48"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab48/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab48/?report=previmg" alt="Table 48. Summary of included studies: Antipsychotics for delayed treatment (>3 months)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab48"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab48/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab48">Table 48</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Antipsychotics for delayed treatment (>3 months). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.7.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (antipsychotics for the treatment of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab49/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab49" rid-ob="figobch6tab49">Table 49</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab50/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab50" rid-ob="figobch6tab50">Table 50</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab49"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab49/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 49" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab49" rid-ob="figobch6tab49"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab49/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab49/?report=previmg" alt="Table 49. Summary clinical evidence profile: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab49"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab49/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab49">Table 49</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab50"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab50/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 50" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab50" rid-ob="figobch6tab50"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab50/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab50/?report=previmg" alt="Table 50. Summary clinical evidence profile: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab50"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab50/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab50">Table 50</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.7.5"><h5>Sensitivity and subgroup analysis</h5><p>Sub-analysis of the comparison, antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important symptoms/PTSD, by CAPS subscale revealed no significant differences in the effects across the CAPS-B (re-experiencing), CAPS-C (avoidance/numbing), and CAPS-D (hyperarousal) subscales. Sub-analyses by multiplicity of trauma also revealed non-significant differences in efficacy across PTSD outcomes and on discontinuation for those who had experienced multiple incident index trauma relative to those where multiplicity of trauma was unclear.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.8"><h5>Benzodiazepines: clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.8.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Five studies of benzodiazepines for the treatment of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 5 studies, 1 RCT (N=156) was included, and had three-arms meaning there were 2 comparisons for benzodiazepines.</p><p>There were no studies for early treatment (intervention initiated 1–3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms.</p><p>For delayed treatment (intervention initiated more than 3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms, 1 RCT (N=156) compared the augmentation of virtual reality exposure therapy with alprazolam relative to placebo, and the same study also compared alprazolam augmentation with d-cycloserine augmentation (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref73" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref73">Rothbaum 2014/Norrholm 2016</a> [one study reported across two papers]).</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.8.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Four studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review. Reasons for exclusion were: small sample size (N<10 per arm); non-randomised group assignment; systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract; population outside scope (inoculation interventions for people who may be at risk of experiencing but have not experienced, a traumatic event).</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.8.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab51/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab51" rid-ob="figobch6tab51">Table 51</a> provides a brief summary of the included study and evidence from this study is summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profiles below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab52/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab52" rid-ob="figobch6tab52">Table 52</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab53/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab53" rid-ob="figobch6tab53">Table 53</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab51"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab51/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 51" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab51" rid-ob="figobch6tab51"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab51/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab51/?report=previmg" alt="Table 51. Summary of included studies: Benzodiazepines for delayed treatment (>3 months)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab51"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab51/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab51">Table 51</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Benzodiazepines for delayed treatment (>3 months). </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.8.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (benzodiazepines for the treatment of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab52/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab52" rid-ob="figobch6tab52">Table 52</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab53/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab53" rid-ob="figobch6tab53">Table 53</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab52"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab52/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 52" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab52" rid-ob="figobch6tab52"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab52/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab52/?report=previmg" alt="Table 52. Summary clinical evidence profile: Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab52"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab52/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab52">Table 52</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab53"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab53/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 53" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab53" rid-ob="figobch6tab53"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab53/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab53/?report=previmg" alt="Table 53. Summary clinical evidence profile: Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab53"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab53/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab53">Table 53</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.9"><h5>Other drugs: clinical evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.9.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>One hundred and fourteen studies of other drugs for the treatment of PTSD in adults were identified for full-text review. Of these 114 studies, 12 RCTs (N=979) were included. One of these RCTs was included in more than one comparison (three-armed trial where each arm was relevant to this section of the review). There were 8 comparisons for other drugs.</p><p>There were no studies for early treatment (intervention initiated 1–3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms.</p><p>For delayed treatment (intervention initiated more than 3 months post-trauma) of PTSD symptoms, 4 RCTs (N=542) compared prazosin (alone or in addition to TAU) with placebo (alone or in addition to TAU) (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref75" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref75">Ahmadpanah 2014</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref85" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref85">Petrakis 2016</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref87" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref87">Raskind 2007</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref89" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref89">Raskind 2018/Ventura 2007</a> [published paper and trial protocol]). 1 of these RCTs (N=102) also compared prazosin with hydroxyzine, and hydroxyzine with placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref75" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref75">Ahmadpanah et al. 2014</a>). 1 RCT (N=27) compared eszopiclone versus placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref86" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref86">Pollack 2011</a>). 1 RCT (N=41) compared augmentation of routine medications with propranolol relative to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref83" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref83">Mahabir et al. 2016</a>), 1 RCT (N=24) compared augmentation of routine medications with rivastigmine relative to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref76" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref76">Ardani 2017</a>), and 1 RCT (N=63) compared augmentation of routine medications with guanfacine relative to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref84" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref84">Neylan 2006</a>). Finally, 4 RCTs (N=282) compared augmentation of exposure therapy with d-cycloserine relative to placebo (<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref77" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref77">de Kleine et al. 2012/2014/2015</a> [one study reported across three papers]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref80" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref80">Difede 2014/Difede 2008</a> [published paper and trial protocol]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref82" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref82">Litz 2012</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref73" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref73">Rothbaum 2014/Norrholm 2016</a> [one study reported across two papers).</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.9.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Forty-five studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review. The most common reasons for exclusion were non-randomised group assignment, efficacy or safety data could not be extracted, or the paper was a systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract.</p><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch6.appk">Appendix K</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.9.3"><h5>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab54/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab54" rid-ob="figobch6tab54">Table 54</a>, <i>BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TAU, treatment as usual; TCA, tricyclic anti-depressants</i>.</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>1</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref75" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref75">Ahmadpanah 2014</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>2</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref85" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref85">Petrakis 2016</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>3</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref87" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref87">Raskind 2007</a>
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<i>;</i>
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</p><p>
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<i>
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<sup>4</sup>
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</i>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref89" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref89">Raskind 2018/Ventura 2007</a>
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</p><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab55/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab55" rid-ob="figobch6tab55">Table 55</a>
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<b>and</b>
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<i>BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; GAD, generalised anxiety disorder; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MDD, major depressive disorder; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</i></p><p><a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab56/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab56" rid-ob="figobch6tab56">Table 56</a> provide brief summaries of the included studies and evidence from these are summarised in the clinical GRADE evidence profiles below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab57/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab57" rid-ob="figobch6tab57">Table 57</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab58/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab58" rid-ob="figobch6tab58">Table 58</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab59/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab59" rid-ob="figobch6tab59">Table 59</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab60/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab60" rid-ob="figobch6tab60">Table 60</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab61/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab61" rid-ob="figobch6tab61">Table 61</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab62/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab62" rid-ob="figobch6tab62">Table 62</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab63/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab63" rid-ob="figobch6tab63">Table 63</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab64/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab64" rid-ob="figobch6tab64">Table 64</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch6.appc">Appendix C</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch6.appe">Appendix E</a> and study evidence tables in <a href="#ch6.appd">Appendix D</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab54"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab54/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 54" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab54" rid-ob="figobch6tab54"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab54/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab54/?report=previmg" alt="Table 54. Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 1." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab54"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab54/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab54">Table 54</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 1. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab55"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab55/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 55" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab55" rid-ob="figobch6tab55"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab55/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab55/?report=previmg" alt="Table 55. Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 2." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab55"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab55/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab55">Table 55</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 2. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab56"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab56/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 56" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab56" rid-ob="figobch6tab56"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab56/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab56/?report=previmg" alt="Table 56. Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 3." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab56"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab56/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab56">Table 56</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 3. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.4.9.4"><h5>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h5><p>The clinical evidence profiles for this review (SSRIs for the treatment of PTSD in adults) are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab57/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab57" rid-ob="figobch6tab57">Table 57</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab58/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab58" rid-ob="figobch6tab58">Table 58</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab59/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab59" rid-ob="figobch6tab59">Table 59</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab60/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab60" rid-ob="figobch6tab60">Table 60</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab61/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab61" rid-ob="figobch6tab61">Table 61</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab62/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab62" rid-ob="figobch6tab62">Table 62</a>, <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab63/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab63" rid-ob="figobch6tab63">Table 63</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab64/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch6tab64" rid-ob="figobch6tab64">Table 64</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab57"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab57/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 57" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab57" rid-ob="figobch6tab57"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab57/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab57/?report=previmg" alt="Table 57. Summary clinical evidence profile: Prazosin (+/− TAU) versus placebo (+/− TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab57"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab57/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab57">Table 57</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Prazosin (+/− TAU) versus placebo (+/− TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab58"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab58/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 58" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab58" rid-ob="figobch6tab58"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab58/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab58/?report=previmg" alt="Table 58. Summary clinical evidence profile: Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab58"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab58/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab58">Table 58</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab59"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab59/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 59" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab59" rid-ob="figobch6tab59"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab59/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab59/?report=previmg" alt="Table 59. Summary clinical evidence profile: Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab59"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab59/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab59">Table 59</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab60"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab60/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 60" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab60" rid-ob="figobch6tab60"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab60/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab60/?report=previmg" alt="Table 60. Summary clinical evidence profile: Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab60"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab60/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab60">Table 60</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab61"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab61/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 61" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab61" rid-ob="figobch6tab61"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab61/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab61/?report=previmg" alt="Table 61. Summary clinical evidence profile: Propranolol (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab61"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab61/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab61">Table 61</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Propranolol (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab62"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab62/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 62" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab62" rid-ob="figobch6tab62"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab62/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab62/?report=previmg" alt="Table 62. Summary clinical evidence profile: Rivastigmine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab62"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab62/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab62">Table 62</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Rivastigmine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab63"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab63/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 63" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab63" rid-ob="figobch6tab63"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab63/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab63/?report=previmg" alt="Table 63. Summary clinical evidence profile: Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab63"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab63/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab63">Table 63</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6tab64"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab64/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 64" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6tab64" rid-ob="figobch6tab64"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab64/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab64/?report=previmg" alt="Table 64. Summary clinical evidence profile: d-cycloserine (+ exposure therapy) versus placebo (+ exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.tab64"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab64/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6tab64">Table 64</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary clinical evidence profile: d-cycloserine (+ exposure therapy) versus placebo (+ exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults. </p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.5"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.2.5.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>One cost-utility analysis assessing the cost effectiveness of SSRIs for the treatment of adults with PTSD was identified (Mihalopoulos et al., 2015). The search strategy for economic studies is provided in <a href="#ch6.appb">Appendix B</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.5.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>No economic studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from this review.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.5.3"><h5>Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h5><p>Mihalopoulos and colleagues (2015) developed an economic model to assess the cost effectiveness of SSRIs versus non-evidence-based treatment with medication (treatment as usual) for adults with PTSD in Australia. Eligible study population comprised prevalent cases (12-month prevalence) of PTSD among the adult Australian population in 2012, who were currently seeking care, had consulted any health professional for a mental health problem during the previous 12 months and had been receiving medication but not evidence-based care (i.e. no SSRIs). The perspective of the analysis was that of the health sector (government and service user out-of-pocket expenses). Only intervention costs were included; it was assumed that the number of medical visits and mix of providers were the same in the SSRI and the treatment as usual arms of the model.</p><p>Efficacy data were taken from meta-analysis of trial data comparing SSRIs with other drugs. Resource use data were based on trial and epidemiological data and expert opinion; national unit costs were used. The measure of outcome was the QALY, estimated using utility scores elicited from the Australian population using the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL-4D) instrument. The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) was also used. The time horizon of the analysis was 5 years; a 3% annual discount rate was used. However, only benefits were measured for a period of 5 years; costs were measured over the duration of treatment (i.e. 9 months).</p><p>SSRIs were found to be more costly and more effective than pharmacological treatment as usual, with an ICER of Aus$230/QALY in 2012 prices (£89/QALY in 2016 prices). Results were quite uncertain and ranged from SSRIs being dominant to an ICER of Aus$4900/QALY (£2,177 in 2016 prices). The probability of SSRIs being dominant (i.e. more effective and less costly than other medications) was 0.27. Results were most sensitive to utility scores and participation rates among the prevalent population. The study is partially applicable to the NICE decision-making context as it was conducted in Australia and the method of QALY estimation is not consistent with NICE recommendations. The study is characterised by potentially serious limitations, including the short time horizon for costs (until end of treatment) and the fact that only intervention costs (drug acquisition costs) were considered.</p><p>The references of included studies and the economic evidence tables are provided in <a href="#ch6.apph">Appendix H</a>. The economic evidence profiles are shown in <a href="#ch6.appi">Appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.5.4"><h5>Economic model</h5><p>No separate economic analysis of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of PTSD in adults was undertaken, as other areas were agreed as higher priorities for economic evaluation. However, SSRIs were included as one of the interventions assessed in the economic model that was developed to explore the cost effectiveness of psychological interventions for the treatment of adults with clinically important PTSD symptoms more than 3 months after trauma. The analysis was informed by the results of a network meta-analysis (NMA) conducted for this purpose. The economic model included any effective active intervention that had been compared with psychological interventions and was connected to the network of evidence, if they had been tested on at least 50 people across the RCTs included in the NMAs. Five studies compared SSRIs with psychological interventions, alone or combined with SSRIs. No other pharmacological treatments were included in the economic analysis.</p><p>The results of the analyses suggested that SSRIs were among the top 6 most cost-effective interventions considered in the model. The order of interventions, from the most to the least cost-effective, in the guideline base-case economic analysis was: TF-CBT individual < 8 sessions, psychoeducation, EMDR, combined somatic and cognitive therapies, self-help with support, SSRI, self-help without support, TF-CBT individual 8–12 sessions, IPT, non-TF-CBT, present-centred therapy, TF-CBT group 8–12 sessions, combined TF-CBT individual 8–12 sessions + SSRI, no treatment, TF-CBT individual >12 sessions, and counselling. It should be noted that the NMA that informed the base-case analysis was characterised by high between-study heterogeneity, as well as large effects and considerable uncertainty for some interventions, and this should be taken into account when interpreting the results of the economic analysis.</p><p>Details of the methods employed in the economic analysis and full results are provided in <a href="/books/n/niceng116er4/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Appendix J</a> of <a href="/books/n/niceng116er4/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence Report D</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.6"><h4>Resource impact</h4><p>The committee has made ‘consider’ recommendations on pharmacological interventions for adults with PTSD based on this review. Unlike for stronger (‘offer’) recommendations that interventions should be adopted, it is not possible to make a judgement about the potential resource impact to the NHS, as uptake of ‘consider’ recommendations is difficult to predict.</p><p>Details on the committee’s discussion on the anticipated resource impact of recommendations are included under the ‘Cost effectiveness and resource use’ in ‘The committee’s discussion of the evidence’ section.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.7"><h4>Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch6.s1.2.7.1"><h5>SSRIs</h5><ul id="ch6.l32"><li id="ch6.lt112" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low to low quality evidence from 11–17 RCTs (N=2155–3593) suggests a small but statistically significant benefit of SSRIs relative to placebo, on improving PTSD symptomatology (self-rated and clinician-rated) and on the rate of response, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. There is also low quality evidence for clinically important and statistically significant effects on remission as assessed with clinician-rated (K=5; N=1527) or self-rated (K=1; N=384) measures. Very low to low quality evidence from 5–14 RCTs (N=1506–3135) suggests small but statistically significant effects on depression symptoms and functional impairment, and very low to low quality evidence from 1–2 RCT analyses (N=30–535) suggests statistically significant benefits for dissociative symptoms, global functioning and quality of life and a clinically important benefit (that just misses statistical significance) for relationship difficulties. However, very low to low quality evidence from 2–5 RCTs (N=368–1060) suggests non-significant effects on anxiety symptoms or sleeping difficulties. Low quality evidence from 13 RCTs (N=3074) suggests SSRIs are associated with harm with significantly higher discontinuation due to adverse events observed for SSRIs relative to placebo. Effect on discontinuation for any reason (K=17; N=3569) are neither clinically important nor statistically significant. Sub-analysis by multiplicity of trauma suggests no significant differences on PTSD outcomes or discontinuation due to adverse events, but a relatively higher rate of discontinuation (for any reason) from SSRIs for adults who have experienced multiple trauma. Sub-analysis by specific drug suggests no significant differences on PTSD outcomes or discontinuation.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt113" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low to low quality evidence from 1–2 RCTs (N=37–141) suggests a clinically important but not statistically significant benefit of SSRI augmentation of trauma-focused CBT relative to trauma-focused CBT (alone or with placebo) on improving clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology and the rate of response, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low to low quality evidence from 1–3 RCTs (N=107–249) suggests moderate and statistically significant benefits of SSRI augmentation on depression symptoms at endpoint and 1-year follow-up and a small but statistically significant benefit on functional impairment. However, very low to low quality evidence from 1–2 RCTs (N=107–222) suggests neither clinically important nor statistically significant effects of SSRI augmentation on self-rated PTSD symptomatology or anxiety symptoms at endpoint or 1-year follow-up or on the rate of remission or quality of life. Very low quality evidence from 2–3 RCTs (N=178–349) suggests a trend for more discontinuation due to any reason and less discontinuation due to adverse effects associated with SSRI augmentation, but neither effect is statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt114" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality single-RCT (N=43–49) evidence suggests moderate-to-large benefits of augmenting non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy with sertraline, relative to placebo, on improving clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology at endpoint and 6- and 12-month follow-up, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Moderate quality evidence from this same RCT (N=69) also suggests clinically important and statistically significant benefits of sertraline augmentation on the rate of response at endpoint and 1-year follow-up (the effect at 6-month follow-up is clinically important but not statistically significant). Whereas, moderate to low quality evidence from this RCT (N=41–50) suggests non-significant effects of sertraline augmentation on alcohol use (at endpoint and 6- and 12-month follow-up), as measured by the number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days, drinks per drinking day, and the number of participants abstinent from alcohol in the prior 7 days. Low quality evidence from this RCT (N=69) suggests a trend for higher discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events) associated with placebo relative to sertraline augmentation, however these effects are not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt115" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=140–153) suggests non-significant differences between an SSRI (sertraline or paroxetine) and mirtazapine for clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology, the rate of response, and depression symptoms, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. There was no evidence for self-rated PTSD symptomatology. Evidence from these same 2 RCTs suggests a trend for higher discontinuation (for any reason and due to adverse events) with mirtazapine, relative to an SSRI, however effects are not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt116" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality single-RCT (N=195) evidence suggests small but statistically significant benefits of sertraline in addition to trauma-focused CBT relative to venlafaxine in addition to trauma-focused CBT on improving functional impairment and quality of life in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Moderate quality evidence from this same RCT also suggests a trend (that just misses statistical significance) for less discontinuation (for any reason) associated with sertraline relative to venlafaxine augmentation. However, non-significant differences were observed for self-rated PTSD symptomatology, anxiety or depression symptoms.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt117" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=80) suggests a clinically important benefit, that just misses statistical significance, of sertraline relative to nefazodone on improving clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. However, low to very low quality evidence from 1 of these RCTs (N=26) suggests non-significant differences for self-rated PTSD symptomatology, anxiety or depression symptoms, functional impairment, sleeping difficulties, or discontinuation due to adverse events. Very low quality evidence from both RCTs (N=97) suggests a trend for higher discontinuation due to any reason associated with nefazodone but this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt118" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality single-RCT (N=73) evidence suggests non-significant differences between fluoxetine and moclobemide for clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology and the rate of response in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Evidence from this same RCT suggests a trend for a higher rate of discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events) associated with fluoxetine relative to moclobemide, however these effects are not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt119" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality single-RCT (N=68) evidence suggests non-significant differences between fluoxetine and tianeptine for clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology, the rate of response or discontinuation due to any reason, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Evidence from this same RCT suggests a trend for a higher rate of discontinuation due to adverse events associated with fluoxetine relative to tianeptine, however this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt120" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low to low quality single-RCT (N=28–40) evidence suggests clinically important but not statistically significant benefits of fluvoxamine relative to reboxetine on clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology and discontinuation due to any reason in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low quality evidence from this same RCT suggests non-significant differences between fluvoxamine and reboxetine for anxiety or depression symptoms.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt121" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (N=322) suggests a clinically important benefit that just misses statistical significance of maintenance treatment with SSRIs relative to placebo for preventing relapse in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low to low quality evidence from 1–3 of these RCTs (N=84–322) also suggests large and statistically significant benefits of maintenance SSRI treatment on improving depression symptoms and quality of life, and less discontinuation due to any reason. However, very low quality evidence from 1–2 of these RCTs (N=129–211) suggests no significant effect of maintenance SSRI treatment on improving PTSD symptomatology (self-rated or clinician-rated). Very low quality evidence from 2 of these RCTs (N=146) suggests a trend for higher discontinuation due to adverse events associated with maintenance SSRI treatment relative to placebo, however this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.7.2"><h5>TCAs</h5><ul id="ch6.l33"><li id="ch6.lt122" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=74–87) suggests moderate and statistically significant benefits of a TCA (amitriptyline or imipramine) relative to placebo on improving self-rated PTSD symptomatology, the rate of response and depression symptoms, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. However, low to very low quality evidence from 1–2 of these RCTs (N=33–74) suggests non-significant effects of a TCA on clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology or anxiety symptoms. Very low quality evidence from 1–2 of these RCTs (N=41–87) suggests non-significant effects on discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events).</div></li><li id="ch6.lt123" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low to low quality single-RCT (N=42–50) evidence suggests a moderate and statistically significant benefit of amitriptyline relative to paroxetine on improving clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology, and clinically important (but not statistically significant) benefits of amitriptyline on the rate of response and anxiety symptoms, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low quality evidence from this same RCT suggests a non-significant difference for depression symptoms. There was no evidence for self-rated PTSD symptomatology. Evidence from this RCT suggests a trend for higher discontinuation (for any reason and due to adverse events) with amitriptyline, relative to paroxetine, however effects are not statistically significant.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.7.3"><h5>MAOIs</h5><ul id="ch6.l34"><li id="ch6.lt124" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low to very low quality single-RCT (N=37) evidence suggests large and statistically significant benefits of phenelzine relative to placebo on improving self-rated PTSD symptomatology and the rate of response in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Low to very low quality evidence from the same RCT suggests a clinically important but not statistically significant benefit of phenelzine on anxiety symptoms, but non-significant effect on depression symptoms. Low to very low quality evidence from another single RCT (N=45) suggests clinically important but not statistically significant benefits of brofaromine relative to placebo on improving clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology and the rate of remission. Very low quality evidence from 1–2 of these RCTs (N=37–103) suggests a trend for higher discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events) associated with placebo relative to an MAOI, however these effects are not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt125" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low to very low quality single-RCT (N=42) evidence suggests non-significant differences between phenelzine and imipramine on self-rated PTSD symptomatology, the rate of response, anxiety and depression symptoms, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low to low quality evidence from this same RCT suggests a trend for higher discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events) associated with imipramine relative to phenelzine, however these effects are not statistically significant</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.7.4"><h5>SNRIs</h5><ul id="ch6.l35"><li id="ch6.lt126" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low to moderate quality evidence from 1–2 RCTs (N=358–687) suggests small-to-moderate and statistically significant benefits of venlafaxine relative to placebo on improving PTSD symptomatology (self-rated and clinician-rated), the rate of remission, depression symptoms, functional impairment, global functioning and quality of life, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low to low quality evidence from both RCTs (N=687) suggests non-significant effects of venlafaxine on discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events).</div></li><li id="ch6.lt127" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality single-RCT (N=352) evidence suggests a small but statistically significant benefit of venlafaxine relative to sertraline on improving self-rated PTSD symptomatology in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. However, very low to low quality evidence from this same RCT suggests non-significant differences for clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology, remission, depression symptoms, functional impairment, global functioning, quality of life, or discontinuation due to any reason. Evidence from this RCT suggests a trend for higher discontinuation due to adverse events with sertraline relative to venlafaxine, however, this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.7.5"><h5>Other antidepressant drugs</h5><ul id="ch6.l36"><li id="ch6.lt128" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality single-RCT (N=41–42) evidence suggests non-significant effects of nefazodone relative to placebo on PTSD symptomatology (self-rated or clinician-rated), the rate of response, depression symptoms, dissociative symptoms or discontinuation due to any reason, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Evidence from this same RCT suggests a trend for higher discontinuation due to adverse events with nefazodone, however, this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt129" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality single-RCT (N=28) evidence suggests non-significant effects of bupropion (in addition to TAU) relative to placebo (in addition to TAU) on self-rated PTSD symptomatology or depression symptoms, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. No evidence on discontinuation is available.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt130" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality single-RCT (N=65) evidence suggests non-significant effects of moclobemide relative to tianeptine on clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology and the rate of response in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Evidence from this same RCT suggests a higher rate of discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events) associated with tianeptine relative to moclobemide, however these effects are not statistically significant.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.7.6"><h5>Anticonvulsants</h5><ul id="ch6.l37"><li id="ch6.lt131" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low to low quality evidence from 1–3 RCTs (N=35–136) suggests moderate-to-large benefits, that just miss statistical significance, of topiramate relative to placebo on improving PTSD symptomatology (self-rated and clinician-rated) and the rate of response in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low quality evidence from 1–2 of these RCTs (N=38–69) suggests neither clinically important nor statistically significant effects of topiramate on anxiety or depression symptoms or functional impairment. Low quality evidence from all 3 of these RCTs (N=142) suggests a trend for higher discontinuation due to adverse events with topiramate relative to placebo, although this effect is not statistically significant. A non-significant effect was observed on discontinuation for any reason.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt132" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality single-RCT (N=82) evidence suggests non-significant effects of divalproex relative to placebo on clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology, anxiety or depression symptoms, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low quality evidence from this same RCT (N=85) suggests a trend for higher discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events) with divalproex relative to placebo, however effects were not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt133" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low to low quality single-RCT (N=202–232) evidence suggests non-significant effects of tiagabine relative to placebo on clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology, the rate of response or remission, depression symptoms, functional impairment, or discontinuation due to adverse events, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Low quality evidence from this same RCT (N=232) suggests there might be less discontinuation due to any reason associated with tiagabine relative to placebo, however this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt134" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality single-RCT (N=37) evidence suggests a moderate-to-large and statistically significant benefit of augmenting routine medications with pregbalin relative to placebo on improving self-rated PTSD symptomatology in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. However, moderate to low quality evidence from this same RCT suggests non-significant effects of pregbalin augmentation on anxiety or depression symptoms, or quality of life. No participants discontinued from this trial.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.7.7"><h5>Antipsychotics</h5><ul id="ch6.l38"><li id="ch6.lt135" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2–3 RCTs (N=108–355) suggests moderate-to-large and statistically significant benefits of antipsychotic monotherapy relative to placebo on improving PTSD symptomatology (self-rated and clinician-rated) and depression symptoms in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low to low quality evidence from 2 of these RCTs (N=327–376) also suggests a small and statistically significant benefit on improving sleeping difficulties, and clinically important but not statistically significant benefits on anxiety symptoms and discontinuation due to any reason. Very low to low quality single-RCT (N=28) evidence also suggests clinically important and statistically significant benefits of antipsychotic monotherapy on the rate of remission and response and on improving functional impairment. Low quality single-RCT (N=247) evidence suggests a non-significant effect on quality of life. Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=376) suggests higher discontinuation due to adverse events associated with antipsychotic monotherapy, however this effect is not statistically significant. Sub-analysis of the clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology outcome by CAPS subscale revealed no significant subgroup difference. Sub-analysis by multiplicity of trauma was only meaningful (>1 study per subgroup) for clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology and revealed no significant subgroup difference. Sub-analysis by specific drug was not meaningful as there was only 1 study in each subgroup.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt136" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=66–72) suggests moderate and statistically significant benefits of augmenting routine medications with an antipsychotic, relative to placebo, on improving clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology and anxiety symptoms in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=95) also suggests a clinically important but not statistically significant benefit of antipsychotic augmentation on the rate of response. Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=66–95) suggests non-significant effects of antipsychotic augmentation on depression symptoms and discontinuation due to adverse events. Very low quality single-RCT (N=65) evidence suggests a trend for a higher rate of discontinuation due to any reason associated with antipsychotic augmentation, however this effect is not statistically significant. Sub-analysis of the clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology outcome by CAPS subscale revealed no significant subgroup difference. Sub-analyses by multiplicity of trauma or specific drug were not meaningful as there was only 1 study in each subgroup.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.7.8"><h5>Benzodiazepines</h5><ul id="ch6.l39"><li id="ch6.lt137" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate to low quality single-RCT (N=103) evidence suggests non-significant effects of augmenting virtual reality exposure therapy with alprazolam, relative to placebo, on self-rated PTSD symptomatology and remission (at endpoint, and 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups) and on discontinuation due to any reason, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Low quality evidence from the same RCT suggests a moderate and statistically significant effect in favour of placebo relative to alprazolam augmentation on clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, effects at endpoint and 1-year follow-up are non-significant. No evidence is available for discontinuation due to adverse events.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt138" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low to moderate quality single-RCT (N=103) evidence suggests no significant difference between augmenting virtual reality exposure therapy with alprazolam relative to d-cycloserine on PTSD symptomatology (self-rated or clinician-rated) or remission (at endpoint, and 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups) in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Moderate quality evidence from this same RCT suggests a higher rate of discontinuation for any reason may be associated with d-cycloserine relative to alprazolam, however this effect is not statistically significant. No evidence is available for discontinuation due to adverse events.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.7.9"><h5>Other drugs</h5><ul id="ch6.l40"><li id="ch6.lt139" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality single-RCT (N=34) evidence suggests a clinically important and statistically significant benefit of prazosin (in addition to TAU) relative to placebo (in addition to TAU) on the rate of response in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low quality evidence from 4 RCTs (N=480) also suggests a clinically important benefit that just misses statistical significance of prazosin (alone or in addition to TAU) on improving clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology. However, very low to moderate quality evidence from 1–4 of these RCTs (N=284–508) suggests neither clinically important nor statistically significant effects on self-rated PTSD symptomatology, depression symptoms, sleeping difficulties, quality of life, or discontinuation due to any reason. Moderate quality single-RCT (N=96) evidence suggests a clinically important but not statistically significant benefit of prazosin on the number of participants abstinent from alcohol during the trial, however, very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=380) suggests a clinically important but not statistically significant harm on continuous measures of alcohol craving or consumption. Low quality evidence from all 4 RCTs (N=508) suggests a trend for a higher rate of discontinuation due to adverse events associated with prazosin, however this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt140" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality single-RCT (N=67) evidence suggests a large and statistically significant benefit of prazosin relative to hydroxyzine on improving sleeping difficulties in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. However, low quality evidence from this same RCT suggests no significant difference between prazosin and hydroxyzine on clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology. Low quality evidence from this RCT (N=69) suggests a trend for a higher rate of discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events) associated with prazosin relative to hydroxyzine, however these effects are not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt141" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low to moderate quality single-RCT (N=67) evidence suggests large and statistically significant benefits of hydroxyzine relative to placebo on improving clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology and sleeping difficulties in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. No participants discontinued from this trial.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt142" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality single-RCT (N=24) evidence suggests a large and statistically significant benefit of eszopiclone relative to placebo on improving clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Very low quality evidence from this same RCT (N=27) also suggests less discontinuation due to any reason associated with eszopiclone relative to placebo, however this effect is not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt143" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality single-RCT (N=40) evidence suggests a non-significant effect of augmenting routine medications with propranolol relative to placebo on self-rated PTSD symptomatology in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. No evidence was available for any other outcomes.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt144" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality single-RCT (N=24) evidence suggests a non-significant effect of augmenting routine medications with rivastigmine relative to placebo on self-rated PTSD symptomatology in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. No evidence was available for any other outcomes.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt145" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low to moderate quality single-RCT (N=53) evidence suggests non-significant effects of augmenting routine medications with guanfacine relative to placebo on PTSD symptomatology (self-rated or clinician-rated), depression symptoms, quality of life or sleeping difficulties, in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. Low quality evidence from this same RCT (N=63) suggests a trend for a higher rate of discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events) associated with guanfacine augmentation, however these effects are not statistically significant.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt146" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality single-RCT (N=67) evidence suggests clinically important and statistically significant benefits of augmenting exposure therapy with d-cycloserine, relative to placebo, on the rate of response and improving anxiety symptoms in adults with PTSD over 3 months after trauma. However, evidence from this same RCT suggests benefits are not maintained at 3-month follow-up, and effects on depression symptoms are non-significant at both endpoint and 3-month follow-up. Furthermore, moderate to very low quality evidence from 1–4 RCTs (N=67–224) suggests non-significant effects of d-cycloserine augmentation on self-rated and clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology, remission (at endpoint, and 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups) and discontinuation (due to any reason or adverse events).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.8"><h4>Economic evidence statements</h4><div id="ch6.s1.2.8.1"><h5>SSRIs</h5><ul id="ch6.l41"><li id="ch6.lt147" class="half_rhythm"><div>Evidence from 1 Australian model-based economic study suggests that SSRIs are likely to be cost-effective for the treatment of PTSD in adults compared with pharmacological treatment as usual. This evidence is partially applicable to the UK context and is characterised by potentially serious limitations.</div></li><li id="ch6.lt148" class="half_rhythm"><div>Evidence from the guideline economic analysis suggests that SSRIs are likely to be cost-effective versus no treatment for the treatment of adults with clinically important PTSD symptoms 3 months after trauma. However, they appear to be less cost-effective than psychological interventions such as EMDR, brief individual trauma-focused CBT and self-help with support. The evidence is directly applicable to the UK context and is characterised by minor limitations.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.9"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch6.s1.2.9.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch6.s1.2.9.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>Critical outcomes were measures of PTSD symptom improvement on validated scales, remission (as defined as a loss of diagnosis or scoring below threshold on a validated scale), and response (as measured by an agreed percentage improvement in symptoms and/or by a dichotomous rating of much or very much improved). Attrition from treatment (for any reason) was also considered an important outcome as a proxy for the acceptability of treatment, and discontinuation due to adverse events was considered as particularly important as an indicator of potential harm in terms of tolerability. The committee considered dissociative symptoms, personal/social/occupational functioning (including global functioning/functional impairment, sleeping or relationship difficulties, and quality of life), and symptoms of a coexisting condition (including anxiety and depression symptoms) as important but not critical outcomes. This distinction was based on the primacy of targeting the core PTSD symptoms, whilst acknowledging that broader symptom measures may be indicators of a general pattern of effect. Change scores were favoured over final scores as although in theory randomisation should balance out any differences at baseline, this assumption can be violated by small sample sizes. The committee also expressed a general preference for self-rated PTSD symptomatology, particularly for pharmacological interventions where the participant is likely to be blinded and may be less susceptible to bias than the study investigator(s). However, the committee discussed potential threats to blinding of the participant, for example in the context of side effects, and therefore triangulation with blinded clinician-rated outcome measures was also regarded as important.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.9.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>With the exception of a few outcomes of moderate quality, all the evidence reviewed was of very low or low quality, reflecting the high risk of bias associated with the studies (including for instance, lack of/unclear blinding of outcome assessment), the small numbers in many trials and the imprecision of many of the results (in terms of both the width of the confidence intervals and the failure to meet the optimal information size), and the risk of publication bias due to funding from pharmaceutical companies. Moreover, there is very little follow-up data available meaning that the evidence pertains only to short-term effects.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.9.1.3"><h5>Consideration of clinical benefits and harms</h5><p>When developing the recommendations, the committee considered a number of factors including the relative strength of the evidence, the preference that service users may have for medication (or psychological interventions) and the adverse effects of medication.</p><p>The committee considered the short term and long-term harms associated with the side effects of medication including for the SSRIs drowsiness, nausea, insomnia, agitation, restlessness and sexual problems, for venlafaxine discontinuation symptoms, and for the antipsychotics concerns with weight gain and hyperlipidaemia and raised blood glucose. The committee took these factors into account in developing the recommendations, but were also mindful of the negative consequences of prolonged PTSD and associated symptoms, the potential to ameliorate functional impairment, and the need to facilitate patient choice where there is a clear preference for medication over psychological interventions. The committee agreed that the benefits of pharmacological interventions for symptom management could be outweighed by the potential harms.</p><p>The committee discussed the strength of the evidence for SSRIs in terms of the number of RCTs and participants, the triangulation of effects on PTSD symptomatology across self-rated and clinician-rated measures, and benefits on other important outcomes (including depression symptoms, dissociative symptoms, functional impairment/global functioning, and quality of life). Conversely, the size of effects are small (in most cases falling below the threshold for clinical importance), there is no follow-up data, and there is evidence for harm as measured by discontinuation due to adverse events. Taken together, the committee regarded the consistency of the benefits to warrant a recommendation for those who have a preference for medication over psychological interventions, however, based on the effect sizes and limitations of the evidence a ‘consider’ rather than ‘offer’ recommendation was regarded as appropriate. The committee considered the evidence on the effectiveness of different SSRIs. There is no evidence for significant differential efficacy of specific SSRIs (sertraline, fluoxetine and paroxetine), so the committee decided not to recommend specific drugs and agreed that individual prescribers should be able to decide which SSRI to use. However, the committee agreed that it would be helpful to include sertraline as an example because it is one of two drugs licensed in the UK for this indication and the other drug, paroxetine, is likely to be associated with discontinuation symptoms. The committee felt it was important that SSRIs were not considered as a first-line treatment for PTSD (except where a person expresses a preference for drug treatment) due to concern about side effects of SSRIs, evidence from the guideline NMA that suggests relatively larger effect sizes for all psychological interventions recommended relative to SSRIs (trauma-focused CBT, EMDR, non-trauma-focused CBT and self-help with support), and evidence from the guideline economic modelling that suggests that SSRIs are less cost-effective than EMDR, brief individual trauma-focused CBT or self-help with support.</p><p>The evidence suggests benefits of venlafaxine on PTSD outcomes (both self-rated and clinician-rated) and on other important outcomes (including depression symptoms, functional impairment/global functioning, and quality of life). In discussing the relative merits of SSRIs and venlafaxine, the committee noted that the evidence was weaker for venlafaxine than for SSRIs in terms of the number of RCTs and no evidence is available for direct or indirect comparisons of venlafaxine relative to psychological interventions. Conversely, the effect sizes are slightly larger for venlafaxine relative to SSRIs, there is no evidence for harm for venlafaxine (as measured by discontinuation due to adverse events), and there is limited evidence suggesting a small but statistically significant benefit of venlafaxine relative to sertraline. Taken together, the committee agreed that it was appropriate to offer a straight choice between SSRIs and venlafaxine, and given that the evidence for venlafaxine shares the same limitations as for SSRIs in terms of the lack of follow-up and modest effect sizes, a ‘consider’ recommendation was also appropriate here.</p><p>The committee discussed the evidence for antipsychotics that shows benefits (as monotherapy or augmentation of routine medications) on PTSD outcomes and associated symptoms (including anxiety and depression symptoms, functional impairment, and sleeping difficulties). The committee discussed whether benefits were limited to certain PTSD symptom domains, for instance effects on hyperarousal in the context of potentially sedative effects. However, examination of the sub-analysis of clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology by CAPS subscale did not reveal statistically significant differences between effects on re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, or hyperarousal symptom domains. Based on limitations in the evidence, including a smaller number of RCTs than SSRIs or recommended psychological interventions, the restricted depth and breadth of evidence (for instance, no direct or indirect comparisons of antipsychotics relative to SSRIs or psychological interventions) and the lack of follow-up data, the committee agreed that a ‘consider’ rather than ‘offer’ recommendation was appropriate. The committee did not believe that antipsychotics should be considered as a first-line treatment for PTSD and recommended that they should only be considered as an adjunct to psychological therapies and only where symptoms have not responded to other drug or psychological treatments. The committee agreed that antipsychotics may be useful for symptom management where a person is experiencing significant functional impairment that may inhibit engagement with psychological treatment that targets core PTSD symptoms. The committee discussed whether people with PTSD who require symptom management with antipsychotics could be safely and effectively cared for within primary care services, and agreed that due to concerns about tolerability, antipsychotics should only be initiated in specialist services or after consultation with a specialist, and this treatment should be subject to regular specialist review.</p><p>Given the considerable evidence for psychological interventions and SSRIs, the committee considered it appropriate to set a relatively high bar for other interventions. There was limited evidence for neither significant benefits nor harms of mirtazapine (relative to SSRIs), SSRI augmentation of trauma-focused CBT (relative to trauma-focused CBT alone or with placebo), SSRIs as maintenance treatment for relapse prevention, nefazodone, bupropion, topiramate, divalproex, tiagabine, or augmentation of routine medications with propranolol, rivastigmine or guanfacine. For some interventions (such as TCAs, non-trauma-focused CBT augmentation with sertraline, trauma-focused CBT augmentation with d-cycloserine, augmentation of routine medications with pregbalin or prazosin, or treatment with phenelzine, eszopiclone or hydroxyzine alone), there is limited evidence for efficacy but the evidence base was considered too small to be confident that the benefits observed are true effects and thus a recommendation could not be supported. Finally, the committee discussed the evidence for alprazolam augmentation of virtual reality exposure therapy which shows non-significant benefit and potential harm in terms of less improvement in clinician-rated PTSD symptomatology. The committee discussed whether a negative recommendation should be made on the basis of this evidence and agreed that a negative recommendation was not appropriate given the weakness of the evidence base (a single RCT), and the fact that the negative effect is driven by greater improvement in the placebo arm but participants receiving alprazolam also showed improvement albeit to a lesser extent.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.9.1.4"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>Existing economic evidence suggested that SSRIs are cost-effective compared with pharmacological treatment as usual in adults with PTSD. The committee took this evidence into account but noted that this is only partially applicable to the UK and is characterised by potentially serious limitations. The committee also considered the results of the guideline base-case economic analysis of psychological interventions for the treatment of adults with clinically important PTSD symptoms, which included SSRIs as a treatment option. The analysis was overall characterised by minor limitations and its results were directly applicable to the NICE decision-making context, so the committee was confident to use its findings to support recommendations. The committee noted that, according to the results, SSRIs were less cost-effective than psychological interventions such as EMDR, brief individual trauma-focused CBT and self-help with support, but more cost-effective than other interventions such as IPT, counselling, non-trauma-focused CBT, present-cantered therapy and no treatment. The committee therefore decided to recommend more cost-effective psychological interventions as first-line treatment options, but also make a ‘consider’ recommendation for SSRIs as an option for people who have a preference for pharmacological treatment.</p><p>The committee noted the lack of economic evidence on venlafaxine, but took into account that effect sizes for venlafaxine were a little larger than for SSRIs and also that both venlafaxine and SSRIs are available in generic form and therefore their acquisition costs are low and not very different. Consequently, the committee concluded that venlafaxine was likely to be similarly cost-effective to SSRIs, which supported a ‘consider’ recommendation for venlafaxine as another pharmacological option for people who have a preference for pharmacological treatment.</p><p>The committee noted the lack of economic evidence on antipsychotics. They considered the effectiveness of antipsychotics in improving PTSD symptoms and the fact that they are available in generic form, and therefore their acquisition cost is low. On the other hand, they noted that people taking antipsychotics need to be treated by specialists and to have regular reviews and they acknowledged that this increases total antipsychotic treatment costs. Moreover, use of antipsychotics is associated with the development of side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms and metabolic syndrome, the management of which incurs extra costs. Nevertheless, the committee expressed the view that the overall benefits for people with PTSD who would be suitable to receive antipsychotics would overweigh the costs associated with treatment and decided to make a ‘consider’ recommendation for antipsychotics, adjunct to psychological therapies, for symptom management of adults with PTSD who have not responded to other pharmacological or psychological treatment and who have disabling symptoms and behaviours. This recommendation is expected to entail modest resource implications as it is relevant to a sub-group of adults with PTSD. The committee expressed the view that restricting the recommendation for initiation and regular review of antipsychotics only by specialists is likely to reduce variation in the way antipsychotics are used in current practice. As regular review of antipsychotics is essential but might not be happening currently, this should also improve consistency across settings.</p><p>Overall, the committee anticipated that the recommendations on pharmacological interventions for the treatment of PTSD in adults will result in a small change in practice, as in the previous guideline pharmacological treatment was recommended as an option to be considered only for adults who could not start psychological therapy, did not want to start trauma-focused psychological therapy or who had gained little or no benefit from a course of trauma-focused psychological therapy.</p><p>The committee noted that only paroxetine and sertraline are currently licensed for the treatment of PTSD in the UK so the recommendations involve off-licence use.</p></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.9.1.5"><h5>Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>The service user representatives on the committee drew attention to the importance of side effect profiles of different interventions, and commented that pharmacological interventions, and particularly polypharmacy, can be re-traumatising due to their sedating effect. The committee discussed the impact of this experience on the power dynamics within a patient-clinician relationship. They also noted that different groups, such as younger adults and ex-military may be more susceptible to coercion. The committee noted that there is a tendency to use pharmacological interventions where the trauma is seen to be greater, or more complex, however in these instances they discussed the fact that it may be least helpful, and even counterproductive, to use these treatments at that point.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.rl.r1"><h4>References for included studies</h4><ul class="simple-list"><div id="ch6.s1.2.rl.r1.1"><h5>SSRI</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref10"><p id="p-3816">
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<strong>Brady 2000</strong>
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</p>Brady
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K, Pearlstein
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T, Asnis
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GM, et al. (2000) Efficacy and safety of sertraline treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA
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283(14), 1837–44 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10770145" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10770145</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref11"><p id="p-3817">
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<strong>Buhmann 2016</strong>
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</p>Buhmann
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CB, Nordentoft
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M, Ekstroem
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M, et al. (2016) The effect of flexible cognitive–behavioural therapy and medical treatment, including antidepressants on post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in traumatised refugees: pragmatic randomised controlled clinical trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry
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208(3), 252–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26541687" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26541687</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref12"><p id="p-3818">
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<strong>Celik 2011</strong>
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</p>Celik
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C, Ozdemir
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B, Ozmenler
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KN, et al. (2011) Efficacy of paroxetine and amitriptyline in posttraumatic stress disorder: an open-label comparative study. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology
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21(3), 179–85</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref13"><p id="p-3819">
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<strong>Chung 2004/2005</strong>
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</p>Chung
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MY, Min
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KH, Jun
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YJ, et al. (2004) Efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine and sertraline in Korean veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized open label trial. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental
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19(7), 489–94 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15378676" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15378676</span></a>]<br />Chung
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MY, Min
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KH, Jun
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YJ, et al. (2005) Efficacy and Tolerability of Mirtazapine and Sertraline in Treatment of Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with Depression: A Randomized Open Label Trial. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association
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44(2), 165–75</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref15"><p id="p-3820">
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<strong>Connor 1999b</strong>
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</p>Connor
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KM, Sutherland
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SM, Tupler
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L A, et al. (1999) Fluoxetine in post-traumatic stress disorder. Randomised, double-blind study. British Journal of Psychiatry
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175, 17–22 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10621763" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10621763</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref16"><p id="p-3821">
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<strong>Davidson 2001a</strong>
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</p>Davidson
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J, Pearlstein
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T, Londborg
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P, et al. (2001) Efficacy of sertraline in preventing relapse of posttraumatic stress disorder: Results of a 28-week doubleblind, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Psychiatry
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|
158, 1974–1981 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11729012" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11729012</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref17"><p id="p-3822">
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|
<strong>Davidson 2001b</strong>
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</p>Davidson
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JR, Rothbaum
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BO, Van der Kolk
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BA, et al. (2001) Multicenter, double-blind comparison of sertraline and placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry
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58, 485–492 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11343529" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11343529</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref18"><p id="p-3823">
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|
<strong>Davidson 2004a</strong>
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</p>Davidson
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JR (2004) Remission in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): effects of sertraline as assessed by the Davidson Trauma Scale, Clinical Global Impressions and the Clinician-Administered PTSD scale. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol
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19, 85–87 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15076016" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15076016</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref19"><p id="p-3824">
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<strong>Davidson 2005a</strong>
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|
</p>Davidson
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JR, Connor
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KM, Hertzberg
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MA, et al. (2005) Maintenance therapy with fluoxetine in posttraumatic stress disorder: a placebo-controlled discontinuation study. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
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25(2), 166–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15738748" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15738748</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref20"><p id="p-3825">
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<strong>Davidson 2006b/Davidson unpublished</strong>
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</p>Davidson
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J, Rothbaum
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BO, Tucker
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P, et al. (2006) Venlafaxine extended release in posttraumatic stress disorder: a sertraline-and placebo-controlled study. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
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26(3), 259–67 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16702890" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16702890</span></a>]<br />Davidson
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J, Lipschitz
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A and Musgnung
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JJ (unpublished) Venlafaxine XR and sertraline in posttraumatic stress disorder: a placebo-controlled study. Extracted from 2004 guideline. Available from: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg26/evidence" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/cg26/evidence</a> [accessed 18.01.17]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref22"><p id="p-3826">
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<strong>Friedman 2007</strong>
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</p>Friedman
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MJ, Marmar
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CR, Baker
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DG, et al. (2007) Randomized, double-blind comparison of sertraline and placebo for posttraumatic stress disorder in a Department of Veterans Affairs setting. The Journal of clinical psychiatry
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68(5), 711–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17503980" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17503980</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref23"><p id="p-3827">
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<strong>GSK 29060 627</strong>
|
|
</p>GSK 29060 627. A 12-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Assess the Efficacy and Tolerability of Paroxetine in Patients Suffering from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="http://www.gsk-clinicalstudyregister.com/study/29060/627#rs" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gsk-clinicalstudyregister<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.com/study/29060/627#rs</a> [accessed 09.02.17]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref24"><p id="p-3828">
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|
<strong>Hien 2015/Ruglass 2015</strong>
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</p>Hien
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DA, Levin
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FR, Ruglass
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LM, et al. (2015) Combining seeking safety with sertraline for PTSD and alcohol use disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology
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83(2), 359 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4380540/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4380540</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25622199" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25622199</span></a>]<br />Ruglass
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LM, Pedersen
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A, Cheref
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S, et al. (2015) Racial differences in adherence and response to combined treatment for full and subthreshold post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders: A secondary analysis. Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse, 1–5 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5581661/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5581661</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26422415" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26422415</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref26"><p id="p-3829">
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<strong>Li 2017</strong>
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</p>Li
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W, Ma
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YB, Yang
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Q, et al. (2017) Effect and safety of sertraline for treat posttraumatic stress disorder: a multicenter randomised controlled study. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice
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21(2), 151–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28266242" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28266242</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref27"><p id="p-3830">
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<strong>Marshall 2001</strong>
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</p>Marshall
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RD, Beebe
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KL, Oldham
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M and Zaninelli
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R (2001) Efficacy and safety of paroxetine treatment for chronic PTSD: a fixed-dose, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Psychiatry
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158, 1982–1988 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11729013" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11729013</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref28"><p id="p-3831">
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<strong>Marshall 2007</strong>
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</p>Marshall
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RD, Lewis-Fernandez
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R, Blanco
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C, et al. (2007) A controlled trial of paroxetine for chronic PTSD, dissociation, and interpersonal problems in mostly minority adults. Depression and anxiety
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24(2), 77–84 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16892419" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16892419</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref29"><p id="p-3832">
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<strong>Martenyi 2002a</strong>
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</p>Martenyi
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F, Brown
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EB, Zhang
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H, et al. (2002) Fluoxetine versus placebo in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
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63, 199–206 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11926718" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11926718</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref30"><p id="p-3833">
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<strong>Martenyi 2007</strong>
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</p>Martenyi
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F, Brown
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EB and Caldwell
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CD. (2007) Failed efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: results of a fixed-dose, placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol
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27(2), 166–170 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17414240" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17414240</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref31"><p id="p-3834">
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<strong>McRae 2004</strong>
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</p>McRae
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AL, Brady
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KT, Mellman
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TA, et al. (2004) Comparison of nefazodone and sertraline for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress. Anxiety
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19, 190–196 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15129422" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15129422</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref32"><p id="p-3835">
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<strong>Onder 2006</strong>
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</p>Önder
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E, Tural
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Ü and Aker
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T (2006) A comparative study of fluoxetine, moclobemide, and tianeptine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following an earthquake. European psychiatry
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21(3), 174–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15964747" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15964747</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref33"><p id="p-3836">
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<strong>Panahi 2011</strong>
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</p>Panahi
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Y, Moghaddam
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BR, Sahebkar
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A, et al. (2011) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the efficacy and tolerability of sertraline in Iranian veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological medicine
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41(10), 2159–66 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21349225" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21349225</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref34"><p id="p-3837">
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<strong>Pfizer 588</strong>
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</p>Pfizer (unpublished) 12 week, double-blind comparison of flexible doses of Lustral (sertraline) versus placebo (primarily female physical/sexual assualt population). Extracted from 2004 guideline. Available from: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg26/evidence" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/cg26/evidence</a> [accessed 18.01.17]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref35"><p id="p-3838">
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<strong>Pfizer 589</strong>
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</p>Pfizer (unpublished) 12 week, double-blind comparison of flexible doses of Lustral (sertraline) versus placebo (primarily male veteran population). Extracted from 2004 guideline. Available from: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg26/evidence" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/cg26/evidence</a> [accessed 18.01.17]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref36"><p id="p-3839">
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<strong>Popiel 2015</strong>
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</p>Popiel
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B, Pragłowska
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<strong>Saygin 2002</strong>
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</p>Saygin
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MZ, Sungur
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MZ, Sabol
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EU and Cetinkaya
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P (2002) Nefazodone versus sertraline in treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Buelteni
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12, 1–5</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref38"><p id="p-3841">
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<strong>Schneier 2012</strong>
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</p>Schneier
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FR, Neria
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Y, Pavlicova
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M, et al. (2012) Combined prolonged exposure therapy and paroxetine for PTSD related to the World Trade Center attack: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3606709/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3606709</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21908494" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21908494</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref39"><p id="p-3842">
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<strong>Seo 2010</strong>
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</p>Seo
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HJ, Jung
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YE, Bahk
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WM, et al. (2010) A comparison of mirtazapine and paroxetine for the treatment of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized open-label trial. Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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8(2), 84–9</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref40"><p id="p-3843">
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<strong>SKB627</strong>
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</p>Bryson
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H, Lawrinson
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S, Edwards
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GJ and Grotzinger
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KM (unpublished) A 12 week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in patients suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref41"><p id="p-3844">
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|
<strong>SKB650</strong>
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</p>Bryson
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H, Lawrinson
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|
S, Edwards
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GJ and Grotzinger
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KM (unpublished) A 12 week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in patients suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref42"><p id="p-3845">
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<strong>Sonne 2016</strong>
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</p>Bryson
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H, Dillingham
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KE and Jeffery
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PJ (unpublished) A study of the maintained efficacy and safety of paroxetine versus placebo in the long-term treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref43"><p id="p-3846">
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<strong>Spivak 2006</strong>
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</p>Spivak
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B, Strous
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RD, Shaked
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G, et al. (2006) Reboxetine versus fluvoxamine in the treatment of motor vehicle accident-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a double-blind, fixed-dosage, controlled trial. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
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<strong>Tucker 2001</strong>
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</p>Tucker
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P, Zaninelli
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R, Yehuda
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R, et al. (2001) Paroxetine in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: results of a placebo-controlled, flexibledosage trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
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62, 860–868 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11775045" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11775045</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref45"><p id="p-3848">
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<strong>Tucker 2003/2004</strong>
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</p>Tucker
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P, Potter-Kimball
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R, Wyatt
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DB, et al. (2003) Can physiologic assessment and side effects tease out differences in PTSD trials? A double-blind comparison of citalopram, sertraline, and placebo. General Psychopharmacology
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37(3), 135–49 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14608246" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14608246</span></a>]<br />Tucker
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P, Ruwe
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WD, Masters
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B, et al. (2004) Neuroimmune and cortisol changes in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and placebo treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological psychiatry
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56(2), 121–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15231444" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15231444</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref47"><p id="p-3849">
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<strong>van der Kolk 2007</strong>
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</p>Van der Kolk
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B, Spinazzola
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J, Blaustein
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M, et al. (2007) A randomized clinical trial of EMDR, fluoxetine and pill placebo in the treatment of PTSD: Treatment effects and long-term maintenance. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
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68(1), 37–46 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17284128" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17284128</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref48"><p id="p-3850">
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<strong>Zohar 2002</strong>
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</p>Zohar
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J, Amital
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D, Miodownik
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C, et al. (2002) Double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of sertraline in military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
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22, 190–195 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11910265" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11910265</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.rl.r1.2"><h5>TCA</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref49"><p id="p-3851">
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<strong>Davidson 1990</strong>
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</p>Davidson
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J, Kudler
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H, Smith
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R, et al. (1990) Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with amitriptyline and placebo. Archives of General Psychiatry
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47, 259–266 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2407208" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2407208</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref50"><p id="p-3852">
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<strong>Kosten 1991</strong>
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</p>Kosten
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TR, Frank
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JB, Dan
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E, et al. (1991) Pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder using phenelzine or imipramine. The Journal of nervous and mental disease
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179(6), 366–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2051152" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2051152</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.rl.r1.3"><h5>SNRI</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref51"><p id="p-3853">
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<strong>Davidson 2006a/2008/2012</strong>
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</p>Davidson
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J, Baldwin
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D, Stein
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DJ, et al. (2006) Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with venlafaxine extended release: a 6-month randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry
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63(10), 1158–65 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17015818" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17015818</span></a>]<br />Davidson
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J, Baldwin
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DS, Stein
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DJ, et al. (2008) Effects of venlafaxine extended release on resilience in posttraumatic stress disorder: an item analysis of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. International clinical psychopharmacology
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23(5), 299–303 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18703940" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18703940</span></a>]<br />Davidson
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J, Stein
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DJ, Rothbaum
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BO, et al. (2012) Resilience as a predictor of treatment response in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder treated with venlafaxine extended release or placebo. Journal of Psychopharmacology
|
|
26(6), 778–83 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21926426" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21926426</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref54"><p id="p-3854">
|
|
<strong>Davidson 2006b/Davidson unpublished</strong>
|
|
</p>Davidson
|
|
J, Rothbaum
|
|
BO, Tucker
|
|
P, et al. (2006) Venlafaxine extended release in posttraumatic stress disorder: a sertraline-and placebo-controlled study. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
|
|
26(3), 259–67 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16702890" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16702890</span></a>]<br />Davidson
|
|
J, Lipschitz
|
|
A and Musgnung
|
|
JJ (unpublished) Venlafaxine XR and sertraline in posttraumatic stress disorder: a placebo-controlled study. Extracted from 2004 guideline. Available from: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg26/evidence" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/cg26/evidence</a> [accessed 18.01.17]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.rl.r1.4"><h5>MAOI</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref56"><p id="p-3855">
|
|
<strong>Katz 1994</strong>
|
|
</p>Katz
|
|
RJ, Lott
|
|
MH, Arbus
|
|
P, et al. (1994) Pharmacotherapy of post-traumatic stress disorder with a novel psychotropic. Anxiety
|
|
1(4), 169–74 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9160569" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9160569</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref57"><p id="p-3856">
|
|
<strong>Kosten 1991</strong>
|
|
</p>Kosten
|
|
TR, Frank
|
|
JB, Dan
|
|
E, et al. (1991) Pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder using phenelzine or imipramine. The Journal of nervous and mental disease
|
|
179(6), 366–70 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2051152" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2051152</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.rl.r1.5"><h5>Other antidepressant drugs</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref58"><p id="p-3857">
|
|
<strong>Davis 2004</strong>
|
|
</p>Davis
|
|
LL, Jewell
|
|
ME, Ambrose
|
|
S, et al. (2004) A placebo-controlled study of nefazodone for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary study. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
|
|
24(3), 291–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15118483" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15118483</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref59"><p id="p-3858">
|
|
<strong>Becker 2007</strong>
|
|
</p>Becker
|
|
ME, Hertzberg
|
|
MA, Moore
|
|
SD, et al. (2007) A placebo-controlled trial of bupropion SR in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
|
|
27(2), 193–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17414245" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17414245</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref60"><p id="p-3859">
|
|
<strong>Onder 2006</strong>
|
|
</p>Önder
|
|
E, Tural
|
|
Ü and Aker
|
|
T (2006) A comparative study of fluoxetine, moclobemide, and tianeptine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following an earthquake. European psychiatry
|
|
21(3), 174–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15964747" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15964747</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.rl.r1.6"><h5>Anticonvulsants</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref61"><p id="p-3860">
|
|
<strong>Akuchekian 2004</strong>
|
|
</p>Akuchekian
|
|
S and Amanat
|
|
S (2004) The comparison of topiramate and placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized, double-blind study. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
|
|
9(5), 240–4</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref62"><p id="p-3861">
|
|
<strong>Banisadi 2014</strong>
|
|
</p>Baniasadi
|
|
M, Hosseini
|
|
G, Bordbar
|
|
MR, et al. (2014) Effect of pregabalin augmentation in treatment of patients with combat-related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®
|
|
20(6), 419–27 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25406046" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25406046</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref63"><p id="p-3862">
|
|
<strong>Davidson 2007</strong>
|
|
</p>Davidson
|
|
JRT, Brady
|
|
KM, Mellman
|
|
TAM, et al. (2007) The efficacy and tolerability of tiagabine in adult patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol
|
|
27, 85–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17224720" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17224720</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref64"><p id="p-3863">
|
|
<strong>Davis 2008a</strong>
|
|
</p>Davis
|
|
LL, Davidson
|
|
JRT, Ward
|
|
LC, et al. (2008) Divalproex in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial in a veteran population. J Clin Psychopharmacol
|
|
28, 84–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204347" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18204347</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref65"><p id="p-3864">
|
|
<strong>Tucker 2007</strong>
|
|
</p>Tucker
|
|
P, Trautman
|
|
RP, Wyatt
|
|
DB, et al. (2007) Efficacy and safety of topiramate monotherapy in civilian posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry
|
|
68, 201–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17335317" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17335317</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref66"><p id="p-3865">
|
|
<strong>Yeh 2011/Mello 2008</strong>
|
|
</p>Yeh
|
|
MS, Mari
|
|
JJ, Costa
|
|
MC, et al. (2011) A double-blind randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy of topiramate in a civilian sample of PTSD. CNS Neurosci. Ther
|
|
17(5), 305–310 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6493911/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6493911</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21554564" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21554564</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.rl.r1.7"><h5>Antipsychotics</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref67"><p id="p-3866">
|
|
<strong>Bartzokis 2005</strong>
|
|
</p>Bartzokis
|
|
G, Lu
|
|
PH, Turner
|
|
J, et al. (2005) Adjunctive risperidone in the treatment of chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry
|
|
57(5), 474–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15737661" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15737661</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref68"><p id="p-3867">
|
|
<strong>Carey 2012</strong>
|
|
</p>Carey
|
|
P, Suliman
|
|
S, Ganesan
|
|
K, et al. (2012) Olanzapine monotherapy in posttraumatic stress disorder: efficacy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental
|
|
27(4), 386–91 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22730105" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22730105</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref69"><p id="p-3868">
|
|
<strong>Krystal 2011/2016</strong>
|
|
</p>Krystal
|
|
JH, Rosenheck
|
|
RA, Cramer
|
|
JA, et al. (2011) Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study No. 504 Group. Adjunctive risperidone treatment for antidepressant-resistant symptoms of chronic military service–related PTSD: a randomized trial. JAMA
|
|
306(5), 493–502 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21813427" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21813427</span></a>]<br />Krystal
|
|
JH, Pietrzak
|
|
RH, Rosenheck
|
|
RA, et al. (2016) Sleep Disturbance in Chronic Military-Related PTSD: Clinical Impact and Response to Adjunctive Risperidone in the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study# 504. The Journal of clinical psychiatry
|
|
77(4), 483–91 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26890894" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26890894</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref71"><p id="p-3869">
|
|
<strong>Ramaswamy 2016</strong>
|
|
</p>Ramaswamy
|
|
S, Driscoll
|
|
D, Smith
|
|
LM, et al. (2016) Failed efficacy of ziprasidone in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
|
|
2, 1–5 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5935838/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5935838</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29736440" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29736440</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref72"><p id="p-3870">
|
|
<strong>Villarreal 2016</strong>
|
|
</p>Villarreal
|
|
G, Hamner
|
|
MB, Cañive
|
|
JM, et al. (2016) Efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy in posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry
|
|
173(12), 1205–12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27418378" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27418378</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.rl.r1.8"><h5>Benzodiazepines</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref73"><p id="p-3871">
|
|
<strong>Rothbaum 2014/Norrholm 2016</strong>
|
|
</p>Rothbaum
|
|
BO, Price
|
|
M, Jovanovic
|
|
T, et al. (2014) A randomized, double-blind evaluation of D-cycloserine or alprazolam combined with virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry
|
|
171(6), 640–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4115813/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4115813</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24743802" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24743802</span></a>]<br />Norrholm
|
|
SD, Jovanovic
|
|
T, Gerardi
|
|
M, et al. (2016) Baseline psychophysiological and cortisol reactivity as a predictor of PTSD treatment outcome in virtual reality exposure therapy. Behaviour research and therapy
|
|
82, 28–37 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5392238/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5392238</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27183343" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27183343</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div><div id="ch6.s1.2.rl.r1.9"><h5>Other drugs</h5><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref75"><p id="p-3872">
|
|
<strong>Ahmadpanah 2014</strong>
|
|
</p>Ahmadpanah
|
|
M, Sabzeiee
|
|
P, Hosseini
|
|
SM, et al. (2014) Comparing the effect of prazosin and hydroxyzine on sleep quality in patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychobiology
|
|
69(4), 235–42 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24993832" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24993832</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref76"><p id="p-3873">
|
|
<strong>Ardani 2017</strong>
|
|
</p>Ardani
|
|
AR, Hosseini
|
|
G, Bordbar
|
|
MR, et al. (2017) Effect of Rivastigmine Augmentation in Treatment of Male Patients with Combat-Related Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
|
|
37(1), 54–60 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27930500" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27930500</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref77"><p id="p-3874">
|
|
<strong>de Kleine 2012/2014/2015</strong>
|
|
</p>de Kleine
|
|
RA, Hendriks
|
|
GJ, Kusters
|
|
WJ, et al. (2012) A randomized placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine to enhance exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological psychiatry
|
|
71(11), 962–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22480663" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22480663</span></a>]<br />de Kleine
|
|
RA, Hendriks
|
|
GJ, Smits
|
|
JA, et al. (2014) Prescriptive variables for d-cycloserine augmentation of exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research
|
|
48(1), 40–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24183818" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24183818</span></a>]<br />de Kleine
|
|
RA, Smits
|
|
JA, Hendriks
|
|
GJ, et al. (2015) Extinction learning as a moderator of d-cycloserine efficacy for enhancing exposure therapy in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders
|
|
34, 63–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26121495" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26121495</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref80"><p id="p-3875">
|
|
<strong>Difede 2008/2014</strong>
|
|
</p>Difede
|
|
J (2008) Combined Exposure Therapy and D-Cycloserine vs. Placebo for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [NCT00632632]. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00632632" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00632632</a> [accessed 06.01.17]<br />Difede
|
|
J, Cukor
|
|
J, Wyka
|
|
K, et al. (2014) D-cycloserine augmentation of exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology
|
|
39(5), 1052–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3957110/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3957110</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24217129" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24217129</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref82"><p id="p-3876">
|
|
<strong>Litz 2012</strong>
|
|
</p>Litz
|
|
BT, Salters-Pedneault
|
|
K, Steenkamp
|
|
MM, et al. (2012) A randomized placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine and exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of psychiatric research
|
|
46(9), 1184–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22694905" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22694905</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref83"><p id="p-3877">
|
|
<strong>Mahabir 2016</strong>
|
|
</p>Mahabir
|
|
M, Ashbaugh
|
|
AR, Saumier
|
|
D and Tremblay
|
|
J (2016) Propranolol’s impact on cognitive performance in post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of affective disorders
|
|
192, 98–103 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26707354" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26707354</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref84"><p id="p-3878">
|
|
<strong>Neylan 2006</strong>
|
|
</p>Neylan
|
|
TC, Lenoci
|
|
M, Samuelson
|
|
KW, et al. (2006) No improvement of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with guanfacine treatment. Am J Psychiatry
|
|
163, 2186–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17151174" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17151174</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref85"><p id="p-3879">
|
|
<strong>Petrakis 2016</strong>
|
|
</p>Petrakis
|
|
IL, Desai
|
|
N, Gueorguieva
|
|
R, et al. (2016) Prazosin for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid alcohol dependence: a clinical trial. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
|
|
40(1), 178–86 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26683790" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26683790</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref86"><p id="p-3880">
|
|
<strong>Pollack 2011</strong>
|
|
</p>Pollack
|
|
MH, Hoge
|
|
EA, Worthington
|
|
JJ, et al. (2011) Eszopiclone for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and associated insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry
|
|
72(7), 892–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21367352" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21367352</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref87"><p id="p-3881">
|
|
<strong>Raskind 2007</strong>
|
|
</p>Raskind
|
|
MA, Peskind
|
|
ER, Hoff
|
|
DJ, et al. (2007) A parallel group placebo controlled study of prazosin for trauma nightmares and sleep disturbance in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry
|
|
61, 928–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17069768" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17069768</span></a>]<br />Norrholm
|
|
SD, Jovanovic
|
|
T, Gerardi
|
|
M, et al. (2016) Baseline psychophysiological and cortisol reactivity as a predictor of PTSD treatment outcome in virtual reality exposure therapy. Behaviour research and therapy
|
|
82, 28–37 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5392238/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5392238</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27183343" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27183343</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref89"><p id="p-3882">
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<strong>Raskind 2018/Ventura 2007</strong>
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</p>Raskind
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MA, Peskind
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ER, Chow
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B, et al. (2018) Trial of Prazosin for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans. New England Journal of Medicine
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378(6), 507–17 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29414272" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29414272</span></a>]<br />Ventura
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B (2007) Cooperative Studies Program #563 - Prazosin and Combat Trauma PTSD (PACT). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00532493" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00532493</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch6.s1.2.ref91"><p id="p-3883">
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<strong>Rothbaum 2014/Norrholm 2016</strong>
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</p>Rothbaum
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BO, Price
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M, Jovanovic
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T, et al. (2014) A randomized, double-blind evaluation of D-cycloserine or alprazolam combined with virtual reality exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry
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171(6), 640–8 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4115813/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4115813</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24743802" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24743802</span></a>]<br />Norrholm
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SD, Jovanovic
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T, Gerardi
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M, et al. (2016) Baseline psychophysiological and cortisol reactivity as a predictor of PTSD treatment outcome in virtual reality exposure therapy. Behaviour research and therapy
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82, 28–37 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5392238/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5392238</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27183343" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27183343</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></ul></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup6"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup6_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch6.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p>
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<b>Review protocol for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Review protocol for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?“</b>
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</p><p>Both review questions are covered by a single protocol.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appatab1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appatab1" rid-ob="figobch6appatab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appa.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appa.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appatab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">RQ. 4.1 For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions? RQ. 4.2 For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological <a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appatab1">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="ch6.appb.s1"><h4>Literature search strategy for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</h4></div><div id="ch6.appb.s2"><h4>Literature search strategy for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</h4><p>One search strategy covered both evidence review questions</p><div id="ch6.appb.s2.1"><h5>Clinical evidence</h5><p>
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<b>Database: Medline</b>
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</p><p>Last searched on: <b>Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, PsycINFO</b></p><p>Date of last search: 29 January 2018</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appbtab1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appbtab1" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab1">Table</a></h4></div></div><p>Database: <b>CDSR, DARE, HTA, CENTRAL</b></p><p>Date of last search: 29 January 2018</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appbtab2"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appbtab2" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab2">Table</a></h4></div></div><p>Database: <b>CINAHL PLUS</b></p><p>Date of last search: 29 January 2018</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appbtab3"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appbtab3" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab3">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appb.s2.2"><h5>Health Economic evidence</h5><p>Note: evidence resulting from the health economic search update was screened to reflect the final dates of the searches that were undertaken for the clinical reviews (see review protocols).</p><p>Database: Medline</p><p>Last searched on: <b>Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, PsycINFO</b></p><p>Date of last search: 1 March 2018</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appbtab4"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appbtab4" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab4">Table</a></h4></div></div><p>Database: <b>HTA, NHS EED</b></p><p>Date of last search: 1 March 2018</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appbtab5"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appbtab5" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appbtab5">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch6.appc.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence study selection for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</h4></div><div id="ch6.appc.s2"><h4>Clinical evidence study selection for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</h4><p>One flow diagram covers both evidence review questions</p><p id="ch6.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow diagram of clinical article selection for review</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="ch6.appd.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</h4><p id="ch6.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (111K)</span></p></div><div id="ch6.appd.s2"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</h4><p id="ch6.appd.et2"><a href="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6-appd-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (302K)</span></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch6.appe.s1"><h4>Forest plots for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</h4><div id="ch6.appe.s1.1"><h5>Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.1.1"><h5>Escitalopram versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 4. Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 5. Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.2"><h5>Anticonvulsants</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.2.1"><h5>Gabapentin versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 6. PTSD/ASD symptomatology (ASDS endpoint score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 7. Diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig7" class="figpopup">Figure 8. Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.3"><h5>Benzodiazepines</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.3.1"><h5>Temazepam versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig8" class="figpopup">Figure 9. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Clinically important PTSD symptoms at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig9" class="figpopup">Figure 10. Diagnosis of PTSD at 1-month follow-up</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.4"><h5>Other drugs</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s1.4.1"><h5>Hydrocortisone versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig10" class="figpopup">Figure 11. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS endpoint score); Unclear severity of PTSD symptoms at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig11"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig11" class="figpopup">Figure 12. Diagnosis of PTSD; Unclear severity of PTSD symptoms at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig12"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig12" class="figpopup">Figure 13. Depression symptoms (CES-D endpoint score); Unclear severity of PTSD symptoms at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig13"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig13" class="figpopup">Figure 14. Quality of life (SF-36 General health change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig14"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig14" class="figpopup">Figure 15. Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.4.2"><h5>Oxytocin versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig15"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig15" class="figpopup">Figure 16. PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES-R change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig16"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig16" class="figpopup">Figure 17. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig17"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig17" class="figpopup">Figure 18. Anxiety symptoms (HADS-A change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig18"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig18" class="figpopup">Figure 19. Depression symptoms (HADS-D change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig19"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig19" class="figpopup">Figure 20. Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.4.3"><h5>Propranolol versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig20"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig20" class="figpopup">Figure 21. PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated (ASDS endpoint score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig21"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig21" class="figpopup">Figure 22. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (CAPS endpoint score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig22"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig22" class="figpopup">Figure 23. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (CAPS endpoint score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig23"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig23" class="figpopup">Figure 24. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up (CAPS endpoint score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig24"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig24" class="figpopup">Figure 25. Diagnosis of PTSD at endpoint</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig25"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig25" class="figpopup">Figure 26. Diagnosis of PTSD at 2–3 month follow-up</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig26"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig26" class="figpopup">Figure 27. Discontinuation due to any reason</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.4.4"><h5>Propranolol versus gabapentin for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig27"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig27" class="figpopup">Figure 28. PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated (ASDS endpoint score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig28"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig28" class="figpopup">Figure 29. Diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig29"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig29" class="figpopup">Figure 30. Discontinuation for any reason (including adverse events)</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s1.4.5"><h5>Prazosin versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of non-significant PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig30"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig30" class="figpopup">Figure 31. PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig31"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig31" class="figpopup">Figure 32. Anxiety symptoms (BAI change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig32"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig32" class="figpopup">Figure 33. Depression symptoms (BDI change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig33"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig33/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig33" class="figpopup">Figure 34. Functional impairment (SDS change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig34"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig34/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig34" class="figpopup">Figure 35. Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig35"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig35/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig35" class="figpopup">Figure 36. Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig36"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig36/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig36" class="figpopup">Figure 37. Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2"><h4>Forest plots for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</h4><div id="ch6.appe.s2.1"><h5>Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.1.1"><h5>SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig37"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig37/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig37" class="figpopup">Figure 38. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS/IES-R change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig38"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig38/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig38" class="figpopup">Figure 39. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/SI–PTSD change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig39"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig39/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig39" class="figpopup">Figure 40. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission clinician-rated (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig40"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig40/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig40" class="figpopup">Figure 41. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission self-rated (number of people scoring <18 on DTS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig41"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig41/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig41" class="figpopup">Figure 42. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS or IES-R/≥50% improvement on TOP-8 and/or CGI-I much or very much improved)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig42"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig42/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig42" class="figpopup">Figure 43. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig43"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig43/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig43" class="figpopup">Figure 44. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/MADRS/BDI/BDI-II change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig44"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig44/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig44" class="figpopup">Figure 45. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Dissociative symptoms (DES change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig45"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig45/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig45" class="figpopup">Figure 46. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig46"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig46/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig46" class="figpopup">Figure 47. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning (GAF change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig47"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig47/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig47" class="figpopup">Figure 48. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig48"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig48/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig48" class="figpopup">Figure 49. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig49"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig49/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig49" class="figpopup">Figure 50. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Relationship difficulties (IIP change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig50"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig50/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig50" class="figpopup">Figure 51. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig51"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig51/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig51" class="figpopup">Figure 52. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2"><h5>Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig52"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig52/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig52" class="figpopup">Figure 53. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS/IES-R change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig53"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig53/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig53" class="figpopup">Figure 54. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/SI–PTSD change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig54"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig54/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig54" class="figpopup">Figure 55. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission clinician-rated (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig55"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig55/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig55" class="figpopup">Figure 56. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission self-rated (number of people scoring <18 on DTS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig56"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig56/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig56" class="figpopup">Figure 57. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS or IES-R/≥50% improvement</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig57"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig57/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig57" class="figpopup">Figure 58. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig58"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig58/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig58" class="figpopup">Figure 59. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/MADRS/BDI-II change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig59"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig59/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig59" class="figpopup">Figure 60. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Dissociative symptoms (DES change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig60"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig60/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig60" class="figpopup">Figure 61. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig61"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig61/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig61" class="figpopup">Figure 62. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning (GAF endpoint score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig62"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig62/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig62" class="figpopup">Figure 63. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change/endpoint score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig63"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig63/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig63" class="figpopup">Figure 64. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig64"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig64/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig64" class="figpopup">Figure 65. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Relationship difficulties (IIP change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig65"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig65/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig65" class="figpopup">Figure 66. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig66"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig66/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig66" class="figpopup">Figure 67. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.1"><h5>Sertraline (+ non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig67"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig67/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig67" class="figpopup">Figure 68. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig68"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig68/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig68" class="figpopup">Figure 69. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing improvement of at least 15 points on CAPS); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig69"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig69/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig69" class="figpopup">Figure 70. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use: Number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days (TLFB HDD; ≥5 drinks/day for men and ≥4 drinks/day for women; Change score); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig70"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig70/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig70" class="figpopup">Figure 71. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use: Drinks per drinking day (TLFB DDD; change score); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig71"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig71/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig71" class="figpopup">Figure 72. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use: Number of participants abstinent from alcohol (in the prior 7 days; TLFB); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig72"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig72/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig72" class="figpopup">Figure 73. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig73"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig73/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig73" class="figpopup">Figure 74. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.2"><h5>SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig74"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig74/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig74" class="figpopup">Figure 75. SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig75"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig75/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig75" class="figpopup">Figure 76. SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig76"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig76/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig76" class="figpopup">Figure 77. SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/BDI-II change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig77"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig77/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig77" class="figpopup">Figure 78. SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig78"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig78/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig78" class="figpopup">Figure 79. SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.3"><h5>Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig79"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig79/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig79" class="figpopup">Figure 80. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig80"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig80/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig80" class="figpopup">Figure 81. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/TOP-8 change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig81"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig81/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig81" class="figpopup">Figure 82. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig82"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig82/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig82" class="figpopup">Figure 83. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig83"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig83/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig83" class="figpopup">Figure 84. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig84"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig84/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig84" class="figpopup">Figure 85. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig85"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig85/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig85" class="figpopup">Figure 86. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig86"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig86/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig86" class="figpopup">Figure 87. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.4"><h5>Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig87"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig87/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig87" class="figpopup">Figure 88. Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig88"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig88/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig88" class="figpopup">Figure 89. Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig89"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig89/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig89" class="figpopup">Figure 90. Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig90"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig90/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig90" class="figpopup">Figure 91. Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.5"><h5>Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig91"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig91/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig91" class="figpopup">Figure 92. Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig92"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig92/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig92" class="figpopup">Figure 93. Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig93"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig93/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig93" class="figpopup">Figure 94. Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig94"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig94/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig94" class="figpopup">Figure 95. Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.6"><h5>Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig95"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig95/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig95" class="figpopup">Figure 96. Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig96"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig96/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig96" class="figpopup">Figure 97. Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig97"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig97/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig97" class="figpopup">Figure 98. Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig98"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig98/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig98" class="figpopup">Figure 99. Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.7"><h5>Sertraline versus venlafaxine for treatment of PTSD for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig99"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig99/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig99" class="figpopup">Figure 100. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig100"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig100/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig100" class="figpopup">Figure 101. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig101"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig101/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig101" class="figpopup">Figure 102. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig102"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig102/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig102" class="figpopup">Figure 103. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig103"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig103/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig103" class="figpopup">Figure 104. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig104"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig104/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig104" class="figpopup">Figure 105. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning (GAF change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig105"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig105/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig105" class="figpopup">Figure 106. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig106"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig106/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig106" class="figpopup">Figure 107. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig107"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig107/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig107" class="figpopup">Figure 108. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.8"><h5>Sertraline (+ trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+ trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig108"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig108/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig108" class="figpopup">Figure 109. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (HTQ change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig109"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig109/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig109" class="figpopup">Figure 110. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig110"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig110/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig110" class="figpopup">Figure 111. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig111"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig111/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig111" class="figpopup">Figure 112. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig112"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig112/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig112" class="figpopup">Figure 113. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (WHO-5 change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig113"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig113/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig113" class="figpopup">Figure 114. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.9"><h5>Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig114"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig114/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig114" class="figpopup">Figure 115. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig115"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig115/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig115" class="figpopup">Figure 116. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS & CGI-I much or very much improved)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig116"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig116/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig116" class="figpopup">Figure 117. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (BAI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig117"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig117/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig117" class="figpopup">Figure 118. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (BDI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig118"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig118/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig118" class="figpopup">Figure 119. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig119"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig119/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig119" class="figpopup">Figure 120. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.10"><h5>SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig120"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig120/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig120" class="figpopup">Figure 121. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Relapse</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig121"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig121/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig121" class="figpopup">Figure 122. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig122"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig122/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig122" class="figpopup">Figure 123. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig123"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig123/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig123" class="figpopup">Figure 124. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig124"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig124/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig124" class="figpopup">Figure 125. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig125"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig125/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig125" class="figpopup">Figure 126. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig126"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig126/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig126" class="figpopup">Figure 127. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.2.11"><h5>SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig127"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig127/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig127" class="figpopup">Figure 128. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (HTQ/PDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig128"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig128/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig128" class="figpopup">Figure 129. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up (PDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig129"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig129/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig129" class="figpopup">Figure 130. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/SI–PTSD change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig130"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig130/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig130" class="figpopup">Figure 131. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD/scoring ≤20 on CAPS & CGI-I score=1)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig131"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig131/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig131" class="figpopup">Figure 132. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig132"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig132/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig132" class="figpopup">Figure 133. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at endpoint (HAM-A/STAI State change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig133"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig133/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig133" class="figpopup">Figure 134. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at 1-year follow-up (STAI State change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig134"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig134/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig134" class="figpopup">Figure 135. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at endpoint (HAM-D/BDI-II change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig135"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig135/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig135" class="figpopup">Figure 136. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at 1-year follow-up (BDI-II change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig136"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig136/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig136" class="figpopup">Figure 137. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig137"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig137/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig137" class="figpopup">Figure 138. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (WHO-5 change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig138"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig138/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig138" class="figpopup">Figure 139. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig139"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig139/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig139" class="figpopup">Figure 140. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.3"><h5>Antidepressants: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.3.1"><h5>TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig140"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig140/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig140" class="figpopup">Figure 141. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig141"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig141/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig141" class="figpopup">Figure 142. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (SI–PTSD change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig142"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig142/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig142" class="figpopup">Figure 143. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥50% improvement on SI–PTSD/rated as ‘much or very much improved’ on CGI-I); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig143"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig143/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig143" class="figpopup">Figure 144. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A/CAS change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig144"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig144/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig144" class="figpopup">Figure 145. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig145"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig145/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig145" class="figpopup">Figure 146. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig146"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig146/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig146" class="figpopup">Figure 147. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events; Multiple incident index trauma</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.4"><h5>Antidepressants: Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.4.1"><h5>Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig147"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig147/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig147" class="figpopup">Figure 148. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomology at endpoint (CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig148"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig148/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig148" class="figpopup">Figure 149. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Symptoms of/recovery from depression at endpoint (HAM-D 17)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig149"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig149/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig149" class="figpopup">Figure 150. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning at endpoint (GAF)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig150"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig150/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig150" class="figpopup">Figure 151. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life at endpoint (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Life Satisfaction Short Form)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig151"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig151/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig151" class="figpopup">Figure 152. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment at endpoint (Sheehan Disability Scale)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig152"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig152/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig152" class="figpopup">Figure 153. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse effects) at endpoint</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig153"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig153/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig153" class="figpopup">Figure 154. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse effects</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.5"><h5>Antidepressants: Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.5.1"><h5>MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig154"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig154/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig154" class="figpopup">Figure 155. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig155"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig155/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig155" class="figpopup">Figure 156. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Single incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig156"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig156/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig156" class="figpopup">Figure 157. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD); Single incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig157"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig157/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig157" class="figpopup">Figure 158. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig158"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig158/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig158" class="figpopup">Figure 159. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (CAS change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig159"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig159/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig159" class="figpopup">Figure 160. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig160"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig160/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig160" class="figpopup">Figure 161. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig161"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig161/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig161" class="figpopup">Figure 162. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events; Multiple incident index trauma</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.5.2"><h5>Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig162"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig162/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig162" class="figpopup">Figure 163. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig163"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig163/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig163" class="figpopup">Figure 164. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig164"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig164/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig164" class="figpopup">Figure 165. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (CAS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig165"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig165/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig165" class="figpopup">Figure 166. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig166"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig166/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig166" class="figpopup">Figure 167. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig167"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig167/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig167" class="figpopup">Figure 168. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.6"><h5>Antidepressants: Other antidepressants</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.6.1"><h5>Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig168"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig168/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig168" class="figpopup">Figure 169. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig169"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig169/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig169" class="figpopup">Figure 170. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig170"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig170/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig170" class="figpopup">Figure 171. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig171"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig171/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig171" class="figpopup">Figure 172. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig172"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig172/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig172" class="figpopup">Figure 173. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Dissociative symptoms (CADSS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig173"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig173/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig173" class="figpopup">Figure 174. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig174"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig174/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig174" class="figpopup">Figure 175. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.6.2"><h5>Bupropion (+TAU) versus placebo (+TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig175"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig175/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig175" class="figpopup">Figure 176. Bupropion (+TAU) versus placebo (+TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig176"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig176/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig176" class="figpopup">Figure 177. Bupropion (+TAU) versus placebo (+TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (BDI change score)</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.6.3"><h5>Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig177"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig177/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig177" class="figpopup">Figure 178. Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig178"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig178/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig178" class="figpopup">Figure 179. Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig179"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig179/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig179" class="figpopup">Figure 180. Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig180"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig180/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig180" class="figpopup">Figure 181. Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.7"><h5>Anticonvulsants</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.7.1"><h5>Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig181"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig181/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig181" class="figpopup">Figure 182. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig182"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig182/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig182" class="figpopup">Figure 183. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig183"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig183/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig183" class="figpopup">Figure 184. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig184"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig184/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig184" class="figpopup">Figure 185. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig185"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig185/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig185" class="figpopup">Figure 186. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/BDI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig186"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig186/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig186" class="figpopup">Figure 187. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig187"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig187/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig187" class="figpopup">Figure 188. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig188"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig188/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig188" class="figpopup">Figure 189. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.7.2"><h5>Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig189"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig189/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig189" class="figpopup">Figure 190. Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig190"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig190/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig190" class="figpopup">Figure 191. Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig191"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig191/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig191" class="figpopup">Figure 192. Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig192"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig192/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig192" class="figpopup">Figure 193. Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig193"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig193/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig193" class="figpopup">Figure 194. Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.7.3"><h5>Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig194"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig194/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig194" class="figpopup">Figure 195. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig195"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig195/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig195" class="figpopup">Figure 196. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig196"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig196/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig196" class="figpopup">Figure 197. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig197"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig197/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig197" class="figpopup">Figure 198. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig198"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig198/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig198" class="figpopup">Figure 199. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig199"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig199/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig199" class="figpopup">Figure 200. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig200"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig200/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig200" class="figpopup">Figure 201. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.7.4"><h5>Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig201"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig201/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig201" class="figpopup">Figure 202. Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig202"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig202/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig202" class="figpopup">Figure 203. Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig203"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig203/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig203" class="figpopup">Figure 204. Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig204"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig204/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig204" class="figpopup">Figure 205. Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Spitzer Quality of Life Index change score)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.8"><h5>Antipsychotics</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.8.1"><h5>Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig205"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig205/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig205" class="figpopup">Figure 206. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig206"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig206/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig206" class="figpopup">Figure 207. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig207"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig207/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig207" class="figpopup">Figure 208. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <50 on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig208"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig208/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig208" class="figpopup">Figure 209. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig209"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig209/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig209" class="figpopup">Figure 210. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig210"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig210/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig210" class="figpopup">Figure 211. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS/HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig211"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig211/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig211" class="figpopup">Figure 212. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig212"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig212/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig212" class="figpopup">Figure 213. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (BLSI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig213"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig213/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig213" class="figpopup">Figure 214. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig214"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig214/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig214" class="figpopup">Figure 215. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig215"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig215/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig215" class="figpopup">Figure 216. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig216"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig216/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig216" class="figpopup">Figure 217. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomology by subscale</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.8.2"><h5>Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig217"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig217/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig217" class="figpopup">Figure 218. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig218"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig218/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig218" class="figpopup">Figure 219. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig219"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig219/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig219" class="figpopup">Figure 220. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <50 on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig220"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig220/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig220" class="figpopup">Figure 221. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig221"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig221/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig221" class="figpopup">Figure 222. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig222"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig222/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig222" class="figpopup">Figure 223. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus lacebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS/HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig223"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig223/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig223" class="figpopup">Figure 224. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig224"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig224/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig224" class="figpopup">Figure 225. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (BLSI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig225"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig225/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig225" class="figpopup">Figure 226. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig226"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig226/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig226" class="figpopup">Figure 227. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig227"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig227/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig227" class="figpopup">Figure 228. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.8.3"><h5>Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication)</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig228"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig228/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig228" class="figpopup">Figure 229. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig229"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig229/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig229" class="figpopup">Figure 230. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥20/50% improvement on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig230"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig230/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig230" class="figpopup">Figure 231. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig231"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig231/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig231" class="figpopup">Figure 232. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig232"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig232/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig232" class="figpopup">Figure 233. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig233"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig233/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig233" class="figpopup">Figure 234. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig234"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig234/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig234" class="figpopup">Figure 235. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomology by subscale</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.8.4"><h5>Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig235"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig235/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig235" class="figpopup">Figure 236. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig236"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig236/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig236" class="figpopup">Figure 237. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥20% improvement on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig237"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig237/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig237" class="figpopup">Figure 238. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig238"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig238/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig238" class="figpopup">Figure 239. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig239"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig239/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig239" class="figpopup">Figure 240. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig240"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig240/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig240" class="figpopup">Figure 241. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.9"><h5>Benzodiazepines</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.9.1"><h5>Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig241"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig241/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig241" class="figpopup">Figure 242. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-report (PSS-SR change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig242"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig242/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig242" class="figpopup">Figure 243. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig243"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig243/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig243" class="figpopup">Figure 244. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig244"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig244/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig244" class="figpopup">Figure 245. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.9.2"><h5>Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig245"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig245/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig245" class="figpopup">Figure 246. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-report (PSS-SR change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig246"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig246/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig246" class="figpopup">Figure 247. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig247"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig247/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig247" class="figpopup">Figure 248. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD); Multiple incident index trauma</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig248"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig248/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig248" class="figpopup">Figure 249. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.10"><h5>Other drugs: Prazosin</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.10.1"><h5>Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (± TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig249"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig249/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig249" class="figpopup">Figure 250. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (PCL change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig250"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig250/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig250" class="figpopup">Figure 251. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/MINI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig251"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig251/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig251" class="figpopup">Figure 252. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig252"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig252/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig252" class="figpopup">Figure 253. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at endpoint (BDI/HAM-D/PHQ-9 change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig253"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig253/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig253" class="figpopup">Figure 254. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use (TLFB): Number of participants abstinent from alcohol during the trial</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig254"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig254/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig254" class="figpopup">Figure 255. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol craving/consumption (OCDS/AUDIT-C change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig255"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig255/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig255" class="figpopup">Figure 256. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties at endpoint (PSQI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig256"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig256/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig256" class="figpopup">Figure 257. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (QOLI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig257"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig257/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig257" class="figpopup">Figure 258. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig258"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig258/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig258" class="figpopup">Figure 259. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.10.2"><h5>Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig259"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig259/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig259" class="figpopup">Figure 260. Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (MINI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig260"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig260/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig260" class="figpopup">Figure 261. Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig261"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig261/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig261" class="figpopup">Figure 262. Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig262"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig262/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig262" class="figpopup">Figure 263. Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.11"><h5>Other drugs: Hydroxyzine</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.11.1"><h5>Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig263"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig263/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig263" class="figpopup">Figure 264. Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (MINI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig264"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig264/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig264" class="figpopup">Figure 265. Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.12"><h5>Other drugs: Eszopiclone</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.12.1"><h5>Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig265"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig265/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig265" class="figpopup">Figure 266. Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig266"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig266/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig266" class="figpopup">Figure 267. Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.13"><h5>Other drugs: Propranolol</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.13.1"><h5>Propranolol (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig267"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig267/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig267" class="figpopup">Figure 268. Propranolol (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES-R change score)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.14"><h5>Other drugs: Rivastigmine</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.14.1"><h5>Rivastigmine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig268"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig268/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig268" class="figpopup">Figure 269. Rivastigmine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.15"><h5>Other drugs: Guanfacine</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.15.1"><h5>Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig269"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig269/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig269" class="figpopup">Figure 270. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES-R change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig270"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig270/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig270" class="figpopup">Figure 271. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig271"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig271/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig271" class="figpopup">Figure 272. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig272"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig272/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig272" class="figpopup">Figure 273. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (QOLI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig273"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig273/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig273" class="figpopup">Figure 274. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (Sleep Quality Index change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig274"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig274/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig274" class="figpopup">Figure 275. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig275"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig275/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig275" class="figpopup">Figure 276. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appe.s2.16"><h5>Other drugs: D-cycloserine</h5><div id="ch6.appe.s2.16.1"><h5>D-cycloserine (+ exposure therapy) versus placebo (+ exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><p id="ch6.appe.fig276"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig276/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig276" class="figpopup">Figure 277. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (PCL/PSS-SR change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig277"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig277/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig277" class="figpopup">Figure 278. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 3-month follow-up (PSS-SR change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig278"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig278/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig278" class="figpopup">Figure 279. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 6-month follow-up (PSS-SR change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig279"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig279/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig279" class="figpopup">Figure 280. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up (PSS-SR change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig280"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig280/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig280" class="figpopup">Figure 281. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig281"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig281/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig281" class="figpopup">Figure 282. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig282"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig282/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig282" class="figpopup">Figure 283. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig283"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig283/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig283" class="figpopup">Figure 284. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up (CAPS change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig284"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig284/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig284" class="figpopup">Figure 285. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at endpoint (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig285"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig285/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig285" class="figpopup">Figure 286. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at 3-month follow-up (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig286"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig286/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig286" class="figpopup">Figure 287. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at 6-month follow-up (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig287"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig287/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig287" class="figpopup">Figure 288. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at 1-year follow-up (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig288"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig288/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig288" class="figpopup">Figure 289. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response at endpoint (number of people showing improvement of at least 10 points on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig289"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig289/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig289" class="figpopup">Figure 290. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response at 3-month follow-up (number of people showing improvement of at least 10 points on CAPS)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig290"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig290/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig290" class="figpopup">Figure 291. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at endpoint (STAI State change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig291"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig291/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig291" class="figpopup">Figure 292. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at 3-month follow-up (STAI State change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig292"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig292/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig292" class="figpopup">Figure 293. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at endpoint (BDI/BDI-II change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig293"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig293/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig293" class="figpopup">Figure 294. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at 3-month follow-up (BDI change score)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig294"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig294/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig294" class="figpopup">Figure 295. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</a></p><p id="ch6.appe.fig295"><a href="/books/NBK560211/figure/ch6.appe.fig295/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appefig295" class="figpopup">Figure 296. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</a></p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="ch6.appf.s1"><h4>GRADE tables for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</h4><div id="ch6.appf.s1.1"><h5>Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s1.1.1"><h5>Escitalopram versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab1" rid-ob="figobch6appftab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1/12 (8.3%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.2"><h5>Anticonvulsants</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s1.2.1"><h5>Gabapentin versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab2"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab2" rid-ob="figobch6appftab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab2">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">6/14 (42.9%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.3"><h5>Benzodiazepines</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s1.3.1"><h5>Temazepam versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab3"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab3" rid-ob="figobch6appftab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab3">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">6/11 (54.5%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.4"><h5>Other drugs</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s1.4.1"><h5>Hydrocortisone versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab4"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab4" rid-ob="figobch6appftab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab4">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">2/24 (8.3%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.4.2"><h5>Oxytocin versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab5"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab5" rid-ob="figobch6appftab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab5">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">21/62 (33.9%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.4.3"><h5>Propranolol versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab6"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab6" rid-ob="figobch6appftab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab6">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">15/40 (37.5%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.4.4"><h5>Propranolol versus gabapentin for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab7"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab7" rid-ob="figobch6appftab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab7">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">8/17 (47.1%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s1.4.5"><h5>Prazosin versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of non-significant PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab8"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab8" rid-ob="figobch6appftab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab8">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">5/18 (27.8%)</p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2"><h4>GRADE tables for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</h4><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1"><h5>Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.1"><h5>SSRI versus placebo</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.1.1"><h5>SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab9"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab9" rid-ob="figobch6appftab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab9">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">262/880 (29.8%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.1.2"><h5>Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab10"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab10" rid-ob="figobch6appftab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab10">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">25/32 (78.1%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.2"><h5>SSRI versus other antidepressants</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.2.1"><h5>SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab11"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab11" rid-ob="figobch6appftab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab11">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">51/75 (68%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.2.2"><h5>Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab12"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab12" rid-ob="figobch6appftab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab12">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">6/49 (12.2%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.2.3"><h5>Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab13"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab13" rid-ob="figobch6appftab13"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab13/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab13/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab13">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">29/38 (76.3%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.2.4"><h5>Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab14"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab14" rid-ob="figobch6appftab14"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab14/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab14/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab14">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">29/38 (76.3%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.2.5"><h5>Fluvoxamine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab15"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab15" rid-ob="figobch6appftab15"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab15/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab15/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab15">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">3/20 (15%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.3"><h5>SSRI versus SNRI</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.3.1"><h5>Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab16"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab16" rid-ob="figobch6appftab16"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab16/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab16/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab16">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">42/173 (24.3%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.3.2"><h5>Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab17"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab17" rid-ob="figobch6appftab17"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab17/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab17/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab17">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">21/109 (19.3%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.4"><h5>SSRI versus TCA</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.4.1"><h5>Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab18"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab18" rid-ob="figobch6appftab18"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab18/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab18/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab18"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab18">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">7/25 (28%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.4.2"><h5>SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab19"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab19" rid-ob="figobch6appftab19"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab19/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab19/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab19"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab19">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">38/156 (24.4%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.5"><h5>SSRI versus psychological therapies</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.5.1"><h5>SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab20"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab20" rid-ob="figobch6appftab20"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab20/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab20/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab20"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab20">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">28/76 (36.8%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.6"><h5>Antidepressants: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.6.1"><h5>TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab21"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab21" rid-ob="figobch6appftab21"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab21/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab21/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab21"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab21">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">21/48 (43.8%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.7"><h5>Antidepressants: Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.7.1"><h5>Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab22"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab22" rid-ob="figobch6appftab22"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab22/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab22/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab22"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab22">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">136/340 (40%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.8"><h5>Antidepressants: Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.8.1"><h5>MAOI versus placebo</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab23"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab23" rid-ob="figobch6appftab23"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab23/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab23/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab23"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab23">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">12/35 (34.3%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.8.2"><h5>Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab24"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab24" rid-ob="figobch6appftab24"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab24/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab24/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab24"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab24">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">13/19 (68.4%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.9"><h5>Antidepressants: Other antidepressants</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.9.1"><h5>Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab25"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab25" rid-ob="figobch6appftab25"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab25/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab25/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab25"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab25">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">9/27 (33.3%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.9.2"><h5>Bupropion (+TAU) versus placebo (+TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab26"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab26" rid-ob="figobch6appftab26"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab26/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab26/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab26"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab26">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; TAU, treatment as usual; SMD, standard mean difference </p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.9.3"><h5>Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab27"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab27" rid-ob="figobch6appftab27"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab27/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab27/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab27"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab27">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">22/35 (62.9%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.10"><h5>Anticonvulsants</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.10.1"><h5>Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab28"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab28" rid-ob="figobch6appftab28"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab28/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab28/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab28"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab28">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">14/17 (82.4%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.10.2"><h5>Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab29"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab29" rid-ob="figobch6appftab29"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab29/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab29/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab29"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab29">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">10/44 (22.7%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.10.3"><h5>Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab30"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab30" rid-ob="figobch6appftab30"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab30/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab30/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab30"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab30">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">51/116 (44%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.10.4"><h5>Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab31"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab31" rid-ob="figobch6appftab31"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab31/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab31/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab31"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab31">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">0/18 (0%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.11"><h5>Antipsychotics</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.11.1"><h5>Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab32"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab32" rid-ob="figobch6appftab32"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab32/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab32/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab32"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab32">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">10/14 (71.4%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.11.2"><h5>Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab33"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab33" rid-ob="figobch6appftab33"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab33/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab33/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab33"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab33">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">12/48 (25%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.12"><h5>Benzodiazepines</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.12.1"><h5>Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab34"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab34" rid-ob="figobch6appftab34"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab34/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab34/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab34"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab34">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">9/50 (18%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.12.2"><h5>Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab35"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab35" rid-ob="figobch6appftab35"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab35/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab35/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab35"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab35">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">9/50 (18%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.13"><h5>Other drugs: Prazosin</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.13.1"><h5>Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab36"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab36" rid-ob="figobch6appftab36"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab36/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab36/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab36"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab36">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">12/17 (70.6%)</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.13.2"><h5>Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab37"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab37" rid-ob="figobch6appftab37"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab37/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab37/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab37"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab37">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">2/35 (5.7%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.14"><h5>Other drugs: Hydroxyzine</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.14.1"><h5>Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab38"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab38" rid-ob="figobch6appftab38"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab38/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab38/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab38"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab38">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">0/34 (0%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.15"><h5>Other drugs: Eszopiclone</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.15.1"><h5>Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab39"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab39" rid-ob="figobch6appftab39"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab39/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab39/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab39"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab39">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">1/13 (7.7%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.16"><h5>Other drugs: Propranolol</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.16.1"><h5>Propranolol (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab40"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab40" rid-ob="figobch6appftab40"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab40/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab40/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab40"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab40">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">CI, confidence interval; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, standard mean difference </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.17"><h5>Other drugs: Rivastigmine</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.17.1"><h5>Rivastigmine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab41"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab41" rid-ob="figobch6appftab41"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab41/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab41/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab41"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab41">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">CI, confidence interval; PCL, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, standard mean difference </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.18"><h5>Other drugs: Guanfacine</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.18.1"><h5>Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab42"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab42" rid-ob="figobch6appftab42"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab42/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab42/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab42"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab42">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">6/29 (20.7%)</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.19"><h5>Other drugs: D-cycloserine</h5><div id="ch6.appf.s2.1.19.1"><h5>D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appftab43"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appftab43" rid-ob="figobch6appftab43"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab43/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab43/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appf.tab43"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appftab43">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">23/99 (23.2%)</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><p>
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<b>Economic evidence study selection for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Economic evidence study selection for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?“</b>
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</p><p>A global health economics search was undertaken for all areas covered in the guideline. The flow diagram of economic article selection across all reviews is provided in <a href="/books/NBK560211/bin/bm1.pdf">Appendix A of Supplement 1 – Methods Chapter</a>’.</p></div><div id="ch6.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><p>
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<b>Economic evidence tables for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</b>
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</p><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p><p>
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<b>Economic evidence tables for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?“</b>
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</p><div id="ch6.apph.s1"><h4>Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</h4><p>
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Mihalopoulos
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C, Magnus
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A, Lal
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A (2015) Is implementation of the 2013 Australian treatment guidelines for posttraumatic stress disorder cost-effective compared to current practice? A cost-utility analysis using QALYs and DALYs. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
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49(4), 360–76 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25348698" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25348698</span></a>]
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</p><p id="ch6.apph.et1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6-apph-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (99K)</span></p></div></div><div id="ch6.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Health economic evidence profiles</h3><p>
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<b>Economic evidence tables for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</b>
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</p><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review.</p><p>
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<b>Economic evidence tables for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?“</b>
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</p><p id="ch6.appi.et1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6-appi-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (89K)</span></p><p>The economic evidence profile for the guideline economic analysis of psychological interventions for the treatment of adults with clinically important PTSD symptoms 3 months post-trauma, which includes SSRIs as one of the interventions assessed, is provided in <a href="/books/n/niceng116er4/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Appendix I</a> of <a href="/books/n/niceng116er4/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence Report D</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Health economic analysis</h3><p>
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<b>Health economic analysis for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Health economic analysis for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?“</b>
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</p><p>No separate health economic analysis was conducted for these reviews. The cost effectiveness of SSRIs relative to other psychological interventions for the treatment of adults with clinically important PTSD symptoms more than 3 months after trauma was assessed in de novo economic modelling that is described in <a href="/books/n/niceng116er4/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Appendix J</a> of <a href="/books/n/niceng116er4/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence Report D</a>.</p></div><div id="ch6.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch6.appk.s1"><h4>Clinical studies</h4><div id="ch6.appk.s1.1"><h5>Excluded studies for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?”</h5><div id="ch6.appk.s1.1.1"><h5>Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab1" rid-ob="figobch6appktab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab1">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.1.2"><h5>Benzodiazepines</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab2"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab2" rid-ob="figobch6appktab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab2">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.1.3"><h5>Other drugs</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab3"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab3" rid-ob="figobch6appktab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab3">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2"><h5>Excluded studies for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?“</h5><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2.1"><h5>Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab4"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab4" rid-ob="figobch6appktab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab4">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2.2"><h5>Antidepressants: Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab5"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab5" rid-ob="figobch6appktab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab5">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2.3"><h5>Antidepressants: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab6"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab6" rid-ob="figobch6appktab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab6">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2.4"><h5>Antidepressants: Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab7"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab7" rid-ob="figobch6appktab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab7">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2.5"><h5>Antidepressants: Other antidepressants</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab8"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab8" rid-ob="figobch6appktab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab8">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2.6"><h5>Anticonvulsants</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab9"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab9" rid-ob="figobch6appktab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab9">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2.7"><h5>Antipsychotics</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab10"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab10" rid-ob="figobch6appktab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab10">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2.8"><h5>Benzodiazepines</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab11"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab11" rid-ob="figobch6appktab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab11">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.2.9"><h5>Other drugs</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch6appktab12"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch6appktab12" rid-ob="figobch6appktab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch6.appk.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch6appktab12">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appk.s1.3"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>No economic studies were reviewed at full text and excluded from these reviews.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch6.appl"><h3>Appendix L. Research recommendations</h3><p>
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<b>Research recommendation for “For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Research recommendation for “For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?“</b>
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</p><p>No research recommendations were made for these review questions.</p></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews</p><p>These evidence reviews were developed by the National Guideline Alliance hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2018.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK560211</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32757550" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32757550</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab1"><div id="ch6.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO table for review of pharmacological interventions versus comparator treatments for PTSD prevention in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Adults at risk of PTSD (defined in accordance with DSM as exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violation)</p>
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<p>This population includes people with a diagnosis of acute stress disorder/acute stress reaction (according to DSM, ICD or similar criteria), people with clinically important PTSD symptoms within a month of the traumatic event, and people with subthreshold symptoms</p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch6.l2"><li id="ch6.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSRIs:<ul id="ch6.l3" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>fluoxetine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>paroxetine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>sertraline</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>TCAs:<ul id="ch6.l4" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>amitriptyline</div></li><li id="ch6.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>imipramine</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>MAOIs:<ul id="ch6.l5" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>brofaromine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>phenelzine</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>SNRIs:<ul id="ch6.l6" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>venlafaxine</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other antidepressant drugs:<ul id="ch6.l7" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>mirtazapine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>nefazodone</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anticonvulsants<ul id="ch6.l8" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>carbamazepine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>divalproex</div></li><li id="ch6.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>lamotrigine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>tiagabine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>topiramate</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antipsychotics<ul id="ch6.l9" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>olanzapine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>risperidone</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anxiolytics:<ul id="ch6.l10" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>buspirone</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>Benzodiazepines<ul id="ch6.l11" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>alprazolam</div></li><li id="ch6.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>clonazepam</div></li><li id="ch6.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>diazepam</div></li><li id="ch6.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>lorazepam</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other drugs:<ul id="ch6.l12" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>clonidine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>cortisol</div></li><li id="ch6.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>d-cycloserine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>ketamine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>MDMA</div></li><li id="ch6.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>neuropeptide-Y</div></li><li id="ch6.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>oxytocin</div></li><li id="ch6.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>prazosin</div></li><li id="ch6.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>propranolol</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch6.l13"><li id="ch6.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>Any other intervention</div></li><li id="ch6.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Critical outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch6.l14"><li id="ch6.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>Efficacy (PTSD symptoms/diagnosis)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>Acceptability/tolerability of the intervention (discontinuation for any reason and discontinuation due to adverse events used as a proxy)</div></li></ul>
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<b>Important outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch6.l15"><li id="ch6.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dissociative symptoms</div></li><li id="ch6.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>Personal/social/occupational functioning (including global functioning/functional impairment)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleeping difficulties</div></li><li id="ch6.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li id="ch6.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms of a coexisting condition (including anxiety and depression)</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab2"><div id="ch6.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: SSRIs for early prevention (<1 month)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Escitalopram versus placebo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (31)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref1">Suliman 2015</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">South Africa</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinically important PTSD symptoms (scoring above a threshold on validated scale)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.5 (range NR)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Depression (34%); other anxiety disorders (21%); alcohol dependence or abuse (17%); antisocial personality disorder (3%)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR (≤1 month)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed: Physical or sexual assault (69%); other, including motor vehicle accident or witnessing event (31%)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Escitalopram, 10–20mg/day</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note. None</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME – Black and minority ethnic; NR-Not reported; PTSD-Post-traumatic stress disorder; SSRI – Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab3"><div id="ch6.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Escitalopram versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Corresponding risk Escitalopram</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
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<p>CAPS change score</p>
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<p>Follow-up: mean 24 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
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<p>0.9 standard deviations higher</p>
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<p>(0.12 to 1.68 higher)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>29</p>
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<p>(1 study)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Depression symptoms</p>
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<p>MADRS change score</p>
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<p>Follow-up: mean 24 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
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<p>0.5 standard deviations higher</p>
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<p>(0.25 lower to 1.25 higher)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>29</p>
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<p>(1 study)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Functional impairment</p>
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<p>SDS change score</p>
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<p>Follow-up: mean 24 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean functional impairment in the intervention groups was</p>
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<p>0.49 standard deviations higher</p>
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<p>(0.26 lower to 1.24 higher)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>29</p>
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<p>(1 study)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events) - Clinically important PTSD symptoms at baseline</p>
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<p>Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason</p>
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<p>Follow-up: mean 24 weeks</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>84 per 1000</p>
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<p>(6 to 1000)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>RR 1.42</p>
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<p>(0.1 to 20.49)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>29</p>
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<p>(1 study)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, Confidence Interval; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale, RR, Risk ratio.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Significant group difference at baseline and non-blind outcome assessment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab3_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab3_5"><p class="no_margin">Significant group difference at baseline</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab3_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab4"><div id="ch6.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Anticonvulsants for early prevention (<1 month)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gabapentin versus placebo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (48)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref2">Stein 2007</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-significant symptoms (below threshold and <50% maximum score on scale)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 29 (18–61)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.066 (within 48 hours)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Motor Vehicle Collision: Motor vehicle collisions (58%); falls (21%); burns (6%); pedestrian versus automobile (4%); assault (4%); other (6%)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gabapentin, 900–1200mg/day (starting at 3 daily doses of 300mg and titrated upwards after 2 days to 3 daily doses of 400mg)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note. None</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and minority ethnic; NR, Not reported.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab5"><div id="ch6.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Gabapentin versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Corresponding risk Gabapentin</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>PTSD/ASD symptomatology</p>
|
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<p>ASDS endpoint score</p>
|
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<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD/ASD symptomatology in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.16 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.57 lower to 0.89 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CIDI</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">294 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>429 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(165 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.46</p>
|
|
<p>(0.56 to 3.78)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events) - Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(1 to 544)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.24</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01 to 4.62)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">ASD, Acute Stress Disorder; CI, Confidence Interval; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab6"><div id="ch6.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Benzodiazepines for early prevention (<1 month)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Temazepam versus placebo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (22)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref3" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref3">Mellman 2002</a>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinically important PTSD symptoms (scoring above a threshold on validated scale)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.1 (range NR)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All participants had sleep disturbance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.47 (mean 14.3 days)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Motor Vehicle Collision: Motor vehicle accident (68%); industrial accidents (9%); impersonal assaults (23%)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Temazepam, 30mg at bedtime for 5 nights followed by 15mg for 2 nights</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note. None</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME – Black and minority ethnic; NR-Not reported; PTSD-Post-traumatic stress disorder;</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab7"><div id="ch6.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Temazepam versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Corresponding risk Temazepam</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.55 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.35 lower to 1.45 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.18 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.65 lower to 1.02 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diagnosis of PTSD at 1-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">273 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>545 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(180 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2</p>
|
|
<p>(0.66 to 6.04)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, Confidence Interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab7_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab8"><div id="ch6.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Other drugs for early prevention (<1 month)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Hydrocortisone versus placebo</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oxytocin versus placebo</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Propranolol versus placebo</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Propranolol versus gabapentin</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (68)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (120)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (132)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (48)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref4" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref4">Delahanty 2013</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref9" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref9">van Zuiden 2017</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref6" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref6">Hoge 2012</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
1
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref7">Pitman 2002</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref2">Stein 2007</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
3
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref2">Stein 2007</a>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Netherlands</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Unclear<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>Non-significant symptoms (below threshold and <50% maximum score on scale)<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-significant symptoms (below threshold and <50% maximum score on scale)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.6 (18–56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.5 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>33.5 (range NR)<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>34.3 (range NR)<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>Median 29 (18–61)<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Median 29 (18–61)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>56<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>51<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>46<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>NR<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>65<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.016 (within 12 hours)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.29 (mean 8.9 days, inclusion criterion within 12 days)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>0.006 (mean 4.44 hours)<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>0.008 (within 6 hours)<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>0.066 (within 48 hours)<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.066 (within 48 hours)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Motor Vehicle Collision: Motor vehicle accident (58%); fall (19%); assault (17%); other (6%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unintentional injury: 80% accidental; 20% assault</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Motor Vehicle Collision: Motor vehicle accident (63%); work injury (10%); burn/electric shock (10%); falls (7%); physical assault (5%); hit by bicycle (2%); fire (2%)<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>Motor Vehicle Collision: Motor vehicle accident (71%)<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>Motor Vehicle Collision: Motor vehicle collisions (58%); falls (21%); burns (6%); pedestrian versus automobile (4%); assault (4%); other (6%)<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Motor Vehicle Collision: Motor vehicle collisions (58%); falls (21%); burns (6%); pedestrian versus automobile (4%); assault (4%); other (6%)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low dose hydrocortisone (40mg/day; 20mg every 12 hours)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oxytocin, 40 IU/dose twice daily (5 puffs of 4 IU per nostril per dose)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Propranolol, initial dose of 40mg short-acting propranolol followed by 60mg long-acting propranolol 1-hour later, and then continued long-acting propranolol 240mg/day (120mg morning and evening) for 10 days and then tapering for 9 days<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>Propranolol, 160mg/day (in 4 doses of 40mg)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
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<p>Propranolol, 60–120mg/day (starting at 3 daily doses of 20mg and titrated upwards after 2 days to 3 daily doses of 40mg)<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Propranolol, 60–120mg/day (starting at 3 daily doses of 20mg and titrated upwards after 2 days to 3 daily doses of 40mg)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intranasal</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean doses administered 14.24 (SD=2.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49% showed high drug compliance (defined as taking ≥90% of medication doses as indicated by participant’s log, pill count by staff and Medication Event Monitoring System [MES])<sup>1</sup> NR<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gabapentin, 900–1200mg/day (starting at 3 daily doses of 300mg and titrated upwards after 2 days to 3 daily doses of 400mg)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.4 (+ 0.9 taper period)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1.4 (+ 1.3 taper period)<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>2<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref6" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref6">Hoge 2012</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref7">Pitman 2002</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref2">Stein 2007</a>
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</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME – Black and minority ethnic; NR-Not reported; PTSD-Post-traumatic stress disorder.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab9"><div id="ch6.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months) of non-significant PTSD symptoms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Prazosin versus placebo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (34)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.1.ref5" rid="ch6.s1.1.ref5">Germain 2012</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-significant symptoms (below threshold and <50% maximum score on scale)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.3 (range NR)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All participants had sleep complaints. SCID primary diagnosis: 3% Generalized anxiety disorder; 24% Primary insomnia or insomnia related to another disorder; 6% no diagnosis on axis I</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat. Combat Theatre: 48% Operations Iraqi/Enduring Freedom; 18% Persian Gulf War; 12% Vietnam; 6% Other theatre of operations; 15% No conflict</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prazosin (1–15mg/day)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean final dose 8.9 mg (SD=5.7 mg; range 1–15 mg)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note. None</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME – Black and minority ethnic; NR-Not reported; SCID – Semi-structured interview for making the major DSM-IV Axis I Diagnoses.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab10"><div id="ch6.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Hydrocortisone versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Corresponding risk Hydrocortisone</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS endpoint score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.62 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.38 to 1.86 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>51</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS endpoint score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 2 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.96 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.85 to 2.07 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>43</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diagnosis of PTSD at endpoint CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>83 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(16 to 458)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.75</p>
|
|
<p>(0.14 to 4.12)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>51</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diagnosis of PTSD at 2-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 2 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(1 to 407)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.18</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01 to 3.26)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>43</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>CES-D endpoint score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.57 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.48 to 2.66 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>51</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at 2-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CES-D endpoint score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 2 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at 2-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.71 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(4.73 to 2.69 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>43</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>SF-36 General health change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.51 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.61 to 4.41 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>51</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants who dropped out due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 0)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 3.19</p>
|
|
<p>(0.13 to 75.43)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, Confidence Interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab11"><div id="ch6.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Oxytocin versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Corresponding risk Oxytocin</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>IES-R change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.39 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.78 to 0.01 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 2-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>IES-R change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 2 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 2-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.27 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.65 lower to 0.11 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 5-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>IES-R change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 5 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 5-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.08 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.46 lower to 0.3 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.2 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.58 lower to 0.18 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 2 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.44 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.83 to 0.06 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 5-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 5 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 5-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.16 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.54 lower to 0.22 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms at 1-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>HADS-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms at 1-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.31 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.7 lower to 0.07 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms at 2-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>HADS-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 2 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms at 2-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.33 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.71 lower to 0.05 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms at 5-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>HADS-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 5 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms at 5-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.51 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.89 to 0.12 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at 1-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>HADS-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at 1-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.13 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.51 lower to 0.25 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at 2-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>HADS-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 2 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at 2-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.07 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.45 lower to 0.31 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at 5-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>HADS-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 5 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at 5-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.13 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.51 lower to 0.25 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events) - Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">293 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>340 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(199 to 574)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.16</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68 to 1.96)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, Confidence Interval; HADS-A, Hospital anxiety and depression scale; HADS-D, German version of hospital anxiety and depression scale; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, Standard mean difference, RR, Risk Ratio.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">Non-blind outcome assessment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab12"><div id="ch6.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Propranolol versus placebo for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Corresponding risk Propranolol</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>ASDS endpoint score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.36 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.11 lower to 0.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS endpoint score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.16 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.63 lower to 0.31 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>72</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS endpoint score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 2 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.08 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.53 lower to 0.7 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>41</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diagnosis of PTSD at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">366 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>388 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(223 to 670)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.06</p>
|
|
<p>(0.61 to 1.83)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diagnosis of PTSD at 2–3 month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS/CIDI</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 2–3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">344 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>406 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(255 to 651)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.18</p>
|
|
<p>(0.74 to 1.89)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>118</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>226 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(92 to 557)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.3</p>
|
|
<p>(0.94 to 5.66)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>118</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">ASD, Acute Stress Disorder; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, Confidence Interval; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab12_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab13"><div id="ch6.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Propranolol versus gabapentin for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed risk Gabapentin</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Corresponding risk Propranolol</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>ASDS endpoint score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.48 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.25 lower to 0.29 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>27</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CIDI</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">429 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>471 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(214 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.1</p>
|
|
<p>(0.5 to 2.41)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events) - Non-significant PTSD symptoms at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 1 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 0)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 7.5</p>
|
|
<p>(0.44 to 128.4)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">ASD, Acute Stress Disorder; CI, Confidence Interval; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab14"><div id="ch6.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Prazosin versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of non-significant PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Corresponding risk Prazosin</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>PCL change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.94 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.72 to 0.15 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 4-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>PCL change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 4 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 4-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.12 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.02 to 0.23 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>BAI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.32 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.08 lower to 0.45 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>27</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms at 4-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>BAI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 4 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms at 4-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.76 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.61 lower to 0.1 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>BDI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.54 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.3 lower to 0.22 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at 4-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>BDI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 4 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at 4-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.96 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.83 to 0.09 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean functional impairment at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.23 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.98 lower to 0.52 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment at 4-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 4 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean functional impairment at 4-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.52 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.38 lower to 0.33 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sleeping difficulties at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>PSQI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleeping difficulties at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.01 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.82 to 0.2 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>27</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sleeping difficulties at 4-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>PSQI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 4 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleeping difficulties at 4-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.15 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.04 to 0.25 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">250 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>278 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(90 to 860)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.11</p>
|
|
<p>(0.36 to 3.44)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>34</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants who dropped out due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>55 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(5 to 556)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.44</p>
|
|
<p>(0.04 to 4.45)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>34</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CI, Confidence Interval; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; PC, Self-report measure; PSQI-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab15"><div id="ch6.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults with PTSD (as defined by a diagnosis of PTSD according to DSM, ICD or similar criteria, or clinically-significant PTSD symptoms as indicated by baseline scores above threshold on a validated scale more than one month after the traumatic event)</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l18"><li id="ch6.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>SSRIs:<ul id="ch6.l19" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>fluoxetine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>paroxetine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>sertraline</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>TCAs:<ul id="ch6.l20" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt67" class="half_rhythm"><div>amitriptyline</div></li><li id="ch6.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>imipramine</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>MAOIs:<ul id="ch6.l21" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>brofaromine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>phenelzine</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt72" class="half_rhythm"><div>SNRIs:<ul id="ch6.l22" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt73" class="half_rhythm"><div>venlafaxine</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt74" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other antidepressant drugs:<ul id="ch6.l23" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt75" class="half_rhythm"><div>mirtazapine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt76" class="half_rhythm"><div>nefazodone</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt77" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anticonvulsants:<ul id="ch6.l24" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt78" class="half_rhythm"><div>carbamazepine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt79" class="half_rhythm"><div>divalproex</div></li><li id="ch6.lt80" class="half_rhythm"><div>lamotrigine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt81" class="half_rhythm"><div>tiagabine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt82" class="half_rhythm"><div>topiramate</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt83" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antipsychotics:<ul id="ch6.l25" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt84" class="half_rhythm"><div>olanzapine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt85" class="half_rhythm"><div>risperidone</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt86" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anxiolytics:<ul id="ch6.l26" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt87" class="half_rhythm"><div>buspirone</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt88" class="half_rhythm"><div>Benzodiazepines:<ul id="ch6.l27" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt89" class="half_rhythm"><div>alprazolam</div></li><li id="ch6.lt90" class="half_rhythm"><div>clonazepam</div></li><li id="ch6.lt91" class="half_rhythm"><div>diazepam</div></li><li id="ch6.lt92" class="half_rhythm"><div>lorazepam</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch6.lt93" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other drugs:<ul id="ch6.l28" class="circle"><li id="ch6.lt94" class="half_rhythm"><div>clonidine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt95" class="half_rhythm"><div>cortisol</div></li><li id="ch6.lt96" class="half_rhythm"><div>d-cycloserine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt97" class="half_rhythm"><div>ketamine</div></li><li id="ch6.lt98" class="half_rhythm"><div>MDMA</div></li><li id="ch6.lt99" class="half_rhythm"><div>neuropeptide-Y</div></li><li id="ch6.lt100" class="half_rhythm"><div>oxytocin</div></li><li id="ch6.lt101" class="half_rhythm"><div>prazosin</div></li><li id="ch6.lt102" class="half_rhythm"><div>propranolol</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch6.l29"><li id="ch6.lt103" class="half_rhythm"><div>Any other intervention</div></li><li id="ch6.lt104" class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.tab15_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</th><td headers="hd_b_ch6.tab15_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:<ul id="ch6.l30"><li id="ch6.lt105" class="half_rhythm"><div>Efficacy (PTSD symptoms/diagnosis/response/remission/relapse)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt106" class="half_rhythm"><div>Acceptability/tolerability of the intervention (discontinuation for any reason and discontinuation due to adverse events used as a proxy)</div></li></ul>Important outcomes:<ul id="ch6.l31"><li id="ch6.lt107" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dissociative symptoms</div></li><li id="ch6.lt108" class="half_rhythm"><div>Personal/social/occupational functioning (including global functioning/functional impairment)</div></li><li id="ch6.lt109" class="half_rhythm"><div>Sleeping difficulties</div></li><li id="ch6.lt110" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li id="ch6.lt111" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms of a coexisting condition (including anxiety and depression)</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab16"><div id="ch6.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 1</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SSRIs versus placebo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 (4547)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref10">Brady 2000</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
1
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref15" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref15">Connor 1999b</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref17" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref17">Davidson 2001b</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
3
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref18" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref18">Davidson 2004a</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
4
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref20" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref20">Davidson 2006b/Davidson unpublished</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
5
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref22" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref22">Friedman 2007</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
6
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>GSK 29060627<sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref26" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref26">Li 2017</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
8
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref27" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref27">Marshall 2001</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
9
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref28" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref28">Marshall 2007</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
10
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref29" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref29">Martenyi 2002a</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
11
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref30" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref30">Martenyi 2007</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
12
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref33" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref33">Panahi 2011</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
13
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Pfizer 588<sup>14</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Pfizer 589<sup>15</sup></p>
|
|
<p>SKB627<sup>16</sup></p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref44" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref44">Tucker 2001</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
17
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref45" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref45">Tucker 2003/2004</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
18
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref47" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref47">van der Kolk 2007</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
19
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref48" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref48">Zohar 2002</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
20
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>US<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>14</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>18</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, South Africa, UK, Italy, Israel, and Switzerland<sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>China<sup>8</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Belgium, Bosnia, Croatia, Israel, South Africa, Yugoslavia<sup>11</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Iran<sup>13</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Unclear<sup>16</sup></p>
|
|
<p>US and Canada<sup>17</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Israel<sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>146<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Median 6 years<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>147<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR (pooled data from <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref10">Brady 2000</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref17" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref17">Davidson 2001b</a>)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR (≥6 months)<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
<p>219<sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR (≥3 months inclusion criterion)<sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup></p>
|
|
<p>238.8<sup>8</sup></p>
|
|
<p>188.4<sup>9</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>11</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>18</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
<p>289<sup>13</sup></p>
|
|
<p>126<sup>14</sup></p>
|
|
<p>216<sup>15</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR (‘chronic’)<sup>16</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>17</sup></p>
|
|
<p>88<sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>39.9 (18–69)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Median 37 (range NR)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>37.1 (18–69)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>38.4 (range NR)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup></p>
|
|
<p>45.3 (range NR)<sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>39.2 (range NR)<sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>46 (range NR)<sup>8</sup></p>
|
|
<p>41.8 (range NR)<sup>9</sup></p>
|
|
<p>39.8 (range NR)<sup>10</sup></p>
|
|
<p>37.9 (range NR)<sup>11</sup></p>
|
|
<p>40.7 (range NR)<sup>12</sup></p>
|
|
<p>45.6 (range NR)<sup>13</sup></p>
|
|
<p>37 (range NR)<sup>14</sup></p>
|
|
<p>45 (range NR)<sup>15</sup></p>
|
|
<p>40.8 (18–78)<sup>17</sup></p>
|
|
<p>38.7 (range NR)<sup>18</sup></p>
|
|
<p>36.1 (range NR)<sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
<p>39.6 (range NR)<sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>73<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>91<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>78<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>76<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup></p>
|
|
<p>54<sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup></p>
|
|
<p>13<sup>8</sup></p>
|
|
<p>67<sup>10</sup></p>
|
|
<p>19<sup>11</sup></p>
|
|
<p>72<sup>12</sup></p>
|
|
<p>0<sup>13</sup></p>
|
|
<p>75<sup>14</sup></p>
|
|
<p>20<sup>15</sup></p>
|
|
<p>66<sup>17</sup></p>
|
|
<p>74<sup>18</sup></p>
|
|
<p>83<sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
<p>12<sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>7<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>16<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>13</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>14</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
<p>31<sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>8<sup>7</sup></p>
|
|
<p>75<sup>10</sup></p>
|
|
<p>9<sup>11</sup></p>
|
|
<p>23<sup>12</sup></p>
|
|
<p>28<sup>17</sup></p>
|
|
<p>14<sup>18</sup></p>
|
|
<p>33<sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Major depression (33%); anxiety disorder (16%)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>11</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>13</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>14</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Major depression (40%); anxiety disorder (20%)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Major depression (47%); anxiety disorder (19%)<sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>45% met DSM-IV criteria for MDD. Other comorbid diagnoses (across the three treatment groups) included generalized anxiety disorder (28%–32%), agoraphobia (21%–25%), panic disorder (14%–17%), and dysthymia (9%–12%)<sup>9</sup></p>
|
|
<p>81% had at least one additional Axis I diagnosis: social phobia (23%); major depressive disorder (63%); and panic disorder (15%). At least one personality disorder diagnosis was observed in 41%10</p>
|
|
<p>35% MDD; 16% GAD; 11% panic disorder; 9% social anxiety disorder; 2% OCD<sup>17</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Axis I diagnoses (secondary to PTSD): 76% MDD; 3% dysthymia; 12% both MDD and panic disorder<sup>18</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean 3.2 comorbid Axis I/II diagnoses<sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>224<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>11</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>13</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>18</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
<p>221<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR (pooled data from <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref10">Brady 2000</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref17" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref17">Davidson 2001b</a>)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>278<sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>188.4<sup>9</sup></p>
|
|
<p>180<sup>14</sup></p>
|
|
<p>216<sup>15</sup></p>
|
|
<p>178.3<sup>17</sup></p>
|
|
<p>154.8<sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mixed: 61% physical or sexual assault; 9% serious unintentional injury or fire; 9% seeing someone hurt or die; 6% being in war or combat; 15% miscellaneous other events<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed. Civilian trauma: Rape (26%); incest or spousal sexual abuse (15%); physical abuse (11%); traumatic bereavement (13%); violent crime (13%); accident (8%); other (13%)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: 62% physical or sexual assault; 12% seeing someone hurt or die; 12% serious accident/fire/injury; 5% being in a war or combat; 9% other event<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: NR (pooled data from <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref10">Brady 2000</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref17" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref17">Davidson 2001b</a>)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: Most common types of primary trauma were nonsexual abuse (26%), adult sexual abuse (16%), childhood sexual abuse (15%), unexpected death (13%), accidental injury (12%), and combat (9%)<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: 71% being in war or combat; 15% physical or sexual assault; 8% seeing someone hurt or die; 2% serious accident, injury or fire; 4% miscellaneous other events<sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Unclear (no details reported)<sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: Presence of chemical burn (33%); military-related trauma (19%)<sup>8</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: The most common trauma types in the three treatment groups were physical or sexual assault (48%–54%), witnessing injury or death (17%–18%), serious accident or injury (6%–12%), and combat (5%–8%)<sup>9</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: Sexual assault or abuse (15%); both sexual and physical assault/abuse (21%); physical assault or abuse (48%); and other (witnessing events, fire, accident; 15%)<sup>10</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: Multiple traumas of combat-related type (48%) and/or as a victim of war or witness of war event (47%)<sup>11</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: 5% Combat-related; 27% Sexual assault; 16% Domestic violence; 12% Accident; 11% Incest; 10% Witnessed another person’s death<sup>12</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: Iranian Iran–Iraq war veteran<sup>13</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: Physical/sexual assault<sup>14</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat. Most common trauma: war/combat (71%)<sup>15</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: Most common trauma types: Physical or sexual assault (49%); seeing someone hurt or die (19%); serious accident or injury (10%); combat exposure (7%)<sup>17</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: Physical abuse, assault (31%); sexual abuse, rape (24%); witness violent death (14%); life-threatening event (12%); tornado (5%); terrorist bomb (5%); combat (3%); motor vehicle accident (3%); nuclear bomb exposure (2%)<sup>18</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: 28% child sexual abuse; 5% child physical abuse; 9% child sexual and physical abuse; 9% adult sexual assault; 6% adult physical assault; 8% domestic violence; 7% other adult victimization; 9% traumatic loss; 3% war/terrorism/violence; 16% injury/accident<sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: Combat-related PTSD in Israeli military veterans. The index traumatic event, defined as the event that was currently most distressing to the patient, consisted of combat-related violence (76%), motor vehicle accident (19%), and captivity (5%)<sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Single<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>14</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>17</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>18</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Multiple<sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>11</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>13</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>19</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Unclear<sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>10</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>13</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>14</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>17</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>18</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>19</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Lifetime experience of trauma: 4% 1 trauma; 8% 2 traumas; 15% 3 traumas; 23% 4–6 traumas; 30% 7–9 traumas; 21% >9 traumas<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>53% 1 trauma; 47% ≥2 traumas<sup>11</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sertraline, titrated up to 200mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Fluoxetine, up to a maximum of 60mg/day<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Sertraline, 25–200mg/day<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NA (Pooled data analysis of <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref10">Brady 2000</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref17" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref17">Davidson 2001b</a>)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Paroxetine, 20–50mg/day<sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>17</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Sertraline, 135mg/day<sup>8</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Paroxetine: Two fixed dose arms combined (20mg and 40mg)<sup>9</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Paroxetine, 10–60mg/day<sup>10</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Fluoxetine, 20–80mg/day<sup>11</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Fluoxetine: Two fixed dose arms combined, 20mg/day and 40mg/day<sup>12</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Sertraline, 50–200mg/day<sup>13</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Sertraline (planned dosage NR)<sup>14</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Two arms combined: sertraline (50–200mg/day) and citalopram (20–50mg/day)<sup>18</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Fluoxetine, 10–60mg/day<sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 133.3mg/day (SD=59.2)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Median daily dose 30mg<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 146.3mg/day (SD=49.3)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NA (Pooled data analysis of <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref10">Brady 2000</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref17" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref17">Davidson 2001b</a>)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>The mean average prescribed daily dose was 110.2 mg/d for sertraline and the mean maximum prescribed daily dose was 151.4 mg/d (range, 25.0–200.0 mg/d). 49% (85/173) of patients in the sertraline group achieved maximum dosing<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 135mg/day (SD=61.9)<sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 40.4 mg/day (SD=17.7)<sup>10</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 57mg/day<sup>11</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 140mg/day (SD=33)<sup>13</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 156 mg/day<sup>14</sup> Mean final dose 135mg/day<sup>15</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean dosage during the study 27.6mg/day (SD=6.72)<sup>17</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 134.1mg/day for sertraline and 36.2mg/day for citalopram<sup>18</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean dose during study 30mg/day and final modal dose 40mg/day<sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 120mg/day (SD=60)<sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Placebo (actual intensity, dose equivalent, NR)<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>11</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>14</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>17</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>19</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo. Median daily dose 40mg<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean final dose 172mg/day (SD=49)<sup>6</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean final dose 43.2mg (SD=17.3)<sup>10</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean final dose 131mg/day (SD=29)<sup>13</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean final dose 2.1 tablets/day<sup>18</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean final dose 147mg/day (SD=56)<sup>20</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>11</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>12</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>16</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>17</sup></p>
|
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<p>NA (Pooled data analysis of <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref10">Brady 2000</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref17" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref17">Davidson 2001b</a>)<sup>4</sup></p>
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<p>10<sup>10</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>13</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>15</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>18</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>20</sup></p>
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<p>11<sup>14</sup></p>
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<p>8<sup>19</sup></p>
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|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; GAD, generalised anxiety disorder; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref10" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref10">Brady 2000</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref15" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref15">Connor 1999b</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_3"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref17" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref17">Davidson 2001b</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_4"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref18" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref18">Davidson 2004a</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_5"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref20" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref20">Davidson 2006b</a>/Davidson unpublished;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_6"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref22" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref22">Friedman 2007</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_7"><p class="no_margin">GSK 29060 627;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_8"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref26" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref26">Li 2017</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_9"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref27" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref27">Marshall 2001</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_10"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref28" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref28">Marshall 2007</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_11"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref29" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref29">Martenyi 2002a</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_12"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref30" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref30">Martenyi 2007</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_13"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref33" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref33">Panahi 2011</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_14"><p class="no_margin">Pfizer 588;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_15"><p class="no_margin">Pfizer 589;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_16"><p class="no_margin">SKB627;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_17"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref44" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref44">Tucker 2001</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_18"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref45" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref45">Tucker 2003/2004</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_19"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref47" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref47">van der Kolk 2007</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab16_20"><p class="no_margin">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref48" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref48">Zohar 2002</a>
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</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab17"><div id="ch6.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 2</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SSRI + TF-CBT versus (+/− placebo +) TFCBT</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sertraline (+ non-TF-CBT) versus placebo (+ non-TF-CBT)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paroxetine versus amitriptyline</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SSRI versus mirtazapine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (292)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (50)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (153)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref11" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref11">Buhmann 2016</a>
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<sup>
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1
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</sup>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref36" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref36">Popiel 2015</a>
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<sup>
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2
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</sup>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref38" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref38">Schneier 2012</a>
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<sup>
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3
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</sup>
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</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref24" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref24">Hien 2015/Ruglass 2015</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref12" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref12">Celik 2011</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref13" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref13">Chung 2004/2005</a>
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<sup>
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4
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</sup>
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</p>
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref39" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref39">Seo 2010</a>
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<sup>
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5
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</sup>
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</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Denmark<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>Poland<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>US<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turkey</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Korea</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>166<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>NR<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>77.8<sup>3</sup></p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">205</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR (‘chronic’)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>414<sup>4</sup></p>
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<p>NR<sup>5</sup></p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>45.5 (range NR)<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>35.4 (range NR)<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>50.3 (range NR)<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.4 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.8 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>59.8 (range NR)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>37.3 (range NR)<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>45<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>54<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>0<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>70<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
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<p>32<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients were not excluded solely based on psychotic symptoms (12% psychotic during treatment). 94% depression according to ICD-10. 27% Personality change after catastrophic events (ICD-10 code F62.0). 23% report traumatic brain injury<sup>1</sup> 61% Comorbid Axis I disorder; 45% Comorbid personality disorder; 18% traumatic brain injury in MVA<sup>2</sup> 70% current axis I disorder (66% mood disorder); 16% current axis II disorder<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alcohol dependence: 88% alcohol dependence; 4% alcohol abuse; 42% early-onset AUD. Drug dependence: 12% cannabis dependence; 30% cocaine dependence; 55% comorbid AUD and SUD. 61% current major depression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>17% MDD, 79% dysthymia and 4% dysthymia and MDD<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>None of the participants had current diagnosis of any other DSM-IV axis I disorder (exclusion criterion)<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>NR<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>18.3<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR (26% 0–6 months; 12% 6 months-3 years; 62% >3 years)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>15.6<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mixed: 39% torture; 22% refugee camp; 57% Danish asylum centre; 27% ex-combatant<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Motor Vehicle Collision. Status during MVC: Driver (34%); Passenger (33%); Cyclist (5%); Pedestrian (16%); Found out about death (7%); Other (4%). Patient considered MVA perpetrator (10%)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Terrorist attack: World Trade Centre attack. All participants reported having been in the vicinity of the World Trade Centre at the time of the attack or building collapse (in the World Trade Centre [22%], in nearby lower Manhattan [65%], arrived in immediate aftermath to help [14%]). 84% were emergently evacuated; 32% reported loss of an immediate family member or close friend<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index trauma not reported</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat. Combat-related PTSD: 86% gun battle; 10% mine; 5% hand grenade</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Military combat: Veterans of the Korean or Vietnam war<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Motor Vehicle Collision: Traffic accident (78%); physical assault (10%); sexual assault (3%); witnessing a trauma (3%); other accidents (8%)<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Multiple<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Single<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Multiple<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Single<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Number of previous traumatic events (before current MVA): 2.1 (SD=1.2). 4% childhood trauma<sup>2</sup> 38% had history of prior trauma<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime traumatic experiences: 46% child physical; 46% adult physical; 39% child sexual; 36% adult sexual; 67% transportation accident; 22% life-threatening illness; 35% exposed to violent death</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sertraline (titrated up to 200mg/day). Participants reporting problems sleeping were supplemented with mianserin in doses of 10–30mg at night, with doses titrated weekly by 10 mg. Patients who had too many side-effects from sertraline were switched to mianserin solely. After 2 months sertraline was combined with manualised CBT treatment and included methods from acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), mindfulness exercises and in vivo and visualised exposure for 4 months of weekly CBT sessions<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Paroxetine 20mg/day (standard dose) + prolonged exposure (PE; following manual by Foa et al. 2007; 10–12x weekly 90-min sessions)<sup>2</sup> Paroxetine (12.5–50mg/day) + prolonged exposure (following protocol of Foa & Rothbaum, 1998; 10x weekly 90-min sessions)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sertraline (50–200mg/day) combined with integrated, present-Focused CBT, Seeking Safety (Najavits, 2002)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paroxetine, titrated up to 60mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sertraline (planned intensity NR)<sup>4</sup></p>
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|
<p>Paroxetine, 10–60mg/day<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean maximum dose of sertraline was 132.1 mg (+/− 56 mg) and 20.0 (+/− 10 mg) of mianserin. The end dose of both drugs was slightly lower at 119.3 mg sertraline (+/− 66 mg) and 15.7 mg (+/− 12 mg) mianserin. The mean number of sessions with a physician was nine. CBT consisted of, on average, 12 sessions<sup>1</sup></p>
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|
<p>Mean attended PE sessions 8.0 (SD = 3.4)<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>NR<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean attendance rates for CBT were 6.7 sessions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Mean daily dose was 101.5 mg/day<sup>4</sup></p>
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<p>Mean final dose 38.9mg/day (SD=10.2)<sup>5</sup></p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Trauma-focused cognitive therapy<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>Prolonged exposure (PE; following manual by Foa et al. 2007)<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>Placebo + prolonged exposure<sup>3</sup></p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo combined with integrated, present-Focused CBT, Seeking Safety (Najavits, 2002)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amitriptyline, 75–200mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<p>Mirtazapine (planned intensity NR). Mean daily dose 34.1mg<sup>4</sup></p>
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|
<p>Mirtazapine, 1560mg/day. Mean final dose 43.9mg/day (SD=15.0)<sup>5</sup></p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>26<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>12<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>10<sup>3</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>6<sup>4</sup></p>
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<p>8<sup>5</sup></p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AUD, alcohol use disorders; BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; MVA, motor vehicle accidents; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; PE, psychoeducation; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; SUD, substance use disorder; TF-CBT, trauma-focused-cognitive behavioural therapy</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref11" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref11">Buhmann 2016</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref36" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref36">Popiel 2015</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_3"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref38" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref38">Schneier 2012</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_4"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref13" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref13">Chung 2004/2005</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab17_5"><p class="no_margin">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref39" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref39">Seo 2010</a>
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</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab18"><div id="ch6.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 3</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sertraline versus venlafaxine</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sertraline (+ TF-CBT) versus venlafaxine (+ TF-CBT)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sertraline versus nefazodone</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (538)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (207)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (97)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref20" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref20">Davidson 2006b/Davidson unpublished</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref42" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref42">Sonne 2016</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref31" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref31">McRae 2004</a>
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<sup>
|
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1
|
|
</sup>
|
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</p>
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<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref37" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref37">Saygin 2002</a>
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<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Denmark</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>US<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Turkey<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinically important PTSD symptoms (scoring above a threshold on validated scale)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Clinically important PTSD symptoms (scoring above a threshold on validated scale)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR (≥6 months)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR (≥3 months inclusion criterion)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.7 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>40.3 (18–65)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>41.5 (range NR)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>77<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>76<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99% depression; 41% enduring personality change</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>40% of sertraline group and 25% of nefazodone group had another psychiatric diagnosis: 9% OCD; 9% MDD; 6% GAD; 2% Panic Disorder; 2% Social Phobia; 2% Specific Phobia; 4% Conversion Disorder<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR (mean 14.6 years since arrival in Denmark)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>264<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed: Most common types of primary trauma were nonsexual abuse (26%), adult sexual abuse (16%), childhood sexual abuse (15%), unexpected death (13%), accidental injury (12%), and combat (9%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Witnessing war as a civilian: Refugees who had experienced imprisonment (53%), torture (48%) and/or refugee camp (26%). Country of origin: Iraq (35%); Iran (14%); Afghanistan (14%); Lebanon (13%); Ex-Yugoslavia (10%); other (16%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed: 15% Childhood physical or sexual abuse; 19% Physical assault; 31% Sexual assault; 15% Accident; 19% Other<sup>1</sup> Natural disaster: Marmara Earthquake (1999)<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sertraline, 25–200mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sertraline (25–200mg/day) + manualised psychotherapy (16 sessions) and social counselling. Psychotherapy was flexible CBT, including elements from trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), stress management and mindfulness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sertraline, 50–200mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Sertraline, 50–100mg/day<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean average prescribed daily dose was 110.2 mg/d for sertraline and the mean maximum prescribed daily dose was 151.4 mg/d (range, 25.0–200.0 mg/d). 49% (85/173) of patients in the sertraline group achieved maximum dosing</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean dose 96.2mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 153mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean dose 68.33mg/day (SD=21.70)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Venlafaxine, 37.5–300 mg/day. Mean daily dose 164.4mg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Venlafaxine (slow-release, 37.5–375mg/day) + manualised psychotherapy (16 sessions) and social counselling. Mean dose 225mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Nefazodone, 100–600mg/day. Mean final dose 463mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Nefazodone, 200–400mg/day. Mean dose 332.35mg/day (SD=63.5)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>22<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; GAD, generalised anxiety disorder; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; NR, not reported; PE, psychoeducation; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation; TF-CBT, trauma-focused-cognitive behavioural therapy</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref31" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref31">McRae 2004</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab18_2"><p class="no_margin">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref37" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref37">Saygin 2002</a>
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</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab19"><div id="ch6.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: SSRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 4</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Fluoxetine versus moclobemide</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluoxetine versus tianeptine</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluvoxamine versus reboxetine</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maintenance SSRIs versus placebo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (103)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (103)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (40)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (334)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref32" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref32">Onder 2006</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref32" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref32">Onder 2006</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref43" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref43">Spivak 2006</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref16" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref16">Davidson 2001a</a>
|
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<sup>
|
|
1
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref19" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref19">Davidson 2005a</a>
|
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<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>SKB650<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turkey</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turkey</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Israel</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>US<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>Unclear<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Responders (in relapse prevention study)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>157<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup></p>
|
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<p>NR (‘chronic’)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.4 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.4 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.1 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>43.4 (21–69)<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>44.1 (range NR)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
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<p>43 (18–82)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70<sup>1</sup></p>
|
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<p>50<sup>2</sup></p>
|
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<p>66<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>NR<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
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<p>19<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>40% secondary depressive disorder; 20% secondary anxiety disorder<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Natural disaster: Marmara Earthquake (1999)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Natural disaster: Marmara Earthquake (1999)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Motor vehicle collision (no further detail reported)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mixed: 55% physical or sexual assault; 13% seeing someone hurt or die; 9% being in a war or combat; 6% serious accident, injury, or fire; 17% miscellaneous other events</p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: 32% combat; 16% sexual trauma; 16% other violence; 19% death [bereavement]; 18% other<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Unclear (no details reported)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Single<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Unclear<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluoxetine, 20–40mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluoxetine, 20–40mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluvoxamine, 150mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sertraline (planned dose NR)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Fluoxetine, maximum of 60mg/day (open-label dose maintained)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Paroxetine, up to maximum dose of 50mg/day<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mean dose 137mg/day (SD=52)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean dose at randomisation 48.6mg/day (SD=15.4)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moclobemide, 450–900mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tianeptine, 37.5–50mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reboxetine, 8mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean dose 145mg/day (SD=58)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean dose at randomisation 42.1mg/day (SD=13.9)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo (actual intensity, dose equivalent, NR)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>26<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>24<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake disorder</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab19_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref16" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref16">Davidson 2001a</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab19_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref19" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref19">Davidson 2005a</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab19_3"><p class="no_margin">SKB650</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab20"><div id="ch6.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRIs versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Corresponding risk SSRIs</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>DTS/IES-R change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 10–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.26 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.39 to 0.14 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3593</p>
|
|
<p>(16 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS/SI–PTSD change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.28 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.4 to 0.16 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3475</p>
|
|
<p>(17 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">192 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>251 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(205 to 305)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.31</p>
|
|
<p>(1.07 to 1.59)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1527</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people scoring <18 on DTS</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">149 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>247 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(163 to 375)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.65</p>
|
|
<p>(1.09 to 2.51)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>384</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS or IES-R/≥50% improvement on TOP-8 and/or CGI-I much or very much improved</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 10–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">410 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>553 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(492 to 623)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.35</p>
|
|
<p>(1.2 to 1.52)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2155</p>
|
|
<p>(11 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 10–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.15 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.37 lower to 0.06 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1060</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D/MADRS/BDI/BDI-II change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.24 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.37 to 0.11 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3135</p>
|
|
<p>(14 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Dissociative symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>DES change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean dissociative symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.86 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.62 to 0.1 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment</p>
|
|
<p>SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean functional impairment in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.33 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.49 to 0.17 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1506</p>
|
|
<p>(5 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Global functioning</p>
|
|
<p>GAF change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global functioning in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.32 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.11 to 0.53 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>352</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>Q-LES-Q-SF change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.59 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.16 to 1.03 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>535</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sleeping difficulties</p>
|
|
<p>PSQI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleeping difficulties in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.04 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.25 lower to 0.32 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>368</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Relationship difficulties</p>
|
|
<p>IIP change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean relationship difficulties in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.73 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.48 lower to 0.02 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">301 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>304 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(276 to 337)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.01</p>
|
|
<p>(0.92 to 1.12)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3569</p>
|
|
<p>(17 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 10–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(74 to 122)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.42</p>
|
|
<p>(1.1 to 1.82)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3074</p>
|
|
<p>(13 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; DES, Dissociative Experiences Scale; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; IIP, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Q-LES-Q-SF, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SI-PTSD, Structured Interview for PTSD; SMD, standard mean difference; SSRIs, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; TOP-8, Treatment Outcome PTSD scale</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab20_1"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab20_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab20_3"><p class="no_margin">Unclear blinding of outcome assessor(s) and unclear risk of attrition bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab20_4"><p class="no_margin">Unclear blinding of outcome assessor(s)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab20_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab20_6"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab20_7"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab21"><div id="ch6.tab21" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 21</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline (+ non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo (+ non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo (+ non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Sertraline (+ non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.6 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.17 to 0.02 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>49</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.82 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.41 to 0.23 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>49</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 12-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 12-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.83 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.46 to 0.21 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>43</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing improvement of at least 15 points on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">486 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>783 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(535 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.61</p>
|
|
<p>(1.1 to 2.34)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>69</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing improvement of at least 15 points on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">649 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>811 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(610 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.25</p>
|
|
<p>(0.94 to 1.67)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>69</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response at 12-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing improvement of at least 15 points on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">649 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>941 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(726 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.45</p>
|
|
<p>(1.12 to 1.86)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>69</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol use:</p>
|
|
<p>Number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>TLFB HDD (≥5 drinks/day for men and ≥4 drinks/day for women) change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean alcohol use: number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.22 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.36 lower to 0.79 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>47</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol use:</p>
|
|
<p>Number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>TLFB HDD (≥5 drinks/day for men and ≥4 drinks/day for women) change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean alcohol use: number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days at 6-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.08 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.64 lower to 0.47 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol use:</p>
|
|
<p>Number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days at 12-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>TLFB HDD (≥5 drinks/day for men and ≥4 drinks/day for women) change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean alcohol use: number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days at 12-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.09 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.7 lower to 0.52 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>41</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol use:</p>
|
|
<p>Drinks per drinking day at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>TLFB DDD change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean alcohol use: drinks per drinking day at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.27 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.31 lower to 0.85 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>47</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol use:</p>
|
|
<p>Drinks per drinking day at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>TLFB DDD change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean alcohol use: drinks per drinking day at 6-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.25 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.81 lower to 0.31 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol use:</p>
|
|
<p>Drinks per drinking day at 12-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>TLFB DDD change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean alcohol use: drinks per drinking day at 12-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.06 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.67 lower to 0.55 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>41</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol use:</p>
|
|
<p>Abstinence at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants abstinent from alcohol (in the prior 7 days; TLFB)</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">600 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>456 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(258 to 792)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.76</p>
|
|
<p>(0.43 to 1.32)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>47</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol use:</p>
|
|
<p>Abstinence at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants abstinent from alcohol (in the prior 7 days; TLFB)</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">464 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>543 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(316 to 947)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.17</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68 to 2.04)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol use:</p>
|
|
<p>Abstinence at 12-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants abstinent from alcohol (in the prior 7 days; TLFB)</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">571 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>400 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(206 to 766)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.7</p>
|
|
<p>(0.36 to 1.34)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>41</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">324 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>250 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(117 to 535)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.77</p>
|
|
<p>(0.36 to 1.65)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>69</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(3 to 329)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.58</p>
|
|
<p>(0.05 to 6.08)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>69</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference; TLFB-DDD/HDD, alcohol timeline feedback-drinks per drinking days/heavy drinking days</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab21_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab21_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab21_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab21_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab21_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab22"><div id="ch6.tab22" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Mirtazapine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk SSRI</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 6–8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.29 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.34 lower to 0.93 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>140</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 6–8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">756 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>734 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(484 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.97</p>
|
|
<p>(0.64 to 1.47)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>153</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D/BDI-II change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 6–8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.15 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.32 lower to 0.63 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>140</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 6–8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">167 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(42 to 270)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.64</p>
|
|
<p>(0.25 to 1.62)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>153</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 6–8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(3 to 111)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.44</p>
|
|
<p>(0.07 to 2.88)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>153</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CI, confidence interval; CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab22_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab22_2"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab22_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab22_4"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab22_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab23"><div id="ch6.tab23" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 23</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab23_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Nefazodone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Sertraline</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>DTS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.46 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.32 lower to 1.24 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS/TOP-8 change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–22 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.7 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.47 lower to 0.07 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>80</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.4 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.37 lower to 1.18 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>MADRS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.28 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.49 lower to 1.05 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment</p>
|
|
<p>SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean functional impairment in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.09 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68 lower to 0.86 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sleeping difficulties</p>
|
|
<p>PSQI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleeping difficulties in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.06 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.83 lower to 0.71 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–22 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">229 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>89 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(5 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.39</p>
|
|
<p>(0.02 to 7.14)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>97</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>106 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(17 to 670)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.95</p>
|
|
<p>(0.15 to 6.03)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinical administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; RR, risk ration; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; TOP-8, Treatment Outcome PTSD scale; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab23_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab23_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab23_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab23_4"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab23_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab24"><div id="ch6.tab24" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab24_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Moclobemide</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Fluoxetine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.13 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.59 lower to 0.33 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>73</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">629 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>761 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(559 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.21</p>
|
|
<p>(0.89 to 1.66)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>73</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>184 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(64 to 527)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.29</p>
|
|
<p>(0.45 to 3.69)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>73</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(12 to 897)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 3.68</p>
|
|
<p>(0.43 to 31.4)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>73</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab24_1"><p class="no_margin">Open-label</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab24_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab24_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab25"><div id="ch6.tab25" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab25_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Tianeptine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Fluoxetine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.03 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.45 lower to 0.51 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>68</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">767 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>767 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(583 to 997)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1</p>
|
|
<p>(0.76 to 1.3)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>68</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">200 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>184 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(70 to 490)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.92</p>
|
|
<p>(0.35 to 2.45)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>68</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(21 to 537)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.58</p>
|
|
<p>(0.31 to 8.05)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>68</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab25_1"><p class="no_margin">Open-label</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab25_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab25_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab26"><div id="ch6.tab26" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Fluvoxamine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab26_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Reboxetine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Fluvoxamine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.57 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.34 lower to 0.21 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.76 lower to 0.76 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.24 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1 lower to 0.52 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">450 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>149 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(49 to 472)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.33</p>
|
|
<p>(0.11 to 1.05)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>40</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician-administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab26_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab26_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab26_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab26_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab27"><div id="ch6.tab27" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab27_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Venlafaxine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Sertraline</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>DTS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.25 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.04 to 0.46 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>352</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.15 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.06 lower to 0.35 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>352</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">302 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>241 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(172 to 344)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.8</p>
|
|
<p>(0.57 to 1.14)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>352</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.19 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.02 lower to 0.4 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>352</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment</p>
|
|
<p>SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean functional impairment in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.09 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.12 lower to 0.3 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>352</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Global functioning</p>
|
|
<p>GAF change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global functioning in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.08 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.29 lower to 0.13 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>352</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>Q-LES-Q-SF change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.06 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.27 lower to 0.15 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>352</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">302 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>359 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(265 to 483)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.19</p>
|
|
<p>(0.88 to 1.6)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>352</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>127 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(70 to 231)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.34</p>
|
|
<p>(0.74 to 2.43)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>352</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; Q-LES-Q-SF, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab27_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab27_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab27_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab27_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab27_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab28"><div id="ch6.tab28" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Sertraline (+ trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+ trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab28_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Venlafaxine (+ trauma-focused CBT)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Sertraline (+ trauma-focused CBT)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>HTQ change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 30 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.15 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.43 lower to 0.13 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>195</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 30 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.08 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.2 lower to 0.36 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>195</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 30 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.02 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.3 lower to 0.27 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>195</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment</p>
|
|
<p>SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 30 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean functional impairment in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.39 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68 to 0.11 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>195</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>WHO-5 change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 30 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.29 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01 to 0.58 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>195</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 30 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">306 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>193 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(119 to 312)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.63</p>
|
|
<p>(0.39 to 1.02)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>207</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; HTQ, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab28_1"><p class="no_margin">Open-label</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab28_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab28_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab29"><div id="ch6.tab29" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 29</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab29_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Amitriptyline</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Paroxetine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.66 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.03 to 1.28 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS & CGI-I much or very much improved</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">440 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>282 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(132 to 603)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.64</p>
|
|
<p>(0.3 to 1.37)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>BAI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.61 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01 lower to 1.23 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>BDI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.04 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.65 lower to 0.56 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">200 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(32 to 450)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.6</p>
|
|
<p>(0.16 to 2.25)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">200 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(32 to 450)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.6</p>
|
|
<p>(0.16 to 2.25)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CAPS, clinician-administered PTSD scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab29_1"><p class="no_margin">Open-label (no blinding)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab29_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab29_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab29_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab30"><div id="ch6.tab30" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 30</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRIs versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab30_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk SSRIs</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Relapse</p>
|
|
<p>Number of participants who relapsed</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 24–28 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">386 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>197 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(96 to 409)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.51</p>
|
|
<p>(0.25 to 1.06)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>322</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>DTS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 24–28 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.24 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.87 lower to 0.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>211</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.19 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.15 lower to 0.54 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>129</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 28 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.19 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.85 to 2.54 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>84</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>Q-LES-Q-SF change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 28 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.47 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.78 to 4.16 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>84</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 24–28 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">416 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>254 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(175 to 370)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.61</p>
|
|
<p>(0.42 to 0.89)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>322</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 26–28 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(19 to 257)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.81</p>
|
|
<p>(0.49 to 6.69)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>146</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>9</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; Q-LES-Q-SF, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab30_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab30_2"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab30_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab30_4"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab30_5"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2=>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab30_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab30_7"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab30_8"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab30_9"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab31"><div id="ch6.tab31" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 31</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus (+/− placebo +) trauma-focused CBT for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab31_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed risk Trauma-focused CBT (+/− placebo)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Corresponding risk SSRI + trauma-focused CBT</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>HTQ/PDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.39 lower to 0.18 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>222</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>PDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.21 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.65 lower to 0.23 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>115</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS/SI–PTSD change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 10–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.6 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.39 lower to 0.19 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>141</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD/scoring ≤20 on CAPS & CGI-I score=1</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 10–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">568 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>608 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(136 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.07</p>
|
|
<p>(0.24 to 4.69)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>208</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">389 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>630 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(323 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.62</p>
|
|
<p>(0.83 to 3.18)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-A/STAI State change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.23 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.52 lower to 0.06 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>222</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>STAI State change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms at 1-year follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.08 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.52 lower to 0.35 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>115</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D/BDI-II change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 10–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.61 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.88 to 0.34 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>249</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>BDI-II change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at 1-year follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.74 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.19 to 0.3 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>115</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment</p>
|
|
<p>SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean functional impairment in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.39 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.77 to 0.01 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>WHO-5 change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.13 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.24 lower to 0.51 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 10–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">198 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>307 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(156 to 598)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.55</p>
|
|
<p>(0.79 to 3.02)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>349</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 10–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(1 to 121)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.49</p>
|
|
<p>(0.05 to 5.31)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>178</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; CGI, Clinical Global Impression scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; HTQ, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire; PDS, Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SI-PTSD, Structured Interview for PTSD; SMD, standard mean difference; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab31_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab31_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab31_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab31_4"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab31_5"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab31_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for both clinical benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab32"><div id="ch6.tab32" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 32</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: TCAs for delayed treatment (>3 months)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab32_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">TCAs versus placebo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (106)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref49" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref49">Davidson 1990</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
1
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref50" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref50">Kosten 1991</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR (‘chronic’)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>39 (range NR)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>0<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>13<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67% any other diagnosis: 20% MDD; 30% intermittent depression; 13% panic disorder; 35% GAD; 15% alcohol or drug abuse; 11% phobic disorder<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>47% met RDC for diagnosis of minor depression<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Military combat: 41% World War II; 2% Korean war; 43% Vietnam; 13% NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: Vietnam veterans<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Amitriptyline, 50–300mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Imipramine, target dose 200–300mg/day (titrated up from 50mg/day)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 169mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean maximal dose 225mg/day (SD=55mg)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean final dose 237mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean maximal dose 4.4 tablets/day (SD=1.4)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab32_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; GAD, generalised anxiety disorder; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RDC, research diagnostic criteria; SD, standard deviation; TCA, tricyclic anti-depressants</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab32_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref49" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref49">Davidson 1990</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab32_2"><p class="no_margin">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref50" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref50">Kosten 1991</a>
|
|
</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab33"><div id="ch6.tab33" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 33</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: TCAs versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab33_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk TCAs</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>IES change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.64 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.11 to 0.16 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>74</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>SI–PTSD change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.35 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.04 lower to 0.33 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>33</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing ≥50% improvement on SI–PTSD/rated as ‘much or very much improved’ on CGI-I</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">205 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>437 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(222 to 859)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.13</p>
|
|
<p>(1.08 to 4.19)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>87</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-A/CAS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.43 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.9 lower to 0.03 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>74</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.62 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.18 to 0.07 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>74</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">436 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>388 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(244 to 619)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.89</p>
|
|
<p>(0.56 to 1.42)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>87</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">167 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>173 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(45 to 680)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.04</p>
|
|
<p>(0.27 to 4.08)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>41</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAS, Clinical Anxiety Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; IES, Impact of Event Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SI-PTSD, Structured Interview for PTSD; SMD, standard mean difference; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab33_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab33_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab33_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab33_4"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab33_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab34"><div id="ch6.tab34" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 34</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: SNRIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab34_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">SNRIs versus placebo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (867)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref51" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref51">Davidson 2006a/2008/2012</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
1
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref20" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref20">Davidson 2006b/Davidson unpublished</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, Mexico, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, UK<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>US<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR (≥6 months)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>41.3 (range NR)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>54<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mixed: Nonsexual abuse (29%); accidental injury (18%); unexpected death (13%); combat (12%); sexual assault in adulthood (12%); witnessing (7%); natural disaster (2%); childhood sexual abuse (1%); other (5%); unknown (1%)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: Most common types of primary trauma were nonsexual abuse (26%), adult sexual abuse (16%), childhood sexual abuse (15%), unexpected death (13%), accidental injury (12%), and combat (9%)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Venlafaxine extended release, 37.5–300mg/day</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mean dose 181.7mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean dose 164.4 mg/day and mean maximum dose 224.6 mg/day (range, 37.5–375.0 mg/d). 47% achieved maximum dosing<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (actual intensity, dose equivalent, NR)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab34_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>12<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SNRIs, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab34_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref51" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref51">Davidson 2006a/2008/2012</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab34_2"><p class="no_margin">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref20" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref20">Davidson 2006b/Davidson unpublished</a>
|
|
</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab35"><div id="ch6.tab35" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 35</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab35_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Venlafaxine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>DTS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.52 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.73 to 0.31 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>358</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.44 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.59 to 0.29 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>687</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">282 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>398 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(325 to 491)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.41</p>
|
|
<p>(1.15 to 1.74)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>687</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.49 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.64 to 0.33 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>687</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment</p>
|
|
<p>SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean functional impairment in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.42 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.57 to 0.27 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>687</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Global functioning</p>
|
|
<p>GAF change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global functioning in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.4 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.24 to 0.55 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>687</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>Q-LES-Q-SF change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.46 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.3 to 0.61 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>687</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">349 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>303 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(244 to 377)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.87</p>
|
|
<p>(0.7 to 1.08)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>687</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>96 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(50 to 182)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.19</p>
|
|
<p>(0.62 to 2.26)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>687</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; Q-LES-Q-SF, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab35_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab35_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab35_3"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab35_4"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab35_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab35_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab36"><div id="ch6.tab36" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 36</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: MAOIs for delayed treatment (>3 months)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab36_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MAOIs versus placebo</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Phenelzine versus imipramine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (105)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (60)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref56" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref56">Katz 1994</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
1
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref50" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref50">Kosten 1991</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref50" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref50">Kosten 1991</a>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Medians: 32 (brofaromine); 36 (placebo)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median: 36 (brofaromine); 42 (placebo). Range 22–62<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>39 (range NR)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 (range NR)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>76<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>0<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>13<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>47% met RDC for diagnosis of minor depression<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47% met RDC for diagnosis of minor depression</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mixed: Sexual assault (9%); physical (non-sexual; 38%); accident (22%); combat-related (18%); other (13%)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: Vietnam veterans<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: Vietnam veterans</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Single<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Multiple<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Brofaromine, 50mg/day titrated to a maximum of 150mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Phenelzine, target dose 60–75mg/day (titrated up from 15mg/day)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Phenelzine, target dose 60–75mg/day (titrated up from 15mg/day)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Modal dose 100mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean maximal dose 68mg/day (SD=20mg)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean maximal dose 68mg/day (SD=20mg)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Placebo. Modal dose 2 tablets (100mg equivalent)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean maximal dose 4.4 tablets/day (SD=1.4)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imipramine, target dose 200–300mg/day (titrated up from 50mg/day). Mean maximal dose 225mg/day (SD=55mg)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>8<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab36_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MAOIs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RDC, research diagnostic criteria; SD, standard deviation;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab36_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref56" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref56">Katz 1994</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab36_2"><p class="no_margin">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref50" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref50">Kosten 1991</a>
|
|
</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab37"><div id="ch6.tab37" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 37</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: MAOIs versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab37_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participa nts (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk MAOIs</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>IES change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.15 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.85 to 0.45 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 14 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.58 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.18 lower to 0.02 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>45</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 14 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">194 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>343 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(147 to 803)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.77</p>
|
|
<p>(0.76 to 4.15)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>66</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">278 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>683 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(306 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.46</p>
|
|
<p>(1.1 to 5.51)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>CAS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.53 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.19 lower to 0.12 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.29 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.94 lower to 0.36 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–14 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">408 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>282 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(65 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.69</p>
|
|
<p>(0.16 to 3.07)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">167 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>53 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(7 to 460)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.32</p>
|
|
<p>(0.04 to 2.76)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CAS, Clinical Anxiety Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; IES, Impact of Event Scale; MAOIs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab37_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab37_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab37_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab37_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab37_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab37_6"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab38"><div id="ch6.tab38" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 38</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab38_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Imipramine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Phenelzine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>IES change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.4 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.02 lower to 0.21 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">652 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>685 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(443 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.05</p>
|
|
<p>(0.68 to 1.61)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>CAS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.61 lower to 0.61 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.09 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.52 lower to 0.7 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">522 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>209 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(83 to 548)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.4</p>
|
|
<p>(0.16 to 1.05)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">174 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(7 to 431)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.3</p>
|
|
<p>(0.04 to 2.48)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab38_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAS, Clinical Anxiety Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; IES, Impact of Event Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab38_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab38_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab38_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab39"><div id="ch6.tab39" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 39</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Other antidepressant drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab39_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Nefazodone versus placebo</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Bupropion (+ TAU) versus placebo (+ TAU)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Moclobemide versus tianeptine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (42)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (30)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (103)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref58" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref58">Davis 2004</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref59" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref59">Becker 2007</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref60" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref60">Onder 2006</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Turkey</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">358.3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.8 (32–75)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.4 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.4 (range NR)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35% MDD; 24% dysthymia; 2% panic with agoraphobia; 4% panic without agoraphobia</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: Combat trauma (98%); sexual trauma (2%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: 50% war trauma; 11% medical illness; 7% domestic violence; 7% motor vehicle accident; 7% homicide; 7% death/suicide of a love one; 7% childhood physical or sexual abuse; 4% rape</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Natural disaster: Marmara Earthquake (1999)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nefazodone 200–600mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bupropion SR titrated up to a maximum dose of 300mg/day + TAU (39% SSRIs [22% citalopram; 6% paroxetine; 6% fluoxetine; 6% nefazodone]; 6% trazodone; 22% antipsychotics [risperidone or olanzapine])</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moclobemide, 450–900mg/day</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean final dose 435 mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean final dose 300mg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo + TAU (50% SSRIs [20% citalopram; 20% fluoxetine; 10% sertraline]; 10% trazodone)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tianeptine, 37.5–50mg/day</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation; SR, slow release; TAU, treatment as usual</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">None</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab40"><div id="ch6.tab40" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 40</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab40_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Nefazodone</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
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<p>PCL change score</p>
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<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
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<p>0.2 standard deviations lower</p>
|
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<p>(0.84 lower to 0.43 higher)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>41</p>
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<p>(1 study)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
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<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
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<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
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<p>0.23 standard deviations lower</p>
|
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<p>(0.86 lower to 0.41 higher)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>41</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Response</p>
|
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<p>Number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS</p>
|
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<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">333 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>333 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(137 to 813)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>RR 1</p>
|
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<p>(0.41 to 2.44)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
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<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.27 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.91 lower to 0.37 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>41</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Dissociative symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>CADSS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean dissociative symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.07 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.71 lower to 0.57 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>41</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">400 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>480 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(232 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.2</p>
|
|
<p>(0.58 to 2.51)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>185 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(24 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.78</p>
|
|
<p>(0.36 to 21.62)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab40_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CADSS, Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; PCL, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, relative risk; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab40_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab40_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab40_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab40_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab41"><div id="ch6.tab41" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 41</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Bupropion (+ TAU) versus placebo (+ TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab41_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo (+ TAU)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Bupropion (+ TAU)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>DTS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.88 lower to 0.67 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>BDI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.05 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.72 lower to 0.83 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab41_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI=Beck Depression Inventory; CI=confidence interval; DTS=Davidson Trauma Scale; PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder; TAU=treatment as usual; SMD=standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab41_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab41_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab42"><div id="ch6.tab42" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 42</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab42_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Tianeptine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Moclobemide</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.39 lower to 0.59 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">767 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>629 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(452 to 866)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.82</p>
|
|
<p>(0.59 to 1.13)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">200 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>142 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(48 to 422)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.71</p>
|
|
<p>(0.24 to 2.11)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(3 to 300)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.43</p>
|
|
<p>(0.04 to 4.5)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab42_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab42_1"><p class="no_margin">Open-label</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab42_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab42_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab43"><div id="ch6.tab43" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 43</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Anticonvulsants for delayed treatment (>3 months)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab43_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Topiramate versus placebo</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Divalproex versus placebo</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tiagabine versus placebo</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pregabalin (+ routine med.) versus placebo (+ routine med.)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (142)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (85)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (232)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (37)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref61" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref61">Akuchekian 2004</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
1
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref65" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref65">Tucker 2007</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref66" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref66">Yeh 2011/Mello 2008</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
3
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref64" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref64">Davis 2008a</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref63" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref63">Davidson 2007</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref62" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref62">Banisadi 2014</a>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Iran<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>US<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>Brazil<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iran</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<p>214.8<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR (≥6 months)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>43.8<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">292.8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">157.2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">210</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>39.5 (30–50)<sup>1</sup></p>
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|
<p>41.5 (18–64)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>40.5 (18–62)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.2 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.6 (18–64)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.2 (40–60)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>79<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>68<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>11<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>61% MDD; 29%</p>
|
|
<p>MDD + panic; 3%</p>
|
|
<p>MDD + dysthymia<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51% had at least 1 comorbid psychiatric disorder: MDD most prevalent comorbidity (38%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">340</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Military combat: Explosion wave (58.2%), chemical weapons exposure (10.4%), captivity and torture (7.5%), injury (20.9%), and witnessing the death of their fellow soldiers (3%)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mixed: Non-combat-related PTSD (24%</p>
|
|
<p>childhood sexual abuse; 8% childhood physical abuse; 18% domestic/other violence; 11% rape; 11% motor vehicle accident; 16% death/injury of loved one; 5% witness death; 8% tornado; 16% other)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Unclear: Civilian sample (no details of trauma type reported)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: Combat-related trauma (95%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed: Physical and sexual assault/violence (53%); witnessing harm or death (15%); serious accident/fire/injury (9%); combat (9%); natural or technological disaster (2%); other (11%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: Iran-Iraq war (1980–1988)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Multiple<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Unclear<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean number of lifetime traumas was 7.3 (SD=3.1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Topiramate, 50–500mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Topiramate, 25–400mg/day<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Topiramate, 25–200mg/day<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Divalproex sodium 1000–3000mg/day (enteric-coated, delayed-release)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tiagabine, 416mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pregabalin (75–300mg/day). All patients recruited into the study were treated with SSRIs (citalopram 20–40 mg/day or sertraline 50–200 mg/day) and sodium valproate (1000–1800mg/day) for at least 1 month</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Median final dose 150mg/day<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean dose 102.94 mg/day (range 50–200 mg/day)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 2309mg/day</p>
|
|
<p>(SD=508)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 11.2 mg/day</p>
|
|
<p>(range 2–16mg/day)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo. Mean final dose 11.8 mg/day (range 2–16mg/day)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (+ citalopram [20–40mg/day] or sertraline [50–200mg/day] + sodium valproate [1000–1800 mg/day])</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Intervention length</p>
|
|
<p>(weeks)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab43_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref61" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref61">Akuchekian 2004</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab43_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref65" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref65">Tucker 2007</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab43_3"><p class="no_margin">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref66" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref66">Yeh 2011/Mello 2008</a>
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</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab44"><div id="ch6.tab44" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 44</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab44/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab44_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Topiramate</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>DTS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.6 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.26 lower to 0.05 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.25 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.61 lower to 0.11 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>136</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing ≥ 30% improvement on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">500 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>825 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(495 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.65</p>
|
|
<p>(0.99 to 2.75)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>35</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.31 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.95 lower to 0.33 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D/BDI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.44 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.92 lower to 0.04 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>69</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment</p>
|
|
<p>SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean functional impairment in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.08 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.56 lower to 0.72 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">169 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>144 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(66 to 314)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.85</p>
|
|
<p>(0.39 to 1.86)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>142</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>94 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(33 to 267)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.33</p>
|
|
<p>(0.47 to 3.79)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>142</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab44_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab44_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab44_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab44_3"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab44_4"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab44_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab45"><div id="ch6.tab45" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 45</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab45/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab45_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Divalproex</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.08 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.35 lower to 0.51 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>82</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.28 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.72 lower to 0.15 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>82</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>MADRS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.09 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.52 lower to 0.35 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>82</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">171 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>227 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(96 to 541)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.33</p>
|
|
<p>(0.56 to 3.17)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>85</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>68 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(7 to 630)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.8</p>
|
|
<p>(0.3 to 25.81)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>85</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab45_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scaleAnxiety; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab45_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab45_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab45_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab45_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab46"><div id="ch6.tab46" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 46</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab46/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab46_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Tiagabine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.02 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.3 lower to 0.26 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>202</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">448 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>439 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(332 to 587)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.98</p>
|
|
<p>(0.74 to 1.31)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>232</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>146 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(76 to 284)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.21</p>
|
|
<p>(0.63 to 2.35)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>232</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>MADRS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.01 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.27 lower to 0.29 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>202</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean functional impairment in the intervention groups was 0.05 standard deviations higher (0.22 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>202</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">448 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>336 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(242 to 466)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.75</p>
|
|
<p>(0.54 to 1.04)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>232</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>78 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(32 to 189)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1</p>
|
|
<p>(0.41 to 2.43)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>232</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab46_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab46_1"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab46_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab46_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab46_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab46_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab47"><div id="ch6.tab47" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 47</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab47/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab47_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>PCL change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was 0.71 standard deviations lower (1.38 to 0.04 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms HAM-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was 0.39 standard deviations lower (1.04 lower to 0.26 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.74 lower to 0.55 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>Spitzer Quality of Life Index change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.21 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.86 lower to 0.44 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab47_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>5</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; PCL, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab47_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab47_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab47_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab47_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab47_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab48"><div id="ch6.tab48" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 48</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Antipsychotics for delayed treatment (>3 months)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab48/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab48_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Antipsychotic (+ routine med.) versus placebo (+ routine med.)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 (410)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (95)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref68" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref68">Carey 2012</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
1
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref69" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref69">Krystal 2011/2016</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref72" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref72">Villarreal 2016</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
3
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref67" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref67">Bartzokis 2005</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
4
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref71" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref71">Ramaswamy 2016</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
5
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>South Africa<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>US<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR (≥3 months)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>‘NR (‘chronic’)<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR (‘chronic’)<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>40.8 (range NR)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>54.4 (range NR)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>53 (range NR)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>51.6 (38–63)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>38.9 (range NR)<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>61<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>3<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>6<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>87<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>34<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>48<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>32<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>70% above threshold for MDD, 10% above threshold for dysthymia and 10% above threshold for generalized anxiety disorder. 6% over threshold for antisocial personality disorder<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mixed: Non-combat PTSD. Trauma types reflect the profile of trauma in South Africa (i.e. domestic violence and criminal violence)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: Most patients served during the Vietnam war or earlier (72%) or the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (24%), their PTSD symptoms were attributed principally to direct participation in combat (78%) or other combat-related events (11%)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: Veterans (no further details reported)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Military combat: 97% Vietnam veterans; 3% Persian Gulf War veterans<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Unclear (NR)<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Unclear<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Multiple<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Multiple<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Unclear<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Olanzapine, 5–15mg/day<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Risperidone, 1–4mg/day<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Quetiapine, 25–800mg/day<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Risperidone (1–3mg/day). All participants receiving VA residential psychosocial treatment program for PTSD. 92% on stable psychotropic medications: 88% antidepressants, 32% anxiolytics, 28% hypnotics. 9% on both anxiolytics and hypnotics and 51% on either anxiolytic or hypnotic medications<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Ziprasidone, 40–160mg/day (concomitant psychotropic medication permitted)<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean final dose 2.74mg/day<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Mean dose 258mg/day (range 50800mg)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Placebo. Actual intensity, dose equivalent, NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean final dose 3.35 mg/day<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Placebo. Mean final dose 463mg/day (range 50–800mg)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo + routine medications</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>24<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>12<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab48_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>9<sup>5</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; NR, not reported; PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder; SD=standard deviation.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab48_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref68" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref68">Carey 2012</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab48_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref69" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref69">Krystal 2011/2016</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab48_3"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref72" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref72">Villarreal 2016</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab48_4"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref67" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref67">Bartzokis 2005</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab48_5"><p class="no_margin">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref71" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref71">Ramaswamy 2016</a>
|
|
</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab49"><div id="ch6.tab49" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 49</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab49/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab49_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Antipsychotic monotherapy</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>DTS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.84 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.23 to 0.44 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>108</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.75 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.38 to 0.11 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>355</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people scoring <50 on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">214 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>714 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(249 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 3.33</p>
|
|
<p>(1.16 to 9.59)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">214 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>714 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(249 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 3.33</p>
|
|
<p>(1.16 to 9.59)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.54 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.11 lower to 0.04 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>327</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>MADRS/HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.75 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.19 to 0.31 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>355</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Functional impairment</p>
|
|
<p>SDS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean functional impairment in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.81 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.59 to 0.04 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>BLSI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 24 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.14 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.11 lower to 0.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>247</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sleeping difficulties</p>
|
|
<p>PSQI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleeping difficulties in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.3 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.52 to 0.08 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>327</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">230 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>175 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(106 to 285)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.76</p>
|
|
<p>(0.46 to 1.24)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>376</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–24 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>49 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(16 to 152)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.31</p>
|
|
<p>(0.75 to 7.1)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>376</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab49_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>8</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BLSI, Boston Life Satisfaction Inventory; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PSQI, Sleep Quality Assessment; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab49_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab49_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab49_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab49_4"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab49_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab49_6"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2=50–80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab49_7"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab49_8"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab50"><div id="ch6.tab50" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 50</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab50/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab50_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 9–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.51 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.98 to 0.04 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>72</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing ≥20/50% improvement on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 9–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>226 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(24 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 2.66</p>
|
|
<p>(0.28 to 24.82)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-A change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 9–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.66 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.17 to 0.16 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>66</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 9–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.35 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.84 lower to 0.14 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>66</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">188 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>334 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(141 to 793)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.78</p>
|
|
<p>(0.75 to 4.23)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>65</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 9–16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>123 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(43 to 347)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.96</p>
|
|
<p>(0.34 to 2.72)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab50_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab50_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab50_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab50_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab50_4"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab50_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab50_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab51"><div id="ch6.tab51" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 51</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Benzodiazepines for delayed treatment (>3 months)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab51/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab51_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+ virtual reality exposure therapy)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+ virtual reality exposure therapy)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (156)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (156)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref73" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref73">Rothbaum 2014/Norrholm 2016</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref73" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref73">Rothbaum 2014/Norrholm 2016</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.1 (32–38)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.1 (32–38)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28% comorbid mood disorder</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28% comorbid mood disorder</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: Iraq/Afghanistan veterans</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: Iraq/Afghanistan veterans</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alprazolam (0.25mg; taken 30-mins prior to virtual reality exposure therapy [5x 90-min sessions])</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alprazolam (0.25mg; taken 30-mins prior to virtual reality exposure therapy [5x 90-min sessions])</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (+ virtual reality exposure therapy [5x 90-min sessions])</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">D-cycloserine (50mg; taken 30-mins prior to virtual reality exposure therapy [5x 90-min sessions])</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab51_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME=Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD=International Classification of Disease; NR=not reported; PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder;</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab52"><div id="ch6.tab52" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 52</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab52/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab52_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo (+ virtual reality exposure therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>PTSD symptomatology self-report at endpoint</p>
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<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
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<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-report at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
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<p>0.11 standard deviations higher</p>
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<p>(0.28 lower to 0.49 higher)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>103</p>
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<p>(1 study)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>PTSD symptomatology self-report at 3-month follow-up</p>
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<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
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<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-report at 3-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
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<p>0.35 standard deviations higher</p>
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<p>(0.04 lower to 0.74 higher)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>103</p>
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<p>(1 study)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>PTSD symptomatology self-report at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
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<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-report at 6-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.49 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.09 to 0.88 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>PTSD symptomatology self-report at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
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<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
|
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<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-report at 1-year follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
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<p>0.19 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.19 lower to 0.58 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
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<p>0.02 standard deviations higher</p>
|
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<p>(0.37 lower to 0.41 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
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<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.54 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.15 to 0.94 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.57 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.18 to 0.97 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.2 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.19 lower to 0.59 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">170 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">180 per 1000 (78 to 416)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.06</p>
|
|
<p>(0.46 to 2.45)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">226 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>100 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(38 to 263)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.44</p>
|
|
<p>(0.17 to 1.16)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">245 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(49 to 292)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.49</p>
|
|
<p>(0.2 to 1.19)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">170 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>160 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(66 to 382)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.94</p>
|
|
<p>(0.39 to 2.25)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">358 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>301 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(172 to 523)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.84</p>
|
|
<p>(0.48 to 1.46)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab52_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PSS-SR, PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab52_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab52_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab52_3"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab52_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab53"><div id="ch6.tab53" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 53</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+ virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab53/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab53_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk D-cycloserine (+ virtual reality exposure therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-report at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-report at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.08 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.47 lower to 0.31 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-report at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-report at 3-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.11 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.28 lower to 0.5 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-report at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-report at 6-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.21 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.17 lower to 0.6 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-report at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-report at 1-year follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.16 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.22 lower to 0.55 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.07 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.32 lower to 0.45 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.23 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.16 lower to 0.62 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.27 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.12 lower to 0.66 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.39 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 0.78 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>180 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(69 to 469)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.59</p>
|
|
<p>(0.61 to 4.14)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>100 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(34 to 295)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.76</p>
|
|
<p>(0.26 to 2.23)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(44 to 333)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.91</p>
|
|
<p>(0.33 to 2.52)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">170 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>160 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(66 to 382)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.94</p>
|
|
<p>(0.39 to 2.25)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 6 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">472 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>302 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(179 to 500)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.64</p>
|
|
<p>(0.38 to 1.06)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab53_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PSS-SR, Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Self-Report; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab53_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab53_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab53_3"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab53_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab54"><div id="ch6.tab54" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 54</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 1</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab54/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab54_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Prazosin (+/− TAU) versus placebo (+/− TAU)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Prazosin versus hydroxyzine</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Hydroxyzine versus placebo</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 (542)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (102)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (102)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref75" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref75">Ahmadpanah 2014</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
1
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref85" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref85">Petrakis 2016</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref87" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref87">Raskind 2007</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
3
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref89" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref89">Raskind 2018/Ventura 2007</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
4
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref75" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref75">Ahmadpanah 2014</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref75" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref75">Ahmadpanah 2014</a>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Iran<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>US<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iran</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iran</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>94.2<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR (‘chronic’)<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94.2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94.2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>35.4 (18–45)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>44 (range NR)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>56 (range NR)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>51.8 (range NR)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.4 (18–45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.4 (18–45)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>6<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>5<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>2<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>19<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>35<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>27<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>100% comorbid alcohol dependence, 39% current major depression, 19% had another anxiety disorder, 11% had current marijuana abuse/dependence, and 18% had current cocaine abuse/dependence<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>All participants had sleeping difficulties<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>All participants had frequent nightmares. 38% MDD<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Military combat: 51% Persian gulf war, 37% Car accident, 4% Disaster, 7% Other<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: ‘Veterans’ (no further detail reported)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: 80% veterans of the Vietnam War, 5% veterans of World War II, 8% of the Korean War, 3% of the Panama invasion, and 5% of the first Gulf War<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: War zone trauma exposure<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: 51% Persian gulf war, 37% Car accident, 4% Disaster, 7% Other</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: 51% Persian gulf war, 37% Car accident, 4% Disaster, 7% Other</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Prazosin, 1–15mg/day<sup>1</sup> Prazosin, target dose 16mg/day + TAU (98% enrolled in other treatments: 59% in substance abuse treatment only, 22% in treatment for PTSD only, and 19% enrolled in both)<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>Prazosin, 1–15mg/day + TAU (68% receiving group and/or individual psychotherapy; 33%) SSRIs; 5% venlafaxine; 5% TCA; 5% nefazodone; 5% bupropion; 10% benzodiazepine; 13% sedating antihistamine hydroxyzine; 8% zolpidem; 3% perphenazine; 3% quetiapine; 3% divalproex)<sup>3</sup></p>
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<p>Prazosin, titrated up to a maximum of 20mg in men and 12mg in women + TAU (78% maintained on any antidepressant: 74% on SSRI)<sup>4</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prazosin, 1–15mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hydroxyzine, 10–100mg/day</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>NR</p>
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<p>Average maintenance dose 14.5 mg<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>Mean dose 13mg/day<sup>3</sup></p>
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<p>Mean dose (for both men and women) 14.8mg/day (SD=6.1)<sup>4</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Placebo<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>Placebo + TAU<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>Placebo + TAU. Mean dose 14mg/day<sup>3</sup></p>
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<p>Placebo + TAU. Mean dose 16.4mg/day (SD=5.9)<sup>4</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hydroxyzine, 10–100mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>8<sup>1</sup></p>
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<p>12<sup>2</sup></p>
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<p>16<sup>3</sup></p>
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<p>26<sup>4</sup></p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab54_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MDD, major depressive disorder; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SD, standard deviation; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TAU, treatment as usual; TCA, tricyclic anti-depressants.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab54_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref75" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref75">Ahmadpanah 2014</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab54_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref85" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref85">Petrakis 2016</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab54_3"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref87" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref87">Raskind 2007</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab54_4"><p class="no_margin">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref89" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref89">Raskind 2018/Ventura 2007</a>
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</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab55"><div id="ch6.tab55" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 55</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 2</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab55/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab55_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Eszopiclone versus placebo</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Propranolol (+ routine med.) versus placebo (+ routine med.)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Rivastigmine (+ routine med.) versus placebo (+ routine med.)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (41)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (24)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref86" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref86">Pollack 2011</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref83" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref83">Mahabir 2016</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref76" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref76">Ardani 2017</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Canada</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iran</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinically important PTSD symptoms (scoring above a threshold on validated scale)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">228</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean NR (36–144)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR (‘chronic’ ≥10 years)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.4 (range NR)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.2 (40–65)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All participants had sleep disturbance. 46% MDD; 13% dysthymia; 4% agoraphobia; 21% social anxiety disorder; 13% GAD; 8% panic disorder</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29% co-morbid Major Depressive Disorder and 51% other anxiety disorders (assessed with MINI)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed: Sexual assault or abuse (41%); physical abuse or assault (25%); observed violence to or death of a loved one (17%); other (17%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed: 66% physical and sexual assaults; 20% accidents; 10% violent or unexpected deaths of close ones; 2% combat exposure; 2% other stressors</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: The aetiology of the PTSD in all cases was the 8-year Iran-Iraq war, which lasted from September 1980 to August 1988</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eszopiclone, 3mg at bedtime</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Propranolol (single dose of 1mg/kg of short-acting propranolol) + routine medications (24% anxiolytics, 58% antidepressants, 22% antipsychotics)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rivastigmine (3mg-6mg/day) in addition to routine medications (citalopram and sodium valproate). All patients received citalopram (40 mg/d) and sodium valproate (20 mg/kg per day). Sodium valproate was added to citalopram mainly due to the fact that all the patients had at least 1 history of failed monotherapy with SSRI</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Actual intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo + routine medications</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo + routine medications</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0.1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab55_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; GAD, generalised anxiety disorder; ICD, International Classification of Disease; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MDD, major depressive disorder; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab56"><div id="ch6.tab56" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 56</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies: Other drugs for delayed treatment (>3 months)-part 3</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab56/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab56_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Guanfacine (+ routine med.) versus placebo (+ routine med.)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">d-cycloserine (+ exposure therapy) versus placebo (+ exposure therapy)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Total no. of studies (N randomised)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 (63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 (282)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study ID</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref84" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref84">Neylan 2006</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref77" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref77">de Kleine 2012/2014/2015</a>
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<sup>
|
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1
|
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</sup>
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</p>
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<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref80" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref80">Difede 2008/2014</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
2
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref82" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref82">Litz 2012</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
3
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref73" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref73">Rothbaum 2014/Norrholm 2016</a>
|
|
<sup>
|
|
4
|
|
</sup>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Country</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">US</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Netherlands<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>US<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic status</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PTSD diagnosis according to ICD/DSM criteria</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since onset of PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR (‘chronic’)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean age (range)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38.3 (range NR)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>45.8 (25–70)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>32.2 (range NR)<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>35.1 (32–38)<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sex (% female)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>24<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>NR<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>5<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ethnicity (% BME)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>NR<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>16<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>23<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>58<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coexisting conditions</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>70% had at least one additional diagnosis: the most common current coexisting Axis I disorders were depressive disorder (54%) and anxiety disorders (42%)<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>40% comorbid major depression<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>27% comorbid MDD, 8% comorbid social anxiety, 19% current alcohol use<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>28% comorbid mood disorder<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean months since traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of traumatic event</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Military combat: ‘Veterans’ (no further details reported)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mixed: 52% sexual assault including childhood sexual abuse; 30% violent nonsexual assault; 4% a road traffic or other accident; 3% war-zone experiences; 10% other<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Terrorist attack: World Trade Centre attacks (44% from occupations-at-risk for PTSD [16% firefighters, 24% police, and 4% EMT/paramedic] and 56% were civilians)<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Military combat: Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Single or multiple incident index trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multiple</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Unclear<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Single<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>Multiple<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lifetime experience of trauma</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention details</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guanfacine, target dose 1–3mg/day + routine medications (75% taking concurrent psychotropic medication: 33% antidepressants only; 41% multiple classes of psychiatric medications)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>d-cycloserine (50mg; taken 1 hour prior to start of prolonged exposure session [10x weekly 30-min sessions])<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>d-cycloserine (100mg; taken 90-min before weekly exposure therapy sessions 2–11 [12x 90-min sessions])<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>d-cycloserine (50mg; taken 30-min before weekly exposure therapy sessions 2–5 [6x 60–90-min sessions])<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>d-cycloserine (50mg; taken 30-mins prior to virtual reality exposure therapy [5x 90-min sessions])<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention format</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention intensity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mean dose 2.4 mg/day</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NR</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo + routine medications</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo + exposure therapy</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention length (weeks)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab56_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>9<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>3<sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>6<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BME, Black and Minority Ethnic; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders; ICD, International Classification of Disease; NR, not reported; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RDC, research diagnostic criteria.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab56_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref77" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref77">de Kleine 2012/2014/2015</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab56_2"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref80" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref80">Difede 2008/2014</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab56_3"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref82" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref82">Litz 2012</a>;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab56_4"><p class="no_margin">
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch6.s1.2.ref73" rid="ch6.s1.2.ref73">Rothbaum 2014/Norrholm 2016</a>
|
|
</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab57"><div id="ch6.tab57" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 57</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Prazosin (+/− TAU) versus placebo (+/− TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab57/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab57_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo (+/− TAU)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Prazosin (+/− TAU)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>PC change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.11 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.13 lower to 0.34 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>284</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS/MINI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.81 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.71 lower to 0.1 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>480</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 16 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>706 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(186 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 6</p>
|
|
<p>(1.58 to 22.86)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>34</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D/PHQ-9 change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 16–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.4 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.56 lower to 0.76 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>318</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol use</p>
|
|
<p>TLFB: Number of participants abstinent from alcohol during the trial</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">348 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>459 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(278 to 755)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.32</p>
|
|
<p>(0.8 to 2.17)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>96</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Alcohol craving/consumption</p>
|
|
<p>OCDS/AUDIT-C change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 12–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean alcohol craving/consumption in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.4 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(2.33 lower to 7.13 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>380</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sleeping difficulties</p>
|
|
<p>PSQI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleeping difficulties in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.48 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.06 lower to 1.09 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>480</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>QOLI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.23 lower to 0.23 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>284</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">183 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>156 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(90 to 271)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.85</p>
|
|
<p>(0.49 to 1.48)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>508</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 8–26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>47 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(20 to 112)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.47</p>
|
|
<p>(0.62 to 3.51)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>508</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab57_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>6</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; OCDS, Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale; PCL, PTSD checklist; PHQ-9,Patient Health Questionnaire; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference; QOLI=Quality of life inventory; TAU, treatment as usual; TLFB, Timeline Follow back Method</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab57_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab57_2"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab57_3"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab57_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab57_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab57_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab58"><div id="ch6.tab58" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 58</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab58/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab58_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Hydroxyzine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Prazosin</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>MINI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.3 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.78 lower to 0.18 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sleeping difficulties</p>
|
|
<p>PSQI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleeping difficulties in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.26 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.79 to 0.74 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 0)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 4.86</p>
|
|
<p>(0.24 to 97.69)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>69</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 0)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 4.86</p>
|
|
<p>(0.24 to 97.69)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>69</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab58_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, confidence interval; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab58_1"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab58_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab58_3"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab58_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab59"><div id="ch6.tab59" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 59</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab59/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab59_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Hydroxyzine</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>MINI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.05 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.65 to 1.46 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sleeping difficulties</p>
|
|
<p>PSQI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleeping difficulties in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2.01 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.6 to 1.41 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab59_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, confidence interval; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab59_1"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab59_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab59_3"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab60"><div id="ch6.tab60" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 60</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab60/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab60_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Eszopiclone</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 3 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.49 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.41 to 0.57 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 3 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>77 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(9 to 751)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.54</p>
|
|
<p>(0.06 to 5.26)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>27</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab60_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>3</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab60_1"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is not reported</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab60_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab60_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab60_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab61"><div id="ch6.tab61" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 61</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Propranolol (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab61/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab61_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Propranolol (augmentation of routine medications)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>IES-R change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 0.1 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.72 lower to 0.52 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>40</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab61_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, confidence interval; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab61_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab62"><div id="ch6.tab62" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 62</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Rivastigmine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab62/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab62_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Rivastigmine (augmentation of routine medications)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>PCL change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.08 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.72 lower to 0.88 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab62_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, confidence interval; PCL, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab62_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab63"><div id="ch6.tab63" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 63</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab63/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab63_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated</p>
|
|
<p>IES-R change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.39 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.16 lower to 0.94 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>53</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.11 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.43 lower to 0.66 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>53</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>HAM-D change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.27 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.28 lower to 0.82 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>53</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life</p>
|
|
<p>QOLI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
<p>Better indicated by higher values</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.32 standard deviations higher (0.23 lower to 0.86 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>53</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sleeping difficulties</p>
|
|
<p>Sleep Quality Index change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean sleeping difficulties in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.14 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.41 lower to 0.68 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>53</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>207 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(65 to 662)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.76</p>
|
|
<p>(0.55 to 5.63)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>63</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 8 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 0)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 8.17</p>
|
|
<p>(0.44 to 151.84)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>63</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab63_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; QOLI, Quality of Life Inventory; RR, risk-ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab63_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab63_2"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab63_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab63_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6tab64"><div id="ch6.tab64" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 64</span><span class="title">Summary clinical evidence profile: d-cycloserine (+ exposure therapy) versus placebo (+ exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.tab64/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.tab64_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of Participants (studies)</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assumed risk Placebo (+ exposure therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Corresponding risk D-cycloserine (+ exposure therapy)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>PCL/PSS-SR change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 3–10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.17 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.45 lower to 0.78 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>199</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 3-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.17 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.22 lower to 0.57 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>173</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 6-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.38 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 0.77 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>106</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>PSS-SR change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.04 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.34 lower to 0.43 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>106</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 3–10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.03 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.64 lower to 0.58 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>224</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.18 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.2 lower to 0.55 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>173</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.55 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.42 lower to 1.32 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>131</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>CAPS change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.17 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.55 lower to 0.21 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>106</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 6–10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">192 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>238 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(100 to 562)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.24</p>
|
|
<p>(0.52 to 2.93)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>198</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">218 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>251 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(68 to 928)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.15</p>
|
|
<p>(0.31 to 4.25)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>173</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at 6-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 26 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">231 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>323 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(44 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.4</p>
|
|
<p>(0.19 to 10.39)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>131</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Remission at 1-year follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 52 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">170 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>170 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(73 to 394)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1</p>
|
|
<p>(0.43 to 2.32)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>106</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing improvement of at least 10 points on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">382 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>635 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(386 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.66</p>
|
|
<p>(1.01 to 2.74)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>8</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Response at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people showing improvement of at least 10 points on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">500 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>695 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(465 to 1000)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.39</p>
|
|
<p>(0.93 to 2.09)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>7</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>STAI State change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.55 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.04 to 0.07 lower)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Anxiety symptoms at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>STAI State change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean anxiety symptoms at 3-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.06 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.53 lower to 0.42 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>7</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at endpoint</p>
|
|
<p>BDI/BDI-II change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 3–10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at endpoint in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.42 standard deviations higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.89 lower to 1.72 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>93</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very low<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>6</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Depression symptoms at 3-month follow-up</p>
|
|
<p>BDI change score</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 13 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean depression symptoms at 3-month follow-up in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.02 standard deviations lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.5 lower to 0.45 higher)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">moderate<sup>7</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: 3–10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">330 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>337 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(188 to 608)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.02</p>
|
|
<p>(0.57 to 1.84)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>224</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Follow-up: mean 10 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30 per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(2 to 465)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.03</p>
|
|
<p>(0.07 to 15.8)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.tab64_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">low<sup>4</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PCL, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PSS-SR, PTSD Symptom Scale-Self-Report; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab64_1"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2=50–80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab64_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab64_3"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab64_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab64_5"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab64_6"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab64_7"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.tab64_8"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appatab1"><div id="ch6.appa.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topic</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of PTSD in adults</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>RQ. 4.1 For adults at risk of PTSD, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</p>
|
|
<p>RQ. 4.2 For adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms, what are the relative benefits and harms of specific pharmacological interventions?</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sub-question(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Where evidence exists, consideration will be given to the specific needs of:-</p>
|
|
<p>women who have been exposed to sexual abuse or assault, or domestic violence</p>
|
|
<p>lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual or transgender people</p>
|
|
<p>people from black and minority ethnic groups</p>
|
|
<p>people who are homeless or in insecure accommodation</p>
|
|
<p>asylum seekers or refugees or other immigrants who are entitled to NHS treatment</p>
|
|
<p>people who have been trafficked people who are socially isolated (and who are not captured by any other subgroup listed)</p>
|
|
<p>people with complex PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>people with neurodevelopmental disorders (including autism)</p>
|
|
<p>people with coexisting conditions (drug and alcohol misuse, common mental health disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, acquired brain injury, physical disabilities and sensory impairments)</p>
|
|
<p>people who are critically ill or injured (for instance after a vehicle crash)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objectives</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify the most effective pharmacological interventions for the prevention or treatment of PTSD in adults</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>RQ 4.1:</p>
|
|
<p>Adults at risk of PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>At risk of PTSD is defined (in accordance with DSM) as: Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violation. The exposure must result from one or more of the following scenarios, in which the individual:</p>
|
|
<p>directly experiences the traumatic event;</p>
|
|
<p>witnesses the traumatic event in person;</p>
|
|
<p>learns that the traumatic event occurred to a close family member or close friend (with the actual or threatened death being either violent or accidental); or</p>
|
|
<p>experiences first-hand repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event (not through media, pictures, television or movies unless work-related)</p>
|
|
<p>This population includes people with a diagnosis of acute stress disorder/acute stress reaction (according to DSM, ICD or similar criteria), people with clinically important PTSD symptoms within a month of the traumatic event, and people with sub-threshold symptoms</p>
|
|
<p>The at-risk population for this review will also include the following groups that may not be captured by the DSM criteria:</p>
|
|
<p>family members of people with PTSD</p>
|
|
<p>family members or carers of people with a life-threatening illness or injury</p>
|
|
<p>Adults with clinically important post-traumatic stress symptoms more than one month after the traumatic event will be excluded from RQ 4.1 as this question addresses prevention, this group are included in RQ 4.2</p>
|
|
<p>RQ 4.2:</p>
|
|
<p>Adults with PTSD (as defined by a diagnosis of PTSD according to DSM, ICD or similar criteria, or clinicallysignificant PTSD symptoms as indicated by baseline scores above threshold on a validated scale more than one month after the traumatic event [see PTSD scales listed under outcomes])</p>
|
|
<p>For mixed adult and children populations, where possible disaggregated data will be obtained. If this is not possible then the study will be categorised according to the mean age of the population (<18 years as children and young people and ≥18 years as adult).</p>
|
|
<p>If some, but not all, of a study’s participants are eligible for the review, where possible disaggregated data will be obtained. If this is not possible then the study will be included if at least 80% of its participants are eligible for this review.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclude</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Trials of people with adjustment disorders</p>
|
|
<p>Trials of people with traumatic grief</p>
|
|
<p>Trials of people with psychosis as a coexisting condition</p>
|
|
<p>Trials of people with learning disabilities</p>
|
|
<p>Trials of women with PTSD during pregnancy or in the first year following childbirth</p>
|
|
<p>Trials of adults in contact with the criminal justice system (not solely as a result of being a witness or victim)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Pharmacological interventions (pharmacological interventions listed below are examples of interventions which may be included either alone or in combination, for any duration at a dose at or above the minimum effective dose):</p>
|
|
<p>SSRIs:</p>
|
|
<p>fluoxetine</p>
|
|
<p>paroxetine</p>
|
|
<p>sertraline</p>
|
|
<p>TCAs:</p>
|
|
<p>amitriptyline</p>
|
|
<p>imipramine</p>
|
|
<p>MAOIs:</p>
|
|
<p>brofaromine</p>
|
|
<p>phenelzine</p>
|
|
<p>SNRIs:</p>
|
|
<p>venlafaxine</p>
|
|
<p>Other antidepressant drugs:</p>
|
|
<p>mirtazapine</p>
|
|
<p>nefazodone</p>
|
|
<p>Anticonvulsants:</p>
|
|
<p>carbamazepine</p>
|
|
<p>divalproex</p>
|
|
<p>lamotrigine</p>
|
|
<p>tiagabine</p>
|
|
<p>topiramate</p>
|
|
<p>Antipsychotics:</p>
|
|
<p>olanzapine</p>
|
|
<p>risperidone</p>
|
|
<p>Anxiolytics:</p>
|
|
<p>buspirone</p>
|
|
<p>Benzodiazepines:</p>
|
|
<p>alprazolam</p>
|
|
<p>clonazepam</p>
|
|
<p>diazepam</p>
|
|
<p>lorazepam</p>
|
|
<p>Other</p>
|
|
<p>drugs:</p>
|
|
<p>clonidine</p>
|
|
<p>cortisol</p>
|
|
<p>d-cycloserine</p>
|
|
<p>ketamine</p>
|
|
<p>MDMA</p>
|
|
<p>neuropeptide-Y</p>
|
|
<p>oxytocin</p>
|
|
<p>prazosin</p>
|
|
<p>propranolol</p>
|
|
<p>Combination interventions, such as combined pharmacological plus psychological versus psychological alone, will also be considered here.</p>
|
|
<p>A distinction will be made between early interventions (delivered within 3 months of the traumatic event) and delayed interventions (delivered more than 3 months after the traumatic event)</p>
|
|
<p>Exclude:</p>
|
|
<p>Inoculation interventions for people who may be at risk of experiencing but have not experienced, a traumatic event</p>
|
|
<p>Interventions that are not targeted at PTSD symptoms</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Any other intervention</p>
|
|
<p>Placebo</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Efficacy</p>
|
|
<p>PTSD symptomology (mean endpoint score or change in PTSD score from baseline)</p>
|
|
<p>Diagnosis of PTSD (number of people meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD according to DSM, ICD or similar criteria)</p>
|
|
<p>Recovery from PTSD/Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD according to DSM, ICD or similar criteria at endpoint, or endpoint scores below threshold on a validated scale)</p>
|
|
<p>Response (as measured by an agreed percentage improvement in symptoms and/or by a dichotomous rating of much or very much improved on Clinical Global Impressions [CGI] scale)</p>
|
|
<p>Relapse (number of people who remitted at endpoint but at follow-up either met diagnostic criteria for PTSD according to DSM, ICD or similar criteria, or whose follow-up scores were above threshold on a validated scale)</p>
|
|
<p>The following PTSD scales will be included:</p>
|
|
<p>Assessor-rated PTSD symptom scales:</p>
|
|
<p>Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM–IV (CAPS) or DSM-V (CAPS-5)</p>
|
|
<p>Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Lifetime version (ADIS-IV-L) or DSM-5 (ADIS-5) - Adult and Lifetime Version</p>
|
|
<p>PTSD Symptom Scale – Interview Version (PSS-I)</p>
|
|
<p>Number of symptoms on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)</p>
|
|
<p>Symptoms of Trauma Scale (SOTS)</p>
|
|
<p>Self-report instruments of PTSD symptoms:</p>
|
|
<p>PTSD Checklist (PCL), including all versions (PCL-5, PCL-M, PCL-C and PCL-S)</p>
|
|
<p>PTSD Symptom Scale – Self Report (PSS-SR)</p>
|
|
<p>Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5)</p>
|
|
<p>Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ)</p>
|
|
<p>Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD)</p>
|
|
<p>Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS)</p>
|
|
<p>Post-Traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS)</p>
|
|
<p>Impact of Event Scale (IES)/Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R)</p>
|
|
<p>Acceptability/tolerability</p>
|
|
<p>Acceptability of the intervention</p>
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to adverse effects</p>
|
|
<p>Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse effects)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Important, but not critical outcomes</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Dissociative symptoms as assessed by:</p>
|
|
<p>Assessor-rated scales:</p>
|
|
<p>Dissociation symptom cluster score on CAPS</p>
|
|
<p>Self-report scales:</p>
|
|
<p>Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES)</p>
|
|
<p>Multiscale Dissociation Inventory (MDI)</p>
|
|
<p>Traumatic Dissociation Scale</p>
|
|
<p>Personal, social and occupational functioning</p>
|
|
<p>Sleeping difficulties (as assessed with a validated scale including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum for PTSD [PSQI-A] and Insomnia Severity Index [ISI])</p>
|
|
<p>Employment (for instance, number in paid employment)</p>
|
|
<p>Housing (for instance, number homeless or in insecure accommodation)</p>
|
|
<p>Functional impairment (as assessed with a validated scale including the Work and Social Adjustment Scale [WSAS])</p>
|
|
<p>Relationship difficulties (with spouse and/or children)</p>
|
|
<p>Quality of life (as assessed with a validated scale including the 36-item Short-Form Survey [SF-36] and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale [WEMWBS])</p>
|
|
<p>Coexisting conditions (note that target of intervention should be PTSD symptoms):</p>
|
|
<p>Symptoms of and recovery from a coexisting condition</p>
|
|
<p>Self-harm</p>
|
|
<p>Suicide</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Systematic reviews of RCTs</p>
|
|
<p>RCTs</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Include unpublished data?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Clinical trial registries (ISRCTN and <a href="http://ClinicalTrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov</a>) will be searched to identify any relevant unpublished trials and authors will be contacted to request study reports (where these are not available online). Unpublished data will only be included where a full study report is available with sufficient detail to properly assess the risk of bias. Authors of unpublished evidence will be asked for permission to use such data, and will be informed that summary data from the study and the study’s characteristics will be published in the full guideline.</p>
|
|
<p>Conference abstracts and dissertations will not be included.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Restriction by date?</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All relevant studies from existing reviews from the 2005 guideline will be carried forward. No restriction on date for the updated search.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Minimum sample size</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N = 10 in each arm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study setting</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Primary, secondary, tertiary, social care and community settings.</p>
|
|
<p>Treatment provided to troops on operational deployment or exercise will not be covered.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The review strategy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Reviews</p>
|
|
<p>If existing systematic reviews are found, the committee will assess their quality, completeness, and applicability to the NHS and to the scope of the guideline. If the committee agrees that a systematic review appropriately addresses a review question, a search for studies published since the review will be conducted.</p>
|
|
<p>Data Extraction (selection and coding)</p>
|
|
<p>Citations from each search will be downloaded into EndNote and duplicates removed. Titles and abstracts of identified studies will be screened by two reviewers for inclusion against criteria, until a good inter-rater reliability has been observed (percentage agreement =>90% or Kappa statistics, K>0.60). Initially 10% of references will be double-screened. If inter-rater agreement is good then the remaining references will be screened by one reviewer.</p>
|
|
<p>All primary-level studies included after the first scan of citations will be acquired in full and re-evaluated for eligibility at the time they are being entered into a study database (standardised template created in Microsoft Excel). At least 10% of data extraction will be double-coded. Discrepancies or difficulties with coding will be resolved through discussion between reviewers or the opinion of a third reviewer will be sought.</p>
|
|
<p>Non-English-language papers will be excluded (unless data can be obtained from an existing review).</p>
|
|
<p>Data Analysis</p>
|
|
<p>Where data is available, meta-analysis using a fixed-effects model will be used to combine results from similar studies. Heterogeneity will be considered and if a random-effects model is considered more appropriate it will be conducted.</p>
|
|
<p>For risk of bias, outcomes will be downgraded if the randomisation and/or allocation concealment methods are unclear or inadequate. Outcomes will also be downgraded if no attempts are made to blind the assessors or participants in some way, i.e. by either not knowing the aim of the study or the result from other tests. Outcomes will also be downgraded if there is considerable missing data (see below).</p>
|
|
<p>Handling missing data:</p>
|
|
<p>Where possible an intention to treat approach will be used.</p>
|
|
<p>Outcomes will be downgraded if there is a dropout of more than 20%, or if there was a difference of >20% between the groups.</p>
|
|
<p>For heterogeneity: outcomes will be downgraded once if I2>50%, twice if I2 >80%</p>
|
|
<p>For imprecision: outcomes will be downgraded if:</p>
|
|
<p>Step 1: If the 95% CI is imprecise i.e. crosses 0.8 or 1.25 (dichotomous) or −0.5 or 0.5 (for continuous). Outcomes will be downgraded one or two levels depending on how many lines it crosses.</p>
|
|
<p>Step 2: If the clinical decision threshold is not crossed, we will consider whether the criterion for Optimal Information Size is met, if not we will downgrade one level for the following.</p>
|
|
<p>for dichotomous outcomes: <300 events</p>
|
|
<p>for continuous outcomes: <400 participants</p>
|
|
<p>For clinical effectiveness, if studies report outcomes using the same scale mean differences will be considered, if not standardized mean differences (SMDs) will be considered and the following criteria will be used:</p>
|
|
<p>SMD <0.2 too small to likely show an effect</p>
|
|
<p>SMD 0.2 small effect</p>
|
|
<p>SMD 0.5 moderate effect</p>
|
|
<p>SMD 0.8 large effect</p>
|
|
<p>RR <0.8 or >1.25 clinical benefit</p>
|
|
<p>Anything less (RR >0.8 and <1.25), the absolute numbers will be looked at to make a decision on whether there may be a clinical effect.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Heterogeneity</p>
|
|
<p>(sensitivity analysis and subgroups)</p></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Where substantial heterogeneity exists, sensitivity analyses will be considered, for instance:</p>
|
|
<p>Studies with <50% completion data (drop out of >50%) will be excluded.</p>
|
|
<p>Where possible, the influence of subgroups will be considered, including subgroup analyses giving specific consideration to the groups outlined in the sub-question section and to the following groups:</p>
|
|
<p>People working in trauma-exposed (or trauma-prone) occupations (including child social workers, emergency services and the military)</p>
|
|
<p>Trauma type (including single incident relative to chronic exposure)</p>
|
|
<p>Duration of intervention (for instance, short-term [≤12 weeks] relative to long-term [>12 weeks])</p>
|
|
<p>Intensity of intervention (for instance, low dose relative to high dose) First-line treatment relative to second-line treatment and treatment-resistant PTSD (≥2 inadequate treatments)</p>
|
|
<p>Acute PTSD symptoms (clinically important PTSD symptoms for less than 3 months) relative to chronic PTSD symptoms (clinically important PTSD symptoms for 3 months or more)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Notes</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab1"><div id="ch6.appb.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*acute stress/ or *behavioural stress/ or *emotional stress/ or *critical incident stress/ or *mental stress/ or *posttraumatic stress disorder/ or *psychotrauma/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*acute stress/ or *behavioural stress/ or *emotional stress/ or *critical incident stress/ or *mental stress/ or *posttraumatic stress disorder/ or *psychotrauma/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stress disorders, traumatic/ or combat disorders/ or psychological trauma/ or stress disorders, post-traumatic/ or stress disorders, traumatic, acute/ or stress, psychological/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 use mesz</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp posttraumatic stress disorder/ or acute stress disorder/ or combat experience/ or “debriefing (psychological)”/ or emotional trauma/ or post-traumatic stress/ or traumatic neurosis/ or trauma/ or stress reactions/ or psychological stress/ or chronic stress/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(railway spine or (rape adj2 trauma*) or reexperienc* or re experienc* or torture syndrome or traumatic neuros* or traumatic stress).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(trauma* and (avoidance or grief or horror or death* or nightmare* or night mare* or emotion*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(posttraumatic* or post traumatic* or stress disorder* or acute stress or ptsd or asd or desnos or (combat neuros* or combat syndrome or concentration camp syndrome or extreme stress or flashback* or flash back* or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or psych* stress or psych* trauma* or psycho?trauma* or psychotrauma*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/2,4,6–9</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *antidepressant agent/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">antidepressive agents/ or serotonin uptake inhibitors/ or monoamine oxidase inhibitors/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 use mesz</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">antidepressant drugs/ or serotonin reuptake inhibitors/ or serotonin reuptake inhibitors/ or monoamine oxidase inhibitors/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(tricyclic* or tca*1).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ssri* or ((serotonin or 5 ht or 5 hydroxytryptamine) adj (uptake or reuptake or re uptake) adj inhibit*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(antidepress* or anti depress* or maoi* or ((adrenaline or amine or mao or mono amin* or monoamin* or tyramin*) adj2 inhibit*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(snri* or ssnri* or ((noradrenalin or norepinephrine) adj serotonin adj (uptake or reuptake or re uptake) adj inhibitor*) or (serotonin adj (noradrenalin or norepinephrine) adj (uptake or reuptake or re uptake) adj inhibitor*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12,14,16,17–20</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">fluoxetine/ use emez,mesz,psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">paroxetine/ use emez,mesz,psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sertaline/ use emez,mesz,psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fluoxetin* or fluctin*1 or flunirin* or fluoxifar or lovan or prosac or prozac or prozamin* or sarafem or symbyax).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(paroxetin* or aropax or deroxat or motivan or paxil* or pexeva or seroxat or tagonis).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sertralin* or altrulin* or aremis or besitran* or gladem or lustral* or naphthylamin* or sealdin* or serad or serlain* or tresleen or zoloft).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22–27</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*amitriptyline/ use emez or amitriptyline/ use mesz,psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(amitriptyl* or amitryptil* or amitryptin* or amitryptylin* or amytriptil* or amytriptyl* or amytryptil* or adepress or adepril* or ambivalon* or amineurin* or amitid* or amitril* or amitrip or amitrol* or anapsique or anp 3548 or antitriptylin* or apoamitriptylin* or damilen* or damylen* or domical* or elatrol* or elavil* or endep or enovil* or etafon* or etafron* or euplit* or lantron* or laroxal* or laroxyl* or lentizol* or novoprotect or proheptadien* or redomex or sarboten retard 75 or saroten* or sarotex or stelminal* or sylvemid* or syneudon* or teperin* or terepin* or triptafen* or triptanol* or triptizol* or triptyl or triptylin* or tryptanol* or tryptin* or tryptizol*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*imipramine/ use emez or imipramine/ use mesz,psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(imipramin* or antideprin* or berkomin* or chrytemin* or deprinol* or ia pram or imavate or imidobenzyl* or imidol* or imipramid* or imiprex or imiprin* or imizin* or janimin* or melipramin* or norchlorimipramin* or norpramin* tablets or novopramin* or presamin* or pryleugan* or psychoforin* or psychoforin* or servipramin* or sk pramin* or tofranil* or trofanil*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/29–32</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">brofaromin*.sh.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(brofaremin* or brofaromin* or brofarominum or consonar).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">phenelzin*.sh.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(phenelzin* or 2 phenethylhydrazin* or 2 phenylethylhydrazin* or benzylmethylhydrazin* or beta phenethylhydrazin* or beta phenylethylhydrazine or fenelzin or fenizin* or mao rem or nardelzin* or nardil* or phenalzin* or phenethylhydrazin* or phenylethylhydrazin* or stinerval*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/34–37</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*venlafaxine/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">venlafaxine hydrochloride/ use mesz or venlafaxine/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(venlafaxin* or efexor or effexor or trevilor).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/39–41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*mirtazapine/ use emez or mirtazapine/ use mesz,psyh or (mirtazapin* or 6 azamianserin* or lerivon* or remergil* or remergon* or remeron* or tolvon* or zispin).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">neuroleptic agent/ use emez or antipsychotic agents/ use mesz or neuroleptic drugs/ use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(antipsychotic* or anti psychotic* or (major adj2 (butyrophenon* or phenothiazin* or tranquil*)) or neuroleptic*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*olanzapine/ use emez or olanzapine/ use mesz,psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(olanzapin* or lanzac or ly 170053 or ly170053 or midax or olansek or zydis or zyprex*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*risperidone/ use emez or risperidone/ use mesz,psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(risperidon* or belivon* or risolept or risperdal*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/47–50</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/43,44,46–51</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">carbamazepin*.sh. or (amizepin or amizepine or atretol or biston or calepsin or camapine or carbadac or carbamazepin or carbategral or carbatol or carbatrol or carbazene or carbazep or carbazin* or carmaz or carpaz or carzepin or carzepine or clostedal or convuline or epileptol or epimax or epitol or eposal retard or equetro or espa-lepsin or finlepsin or foxalepsin or hermolepsin or karbamazepin or kodapan or lexin or mazepine or mazetol or neugeron or neurotol or neurotop or nordotol or panitol or servimazepin or sirtal or tardotol or taver or tegol or tegral or tegretal or tegretol or tegrital or telesmin or temporal or temporol or teril or timonil).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">clonidine/ use emez,mesz or (adesipress or arkamin or atensina or caprysin or catapres or catapresan or catapressant or catasan or chlofazolin or chlophazolin or chlophelin or chlophazolin or clinidine or clofelin or clofeline or clomidine or clondine or clonicel or clonidin* or clonipresan or clonistada or clonnirit or clophelin* or daipres or dixarit or duraclon or gemiton or haemiton or hemiton or hypodine or isoglaucon or jenloga or kapvay or klofelin or klofenil or melzin or normopresan or normopresin or paracefan or sulmidine or taitecin or tenso timelets).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">propranolol/ use emez,mesz or (acifol or adrexan or alperol or anaprilin * or anaprilinium or anaprylin* or angilol or apsolol or arcablock or artensol or authus or avlocardyl or becardin or bedranol or beprane or bercolol or berkolol or beta neg or beta tablinen or beta timelets or betabloc or betadipresan or betaneg or betaprol or betares or betraden or betaryl or blocard or blocaryl or cardinol or ciplar or corbeta or deralin or dexpropranolol or dibudinate or dideral or dociton * or durabeton or duranol or efektolol or elbrol or emforal or farmadral or farprolol or frekven or frina or hemangeol or hemangiol or hopranolol or ikopal or impral or inderal or inderalici or inderex or indicardin or indobloc or innopran or inpanol or ipran or lederpronol or levopropranolol or napriline or noloten or obsidan or obsin or obzidan or oposim or phanerol or prandol or prano puren or pranopuren or prestoral or prolol or pronovan or propabloc or propal or propalong or propanolol or propayerst or propercuten or prophylux or propra ratiopharm or propral or propranur or proprasylyt* or reducor or rexigen or sagittol or slow deralin or stapranolol or sumial or tenomal or tensiflex or waucoton).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/53–55</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*carbamazepine/ use emez or carbamazepine/ use mesz,psyh or (amizepin * or carbamazepin* or atretol or biston or carbamazepin or carbategral or carbatol or carbatrol or carzepin or carzepine or epimax or epitol or equetro or finlepsin or lexin or neurotop or sirtal or tegral or tegretal or tegretol or tegrital or timonil).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*valproate semisodium/ use emez or valproic acid/ use mesz,psyh or (delepsine or depakote or divalproex or epilim chrono or valproate or valproic acid).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*lamotrigine/ use emez or lamotrigine/ use mesz,psyh or (labileno or lamotrigin* or lamepil or lamictal or lamictin or lamodex).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*tiagabine/ use emez or tiagabine/ use mesz,psyh or (gabitril or tiabex or tiagabin*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*topiramate/ use emez or topiramate/ use mesz,psyh or (epitomax or qudexy or topamax or topimax or topiramat* or trokendi).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*nefazodone/ use emez or nefazodone/ use mesz,psyh or (nefazodon* or nefadar or nefazadone or reseril or serzone).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*buspirone/ use emez or buspirone/ use mesz,psyh or (axoren or bespar or buspar or buspin or buspiron*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*lorazepam/ use emez or lorazepam/ use mesz,psyh or (almazine or alzapam or ativan or bonatranquan or kendol or laubeel or lorabenz or loram or loranase or loranaze or lorans or lorax or lorazepam or lorazin or loridem or lorivan or mesmerin or nervistop or orifadal or pro dorm or quait or securit or tavor or temesta or tolid or upan or wypax).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*diazepam/ use emez or diazepam/ use mesz,psyh or (antenex or assival or calmpose or cercin or cercine or diapam or diastat or diazemuls or diazepam or diazidem or ducene or eurosan or fanstan or faustan or neocalme or novazam or paceum or pacitran or plidan or psychopax or relanium or seduxen or serendin or sonacon or stesolid or valaxona or valiquid or valium or valpam or valrelease or vatran or zetran).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*clonazepam/ use emez or clonazepam/ use mesz,psyh or (aklonil or antelepsin or clonazepam or clonex or clonopin or clonotril or iktorivil or klonopin or rivatril or rivotril).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*alprazolam/ use emez or alprazolam/ use mesz,psyh or (aceprax or alprazolam or anax or constan or frontal or helex or neupax or niravam or solanax or tafil or trankimazin or valeans or xanax or xanor).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*cycloserine/ use emez or cycloserine/ use mesz,psyh or (cycloserin* or seromicina or seromycin or terizidon or 4-amino-3-isoxazolidinone).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*ketamine/ use emez or ketamine/ use mesz,psyh or (ketamin* or ketalar or calipsol or calypsol or imalgene or kalipsol or ketaject or ketalar or ketaminol or ketanest or ketased or ketaset or ketaved or ketavet or ketoject or ketolar or narkamon or narketan or velonarcon or vetalar).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine/ use emez or n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/ use mesz or methylenedioxymethamphetamine/ use psyh or (ecstasy or mdma or methylenedioxy-methamphetamine or methylenedioxymethamphetamine).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*neuropeptide y/ use emez or neuropeptide/ use mesz,psyh or (neuropeptide y or neuropeptide tyrosine).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*oxytocin/ use emez or oxytocin/ use mesz,psyh or (atonin or di sipidin or disipidin or endopituitrin or mipareton or orasthin or orastina or oxystin or oxytan or pareton or partacon or partocon or partolact or partoxin or physormon or pitocin or piton or pituilobine or pitupartin or synpitan or syntocinon or utedrin or uteracon or uterason).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prazosin.sh. or (prazosin or adversuten or alpress or deprazolin or hypovase or lentopres or minipress or peripress or pratsiol or prazac or prazosin diffutab or vasoflex).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*propranolol/ use emez or propranolol/ use mesz,psyh or (propranolol or anaprilin or anapriline or arcablock or authus or avlocardyl or avlocardyl retard or bedranol or beprane or beta timelets or betadipresan or cardinol or ciplar or corbeta or deralin or dociton or duranol or efektolol or elbrol or frekven or hemangeol or hemangiol or inderal or inderalici or inderex or innopran or ipran or obsidan or prandol or prolol plus or propabloc or propal or propercuten or prophylux or propra ratiopharm or propral or propranur or sagittol or sumial).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*hydrocortisone/ use emez or hydrocortisone/ use mesz,psyh or (alfacort or cort dome or cortef or cortenema or cortisol* or dioderm or ef cortelan or efcortelan or egocort or eksalb or epicort or ficortril or hycor or hycort or hydracort or hydrocort or hydrocortison* or hydrocortone or hydrokortison or hydrotopic or hysone or hytisone or hytone or mildison or munitren or novohydrocort or plenadren or proctocort or proctosone or rectocort or schericur or scherosone or synacort or texacort).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/57–75</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">anticonvulsant agent/ use emez or benzodiazepine derivative/ use emez or tranquilizer/ use emez or anticonvulsants/ use mesz or anti anxiety agents/ use mesz or benzodiazepines/ use mesz or anticonvulsant drugs/ use psyh or benzodiazepines/ use psyh or tranquilizing drugs/ use psyh or (anticonvuls* or anti convuls*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(anxiolytic* or antianxiety or anti anxiety).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">benzodiaz*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/77–79</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/21,28,33,38,42,52,56,76,80</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta analysis/ or “meta analysis (topic)”/ or systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta analysis.sh,pt. or “meta-analysis as topic”/ or “review literature as topic"/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">85</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84 use mesz</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(literature review or meta analysis).sh,id,md. or systematic review.id,md.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp bibliographic database/ or (((electronic or computer* or online) adj database*) or bids or cochrane or embase or index medicus or isi citation or medline or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or science citation or (web adj2 science)).ti,ab.) and (review*.ti,ab,sh,pt. or systematic*.ti,ab.)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">88 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp databases, bibliographic/ or (((electronic or computer* or online) adj database*) or bids or cochrane or embase or index medicus or isi citation or medline or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or science citation or (web adj2 science)).ti,ab.) and (review*.ti,ab,sh,pt. or systematic*.ti,ab.)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">90 use mesz</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(computer searching.sh,id. or (((electronic or computer* or online) adj database*) or bids or cochrane or embase or index medicus or isi citation or medline or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or science citation or (web adj2 science)).ti,ab.) and (review*.ti,ab,pt. or systematic*.ti,ab.)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">93</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((analy* or assessment* or evidence* or methodol* or quantativ* or systematic*) adj2 (overview* or review*)).tw. or ((analy* or assessment* or evidence* or methodol* or quantativ* or systematic*).ti. and review*.ti,pt.) or (systematic* adj2 search*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">95</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(metaanal* or meta anal*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(research adj (review* or integration)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reference list*.ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">98</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">bibliograph*.ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">published studies.ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">relevant journals.ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">selection criteria.ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(data adj (extraction or synthesis)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(handsearch* or ((hand or manual) adj search*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mantel haenszel or peto or dersimonian or der simonian).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(fixed effect* or random effect*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">106</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((pool* or combined or combining) adj2 (data or trials or studies or results)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/83,85,87,89,91,93–106</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “clinical trial (topic)”/ or exp clinical trial/ or crossover procedure/ or double blind procedure/ or placebo/ or randomization/ or random sample/ or single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp clinical trial/ or exp “clinical trials as topic”/ or cross-over studies/ or double-blind method/ or placebos/ or random allocation/ or single-blind method/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110 use mesz</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(clinical trials or placebo or random sampling).sh,id.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">114</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(clinical adj2 trial*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">115</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover or cross over).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((single* or doubl* or trebl* or tripl*) adj2 blind*) or mask* or dummy or doubleblind* or singleblind* or trebleblind* or tripleblind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">117</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(placebo* or random*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">118</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">treatment outcome*.md. use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not human*.mp. use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal*/ not human*/ use mesz</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(animal not human).po. use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/109,111,113–118</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122 not (or/119–121)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/107,123</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 and 81 and 124</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab2"><div id="ch6.appb.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Stress Disorders, Traumatic this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Combat Disorders this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Psychological Trauma this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Stress, Psychological this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">("railway spine" or (rape near/2 trauma*) or reexperienc* or “re experienc*" or “torture syndrome" or “traumatic neuros*" or “traumatic stress"):ti (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">("railway spine" or (rape near/2 trauma*) or reexperienc* or “re experienc*" or “torture syndrome" or “traumatic neuros*" or “traumatic stress"):ab (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(trauma* and (avoidance or grief or horror or death* or nightmare* or “night mare*" or emotion*)):ti (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(trauma* and (avoidance or grief or horror or death* or nightmare* or “night mare*" or emotion*)):ab (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(posttraumatic* or “post traumatic*" or “stress disorder*" or “acute stress" or ptsd or asd or desnos or ("combat neuros*" or “combat syndrome" or “concentration camp syndrome" or “extreme stress" or flashback* or “flash back*" or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or “psych* stress" or “psych* trauma*" or psychotrauma* or psychotrauma*) or (posttrauma* or traumagenic* or “traumatic stress*")):ti (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(posttraumatic* or “post traumatic*" or “stress disorder*" or “acute stress" or ptsd or asd or desnos or ("combat neuros*" or “combat syndrome" or “concentration camp syndrome" or “extreme stress" or flashback* or “flash back*" or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or “psych* stress" or “psych* trauma*" or psychotrauma* or psychotrauma*) or (posttrauma* or traumagenic* or “traumatic stress*")):ab (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab3"><div id="ch6.appb.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s6 and s51</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s51</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s40 or s50</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s48 not s49</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mh “animals") not (mh “human")</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s41 or s42 or s43 or s44 or s45 or s46 or s47</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( placebo* or random* ) or ab ( placebo* or random* )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( single blind* or double blind* or treble blind* or mask* or dummy* or singleblind* or doubleblind* or trebleblind* or tripleblind* ) or ab ( single blind* or double blind* or treble blind* or mask* or dummy* or singleblind* or doubleblind* or trebleblind* or tripleblind* )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( crossover or cross over ) or ab ( crossover or cross over )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti clinical n2 trial* or ab clinical n2 trial*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mh “crossover design") or (mh “placebos") or (mh “random assignment") or (mh “random sample")</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">mw double blind* or single blind* or triple blind*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mh “clinical trials+")</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s7 or s8 or s9 or s10 or s11 or s12 or s13 or s14 or s15 or s16 or s17 or s18 or s19 or s20 or s21 or s22 or s23 or s29 or s30 or s31 or s34 or s35 or s36 or s37 or s38 or s39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( analy* n5 review* or evidence* n5 review* or methodol* n5 review* or quantativ* n5 review* or systematic* n5 review* ) or ab ( analy* n5 review* or assessment* n5 review* or evidence* n5 review* or methodol* n5 review* or qualitativ* n5 review* or quantativ* n5 review* or systematic* n5 review* )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( pool* n2 results or combined n2 results or combining n2 results ) or ab ( pool* n2 results or combined n2 results or combining n2 results )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( pool* n2 studies or combined n2 studies or combining n2 studies ) or ab ( pool* n2 studies or combined n2 studies or combining n2 studies )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( pool* n2 trials or combined n2 trials or combining n2 trials ) or ab ( pool* n2 trials or combined n2 trials or combining n2 trials )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( pool* n2 data or combined n2 data or combining n2 data ) or ab ( pool* n2 data or combined n2 data or combining n2 data )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s32 and s33</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti review* or pt review*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti analy* or assessment* or evidence* or methodol* or quantativ* or qualitativ* or systematic*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti “systematic* n5 search*” or ab “systematic* n5 search*”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti “systematic* n5 review*” or ab “systematic* n5 review*”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(s24 or s25 or s26) and (s27 or s28)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti systematic* or ab systematic*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">tx review* or mw review* or pt review*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mh “cochrane library")</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( bids or cochrane or embase or “index medicus” or “isi citation” or medline or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or “science citation” or web n2 science ) or ab ( bids or cochrane or “index medicus” or “isi citation” or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or “science citation” or web n2 science )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( “electronic database*” or “bibliographic database*” or “computeri?ed database*” or “online database*” ) or ab ( “electronic database*” or “bibliographic database*” or “computeri?ed database*” or “online database*” )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mh “literature review")</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">pt systematic* or pt meta*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( “fixed effect*” or “random effect*” ) or ab ( “fixed effect*” or “random effect*” )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( “mantel haenszel” or peto or dersimonian or “der simonian” ) or ab ( “mantel haenszel” or peto or dersimonian or “der simonian” )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( handsearch* or “hand search*” or “manual search*” ) or ab ( handsearch* or “hand search*” or “manual search*” )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ab “data extraction” or “data synthesis”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ab “selection criteria”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ab “relevant journals”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ab “published studies”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ab bibliograph*</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti “reference list*”</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ab “reference list*"</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( “research review*” or “research integration” ) or ab ( “research review*” or “research integration” )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( metaanal* or “meta anal*” or metasynthes* or “meta synethes*” ) or ab ( metaanal* or “meta anal*” or metasynthes* or “meta synethes*” )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mh “meta analysis”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mh “systematic review”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mh “literature searching+”)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s1 or s2 or s3 or s4 or s5</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( (posttraumatic* or “post traumatic*” or “stress disorder*” or “acute stress” or ptsd or asd or desnos or (“combat neuros*” or “combat syndrome” or “concentration camp syndrome” or “extreme stress” or flashback* or “flash back*” or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or “psych* stress” or “psych* trauma*” or psychotrauma* or psychotrauma*) or (posttrauma* or traumagenic* or “traumatic stress*”)) ) or ab ( (posttraumatic* or “post traumatic*” or “stress disorder*” or “acute stress” or ptsd or asd or desnos or (“combat neuros*” or “combat syndrome” or “concentration camp syndrome” or “extreme stress” or flashback* or “flash back*” or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or “psych* stress” or “psych* trauma*” or psychotrauma* or psychotrauma*) or (posttrauma* or traumagenic* or “traumatic stress*”)) )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( (trauma* and (avoidance or grief or horror or death* or nightmare* or “night mare*" or emotion*)) ) or ab ( (trauma* and (avoidance or grief or horror or death* or nightmare* or “night mare*" or emotion*)) )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ti ( (“railway spine” or (rape near/2 trauma*) or reexperienc* or “re experienc*” or “torture syndrome” or “traumatic neuros*” or “traumatic stress”) ) or ab ( (“railway spine” or (rape near/2 trauma*) or reexperienc* or “re experienc*” or “torture syndrome” or “traumatic neuros*” or “traumatic stress”) )</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mh “stress, psychological")</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">s1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(mh “stress disorders, post-traumatic")</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab4"><div id="ch6.appb.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*acute stress/ or *behavioural stress/ or *emotional stress/ or *critical incident stress/ or *mental stress/ or *posttraumatic stress disorder/ or *psychotrauma/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*acute stress/ or *behavioural stress/ or *emotional stress/ or *critical incident stress/ or *mental stress/ or *posttraumatic stress disorder/ or *psychotrauma/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stress disorders, traumatic/ or combat disorders/ or psychological trauma/ or stress disorders, post-traumatic/ or stress disorders, traumatic, acute/ or stress, psychological/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 use mesz, prem</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp posttraumatic stress disorder/ or acute stress disorder/ or combat experience/ or “debriefing (psychological)”/ or emotional trauma/ or post-traumatic stress/ or traumatic neurosis/ or “trauma”/ or stress reactions/ or psychological stress/ or chronic stress/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(railway spine or (rape adj2 trauma*) or reexperienc* or re experienc* or torture syndrome or traumatic neuros* or traumatic stress).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(trauma* and (avoidance or grief or horror or death* or nightmare* or night mare* or emotion*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(posttraumatic* or post traumatic* or stress disorder* or acute stress or ptsd or asd or desnos or (combat neuros* or combat syndrome or concentration camp syndrome or extreme stress or flashback* or flash back* or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or psych* stress or psych* trauma* or psycho?trauma* or psychotrauma*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/2,4,6–9</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget/ or exp economic evaluation/ or exp fee/ or funding/ or exp health care cost/ or health economics/ or exp pharmacoeconomics/ or resource allocation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">151 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp budgets/ or exp “costs and cost analysis”/ or economics/ or exp economics, hospital/ or exp economics, medical/ or economics, nursing/ or economics, pharmaceutical/ or exp “fees and charges”/ or value of life/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">153 use mesz, prem</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “costs and cost analysis”/ or cost containment/ or economics/ or finance/ or funding/ or “health care economics”/ or pharmacoeconomics/ or exp professional fees/ or resource allocation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">155 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* or economic* or pharmacoeconomic* or pharmaco economic*).ti. or (cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi*)).ab. or (budget* or fee or fees or financ* or price or prices or pricing or resource* allocat* or (value adj2 (monetary or money))).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/12,14,16–17</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision theory/ or decision tree/ or monte carlo method/ or nonbiological model/ or (statistical model/ and exp economic aspect/) or stochastic model/ or theoretical model/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">159 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp decision theory/ or markov chains/ or exp models, economic/ or models, organizational/ or models, theoretical/ or monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">161 use mesz, prem</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp decision theory/ or exp stochastic modeling/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">163 use psyh</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((decision adj (analy* or model* or tree*)) or economic model* or markov).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20,22,24–25</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality adjusted life year/ or “quality of life index”/ or short form 12/ or short form 20/ or short form 36/ or short form 8/ or sickness impact profile/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">167 use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality-adjusted life years/ or sickness impact profile/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">169 use mesz, prem</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((disability or quality) adj adjusted) or (adjusted adj2 life)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(disutili* or dis utili* or (utilit* adj1 (health or score* or value* or weigh*))).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health year equivalent* or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(daly or qal or qald or qale or qaly or qtime* or qwb*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete choice.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or euro qol* or eq5d* or eq 5d*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(((general or quality) adj2 (wellbeing or well being)) or quality adjusted life or qwb or (value adj2 (money or monetary))).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol or hql* or hqol* or hrqol or hr ql or hrql).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(standard gamble or time trade* or tto or willingness to pay or wtp).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36 or sf 36 or short form 36 or shortform 36 or shortform36).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6 or sf 6 or short form 6 or shortform 6 or shortform6).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12 or sf 12 or short form 12 or shortform 12 or shortform12).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf16 or sf 16 or short form 16 or shortform 16 or shortform16).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8 or sf 8 or short form 8 or shortform 8 or shortform8).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/28,30–48</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18,26,49</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appbtab5"><div id="ch6.appb.tab5" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Stress Disorders, Traumatic this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Combat Disorders this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Psychological Trauma this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: Stress, Psychological this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">("railway spine" or (rape near/2 trauma*) or reexperienc* or “re experienc*" or “torture syndrome" or “traumatic neuros*" or “traumatic stress"):ti (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">("railway spine" or (rape near/2 trauma*) or reexperienc* or “re experienc*" or “torture syndrome" or “traumatic neuros*" or “traumatic stress"):ab (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(trauma* and (avoidance or grief or horror or death* or nightmare* or “night mare*" or emotion*)):ti (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(trauma* and (avoidance or grief or horror or death* or nightmare* or “night mare*" or emotion*)):ab (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(posttraumatic* or “post traumatic*" or “stress disorder*" or “acute stress" or ptsd or asd or desnos or ("combat neuros*" or “combat syndrome" or “concentration camp syndrome" or “extreme stress" or flashback* or “flash back*" or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or “psych* stress" or “psych* trauma*" or psychotrauma* or psychotrauma*) or (posttrauma* or traumagenic* or “traumatic stress*")):ti (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(posttraumatic* or “post traumatic*" or “stress disorder*" or “acute stress" or ptsd or asd or desnos or ("combat neuros*" or “combat syndrome" or “concentration camp syndrome" or “extreme stress" or flashback* or “flash back*" or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or “psych* stress" or “psych* trauma*" or psychotrauma* or psychotrauma*) or (posttrauma* or traumagenic* or “traumatic stress*")):ab (Word variations have been searched)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appcfig1"><div id="ch6.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20diagram%20of%20clinical%20article%20selection%20for%20review.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow diagram of clinical article selection for review." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow diagram of clinical article selection for review</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig1"><div id="ch6.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig2"><div id="ch6.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Depression%20symptoms%20(MADRS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig3"><div id="ch6.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig4"><div id="ch6.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig5"><div id="ch6.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20PTSD%2FASD%20symptomatology%20(ASDS%20endpoint%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. PTSD/ASD symptomatology (ASDS endpoint score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">PTSD/ASD symptomatology (ASDS endpoint score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig6"><div id="ch6.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Diagnosis%20of%20PTSD%20at%203-month%20follow-up.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig7"><div id="ch6.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig8"><div id="ch6.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score)%3B%20Clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 9. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Clinically important PTSD symptoms at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Clinically important PTSD symptoms at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig9"><div id="ch6.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Diagnosis%20of%20PTSD%20at%201-month%20follow-up.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Diagnosis of PTSD at 1-month follow-up." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Diagnosis of PTSD at 1-month follow-up</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig10"><div id="ch6.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20endpoint%20score)%3B%20Unclear%20severity%20of%20PTSD%20symptoms%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 11. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS endpoint score); Unclear severity of PTSD symptoms at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS endpoint score); Unclear severity of PTSD symptoms at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig11"><div id="ch6.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Diagnosis%20of%20PTSD%3B%20Unclear%20severity%20of%20PTSD%20symptoms%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Diagnosis of PTSD; Unclear severity of PTSD symptoms at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Diagnosis of PTSD; Unclear severity of PTSD symptoms at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig12"><div id="ch6.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Depression%20symptoms%20(CES-D%20endpoint%20score)%3B%20Unclear%20severity%20of%20PTSD%20symptoms%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef12.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Depression symptoms (CES-D endpoint score); Unclear severity of PTSD symptoms at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Depression symptoms (CES-D endpoint score); Unclear severity of PTSD symptoms at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig13"><div id="ch6.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2014.%20Quality%20of%20life%20(SF-36%20General%20health%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef13.jpg" alt="Figure 14. Quality of life (SF-36 General health change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 14</span><span class="title">Quality of life (SF-36 General health change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig14"><div id="ch6.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2015.%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef14.jpg" alt="Figure 15. Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 15</span><span class="title">Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig15"><div id="ch6.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2016.%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(IES-R%20change%20score)%3B%20Subthreshold%20symptoms%20(below%20threshold%20but%20%0226550%25%20maximum%20score%20on%20scale)%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef15.jpg" alt="Figure 16. PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES-R change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 16</span><span class="title">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES-R change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig16"><div id="ch6.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2017.%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score)%3B%20Subthreshold%20symptoms%20(below%20threshold%20but%20%0226550%25%20maximum%20score%20on%20scale)%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef16.jpg" alt="Figure 17. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 17</span><span class="title">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig17"><div id="ch6.appe.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2018.%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HADS-A%20change%20score)%3B%20Subthreshold%20symptoms%20(below%20threshold%20but%20%0226550%25%20maximum%20score%20on%20scale)%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef17.jpg" alt="Figure 18. Anxiety symptoms (HADS-A change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 18</span><span class="title">Anxiety symptoms (HADS-A change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig18"><div id="ch6.appe.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2019.%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HADS-D%20change%20score)%3B%20Subthreshold%20symptoms%20(below%20threshold%20but%20%0226550%25%20maximum%20score%20on%20scale)%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef18.jpg" alt="Figure 19. Depression symptoms (HADS-D change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 19</span><span class="title">Depression symptoms (HADS-D change score); Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig19"><div id="ch6.appe.fig19" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2020.%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef19.jpg" alt="Figure 20. Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 20</span><span class="title">Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig20"><div id="ch6.appe.fig20" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2021.%20PTSD%2FASD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(ASDS%20endpoint%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef20.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef20.jpg" alt="Figure 21. PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated (ASDS endpoint score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 21</span><span class="title">PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated (ASDS endpoint score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig21"><div id="ch6.appe.fig21" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2022.%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20at%20endpoint%20(CAPS%20endpoint%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef21.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef21.jpg" alt="Figure 22. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (CAPS endpoint score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 22</span><span class="title">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (CAPS endpoint score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig22"><div id="ch6.appe.fig22" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2023.%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20at%20endpoint%20(CAPS%20endpoint%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef22.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef22.jpg" alt="Figure 23. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (CAPS endpoint score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 23</span><span class="title">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (CAPS endpoint score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig23"><div id="ch6.appe.fig23" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2024.%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20at%202-month%20follow-up%20(CAPS%20endpoint%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef23.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef23.jpg" alt="Figure 24. PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up (CAPS endpoint score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 24</span><span class="title">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up (CAPS endpoint score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig24"><div id="ch6.appe.fig24" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2025.%20Diagnosis%20of%20PTSD%20at%20endpoint.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef24.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef24.jpg" alt="Figure 25. Diagnosis of PTSD at endpoint." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 25</span><span class="title">Diagnosis of PTSD at endpoint</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig25"><div id="ch6.appe.fig25" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2026.%20Diagnosis%20of%20PTSD%20at%202%020133%20month%20follow-up.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef25.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef25.jpg" alt="Figure 26. Diagnosis of PTSD at 2–3 month follow-up." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 26</span><span class="title">Diagnosis of PTSD at 2–3 month follow-up</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig26"><div id="ch6.appe.fig26" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2027.%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef26.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef26.jpg" alt="Figure 27. Discontinuation due to any reason." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 27</span><span class="title">Discontinuation due to any reason</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig27"><div id="ch6.appe.fig27" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2028.%20PTSD%2FASD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(ASDS%20endpoint%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef27.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef27.jpg" alt="Figure 28. PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated (ASDS endpoint score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 28</span><span class="title">PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated (ASDS endpoint score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig28"><div id="ch6.appe.fig28" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2029.%20Diagnosis%20of%20PTSD%20at%203-month%20follow-up.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef28.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef28.jpg" alt="Figure 29. Diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 29</span><span class="title">Diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig29"><div id="ch6.appe.fig29" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2030.%20Discontinuation%20for%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef29.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef29.jpg" alt="Figure 30. Discontinuation for any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 30</span><span class="title">Discontinuation for any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig30"><div id="ch6.appe.fig30" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2031.%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(PCL%20change%20score)%3B%20Non-significant%20PTSD%20symptoms%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef30.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef30.jpg" alt="Figure 31. PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 31</span><span class="title">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig31"><div id="ch6.appe.fig31" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2032.%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(BAI%20change%20score)%3B%20Non-significant%20PTSD%20symptoms%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef31.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef31.jpg" alt="Figure 32. Anxiety symptoms (BAI change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 32</span><span class="title">Anxiety symptoms (BAI change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig32"><div id="ch6.appe.fig32" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2033.%20Depression%20symptoms%20(BDI%20change%20score)%3B%20Non-significant%20PTSD%20symptoms%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef32.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef32.jpg" alt="Figure 33. Depression symptoms (BDI change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 33</span><span class="title">Depression symptoms (BDI change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig33"><div id="ch6.appe.fig33" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2034.%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score)%3B%20Non-significant%20PTSD%20symptoms%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef33.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef33.jpg" alt="Figure 34. Functional impairment (SDS change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 34</span><span class="title">Functional impairment (SDS change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig34"><div id="ch6.appe.fig34" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2035.%20Sleeping%20difficulties%20(PSQI%20change%20score)%3B%20Non-significant%20PTSD%20symptoms%20at%20baseline.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef34.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef34.jpg" alt="Figure 35. Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 35</span><span class="title">Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score); Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig35"><div id="ch6.appe.fig35" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2036.%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef35.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef35.jpg" alt="Figure 36. Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 36</span><span class="title">Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig36"><div id="ch6.appe.fig36" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2037.%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef36.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef36.jpg" alt="Figure 37. Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 37</span><span class="title">Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig37"><div id="ch6.appe.fig37" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2038.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(DTS%2FIES-R%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef37.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef37.jpg" alt="Figure 38. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS/IES-R change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 38</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS/IES-R change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig38"><div id="ch6.appe.fig38" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2039.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%2FSI%02013PTSD%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef38.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef38.jpg" alt="Figure 39. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/SI–PTSD change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 39</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/SI–PTSD change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig39"><div id="ch6.appe.fig39" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2040.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20clinician-rated%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C20%20on%20CAPS%2Fno%20longer%20meeting%20diagnostic%20criteria%20for%20PTSD).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef39.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef39.jpg" alt="Figure 40. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission clinician-rated (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 40</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission clinician-rated (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig40"><div id="ch6.appe.fig40" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2041.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20self-rated%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C18%20on%20DTS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef40.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef40.jpg" alt="Figure 41. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission self-rated (number of people scoring <18 on DTS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 41</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission self-rated (number of people scoring <18 on DTS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig41"><div id="ch6.appe.fig41" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2042.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%0226530%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS%20or%20IES-R%2F%0226550%25%20improvement%20on%20TOP-8%20and%2For%20CGI-I%20much%20or%20very%20much%20improved).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef41.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef41.jpg" alt="Figure 42. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS or IES-R/≥50% improvement on TOP-8 and/or CGI-I much or very much improved)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 42</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS or IES-R/≥50% improvement on TOP-8 and/or CGI-I much or very much improved)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig42"><div id="ch6.appe.fig42" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2043.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef42.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef42.jpg" alt="Figure 43. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 43</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig43"><div id="ch6.appe.fig43" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2044.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%2FMADRS%2FBDI%2FBDI-II%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef43.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef43.jpg" alt="Figure 44. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/MADRS/BDI/BDI-II change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 44</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/MADRS/BDI/BDI-II change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig44"><div id="ch6.appe.fig44" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2045.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Dissociative%20symptoms%20(DES%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef44.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef44.jpg" alt="Figure 45. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Dissociative symptoms (DES change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 45</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Dissociative symptoms (DES change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig45"><div id="ch6.appe.fig45" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2046.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef45.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef45.jpg" alt="Figure 46. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 46</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig46"><div id="ch6.appe.fig46" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2047.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Global%20functioning%20(GAF%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef46.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef46.jpg" alt="Figure 47. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning (GAF change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 47</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning (GAF change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig47"><div id="ch6.appe.fig47" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2048.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(Q-LES-Q-SF%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef47.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef47.jpg" alt="Figure 48. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 48</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig48"><div id="ch6.appe.fig48" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2049.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Sleeping%20difficulties%20(PSQI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef48.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef48.jpg" alt="Figure 49. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 49</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig49"><div id="ch6.appe.fig49" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2050.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Relationship%20difficulties%20(IIP%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef49.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef49.jpg" alt="Figure 50. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Relationship difficulties (IIP change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 50</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Relationship difficulties (IIP change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig50"><div id="ch6.appe.fig50" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2051.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef50.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef50.jpg" alt="Figure 51. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 51</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig51"><div id="ch6.appe.fig51" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2052.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef51.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef51.jpg" alt="Figure 52. SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 52</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig52"><div id="ch6.appe.fig52" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2053.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(DTS%2FIES-R%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef52.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef52.jpg" alt="Figure 53. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS/IES-R change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 53</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS/IES-R change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig53"><div id="ch6.appe.fig53" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2054.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%2FSI%02013PTSD%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef53.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef53.jpg" alt="Figure 54. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/SI–PTSD change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 54</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/SI–PTSD change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig54"><div id="ch6.appe.fig54" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2055.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20clinician-rated%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C20%20on%20CAPS%2Fno%20longer%20meeting%20diagnostic%20criteria%20for%20PTSD).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef54.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef54.jpg" alt="Figure 55. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission clinician-rated (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 55</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission clinician-rated (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig55"><div id="ch6.appe.fig55" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2056.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20self-rated%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C18%20on%20DTS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef55.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef55.jpg" alt="Figure 56. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission self-rated (number of people scoring <18 on DTS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 56</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission self-rated (number of people scoring <18 on DTS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig56"><div id="ch6.appe.fig56" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2057.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%0226530%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS%20or%20IES-R%2F%0226550%25%20improvement.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef56.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef56.jpg" alt="Figure 57. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS or IES-R/≥50% improvement." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 57</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS or IES-R/≥50% improvement</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig57"><div id="ch6.appe.fig57" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2058.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef57.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef57.jpg" alt="Figure 58. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 58</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig58"><div id="ch6.appe.fig58" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2059.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%2FMADRS%2FBDI-II%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef58.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef58.jpg" alt="Figure 59. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/MADRS/BDI-II change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 59</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/MADRS/BDI-II change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig59"><div id="ch6.appe.fig59" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2060.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Dissociative%20symptoms%20(DES%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef59.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef59.jpg" alt="Figure 60. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Dissociative symptoms (DES change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 60</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Dissociative symptoms (DES change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig60"><div id="ch6.appe.fig60" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2061.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef60.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef60.jpg" alt="Figure 61. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 61</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig61"><div id="ch6.appe.fig61" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2062.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Global%20functioning%20(GAF%20endpoint%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef61.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef61.jpg" alt="Figure 62. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning (GAF endpoint score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 62</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning (GAF endpoint score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig62"><div id="ch6.appe.fig62" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2063.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(Q-LES-Q-SF%20change%2Fendpoint%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef62.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef62.jpg" alt="Figure 63. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change/endpoint score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 63</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change/endpoint score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig63"><div id="ch6.appe.fig63" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2064.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Sleeping%20difficulties%20(PSQI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef63.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef63.jpg" alt="Figure 64. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 64</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig64"><div id="ch6.appe.fig64" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2065.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Relationship%20difficulties%20(IIP%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef64.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef64.jpg" alt="Figure 65. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Relationship difficulties (IIP change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 65</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Relationship difficulties (IIP change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig65"><div id="ch6.appe.fig65" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2066.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef65.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef65.jpg" alt="Figure 66. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 66</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig66"><div id="ch6.appe.fig66" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2067.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20SSRI%20versus%20Placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef66.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef66.jpg" alt="Figure 67. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 67</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: SSRI versus Placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig67"><div id="ch6.appe.fig67" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2068.%20Sertraline%20(%2Bnon-trauma-focused%20cognitive%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score)%3B%20Unclear%20multiplicity%20of%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef67.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef67.jpg" alt="Figure 68. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 68</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig68"><div id="ch6.appe.fig68" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2069.%20Sertraline%20(%2Bnon-trauma-focused%20cognitive%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20improvement%20of%20at%20least%2015%20points%20on%20CAPS)%3B%20Unclear%20multiplicity%20of%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef68.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef68.jpg" alt="Figure 69. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing improvement of at least 15 points on CAPS); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 69</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing improvement of at least 15 points on CAPS); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig69"><div id="ch6.appe.fig69" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2070.%20Sertraline%20(%2Bnon-trauma-focused%20cognitive%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Alcohol%20use%3A%20Number%20of%20heavy%20drinking%20days%20in%20the%20past%207%20days%20(TLFB%20HDD%3B%20%022655%20drinks%2Fday%20for%20men%20and%20%022654%20drinks%2Fday%20for%20women%3B%20Change%20score)%3B%20Unclear%20multiplicity%20of%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef69.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef69.jpg" alt="Figure 70. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use: Number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days (TLFB HDD; ≥5 drinks/day for men and ≥4 drinks/day for women; Change score); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 70</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use: Number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days (TLFB HDD; ≥5 drinks/day for men and ≥4 drinks/day for women; Change score); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig70"><div id="ch6.appe.fig70" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2071.%20Sertraline%20(%2Bnon-trauma-focused%20cognitive%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Alcohol%20use%3A%20Drinks%20per%20drinking%20day%20(TLFB%20DDD%3B%20change%20score)%3B%20Unclear%20multiplicity%20of%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef70.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef70.jpg" alt="Figure 71. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use: Drinks per drinking day (TLFB DDD; change score); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 71</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use: Drinks per drinking day (TLFB DDD; change score); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig71"><div id="ch6.appe.fig71" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2072.%20Sertraline%20(%2Bnon-trauma-focused%20cognitive%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Alcohol%20use%3A%20Number%20of%20participants%20abstinent%20from%20alcohol%20(in%20the%20prior%207%20days%3B%20TLFB)%3B%20Unclear%20multiplicity%20of%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef71.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef71.jpg" alt="Figure 72. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use: Number of participants abstinent from alcohol (in the prior 7 days; TLFB); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 72</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use: Number of participants abstinent from alcohol (in the prior 7 days; TLFB); Unclear multiplicity of index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig72"><div id="ch6.appe.fig72" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2073.%20Sertraline%20(%2Bnon-trauma-focused%20cognitive%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef72.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef72.jpg" alt="Figure 73. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 73</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig73"><div id="ch6.appe.fig73" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2074.%20Sertraline%20(%2Bnon-trauma-focused%20cognitive%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef73.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef73.jpg" alt="Figure 74. Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 74</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+non-trauma-focused cognitive therapy) versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig74"><div id="ch6.appe.fig74" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2075.%20SSRI%20versus%20mirtazapine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef74.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef74.jpg" alt="Figure 75. SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 75</span><span class="title">SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig75"><div id="ch6.appe.fig75" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2076.%20SSRI%20versus%20mirtazapine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%0226530%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef75.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef75.jpg" alt="Figure 76. SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 76</span><span class="title">SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig76"><div id="ch6.appe.fig76" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2077.%20SSRI%20versus%20mirtazapine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%2FBDI-II%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef76.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef76.jpg" alt="Figure 77. SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/BDI-II change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 77</span><span class="title">SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/BDI-II change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig77"><div id="ch6.appe.fig77" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2078.%20SSRI%20versus%20mirtazapine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef77.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef77.jpg" alt="Figure 78. SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 78</span><span class="title">SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig78"><div id="ch6.appe.fig78" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2079.%20SSRI%20versus%20mirtazapine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef78.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef78.jpg" alt="Figure 79. SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 79</span><span class="title">SSRI versus mirtazapine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig79"><div id="ch6.appe.fig79" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2080.%20Sertraline%20versus%20nefazodone%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(DTS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef79.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef79.jpg" alt="Figure 80. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 80</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig80"><div id="ch6.appe.fig80" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2081.%20Sertraline%20versus%20nefazodone%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%2FTOP-8%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef80.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef80.jpg" alt="Figure 81. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/TOP-8 change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 81</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/TOP-8 change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig81"><div id="ch6.appe.fig81" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2082.%20Sertraline%20versus%20nefazodone%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef81.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef81.jpg" alt="Figure 82. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 82</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig82"><div id="ch6.appe.fig82" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2083.%20Sertraline%20versus%20nefazodone%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(MADRS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef82.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef82.jpg" alt="Figure 83. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 83</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig83"><div id="ch6.appe.fig83" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2084.%20Sertraline%20versus%20nefazodone%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef83.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef83.jpg" alt="Figure 84. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 84</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig84"><div id="ch6.appe.fig84" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2085.%20Sertraline%20versus%20nefazodone%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Sleeping%20difficulties%20(PSQI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef84.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef84.jpg" alt="Figure 85. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 85</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig85"><div id="ch6.appe.fig85" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2086.%20Sertraline%20versus%20nefazodone%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef85.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef85.jpg" alt="Figure 86. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 86</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig86"><div id="ch6.appe.fig86" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2087.%20Sertraline%20versus%20nefazodone%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef86.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef86.jpg" alt="Figure 87. Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 87</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus nefazodone for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig87"><div id="ch6.appe.fig87" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2088.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20moclobemide%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef87.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef87.jpg" alt="Figure 88. Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 88</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig88"><div id="ch6.appe.fig88" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2089.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20moclobemide%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%3E50%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef88.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef88.jpg" alt="Figure 89. Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 89</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig89"><div id="ch6.appe.fig89" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2090.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20moclobemide%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef89.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef89.jpg" alt="Figure 90. Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 90</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig90"><div id="ch6.appe.fig90" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2091.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20moclobemide%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef90.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef90.jpg" alt="Figure 91. Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 91</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus moclobemide for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig91"><div id="ch6.appe.fig91" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2092.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20tianeptine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef91.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef91.jpg" alt="Figure 92. Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 92</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig92"><div id="ch6.appe.fig92" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2093.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20tianeptine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%3E50%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef92.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef92.jpg" alt="Figure 93. Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 93</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig93"><div id="ch6.appe.fig93" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2094.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20tianeptine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef93.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef93.jpg" alt="Figure 94. Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 94</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig94"><div id="ch6.appe.fig94" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2095.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20tianeptine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef94.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef94.jpg" alt="Figure 95. Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 95</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig95"><div id="ch6.appe.fig95" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2096.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20reboxetine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef95.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef95.jpg" alt="Figure 96. Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 96</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig96"><div id="ch6.appe.fig96" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2097.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20reboxetine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef96.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef96.jpg" alt="Figure 97. Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 97</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig97"><div id="ch6.appe.fig97" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2098.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20reboxetine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef97.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef97.jpg" alt="Figure 98. Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 98</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig98"><div id="ch6.appe.fig98" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2099.%20Fluoxetine%20versus%20reboxetine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef98.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef98.jpg" alt="Figure 99. Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 99</span><span class="title">Fluoxetine versus reboxetine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig99"><div id="ch6.appe.fig99" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20100.%20Sertraline%20versus%20venlafaxine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(DTS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef99.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef99.jpg" alt="Figure 100. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 100</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig100"><div id="ch6.appe.fig100" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20101.%20Sertraline%20versus%20venlafaxine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef100.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef100.jpg" alt="Figure 101. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 101</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig101"><div id="ch6.appe.fig101" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20102.%20Sertraline%20versus%20venlafaxine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C20%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef101.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef101.jpg" alt="Figure 102. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 102</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig102"><div id="ch6.appe.fig102" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20103.%20Sertraline%20versus%20venlafaxine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef102.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef102.jpg" alt="Figure 103. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 103</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig103"><div id="ch6.appe.fig103" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20104.%20Sertraline%20versus%20venlafaxine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef103.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef103.jpg" alt="Figure 104. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 104</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig104"><div id="ch6.appe.fig104" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20105.%20Sertraline%20versus%20venlafaxine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Global%20functioning%20(GAF%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef104.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef104.jpg" alt="Figure 105. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning (GAF change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 105</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning (GAF change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig105"><div id="ch6.appe.fig105" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20106.%20Sertraline%20versus%20venlafaxine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(Q-LES-Q-SF%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef105.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef105.jpg" alt="Figure 106. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 106</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig106"><div id="ch6.appe.fig106" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20107.%20Sertraline%20versus%20venlafaxine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef106.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef106.jpg" alt="Figure 107. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 107</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig107"><div id="ch6.appe.fig107" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20108.%20Sertraline%20versus%20venlafaxine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef107.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef107.jpg" alt="Figure 108. Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 108</span><span class="title">Sertraline versus venlafaxine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig108"><div id="ch6.appe.fig108" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20109.%20Sertraline%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20versus%20venlafaxine%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(HTQ%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef108.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef108.jpg" alt="Figure 109. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (HTQ change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 109</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (HTQ change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig109"><div id="ch6.appe.fig109" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20110.%20Sertraline%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20versus%20venlafaxine%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef109.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef109.jpg" alt="Figure 110. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 110</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig110"><div id="ch6.appe.fig110" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20111.%20Sertraline%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20versus%20venlafaxine%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef110.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef110.jpg" alt="Figure 111. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 111</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig111"><div id="ch6.appe.fig111" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20112.%20Sertraline%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20versus%20venlafaxine%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef111.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef111.jpg" alt="Figure 112. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 112</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig112"><div id="ch6.appe.fig112" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20113.%20Sertraline%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20versus%20venlafaxine%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(WHO-5%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef112.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef112.jpg" alt="Figure 113. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (WHO-5 change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 113</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (WHO-5 change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig113"><div id="ch6.appe.fig113" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20114.%20Sertraline%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20versus%20venlafaxine%20(%2Btrauma-focused%20CBT)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef113.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef113.jpg" alt="Figure 114. Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 114</span><span class="title">Sertraline (+trauma-focused CBT) versus venlafaxine (+trauma-focused CBT) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig114"><div id="ch6.appe.fig114" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20115.%20Paroxetine%20versus%20amitriptyline%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef114.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef114.jpg" alt="Figure 115. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 115</span><span class="title">Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig115"><div id="ch6.appe.fig115" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20116.%20Paroxetine%20versus%20amitriptyline%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%0226530%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS%20%26%20CGI-I%20much%20or%20very%20much%20improved).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef115.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef115.jpg" alt="Figure 116. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS & CGI-I much or very much improved)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 116</span><span class="title">Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS & CGI-I much or very much improved)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig116"><div id="ch6.appe.fig116" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20117.%20Paroxetine%20versus%20amitriptyline%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(BAI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef116.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef116.jpg" alt="Figure 117. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (BAI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 117</span><span class="title">Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (BAI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig117"><div id="ch6.appe.fig117" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20118.%20Paroxetine%20versus%20amitriptyline%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(BDI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef117.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef117.jpg" alt="Figure 118. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (BDI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 118</span><span class="title">Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (BDI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig118"><div id="ch6.appe.fig118" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20119.%20Paroxetine%20versus%20amitriptyline%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef118.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef118.jpg" alt="Figure 119. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 119</span><span class="title">Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig119"><div id="ch6.appe.fig119" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20120.%20Paroxetine%20versus%20amitriptyline%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef119.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef119.jpg" alt="Figure 120. Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 120</span><span class="title">Paroxetine versus amitriptyline for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig120"><div id="ch6.appe.fig120" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20121.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20maintenance%20treatment%20of%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Relapse.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef120.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef120.jpg" alt="Figure 121. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Relapse." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 121</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Relapse</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig121"><div id="ch6.appe.fig121" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20122.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20maintenance%20treatment%20of%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(DTS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef121.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef121.jpg" alt="Figure 122. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 122</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig122"><div id="ch6.appe.fig122" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20123.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20maintenance%20treatment%20of%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef122.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef122.jpg" alt="Figure 123. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 123</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig123"><div id="ch6.appe.fig123" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20124.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20maintenance%20treatment%20of%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef123.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef123.jpg" alt="Figure 124. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 124</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig124"><div id="ch6.appe.fig124" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20125.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20maintenance%20treatment%20of%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(Q-LES-Q-SF%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef124.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef124.jpg" alt="Figure 125. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 125</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Q-LES-Q-SF change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig125"><div id="ch6.appe.fig125" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20126.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20maintenance%20treatment%20of%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef125.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef125.jpg" alt="Figure 126. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 126</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig126"><div id="ch6.appe.fig126" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20127.%20SSRI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20maintenance%20treatment%20of%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef126.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef126.jpg" alt="Figure 127. SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 127</span><span class="title">SSRI versus placebo for maintenance treatment of PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig127"><div id="ch6.appe.fig127" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20128.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20at%20endpoint%20(HTQ%2FPDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef127.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef127.jpg" alt="Figure 128. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (HTQ/PDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 128</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (HTQ/PDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig128"><div id="ch6.appe.fig128" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20129.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20at%201-year%20follow-up%20(PDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef128.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef128.jpg" alt="Figure 129. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up (PDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 129</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up (PDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig129"><div id="ch6.appe.fig129" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20130.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%2FSI%02013PTSD%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef129.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef129.jpg" alt="Figure 130. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/SI–PTSD change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 130</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/SI–PTSD change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig130"><div id="ch6.appe.fig130" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20131.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20(number%20of%20people%20no%20longer%20meeting%20diagnostic%20criteria%20for%20PTSD%2Fscoring%20%0226420%20on%20CAPS%20%26%20CGI-I%20score%3D1).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef130.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef130.jpg" alt="Figure 131. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD/scoring ≤20 on CAPS & CGI-I score=1)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 131</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD/scoring ≤20 on CAPS & CGI-I score=1)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig131"><div id="ch6.appe.fig131" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20132.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20rated%20as%20%02018much%02019%20or%20%02018very%20much%02019%20improved%20on%20CGI-I).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef131.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef131.jpg" alt="Figure 132. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 132</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig132"><div id="ch6.appe.fig132" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20133.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20at%20endpoint%20(HAM-A%2FSTAI%20State%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef132.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef132.jpg" alt="Figure 133. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at endpoint (HAM-A/STAI State change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 133</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at endpoint (HAM-A/STAI State change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig133"><div id="ch6.appe.fig133" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20134.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20at%201-year%20follow-up%20(STAI%20State%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef133.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef133.jpg" alt="Figure 134. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at 1-year follow-up (STAI State change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 134</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at 1-year follow-up (STAI State change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig134"><div id="ch6.appe.fig134" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20135.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20at%20endpoint%20(HAM-D%2FBDI-II%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef134.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef134.jpg" alt="Figure 135. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at endpoint (HAM-D/BDI-II change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 135</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at endpoint (HAM-D/BDI-II change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig135"><div id="ch6.appe.fig135" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20136.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20at%201-year%20follow-up%20(BDI-II%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef135.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef135.jpg" alt="Figure 136. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at 1-year follow-up (BDI-II change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 136</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at 1-year follow-up (BDI-II change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig136"><div id="ch6.appe.fig136" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20137.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef136.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef136.jpg" alt="Figure 137. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 137</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig137"><div id="ch6.appe.fig137" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20138.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(WHO-5%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef137.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef137.jpg" alt="Figure 138. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (WHO-5 change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 138</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (WHO-5 change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig138"><div id="ch6.appe.fig138" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20139.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef138.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef138.jpg" alt="Figure 139. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 139</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig139"><div id="ch6.appe.fig139" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20140.%20SSRI%20%2B%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20versus%20trauma-focused%20CBT%20(%B1placebo)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef139.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef139.jpg" alt="Figure 140. SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 140</span><span class="title">SSRI + trauma-focused CBT versus trauma-focused CBT (±placebo) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig140"><div id="ch6.appe.fig140" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20141.%20TCA%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(IES%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef140.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef140.jpg" alt="Figure 141. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 141</span><span class="title">TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig141"><div id="ch6.appe.fig141" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20142.%20TCA%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(SI%02013PTSD%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef141.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef141.jpg" alt="Figure 142. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (SI–PTSD change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 142</span><span class="title">TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (SI–PTSD change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig142"><div id="ch6.appe.fig142" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20143.%20TCA%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%0226550%25%20improvement%20on%20SI%02013PTSD%2Frated%20as%20%02018much%20or%20very%20much%20improved%02019%20on%20CGI-I)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef142.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef142.jpg" alt="Figure 143. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥50% improvement on SI–PTSD/rated as ‘much or very much improved’ on CGI-I); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 143</span><span class="title">TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥50% improvement on SI–PTSD/rated as ‘much or very much improved’ on CGI-I); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig143"><div id="ch6.appe.fig143" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20144.%20TCA%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%2FCAS%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef143.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef143.jpg" alt="Figure 144. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A/CAS change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 144</span><span class="title">TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A/CAS change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig144"><div id="ch6.appe.fig144" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20145.%20TCA%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef144.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef144.jpg" alt="Figure 145. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 145</span><span class="title">TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig145"><div id="ch6.appe.fig145" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20146.%20TCA%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef145.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef145.jpg" alt="Figure 146. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 146</span><span class="title">TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig146"><div id="ch6.appe.fig146" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20147.%20TCA%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef146.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef146.jpg" alt="Figure 147. TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events; Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 147</span><span class="title">TCA versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events; Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig147"><div id="ch6.appe.fig147" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20148.%20Venlafaxine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomology%20at%20endpoint%20(CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef147.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef147.jpg" alt="Figure 148. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomology at endpoint (CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 148</span><span class="title">Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomology at endpoint (CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig148"><div id="ch6.appe.fig148" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20149.%20Venlafaxine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Symptoms%20of%2Frecovery%20from%20depression%20at%20endpoint%20(HAM-D%2017).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef148.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef148.jpg" alt="Figure 149. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Symptoms of/recovery from depression at endpoint (HAM-D 17)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 149</span><span class="title">Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Symptoms of/recovery from depression at endpoint (HAM-D 17)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig149"><div id="ch6.appe.fig149" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20150.%20Venlafaxine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Global%20functioning%20at%20endpoint%20(GAF).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef149.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef149.jpg" alt="Figure 150. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning at endpoint (GAF)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 150</span><span class="title">Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Global functioning at endpoint (GAF)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig150"><div id="ch6.appe.fig150" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20151.%20Venlafaxine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20at%20endpoint%20(Quality%20of%20Life%20Enjoyment%20and%20Life%20Satisfaction%20Short%20Form).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef150.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef150.jpg" alt="Figure 151. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life at endpoint (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Life Satisfaction Short Form)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 151</span><span class="title">Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life at endpoint (Quality of Life Enjoyment and Life Satisfaction Short Form)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig151"><div id="ch6.appe.fig151" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20152.%20Venlafaxine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20at%20endpoint%20(Sheehan%20Disability%20Scale).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef151.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef151.jpg" alt="Figure 152. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment at endpoint (Sheehan Disability Scale)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 152</span><span class="title">Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment at endpoint (Sheehan Disability Scale)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig152"><div id="ch6.appe.fig152" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20153.%20Venlafaxine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20effects)%20at%20endpoint.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef152.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef152.jpg" alt="Figure 153. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse effects) at endpoint." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 153</span><span class="title">Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse effects) at endpoint</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig153"><div id="ch6.appe.fig153" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20154.%20Venlafaxine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20effects.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef153.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef153.jpg" alt="Figure 154. Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse effects." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 154</span><span class="title">Venlafaxine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse effects</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig154"><div id="ch6.appe.fig154" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20155.%20MAOI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(IES%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef154.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef154.jpg" alt="Figure 155. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 155</span><span class="title">MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig155"><div id="ch6.appe.fig155" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20156.%20MAOI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score)%3B%20Single%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef155.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef155.jpg" alt="Figure 156. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Single incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 156</span><span class="title">MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Single incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig156"><div id="ch6.appe.fig156" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20157.%20MAOI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20(number%20of%20people%20no%20longer%20meeting%20diagnostic%20criteria%20for%20PTSD)%3B%20Single%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef156.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef156.jpg" alt="Figure 157. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD); Single incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 157</span><span class="title">MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD); Single incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig157"><div id="ch6.appe.fig157" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20158.%20MAOI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20rated%20as%20%02018much%02019%20or%20%02018very%20much%02019%20improved%20on%20CGI-I)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef157.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef157.jpg" alt="Figure 158. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 158</span><span class="title">MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig158"><div id="ch6.appe.fig158" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20159.%20MAOI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(CAS%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef158.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef158.jpg" alt="Figure 159. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (CAS change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 159</span><span class="title">MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (CAS change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig159"><div id="ch6.appe.fig159" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20160.%20MAOI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef159.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef159.jpg" alt="Figure 160. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 160</span><span class="title">MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig160"><div id="ch6.appe.fig160" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20161.%20MAOI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef160.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef160.jpg" alt="Figure 161. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 161</span><span class="title">MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig161"><div id="ch6.appe.fig161" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20162.%20MAOI%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef161.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef161.jpg" alt="Figure 162. MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events; Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 162</span><span class="title">MAOI versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events; Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig162"><div id="ch6.appe.fig162" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20163.%20Phenelzine%20versus%20imipramine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(IES%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef162.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef162.jpg" alt="Figure 163. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 163</span><span class="title">Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig163"><div id="ch6.appe.fig163" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20164.%20Phenelzine%20versus%20imipramine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20rated%20as%20%02018much%02019%20or%20%02018very%20much%02019%20improved%20on%20CGI-I).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef163.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef163.jpg" alt="Figure 164. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 164</span><span class="title">Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig164"><div id="ch6.appe.fig164" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20165.%20Phenelzine%20versus%20imipramine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(CAS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef164.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef164.jpg" alt="Figure 165. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (CAS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 165</span><span class="title">Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (CAS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig165"><div id="ch6.appe.fig165" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20166.%20Phenelzine%20versus%20imipramine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef165.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef165.jpg" alt="Figure 166. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 166</span><span class="title">Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig166"><div id="ch6.appe.fig166" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20167.%20Phenelzine%20versus%20imipramine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef166.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef166.jpg" alt="Figure 167. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 167</span><span class="title">Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig167"><div id="ch6.appe.fig167" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20168.%20Phenelzine%20versus%20imipramine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef167.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef167.jpg" alt="Figure 168. Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 168</span><span class="title">Phenelzine versus imipramine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig168"><div id="ch6.appe.fig168" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20169.%20Nefazodone%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(PCL%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef168.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef168.jpg" alt="Figure 169. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 169</span><span class="title">Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig169"><div id="ch6.appe.fig169" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20170.%20Nefazodone%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef169.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef169.jpg" alt="Figure 170. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 170</span><span class="title">Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig170"><div id="ch6.appe.fig170" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20171.%20Nefazodone%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%0226530%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef170.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef170.jpg" alt="Figure 171. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 171</span><span class="title">Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig171"><div id="ch6.appe.fig171" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20172.%20Nefazodone%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef171.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef171.jpg" alt="Figure 172. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 172</span><span class="title">Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig172"><div id="ch6.appe.fig172" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20173.%20Nefazodone%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Dissociative%20symptoms%20(CADSS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef172.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef172.jpg" alt="Figure 173. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Dissociative symptoms (CADSS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 173</span><span class="title">Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Dissociative symptoms (CADSS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig173"><div id="ch6.appe.fig173" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20174.%20Nefazodone%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef173.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef173.jpg" alt="Figure 174. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 174</span><span class="title">Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig174"><div id="ch6.appe.fig174" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20175.%20Nefazodone%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef174.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef174.jpg" alt="Figure 175. Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 175</span><span class="title">Nefazodone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig175"><div id="ch6.appe.fig175" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20176.%20Bupropion%20(%2BTAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2BTAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(DTS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef175.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef175.jpg" alt="Figure 176. Bupropion (+TAU) versus placebo (+TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 176</span><span class="title">Bupropion (+TAU) versus placebo (+TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig176"><div id="ch6.appe.fig176" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20177.%20Bupropion%20(%2BTAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2BTAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(BDI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef176.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef176.jpg" alt="Figure 177. Bupropion (+TAU) versus placebo (+TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (BDI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 177</span><span class="title">Bupropion (+TAU) versus placebo (+TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (BDI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig177"><div id="ch6.appe.fig177" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20178.%20Moclobemide%20versus%20tianeptine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%20in%20adults%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef177.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef177.jpg" alt="Figure 178. Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 178</span><span class="title">Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig178"><div id="ch6.appe.fig178" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20179.%20Moclobemide%20versus%20tianeptine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%20in%20adults%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%3E50%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef178.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef178.jpg" alt="Figure 179. Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 179</span><span class="title">Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig179"><div id="ch6.appe.fig179" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20180.%20Moclobemide%20versus%20tianeptine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%20in%20adults%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef179.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef179.jpg" alt="Figure 180. Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 180</span><span class="title">Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig180"><div id="ch6.appe.fig180" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20181.%20Moclobemide%20versus%20tianeptine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%20in%20adults%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef180.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef180.jpg" alt="Figure 181. Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 181</span><span class="title">Moclobemide versus tianeptine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms in adults: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig181"><div id="ch6.appe.fig181" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20182.%20Topiramate%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(DTS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef181.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef181.jpg" alt="Figure 182. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 182</span><span class="title">Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig182"><div id="ch6.appe.fig182" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20183.%20Topiramate%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef182.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef182.jpg" alt="Figure 183. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 183</span><span class="title">Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig183"><div id="ch6.appe.fig183" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20184.%20Topiramate%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%0226530%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef183.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef183.jpg" alt="Figure 184. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 184</span><span class="title">Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig184"><div id="ch6.appe.fig184" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20185.%20Topiramate%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef184.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef184.jpg" alt="Figure 185. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 185</span><span class="title">Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig185"><div id="ch6.appe.fig185" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20186.%20Topiramate%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%2FBDI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef185.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef185.jpg" alt="Figure 186. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/BDI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 186</span><span class="title">Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D/BDI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig186"><div id="ch6.appe.fig186" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20187.%20Topiramate%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef186.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef186.jpg" alt="Figure 187. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 187</span><span class="title">Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig187"><div id="ch6.appe.fig187" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20188.%20Topiramate%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef187.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef187.jpg" alt="Figure 188. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 188</span><span class="title">Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig188"><div id="ch6.appe.fig188" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20189.%20Topiramate%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef188.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef188.jpg" alt="Figure 189. Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 189</span><span class="title">Topiramate versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig189"><div id="ch6.appe.fig189" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20190.%20Divalproex%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef189.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef189.jpg" alt="Figure 190. Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 190</span><span class="title">Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig190"><div id="ch6.appe.fig190" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20191.%20Divalproex%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef190.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef190.jpg" alt="Figure 191. Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 191</span><span class="title">Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig191"><div id="ch6.appe.fig191" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20192.%20Divalproex%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(MADRS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef191.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef191.jpg" alt="Figure 192. Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 192</span><span class="title">Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig192"><div id="ch6.appe.fig192" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20193.%20Divalproex%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef192.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef192.jpg" alt="Figure 193. Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 193</span><span class="title">Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig193"><div id="ch6.appe.fig193" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20194.%20Divalproex%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef193.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef193.jpg" alt="Figure 194. Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 194</span><span class="title">Divalproex versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig194"><div id="ch6.appe.fig194" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20195.%20Tiagabine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef194.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef194.jpg" alt="Figure 195. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 195</span><span class="title">Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig195"><div id="ch6.appe.fig195" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20196.%20Tiagabine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20rated%20as%20%02018much%02019%20or%20%02018very%20much%02019%20improved%20on%20CGI-I).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef195.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef195.jpg" alt="Figure 196. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 196</span><span class="title">Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig196"><div id="ch6.appe.fig196" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20197.%20Tiagabine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C20%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef196.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef196.jpg" alt="Figure 197. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 197</span><span class="title">Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig197"><div id="ch6.appe.fig197" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20198.%20Tiagabine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(MADRS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef197.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef197.jpg" alt="Figure 198. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 198</span><span class="title">Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig198"><div id="ch6.appe.fig198" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20199.%20Tiagabine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef198.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef198.jpg" alt="Figure 199. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 199</span><span class="title">Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig199"><div id="ch6.appe.fig199" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20200.%20Tiagabine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef199.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef199.jpg" alt="Figure 200. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 200</span><span class="title">Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig200"><div id="ch6.appe.fig200" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20201.%20Tiagabine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef200.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef200.jpg" alt="Figure 201. Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 201</span><span class="title">Tiagabine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig201"><div id="ch6.appe.fig201" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20202.%20Pregabalin%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(PCL%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef201.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef201.jpg" alt="Figure 202. Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 202</span><span class="title">Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig202"><div id="ch6.appe.fig202" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20203.%20Pregabalin%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef202.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef202.jpg" alt="Figure 203. Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 203</span><span class="title">Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig203"><div id="ch6.appe.fig203" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20204.%20Pregabalin%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef203.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef203.jpg" alt="Figure 204. Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 204</span><span class="title">Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig204"><div id="ch6.appe.fig204" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20205.%20Pregabalin%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(Spitzer%20Quality%20of%20Life%20Index%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef204.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef204.jpg" alt="Figure 205. Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Spitzer Quality of Life Index change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 205</span><span class="title">Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (Spitzer Quality of Life Index change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig205"><div id="ch6.appe.fig205" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20206.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(DTS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef205.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef205.jpg" alt="Figure 206. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 206</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig206"><div id="ch6.appe.fig206" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20207.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef206.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef206.jpg" alt="Figure 207. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 207</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig207"><div id="ch6.appe.fig207" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20208.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C50%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef207.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef207.jpg" alt="Figure 208. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <50 on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 208</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <50 on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig208"><div id="ch6.appe.fig208" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20209.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%3E50%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef208.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef208.jpg" alt="Figure 209. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 209</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig209"><div id="ch6.appe.fig209" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20210.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef209.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef209.jpg" alt="Figure 210. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 210</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig210"><div id="ch6.appe.fig210" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20211.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(MADRS%2FHAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef210.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef210.jpg" alt="Figure 211. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS/HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 211</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS/HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig211"><div id="ch6.appe.fig211" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20212.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef211.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef211.jpg" alt="Figure 212. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 212</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig212"><div id="ch6.appe.fig212" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20213.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(BLSI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef212.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef212.jpg" alt="Figure 213. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (BLSI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 213</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (BLSI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig213"><div id="ch6.appe.fig213" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20214.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Sleeping%20difficulties%20(PSQI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef213.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef213.jpg" alt="Figure 214. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 214</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig214"><div id="ch6.appe.fig214" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20215.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef214.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef214.jpg" alt="Figure 215. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 215</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig215"><div id="ch6.appe.fig215" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20216.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef215.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef215.jpg" alt="Figure 216. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 216</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig216"><div id="ch6.appe.fig216" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20217.%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomology%20by%20subscale.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef216.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef216.jpg" alt="Figure 217. Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomology by subscale." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 217</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomology by subscale</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig217"><div id="ch6.appe.fig217" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20218.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(DTS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef217.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef217.jpg" alt="Figure 218. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 218</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (DTS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig218"><div id="ch6.appe.fig218" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20219.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef218.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef218.jpg" alt="Figure 219. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 219</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig219"><div id="ch6.appe.fig219" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20220.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C50%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef219.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef219.jpg" alt="Figure 220. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <50 on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 220</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people scoring <50 on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig220"><div id="ch6.appe.fig220" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20221.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%3E50%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef220.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef220.jpg" alt="Figure 221. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 221</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig221"><div id="ch6.appe.fig221" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20222.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef221.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef221.jpg" alt="Figure 222. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 222</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig222"><div id="ch6.appe.fig222" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20223.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20lacebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(MADRS%2FHAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef222.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef222.jpg" alt="Figure 223. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus lacebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS/HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 223</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus lacebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (MADRS/HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig223"><div id="ch6.appe.fig223" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20224.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Functional%20impairment%20(SDS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef223.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef223.jpg" alt="Figure 224. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 224</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Functional impairment (SDS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig224"><div id="ch6.appe.fig224" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20225.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(BLSI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef224.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef224.jpg" alt="Figure 225. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (BLSI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 225</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (BLSI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig225"><div id="ch6.appe.fig225" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20226.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Sleeping%20difficulties%20(PSQI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef225.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef225.jpg" alt="Figure 226. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 226</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig226"><div id="ch6.appe.fig226" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20227.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef226.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef226.jpg" alt="Figure 227. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 227</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig227"><div id="ch6.appe.fig227" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20228.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20monotherapy%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef227.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef227.jpg" alt="Figure 228. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 228</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic monotherapy versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig228"><div id="ch6.appe.fig228" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20229.%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medication)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef228.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef228.jpg" alt="Figure 229. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 229</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig229"><div id="ch6.appe.fig229" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20230.%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medication)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%0226520%2F50%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef229.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef229.jpg" alt="Figure 230. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥20/50% improvement on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 230</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥20/50% improvement on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig230"><div id="ch6.appe.fig230" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20231.%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medication)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef230.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef230.jpg" alt="Figure 231. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 231</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig231"><div id="ch6.appe.fig231" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20232.%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medication)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef231.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef231.jpg" alt="Figure 232. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 232</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig232"><div id="ch6.appe.fig232" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20233.%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medication)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef232.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef232.jpg" alt="Figure 233. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 233</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig233"><div id="ch6.appe.fig233" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20234.%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medication)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef233.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef233.jpg" alt="Figure 234. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 234</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig234"><div id="ch6.appe.fig234" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20235.%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medication)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomology%20by%20subscale.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef234.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef234.jpg" alt="Figure 235. Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomology by subscale." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 235</span><span class="title">Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medication) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomology by subscale</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig235"><div id="ch6.appe.fig235" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20236.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef235.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef235.jpg" alt="Figure 236. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 236</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig236"><div id="ch6.appe.fig236" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20237.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20%0226520%25%20improvement%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef236.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef236.jpg" alt="Figure 237. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥20% improvement on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 237</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people showing ≥20% improvement on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig237"><div id="ch6.appe.fig237" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20238.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20(HAM-A%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef237.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef237.jpg" alt="Figure 238. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 238</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms (HAM-A change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig238"><div id="ch6.appe.fig238" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20239.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef238.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef238.jpg" alt="Figure 239. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 239</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig239"><div id="ch6.appe.fig239" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20240.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef239.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef239.jpg" alt="Figure 240. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 240</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig240"><div id="ch6.appe.fig240" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20241.%20Sub-analysis%20by%20specific%20intervention%3A%20Antipsychotic%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20of%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef240.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef240.jpg" alt="Figure 241. Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 241</span><span class="title">Sub-analysis by specific intervention: Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) of for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig241"><div id="ch6.appe.fig241" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20242.%20Alprazolam%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-report%20(PSS-SR%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef241.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef241.jpg" alt="Figure 242. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-report (PSS-SR change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 242</span><span class="title">Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-report (PSS-SR change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig242"><div id="ch6.appe.fig242" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20243.%20Alprazolam%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef242.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef242.jpg" alt="Figure 243. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 243</span><span class="title">Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig243"><div id="ch6.appe.fig243" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20244.%20Alprazolam%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20(number%20of%20people%20no%20longer%20meeting%20diagnostic%20criteria%20for%20PTSD)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef243.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef243.jpg" alt="Figure 244. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 244</span><span class="title">Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig244"><div id="ch6.appe.fig244" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20245.%20Alprazolam%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef244.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef244.jpg" alt="Figure 245. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 245</span><span class="title">Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus placebo (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig245"><div id="ch6.appe.fig245" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20246.%20Alprazolam%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20versus%20d-cycloserine%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-report%20(PSS-SR%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef245.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef245.jpg" alt="Figure 246. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-report (PSS-SR change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 246</span><span class="title">Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-report (PSS-SR change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig246"><div id="ch6.appe.fig246" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20247.%20Alprazolam%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20versus%20d-cycloserine%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef246.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef246.jpg" alt="Figure 247. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 247</span><span class="title">Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig247"><div id="ch6.appe.fig247" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20248.%20Alprazolam%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20versus%20d-cycloserine%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20(number%20of%20people%20no%20longer%20meeting%20diagnostic%20criteria%20for%20PTSD)%3B%20Multiple%20incident%20index%20trauma.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef247.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef247.jpg" alt="Figure 248. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD); Multiple incident index trauma." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 248</span><span class="title">Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD); Multiple incident index trauma</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig248"><div id="ch6.appe.fig248" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20249.%20Alprazolam%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20versus%20d-cycloserine%20(%2Bvirtual%20reality%20exposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef248.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef248.jpg" alt="Figure 249. Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 249</span><span class="title">Alprazolam (+virtual reality exposure therapy) versus d-cycloserine (+virtual reality exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig249"><div id="ch6.appe.fig249" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20250.%20Prazosin%20(%B1TAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%B1TAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20at%20endpoint%20(PCL%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef249.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef249.jpg" alt="Figure 250. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (PCL change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 250</span><span class="title">Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (PCL change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig250"><div id="ch6.appe.fig250" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20251.%20Prazosin%20(%B1TAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%B1TAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%2FMINI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef250.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef250.jpg" alt="Figure 251. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/MINI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 251</span><span class="title">Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS/MINI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig251"><div id="ch6.appe.fig251" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20252.%20Prazosin%20(%B1TAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%B1TAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20(number%20of%20people%20rated%20as%20%02018much%02019%20or%20%02018very%20much%02019%20improved%20on%20CGI-I).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef251.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef251.jpg" alt="Figure 252. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 252</span><span class="title">Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response (number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig252"><div id="ch6.appe.fig252" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20253.%20Prazosin%20(%B1TAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%B1TAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20at%20endpoint%20(BDI%2FHAM-D%2FPHQ-9%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef252.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef252.jpg" alt="Figure 253. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at endpoint (BDI/HAM-D/PHQ-9 change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 253</span><span class="title">Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at endpoint (BDI/HAM-D/PHQ-9 change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig253"><div id="ch6.appe.fig253" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20254.%20Prazosin%20(%B1TAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%B1TAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Alcohol%20use%20(TLFB)%3A%20Number%20of%20participants%20abstinent%20from%20alcohol%20during%20the%20trial.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef253.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef253.jpg" alt="Figure 254. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use (TLFB): Number of participants abstinent from alcohol during the trial." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 254</span><span class="title">Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol use (TLFB): Number of participants abstinent from alcohol during the trial</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig254"><div id="ch6.appe.fig254" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20255.%20Prazosin%20(%B1TAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%B1TAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Alcohol%20craving%2Fconsumption%20(OCDS%2FAUDIT-C%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef254.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef254.jpg" alt="Figure 255. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol craving/consumption (OCDS/AUDIT-C change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 255</span><span class="title">Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Alcohol craving/consumption (OCDS/AUDIT-C change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig255"><div id="ch6.appe.fig255" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20256.%20Prazosin%20(%B1TAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%B1TAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Sleeping%20difficulties%20at%20endpoint%20(PSQI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef255.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef255.jpg" alt="Figure 256. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties at endpoint (PSQI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 256</span><span class="title">Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties at endpoint (PSQI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig256"><div id="ch6.appe.fig256" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20257.%20Prazosin%20(%B1TAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%B1TAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(QOLI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef256.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef256.jpg" alt="Figure 257. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (QOLI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 257</span><span class="title">Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (QOLI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig257"><div id="ch6.appe.fig257" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20258.%20Prazosin%20(%B1TAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%B1TAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef257.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef257.jpg" alt="Figure 258. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 258</span><span class="title">Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig258"><div id="ch6.appe.fig258" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20259.%20Prazosin%20(%B1TAU)%20versus%20placebo%20(%B1TAU)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef258.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef258.jpg" alt="Figure 259. Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 259</span><span class="title">Prazosin (±TAU) versus placebo (±TAU) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig259"><div id="ch6.appe.fig259" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20260.%20Prazosin%20versus%20hydroxyzine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(MINI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef259.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef259.jpg" alt="Figure 260. Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (MINI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 260</span><span class="title">Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (MINI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig260"><div id="ch6.appe.fig260" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20261.%20Prazosin%20versus%20hydroxyzine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Sleeping%20difficulties%20(PSQI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef260.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef260.jpg" alt="Figure 261. Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 261</span><span class="title">Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig261"><div id="ch6.appe.fig261" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20262.%20Prazosin%20versus%20hydroxyzine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef261.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef261.jpg" alt="Figure 262. Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 262</span><span class="title">Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig262"><div id="ch6.appe.fig262" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20263.%20Prazosin%20versus%20hydroxyzine%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef262.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef262.jpg" alt="Figure 263. Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 263</span><span class="title">Prazosin versus hydroxyzine for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig263"><div id="ch6.appe.fig263" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20264.%20Hydroxyzine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(MINI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef263.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef263.jpg" alt="Figure 264. Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (MINI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 264</span><span class="title">Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (MINI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig264"><div id="ch6.appe.fig264" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20265.%20Hydroxyzine%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Sleeping%20difficulties%20(PSQI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef264.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef264.jpg" alt="Figure 265. Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 265</span><span class="title">Hydroxyzine versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (PSQI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig265"><div id="ch6.appe.fig265" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20266.%20Eszopiclone%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef265.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef265.jpg" alt="Figure 266. Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 266</span><span class="title">Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig266"><div id="ch6.appe.fig266" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20267.%20Eszopiclone%20versus%20placebo%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef266.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef266.jpg" alt="Figure 267. Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 267</span><span class="title">Eszopiclone versus placebo for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig267"><div id="ch6.appe.fig267" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20268.%20Propranolol%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(IES-R%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef267.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef267.jpg" alt="Figure 268. Propranolol (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES-R change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 268</span><span class="title">Propranolol (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES-R change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig268"><div id="ch6.appe.fig268" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20269.%20Rivastigmine%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(PCL%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef268.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef268.jpg" alt="Figure 269. Rivastigmine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 269</span><span class="title">Rivastigmine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (PCL change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig269"><div id="ch6.appe.fig269" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20270.%20Guanfacine%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20(IES-R%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef269.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef269.jpg" alt="Figure 270. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES-R change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 270</span><span class="title">Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated (IES-R change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig270"><div id="ch6.appe.fig270" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20271.%20Guanfacine%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef270.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef270.jpg" alt="Figure 271. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 271</span><span class="title">Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig271"><div id="ch6.appe.fig271" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20272.%20Guanfacine%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20(HAM-D%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef271.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef271.jpg" alt="Figure 272. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 272</span><span class="title">Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms (HAM-D change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig272"><div id="ch6.appe.fig272" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20273.%20Guanfacine%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Quality%20of%20life%20(QOLI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef272.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef272.jpg" alt="Figure 273. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (QOLI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 273</span><span class="title">Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Quality of life (QOLI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig273"><div id="ch6.appe.fig273" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20274.%20Guanfacine%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Sleeping%20difficulties%20(Sleep%20Quality%20Index%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef273.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef273.jpg" alt="Figure 274. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (Sleep Quality Index change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 274</span><span class="title">Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Sleeping difficulties (Sleep Quality Index change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig274"><div id="ch6.appe.fig274" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20275.%20Guanfacine%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef274.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef274.jpg" alt="Figure 275. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 275</span><span class="title">Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig275"><div id="ch6.appe.fig275" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20276.%20Guanfacine%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20versus%20placebo%20(augmentation%20of%20routine%20medications)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef275.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef275.jpg" alt="Figure 276. Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 276</span><span class="title">Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications) versus placebo (augmentation of routine medications) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig276"><div id="ch6.appe.fig276" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20277.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20at%20endpoint%20(PCL%2FPSS-SR%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef276.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef276.jpg" alt="Figure 277. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (PCL/PSS-SR change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 277</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (PCL/PSS-SR change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig277"><div id="ch6.appe.fig277" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20278.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20at%203-month%20follow-up%20(PSS-SR%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef277.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef277.jpg" alt="Figure 278. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 3-month follow-up (PSS-SR change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 278</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 3-month follow-up (PSS-SR change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig278"><div id="ch6.appe.fig278" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20279.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20at%206-month%20follow-up%20(PSS-SR%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef278.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef278.jpg" alt="Figure 279. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 6-month follow-up (PSS-SR change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 279</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 6-month follow-up (PSS-SR change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig279"><div id="ch6.appe.fig279" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20280.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20self-rated%20at%201-year%20follow-up%20(PSS-SR%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef279.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef279.jpg" alt="Figure 280. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up (PSS-SR change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 280</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up (PSS-SR change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig280"><div id="ch6.appe.fig280" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20281.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20at%20endpoint%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef280.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef280.jpg" alt="Figure 281. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 281</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig281"><div id="ch6.appe.fig281" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20282.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20at%203-month%20follow-up%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef281.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef281.jpg" alt="Figure 282. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 282</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig282"><div id="ch6.appe.fig282" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20283.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20at%206-month%20follow-up%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef282.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef282.jpg" alt="Figure 283. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 283</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig283"><div id="ch6.appe.fig283" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20284.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20PTSD%20symptomatology%20clinician-rated%20at%201-year%20follow-up%20(CAPS%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef283.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef283.jpg" alt="Figure 284. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up (CAPS change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 284</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up (CAPS change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig284"><div id="ch6.appe.fig284" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20285.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20at%20endpoint%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C20%20on%20CAPS%2Fno%20longer%20meeting%20diagnostic%20criteria).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef284.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef284.jpg" alt="Figure 285. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at endpoint (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 285</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at endpoint (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig285"><div id="ch6.appe.fig285" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20286.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20at%203-month%20follow-up%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C20%20on%20CAPS%2Fno%20longer%20meeting%20diagnostic%20criteria).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef285.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef285.jpg" alt="Figure 286. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at 3-month follow-up (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 286</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at 3-month follow-up (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig286"><div id="ch6.appe.fig286" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20287.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20at%206-month%20follow-up%20(number%20of%20people%20scoring%20%3C20%20on%20CAPS%2Fno%20longer%20meeting%20diagnostic%20criteria).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef286.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef286.jpg" alt="Figure 287. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at 6-month follow-up (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 287</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at 6-month follow-up (number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig287"><div id="ch6.appe.fig287" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20288.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Remission%20at%201-year%20follow-up%20(number%20of%20people%20no%20longer%20meeting%20diagnostic%20criteria).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef287.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef287.jpg" alt="Figure 288. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at 1-year follow-up (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 288</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Remission at 1-year follow-up (number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig288"><div id="ch6.appe.fig288" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20289.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20at%20endpoint%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20improvement%20of%20at%20least%2010%20points%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef288.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef288.jpg" alt="Figure 289. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response at endpoint (number of people showing improvement of at least 10 points on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 289</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response at endpoint (number of people showing improvement of at least 10 points on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig289"><div id="ch6.appe.fig289" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20290.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Response%20at%203-month%20follow-up%20(number%20of%20people%20showing%20improvement%20of%20at%20least%2010%20points%20on%20CAPS).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef289.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef289.jpg" alt="Figure 290. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response at 3-month follow-up (number of people showing improvement of at least 10 points on CAPS)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 290</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Response at 3-month follow-up (number of people showing improvement of at least 10 points on CAPS)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig290"><div id="ch6.appe.fig290" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20291.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20at%20endpoint%20(STAI%20State%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef290.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef290.jpg" alt="Figure 291. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at endpoint (STAI State change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 291</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at endpoint (STAI State change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig291"><div id="ch6.appe.fig291" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20292.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Anxiety%20symptoms%20at%203-month%20follow-up%20(STAI%20State%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef291.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef291.jpg" alt="Figure 292. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at 3-month follow-up (STAI State change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 292</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Anxiety symptoms at 3-month follow-up (STAI State change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig292"><div id="ch6.appe.fig292" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20293.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20at%20endpoint%20(BDI%2FBDI-II%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef292.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef292.jpg" alt="Figure 293. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at endpoint (BDI/BDI-II change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 293</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at endpoint (BDI/BDI-II change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig293"><div id="ch6.appe.fig293" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20294.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Depression%20symptoms%20at%203-month%20follow-up%20(BDI%20change%20score).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef293.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef293.jpg" alt="Figure 294. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at 3-month follow-up (BDI change score)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 294</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Depression symptoms at 3-month follow-up (BDI change score)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig294"><div id="ch6.appe.fig294" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20295.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20any%20reason%20(including%20adverse%20events).&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef294.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef294.jpg" alt="Figure 295. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 295</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch6appefig295"><div id="ch6.appe.fig295" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%20296.%20D-cycloserine%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20versus%20placebo%20(%2Bexposure%20therapy)%20for%20the%20delayed%20treatment%20(%3E3%20months)%20of%20clinically%20important%20PTSD%20symptoms%3A%20Discontinuation%20due%20to%20adverse%20events.&p=BOOKS&id=560211_ch6appef295.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK560211/bin/ch6appef295.jpg" alt="Figure 296. D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 296</span><span class="title">D-cycloserine (+exposure therapy) versus placebo (+exposure therapy) for the delayed treatment (>3 months) of clinically important PTSD symptoms: Discontinuation due to adverse events</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab1"><div id="ch6.appf.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Escitalopram</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 24 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.9 higher (0.12 to 1.68 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 24 weeks; measured with: MADRS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.5 higher (0.25 lower to 1.25 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment (follow-up mean 24 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.49 higher (0.26 lower to 1.24 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events) - Clinically important PTSD symptoms at baseline (follow-up mean 24 weeks; assessed with: Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/12</p>
|
|
<p>(8.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/17</p>
|
|
<p>(5.9%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.42 (0.1 to 20.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 more per 1000 (from 53 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, Confidence interval; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, Standard mean difference.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Significant group difference at baseline and non-blind outcome assessment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_5"><p class="no_margin">Significant group difference at baseline</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab1_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab2"><div id="ch6.appf.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Gabapentin</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD/ASD symptomatology (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: ASDS endpoint score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.16 higher (0.57 lower to 0.89 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 3 months; assessed with: CIDI)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>6/14</p>
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<p>(42.9%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>5/17</p>
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<p>(29.4%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.46 (0.56 to 3.78)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">135 more per 1000 (from 129 fewer to 818 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events) - Non-significant PTSD symptoms at baseline (follow-up mean 1 months; assessed with: Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>0/14</p>
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<p>(0%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2/17</p>
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<p>(11.8%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.24 (0.01 to 4.62)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89 fewer per 1000 (from 116 fewer to 426 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">ASD, Acute Stress Disorder; CI, Confidence Interval; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, Standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab3"><div id="ch6.appf.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Temazepam</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (follow-up mean 1 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.55 higher (0.35 lower to 1.45 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-month follow-up (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.18 higher (0.65 lower to 1.02 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnosis of PTSD at 1-month follow-up (follow-up mean 1 months; assessed with: CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/11</p>
|
|
<p>(54.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/11</p>
|
|
<p>(27.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2 (0.66 to 6.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">273 more per 1000 (from 93 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, Confidence interval; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, Standard Mean Difference.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab4"><div id="ch6.appf.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Hydrocortisone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: CAPS endpoint score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 2.62 lower (3.38 to 1.86 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up (follow-up mean 2 months; measured with: CAPS endpoint score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 2.96 lower (3.85 to 2.07 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnosis of PTSD at endpoint (follow-up mean 1 months; assessed with: CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/24</p>
|
|
<p>(8.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/27</p>
|
|
<p>(11.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.75 (0.14 to 4.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 fewer per 1000 (from 96 fewer to 347 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnosis of PTSD at 2-month follow-up (follow-up mean 2 months; assessed with: CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/19</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/24</p>
|
|
<p>(12.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.18 (0.01 to 3.26)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102 fewer per 1000 (from 124 fewer to 282 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at endpoint (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: CES-D endpoint score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 3.57 lower (4.48 to 2.66 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at 2-month follow-up (follow-up mean 2 months; measured with: CES-D endpoint score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 3.71 lower (4.73 to 2.69 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: SF-36 General health change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 3.51 higher (2.61 to 4.41 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 1 months; assessed with: Number of participants who dropped out due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1/31</p>
|
|
<p>(3.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>0/33</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.19 (0.13 to 75.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab4_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CES-D, Short Self-report scale measuring depressive symptomatology; CI, Confidence interval; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, Standard Mean Difference.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab5"><div id="ch6.appf.tab5" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Oxytocin</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-month follow-up (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: IES-R change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.39 lower (0.78 to 0.01 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 2-month follow-up (follow-up mean 2 months; measured with: IES-R change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.27 lower (0.65 lower to 0.11 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 5-month follow-up (follow-up mean 5 months; measured with: IES-R change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.08 lower (0.46 lower to 0.3 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-month follow-up (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.2 lower (0.58 lower to 0.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up (follow-up mean 2 months; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.44 lower (0.83 to 0.06 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 5-month follow-up (follow-up mean 5 months; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.16 lower (0.54 lower to 0.22 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms at 1-month follow-up (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: HADS-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.31 lower (0.7 lower to 0.07 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms at 2-month follow-up (follow-up mean 2 months; measured with: HADS-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.33 lower (0.71 lower to 0.05 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms at 5-month follow-up (follow-up mean 5 months; measured with: HADS-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.51 lower (0.89 to 0.12 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at 1-month follow-up (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: HADS-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.13 lower (0.51 lower to 0.25 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at 2-month follow-up (follow-up mean 2 months; measured with: HADS-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.07 lower (0.45 lower to 0.31 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at 5-month follow-up (follow-up mean 5 months; measured with: HADS-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.13 lower (0.51 lower to 0.25 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events) - Subthreshold symptoms (below threshold but ≥50% maximum score on scale) at baseline (follow-up mean 1 months; assessed with: Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/62</p>
|
|
<p>(33.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/58</p>
|
|
<p>(29.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.16 (0.68 to 1.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47 more per 1000 (from 94 fewer to 281 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab5_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician administered PTSD scale; CI, Confidence interval, HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, Standard Mean Difference.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">Non-blind outcome assessment</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab5_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab6"><div id="ch6.appf.tab6" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Propranolol</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: ASDS endpoint score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.36 lower (1.11 lower to 0.39 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: CAPS endpoint score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.16 lower (0.63 lower to 0.31 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 2-month follow-up (follow-up mean 2 months; measured with: CAPS endpoint score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.08 higher (0.53 lower to 0.7 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnosis of PTSD at endpoint (follow-up mean 1 months; assessed with: CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/40</p>
|
|
<p>(37.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/41</p>
|
|
<p>(36.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.06 (0.61 to 1.83)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 more per 1000 (from 143 fewer to 304 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnosis of PTSD at 2–3 month follow-up (follow-up 2–3 months; assessed with: CAPS/CIDI)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23/57</p>
|
|
<p>(40.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/61</p>
|
|
<p>(34.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.18 (0.74 to 1.89)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 more per 1000 (from 90 fewer to 306 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events) (follow-up mean 1 months; assessed with: Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>12/57</p>
|
|
<p>(21.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>6/61</p>
|
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<p>(9.8%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.3 (0.94 to 5.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">128 more per 1000 (from 6 fewer to 458 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab6_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">ASD, Acute Stress Disorder; CI, Confidence interval; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, Standard mean difference.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab6_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab7"><div id="ch6.appf.tab7" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Propranolol versus gabapentin for the early prevention (<1 month) of PTSD in adults</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD/ASD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 1 months; measured with: ASDS endpoint score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.48 lower (1.25 lower to 0.29 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnosis of PTSD at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 3 months; assessed with: CIDI)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/17</p>
|
|
<p>(47.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>6/14</p>
|
|
<p>(42.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.1 (0.5 to 2.41)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 more per 1000 (from 214 fewer to 604 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events) - Non-significant PTSD symptoms at endpoint (follow-up mean 1 months; assessed with: Number of participants lost to followup for any reason)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>4/17</p>
|
|
<p>(23.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>0/14</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 7.5 (0.44 to 128.4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab7_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">ASD, Acute Stress Disorder; CI-confidence interval; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, Standard mean difference.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab8"><div id="ch6.appf.tab8" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Prazosin</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: PCL change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.94 lower (1.72 to 0.15 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 4-month follow-up (follow-up mean 4 months; measured with: PCL change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.12 lower (2.02 to 0.23 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms at endpoint (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: BAI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.32 lower (1.08 lower to 0.45 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms at 4-month follow-up (follow-up mean 4 months; measured with: BAI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.76 lower (1.61 lower to 0.1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at endpoint (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: BDI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.54 lower (1.3 lower to 0.22 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at 4-month follow-up (follow-up mean 4 months; measured with: BDI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.96 lower (1.83 to 0.09 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment at endpoint (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.23 lower (0.98 lower to 0.52 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment at 4-month follow-up (follow-up mean 4 months; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.52 lower (1.38 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleeping difficulties at endpoint (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: PSQI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.01 lower (1.82 to 0.2 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleeping difficulties at 4-month follow-up (follow-up mean 4 months; measured with: PSQI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.15 lower (2.04 to 0.25 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (including adverse events) (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of participants lost to follow-up for any reason)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/18</p>
|
|
<p>(27.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/16</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.11 (0.36 to 3.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 more per 1000 (from 160 fewer to 610 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of participants who dropped out due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>1/18</p>
|
|
<p>(5.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>2/16</p>
|
|
<p>(12.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.44 (0.04 to 4.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70 fewer per 1000 (from 120 fewer to 431 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab8_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI-confidence interval; PCL, Self-report measure that assesses the 2o DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, Standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab8_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab9"><div id="ch6.appf.tab9" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SSRIs</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up 10–12 weeks; measured with: DTS/IES-R change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2091</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1502</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.26 lower (0.39 to 0.14 lower)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up 8–12 weeks; measured with: CAPS/SI–PTSD change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2008</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1467</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.28 lower (0.4 to 0.16 lower)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission clinician-rated (follow-up 8–12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious4</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>262/880</p>
|
|
<p>(29.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>124/647</p>
|
|
<p>(19.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.31 (1.07 to 1.59)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59 more per 1000 (from 13 more to 113 more)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission self-rated (assessed with: Number of people scoring <18 on DTS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>47/190</p>
|
|
<p>(24.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29/194</p>
|
|
<p>(14.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.65 (1.09 to 2.51)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97 more per 1000 (from 13 more to 226 more)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up 10–12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS or IES-R/≥50% improvement on TOP-8 and/or CGI-I much or very much improved)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>703/1250</p>
|
|
<p>(56.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>371/905</p>
|
|
<p>(41%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.35 (1.2 to 1.52)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143 more per 1000 (from 82 more to 213 more)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up 10–12 weeks; measured with: HAM-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">709</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">351</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.15 lower (0.37 lower to 0.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up 8–12 weeks; measured with: HAM-D/MADRS/BDI/BDI-II change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1853</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1282</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.24 lower (0.37 to 0.11 lower)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dissociative symptoms (follow-up mean 10 weeks; measured with: DES change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.86 lower (1.62 to 0.1 lower)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">840</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">666</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.33 lower (0.49 to 0.17 lower)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global functioning (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: GAF change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.32 higher (0.11 to 0.53 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: Q-LES-Q-SF change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">266</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">269</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.59 higher (0.16 to 1.03 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleeping difficulties (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: PSQI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">182</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">186</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.04 higher (0.25 lower to 0.32 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Relationship difficulties (follow-up mean 10 weeks; measured with: IIP change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.73 lower (1.48 lower to 0.02 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up 8–12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>582/2015</p>
|
|
<p>(28.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>467/1554</p>
|
|
<p>(30.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.01 (0.92 to 1.12)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 more per 1000 (from 24 fewer to 36 more)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up 10–12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>171/1821</p>
|
|
<p>(9.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>84/1253</p>
|
|
<p>(6.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.42 (1.1 to 1.82)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 more per 1000 (from 7 more to 55 more)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab9_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; DES, Dissociative Experiences Scale; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; IIP, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Q-LES-Q-SF, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SI-PTSD, Structured Interview for PTSD; SMD, standard mean difference; SSRIs, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; TOP-8, Treatment Outcome PTSD scale</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_3"><p class="no_margin">Unclear blinding of outcome assessor(s) and unclear risk of attrition bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_4"><p class="no_margin">Unclear blinding of outcome assessor(s)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_6"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab9_7"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab10"><div id="ch6.appf.tab10" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sertraline (+ nontraumafocused cognitive therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (+ nontraumafocused cognitive therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.6 lower (1.17 to 0.02 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.82 lower (1.41 to 0.23 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 12-month follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.83 lower (1.46 to 0.21 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response at endpoint (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing improvement of at least 15 points on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>25/32</p>
|
|
<p>(78.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18/37</p>
|
|
<p>(48.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.61 (1.1 to 2.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">297 more per 1000 (from 49 more to 652 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing improvement of at least 15 points on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26/32</p>
|
|
<p>(81.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24/37</p>
|
|
<p>(64.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.25 (0.94 to 1.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">162 more per 1000 (from 39 fewer to 435 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response at 12-month follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing improvement of at least 15 points on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30/32</p>
|
|
<p>(93.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24/37</p>
|
|
<p>(64.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.45 (1.12 to 1.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">292 more per 1000 (from 78 more to 558 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol use: Number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days at endpoint (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: TLFB HDD (≥5 drinks/day for men and ≥4 drinks/day for women) change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.22 higher (0.36 lower to 0.79 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol use: Number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: TLFB HDD (≥5 drinks/day for men and ≥4 drinks/day for women) change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.08 lower (0.64 lower to 0.47 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol use: Number of heavy drinking days in the past 7 days at 12-month follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: TLFB HDD (≥5 drinks/day for men and ≥4 drinks/day for women) change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.09 lower (0.7 lower to 0.52 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol use: Drinks per drinking day at endpoint (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: TLFB DDD change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.27 higher (0.31 lower to 0.85 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol use: Drinks per drinking day at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: TLFB DDD change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.25 lower (0.81 lower to 0.31 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol use: Drinks per drinking day at 12-month follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: TLFB DDD change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.06 lower (0.67 lower to 0.55 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol use: Abstinence at endpoint (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of participants abstinent from alcohol (in the prior 7 days; TLFB))</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/22</p>
|
|
<p>(45.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/25</p>
|
|
<p>(60%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.76 (0.43 to 1.32)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">144 fewer per 1000 (from 342 fewer to 192 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol use: Abstinence at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; assessed with: Number of participants abstinent from alcohol (in the prior 7 days; TLFB))</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/22</p>
|
|
<p>(54.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/28</p>
|
|
<p>(46.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.17 (0.68 to 2.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79 more per 1000 (from 149 fewer to 483 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol use: Abstinence at 12-month follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; assessed with: Number of participants abstinent from alcohol (in the prior 7 days; TLFB))</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/20</p>
|
|
<p>(40%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/21</p>
|
|
<p>(57.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.7 (0.36 to 1.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">171 fewer per 1000 (from 366 fewer to 194 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/32</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/37</p>
|
|
<p>(32.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.77 (0.36 to 1.65)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 fewer per 1000 (from 208 fewer to 211 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/32</p>
|
|
<p>(3.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/37</p>
|
|
<p>(5.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.58 (0.05 to 6.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 fewer per 1000 (from 51 fewer to 275 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab10_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference; TLFB-DDD/HDD, alcohol timeline feedback-drinks per drinking days/heavy drinking days</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab10_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab11"><div id="ch6.appf.tab11" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SSRI</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mirtazapine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up 6–8 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.29 higher (0.34 lower to 0.93 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up 6–8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>51/75</p>
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<p>(68%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>59/78</p>
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<p>(75.6%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.97 (0.64 to 1.47)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 fewer per 1000 (from 272 fewer to 356 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up 6–8 weeks; measured with: HAM-D/BDI-II change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.15 higher (0.32 lower to 0.63 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up 6–8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/75</p>
|
|
<p>(10.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/78</p>
|
|
<p>(16.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.64 (0.25 to 1.62)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60 fewer per 1000 (from 125 fewer to 103 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up 6–8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/75</p>
|
|
<p>(1.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/78</p>
|
|
<p>(3.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.44 (0.07 to 2.88)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 fewer per 1000 (from 36 fewer to 72 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab11_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CI, confidence interval; CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab11_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab12"><div id="ch6.appf.tab12" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sertraline</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nefazodone</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: DTS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.46 higher (0.32 lower to 1.24 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up 12–22 weeks; measured with: CAPS/TOP-8 change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.7 lower (1.47 lower to 0.07 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: HAM-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.4 higher (0.37 lower to 1.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: MADRS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.28 higher (0.49 lower to 1.05 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.09 higher (0.68 lower to 0.86 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleeping difficulties (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: PSQI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.06 lower (0.83 lower to 0.71 higher)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up 12–22 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/49</p>
|
|
<p>(12.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/48</p>
|
|
<p>(22.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.39 (0.02 to 7.14)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">140 fewer per 1000 (from 225 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/19</p>
|
|
<p>(10.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/18</p>
|
|
<p>(11.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.95 (0.15 to 6.03)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 fewer per 1000 (from 94 fewer to 559 more)</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab12_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; RR, risk ration; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; TOP-8, Treatment Outcome PTSD scale; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab12_4"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab12_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab13"><div id="ch6.appf.tab13" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluoxetine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moclobemide</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.13 lower (0.59 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29/38</p>
|
|
<p>(76.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/35</p>
|
|
<p>(62.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.21 (0.89 to 1.66)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132 more per 1000 (from 69 fewer to 415 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/38</p>
|
|
<p>(18.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/35</p>
|
|
<p>(14.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.29 (0.45 to 3.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 more per 1000 (from 79 fewer to 384 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/38</p>
|
|
<p>(10.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/35</p>
|
|
<p>(2.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.68 (0.43 to 31.4)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77 more per 1000 (from 16 fewer to 869 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Open-label</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab13_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab14"><div id="ch6.appf.tab14" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluoxetine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tianeptine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.03 higher (0.45 lower to 0.51 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29/38</p>
|
|
<p>(76.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23/30</p>
|
|
<p>(76.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.76 to 1.3)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 184 fewer to 230 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/38</p>
|
|
<p>(18.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/30</p>
|
|
<p>(20%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.92 (0.35 to 2.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 fewer per 1000 (from 130 fewer to 290 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/38</p>
|
|
<p>(10.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/30</p>
|
|
<p>(6.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.58 (0.31 to 8.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 more per 1000 (from 46 fewer to 470 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab14_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">Open-label</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab15"><div id="ch6.appf.tab15" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fluvoxamine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reboxetine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.57 lower (1.34 lower to 0.21 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: HAM-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0 higher (0.76 lower to 0.76 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.24 lower (1 lower to 0.52 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/20</p>
|
|
<p>(15%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/20</p>
|
|
<p>(45%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.33 (0.11 to 1.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">301 fewer per 1000 (from 400 fewer to 22 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab15_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician-administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference;</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab15_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab15_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab16"><div id="ch6.appf.tab16" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sertraline</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Venlafaxine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: DTS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.25 higher (0.04 to 0.46 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.15 higher (0.06 lower to 0.35 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>42/173</p>
|
|
<p>(24.3%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>54/179</p>
|
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<p>(30.2%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.8 (0.57 to 1.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60 fewer per 1000 (from 130 fewer to 42 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.19 higher (0.02 lower to 0.4 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.09 higher (0.12 lower to 0.3 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global functioning (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: GAF change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.08 lower (0.29 lower to 0.13 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: Q-LES-Q-SF change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">173</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.06 lower (0.27 lower to 0.15 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>62/173</p>
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|
<p>(35.8%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>54/179</p>
|
|
<p>(30.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.19 (0.88 to 1.6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57 more per 1000 (from 36 fewer to 181 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>22/173</p>
|
|
<p>(12.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>17/179</p>
|
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<p>(9.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.34 (0.74 to 2.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 more per 1000 (from 25 fewer to 136 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab16_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; Q-LES-Q-SF, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab16_3"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab16_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab16_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab17"><div id="ch6.appf.tab17" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sertraline (+ traumafocused CBT)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Venlafaxine (+ traumafocused CBT)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 30 weeks; measured with: HTQ change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.15 lower (0.43 lower to 0.13 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up mean 30 weeks; measured with: HAM-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.08 higher (0.2 lower to 0.36 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 30 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.02 lower (0.3 lower to 0.27 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment (follow-up mean 30 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.39 lower (0.68 to 0.11 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up mean 30 weeks; measured with: WHO-5 change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.29 higher (0.01 to 0.58 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 30 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/109</p>
|
|
<p>(19.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30/98</p>
|
|
<p>(30.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.63 (0.39 to 1.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113 fewer per 1000 (from 187 fewer to 6 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab17_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; HTQ, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">Open-label</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab17_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab18"><div id="ch6.appf.tab18" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paroxetine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amitriptyline</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.66 higher (0.03 to 1.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS < CGI-I much or very much improved)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/25</p>
|
|
<p>(28%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>11/25</p>
|
|
<p>(44%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.64 (0.3 to 1.37)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">158 fewer per 1000 (from 308 fewer to 163 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: BAI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.61 higher (0.01 lower to 1.23 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: BDI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.04 lower (0.65 lower to 0.56 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/25</p>
|
|
<p>(12%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/25</p>
|
|
<p>(20%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.6 (0.16 to 2.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80 fewer per 1000 (from 168 fewer to 250 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/25</p>
|
|
<p>(12%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/25</p>
|
|
<p>(20%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.6 (0.16 to 2.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80 fewer per 1000 (from 168 fewer to 250 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab18_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CAPS, clinician-administered PTSD scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin">Open-label (no blinding)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab18_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab18_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab18_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab19"><div id="ch6.appf.tab19" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SSRIs</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Relapse (follow-up 24–28 weeks; assessed with: Number of participants who relapsed)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>38/156</p>
|
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<p>(24.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>64/166</p>
|
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<p>(38.6%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.51 (0.25 to 1.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">189 fewer per 1000 (from 289 fewer to 23 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up 24–28 weeks; measured with: DTS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">103</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">108</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.24 lower (0.87 lower to 0.39 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 24 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.19 higher (0.15 lower to 0.54 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 28 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 3.19 lower (3.85 to 2.54 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up mean 28 weeks; measured with: Q-LES-Q-SF change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 3.47 higher (2.78 to 4.16 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up 24–28 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>40/156</p>
|
|
<p>(25.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>69/166</p>
|
|
<p>(41.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.61 (0.42 to 0.89)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">162 fewer per 1000 (from 46 fewer to 241 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up 26–28 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>5/68</p>
|
|
<p>(7.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>3/78</p>
|
|
<p>(3.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.81 (0.49 to 6.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 219 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab19_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; Q-LES-Q-SF, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_2"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_4"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_5"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2=>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_7"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_8"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab19_9"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab20"><div id="ch6.appf.tab20" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SSRI + traumafocused CBT</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Traumafocused CBT (+/− placebo)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (follow-up 12–26 weeks; measured with: HTQ/PDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.1 lower (0.39 lower to 0.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: PDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.21 lower (0.65 lower to 0.23 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up 10–12 weeks; measured with: CAPS/SI–PTSD change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.6 lower (1.39 lower to 0.19 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission (follow-up 10–12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD/scoring ≤20 on CAPS < CGI-I score=1)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28/76</p>
|
|
<p>(36.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>75/132</p>
|
|
<p>(56.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.07 (0.24 to 4.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 more per 1000 (from 432 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 10 weeks; assessed with: Number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/19</p>
|
|
<p>(63.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/18</p>
|
|
<p>(38.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.62 (0.83 to 3.18)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">241 more per 1000 (from 66 fewer to 848 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms at endpoint (follow-up 12–26 weeks; measured with: HAM-A/STAI State change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.23 lower (0.52 lower to 0.06 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: STAI State change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.08 lower (0.52 lower to 0.35 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at endpoint (follow-up 10–26 weeks; measured with: HAM-D/BDI-II change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">155</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.61 lower (0.88 to 0.34 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: BDI-II change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.74 lower (1.19 to 0.3 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.39 lower (0.77 to 0.01 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: WHO-5 change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.13 higher (0.24 lower to 0.51 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up 10–26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>47/147</p>
|
|
<p>(32%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>40/202</p>
|
|
<p>(19.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.55 (0.79 to 3.02)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">109 more per 1000 (from 42 fewer to 400 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up 10–26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/90</p>
|
|
<p>(1.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/88</p>
|
|
<p>(2.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.49 (0.05 to 5.31)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 fewer per 1000 (from 22 fewer to 98 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab20_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; CGI, Clinical Global Impression scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; HTQ, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire; PDS, Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SI-PTSD, Structured Interview for PTSD; SMD, standard mean difference; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; STAI, StateTrait Anxiety Inventory</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab20_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab20_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab20_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab20_4"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab20_5"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab20_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for both clinical benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab21"><div id="ch6.appf.tab21" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab21/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab21_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TCAs</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: IES change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.64 lower (1.11 to 0.16 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: SI–PTSD change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.35 lower (1.04 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing ≥50% improvement on SI–PTSD/rated as ‘much or very much improved’ on CGI-I)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/48</p>
|
|
<p>(43.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/39</p>
|
|
<p>(20.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.13 (1.08 to 4.19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">232 more per 1000 (from 16 more to 654 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: HAM-A/CAS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.43 lower (0.9 lower to 0.03 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.62 lower (1.18 to 0.07 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/48</p>
|
|
<p>(41.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/39</p>
|
|
<p>(43.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.89 (0.56 to 1.42)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 fewer per 1000 (from 192 fewer to 183 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/23</p>
|
|
<p>(17.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/18</p>
|
|
<p>(16.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.04 (0.27 to 4.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 more per 1000 (from 122 fewer to 513 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab21_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAS, Clinical Anxiety Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; IES, Impact of Event Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SI-PTSD, Structured Interview for PTSD; SMD, standard mean difference; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab21_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab21_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab21_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab21_4"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab21_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab22"><div id="ch6.appf.tab22" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab22/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab22_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Venlafaxine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: DTS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.52 lower (0.73 to 0.31 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up 12–26 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">340</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">347</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.44 lower (0.59 to 0.29 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission (follow-up 12–26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>136/340</p>
|
|
<p>(40%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>98/347</p>
|
|
<p>(28.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.41 (1.15 to 1.74)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">116 more per 1000 (from 42 more to 209 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up 12–26 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">340</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">347</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.49 lower (0.64 to 0.33 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment (follow-up 12–26 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">340</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">347</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.42 lower (0.57 to 0.27 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global functioning (follow-up 12–26 weeks; measured with: GAF change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">340</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">347</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.4 higher (0.24 to 0.55 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up 12–26 weeks; measured with: Q-LES-Q-SF change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">340</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">347</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.46 higher (0.3 to 0.61 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up 12–26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>103/340</p>
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<p>(30.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>121/347</p>
|
|
<p>(34.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.87 (0.7 to 1.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 fewer per 1000 (from 105 fewer to 28 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up 12–26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>32/340</p>
|
|
<p>(9.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>28/347</p>
|
|
<p>(8.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.19 (0.62 to 2.26)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 more per 1000 (from 31 fewer to 102 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab22_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; Q-LES-Q-SF, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab22_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab22_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab22_3"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab22_4"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab22_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab22_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab23"><div id="ch6.appf.tab23" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab23/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab23_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MAOIs</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: IES change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.15 lower (1.85 to 0.45 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 14 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.58 lower (1.18 lower to 0.02 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission (follow-up mean 14 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/35</p>
|
|
<p>(34.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/31</p>
|
|
<p>(19.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.77 (0.76 to 4.15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">149 more per 1000 (from 46 fewer to 610 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/19</p>
|
|
<p>(68.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/18</p>
|
|
<p>(27.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.46 (1.1 to 5.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">406 more per 1000 (from 28 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: CAS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.53 lower (1.19 lower to 0.12 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.29 lower (0.94 lower to 0.36 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up 8–14 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/54</p>
|
|
<p>(31.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20/49</p>
|
|
<p>(40.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.69 (0.16 to 3.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127 fewer per 1000 (from 343 fewer to 845 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/19</p>
|
|
<p>(5.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/18</p>
|
|
<p>(16.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.32 (0.04 to 2.76)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">113 fewer per 1000 (from 160 fewer to 293 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab23_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CAS, Clinical Anxiety Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; IES, Impact of Event Scale; MAOIs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab23_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab23_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab23_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab23_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab23_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab23_6"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab24"><div id="ch6.appf.tab24" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab24/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab24_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Phenelzine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imipramine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: IES change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.4 lower (1.02 lower to 0.21 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>13/19</p>
|
|
<p>(68.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>15/23</p>
|
|
<p>(65.2%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.05 (0.68 to 1.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 more per 1000 (from 209 fewer to 398 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: CAS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0 higher (0.61 lower to 0.61 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.09 higher (0.52 lower to 0.7 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/19</p>
|
|
<p>(21.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/23</p>
|
|
<p>(52.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.4 (0.16 to 1.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">313 fewer per 1000 (from 438 fewer to 26 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/19</p>
|
|
<p>(5.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/23</p>
|
|
<p>(17.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.3 (0.04 to 2.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">122 fewer per 1000 (from 167 fewer to 257 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab24_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAS, Clinical Anxiety Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; IES, Impact of Event Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab24_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab24_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab24_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab25"><div id="ch6.appf.tab25" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab25/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab25_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nefazodone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: PCL change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.2 lower (0.84 lower to 0.43 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.23 lower (0.86 lower to 0.41 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>9/27</p>
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|
<p>(33.3%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>5/15</p>
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<p>(33.3%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.41 to 2.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 197 fewer to 480 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.27 lower (0.91 lower to 0.37 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dissociative symptoms (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: CADSS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.07 lower (0.71 lower to 0.57 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/27</p>
|
|
<p>(48.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/15</p>
|
|
<p>(40%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.2 (0.58 to 2.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80 more per 1000 (from 168 fewer to 604 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/27</p>
|
|
<p>(18.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/15</p>
|
|
<p>(6.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.78 (0.36 to 21.62)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">119 more per 1000 (from 43 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab25_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CADSS, Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; PCL, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, relative risk; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab25_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab25_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab25_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab25_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab26"><div id="ch6.appf.tab26" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab26/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab26_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bupropion (+ TAU)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (+ TAU)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: DTS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.1 lower (0.88 lower to 0.67 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: BDI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.05 higher (0.72 lower to 0.83 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab26_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; TAU, treatment as usual; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab26_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and threshold for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab26_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab27"><div id="ch6.appf.tab27" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab27/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab27_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moclobemide</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tianeptine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.1 higher (0.39 lower to 0.59 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>22/35</p>
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<p>(62.9%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>23/30</p>
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<p>(76.7%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.82 (0.59 to 1.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">138 fewer per 1000 (from 314 fewer to 100 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>5/35</p>
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<p>(14.3%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>6/30</p>
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<p>(20%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.71 (0.24 to 2.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58 fewer per 1000 (from 152 fewer to 222 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1/35</p>
|
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<p>(2.9%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>2/30</p>
|
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<p>(6.7%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.43 (0.04 to 4.5)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 fewer per 1000 (from 64 fewer to 233 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab27_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab27_1"><p class="no_margin">Open-label</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab27_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab27_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab28"><div id="ch6.appf.tab28" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab28/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab28_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topiramate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: DTS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.6 lower (1.26 lower to 0.05 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.25 lower (2.61 lower to 0.11 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing ≥30% improvement on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>14/17</p>
|
|
<p>(82.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/18</p>
|
|
<p>(50%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.65 (0.99 to 2.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">325 more per 1000 (from 5 fewer to 875 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: HAM-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.31 lower (0.95 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: HAM-D/BDI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.44 lower (0.92 lower to 0.04 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.08 higher (0.56 lower to 0.72 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/71</p>
|
|
<p>(14.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/71</p>
|
|
<p>(16.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.85 (0.39 to 1.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 fewer per 1000 (from 103 fewer to 145 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>7/71</p>
|
|
<p>(9.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>5/71</p>
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<p>(7%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.33 (0.47 to 3.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 more per 1000 (from 37 fewer to 196 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab28_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab28_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab28_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab28_3"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab28_4"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab28_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab29"><div id="ch6.appf.tab29" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab29/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab29_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Divalproex</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.08 higher (0.35 lower to 0.51 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: HAM-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.28 lower (0.72 lower to 0.15 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: MADRS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.09 lower (0.52 lower to 0.35 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/44</p>
|
|
<p>(22.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/41</p>
|
|
<p>(17.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.33 (0.56 to 3.17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 more per 1000 (from 75 fewer to 370 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/44</p>
|
|
<p>(6.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/41</p>
|
|
<p>(2.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.8 (0.3 to 25.81)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 more per 1000 (from 17 fewer to 605 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab29_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab29_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab29_2"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab29_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab29_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab30"><div id="ch6.appf.tab30" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab30/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab30_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tiagabine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.02 lower (0.3 lower to 0.26 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>51/116</p>
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<p>(44%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>52/116</p>
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<p>(44.8%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.98 (0.74 to 1.31)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 fewer per 1000 (from 117 fewer to 139 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>17/116</p>
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<p>(14.7%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>14/116</p>
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<p>(12.1%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.21 (0.63 to 2.35)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 more per 1000 (from 45 fewer to 163 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: MADRS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.01 higher (0.27 lower to 0.29 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">97</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.05 higher (0.22 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>39/116</p>
|
|
<p>(33.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52/116</p>
|
|
<p>(44.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.75 (0.54 to 1.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112 fewer per 1000 (from 206 fewer to 18 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/116</p>
|
|
<p>(7.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/116</p>
|
|
<p>(7.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.41 to 2.43)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 46 fewer to 111 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab30_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab30_1"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab30_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab30_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab30_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab30_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab31"><div id="ch6.appf.tab31" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab31/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab31_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pregabalin (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (augmentation of routine medicatio ns)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 6 weeks; measured with: PCL change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.71 lower (1.38 to 0.04 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up mean 6 weeks; measured with: HAM-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.39 lower (1.04 lower to 0.26 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 6 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.1 lower (0.74 lower to 0.55 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up mean 6 weeks; measured with: Spitzer Quality of Life Index change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.21 lower (0.86 lower to 0.44 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 6 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/18</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/19</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not pooled</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not pooled</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 6 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/18</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/19</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not pooled</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not pooled</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab31_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; PCL, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standardised mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab31_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab31_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab31_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab31_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab31_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab32"><div id="ch6.appf.tab32" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab32/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab32_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antipsychotic monotherapy</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up 8–12 weeks; measured with: DTS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.84 lower (1.23 to 0.44 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up 8–24 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">176</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.75 lower (1.38 to 0.11 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people scoring <50 on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>10/14</p>
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<p>(71.4%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>3/14</p>
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<p>(21.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.33 (1.16 to 9.59)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">499 more per 1000 (from 34 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing >50% improvement on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/14</p>
|
|
<p>(71.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/14</p>
|
|
<p>(21.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.33 (1.16 to 9.59)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">499 more per 1000 (from 34 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up 12–24 weeks; measured with: HAM-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">165</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">162</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.54 lower (1.11 lower to 0.04 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up 8–24 weeks; measured with: MADRS/HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">179</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">176</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.75 lower (1.19 to 0.31 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Functional impairment (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: SDS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.81 lower (1.59 to 0.04 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up mean 24 weeks; measured with: BLSI change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">124</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.14 higher (0.11 lower to 0.39 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleeping difficulties (follow-up 12–24 weeks; measured with: PSQI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">165</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">162</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.3 lower (0.52 to 0.08 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up 12–24 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>35/189</p>
|
|
<p>(18.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>43/187</p>
|
|
<p>(23%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.76 (0.46 to 1.24)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 fewer per 1000 (from 124 fewer to 55 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up 12–24 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>10/189</p>
|
|
<p>(5.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>4/187</p>
|
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<p>(2.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.31 (0.75 to 7.1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 more per 1000 (from 5 fewer to 130 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab32_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BLSI, Boston Life Satisfaction Inventory; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; PSQI, Sleep Quality Assessment; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab32_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab32_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab32_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab32_4"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab32_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab32_6"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2=50–80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab32_7"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab32_8"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab33"><div id="ch6.appf.tab33" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab33/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab33_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antipsychotic (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up 9–16 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.51 lower (0.98 to 0.04 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up 9–16 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing ≥20/50% improvement on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/48</p>
|
|
<p>(25%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/47</p>
|
|
<p>(8.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.66 (0.28 to 24.82)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141 more per 1000 (from 61 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms (follow-up 9–16 weeks; measured with: HAM-A change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.66 lower (1.17 to 0.16 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up 9–16 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.35 lower (0.84 lower to 0.14 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 16 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/33</p>
|
|
<p>(33.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/32</p>
|
|
<p>(18.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.78 (0.75 to 4.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">146 more per 1000 (from 47 fewer to 606 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up 9–16 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/48</p>
|
|
<p>(12.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/47</p>
|
|
<p>(12.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.96 (0.34 to 2.72)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 fewer per 1000 (from 84 fewer to 220 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab33_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab33_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias is high or unclear across multiple domains</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab33_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab33_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab33_4"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab33_5"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab33_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab34"><div id="ch6.appf.tab34" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab34/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab34_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (+ virtual reality exposure therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-report at endpoint (follow-up mean 6 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.11 higher (0.28 lower to 0.49 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-report at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.35 higher (0.04 lower to 0.74 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-report at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.49 higher (0.09 to 0.88 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-report at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.19 higher (0.19 lower to 0.58 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (follow-up mean 6 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.02 higher (0.37 lower to 0.41 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.54 higher (0.15 to 0.94 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.57 higher (0.18 to 0.97 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.2 higher (0.19 lower to 0.59 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at endpoint (follow-up mean 6 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/50</p>
|
|
<p>(18%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/53</p>
|
|
<p>(17%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.06 (0.46 to 2.45)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 more per 1000 (from 92 fewer to 246 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/50</p>
|
|
<p>(10%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/53</p>
|
|
<p>(22.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.44 (0.17 to 1.16)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">127 fewer per 1000 (from 188 fewer to 36 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/50</p>
|
|
<p>(12%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/53</p>
|
|
<p>(24.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.49 (0.2 to 1.19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">125 fewer per 1000 (from 196 fewer to 47 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/50</p>
|
|
<p>(16%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/53</p>
|
|
<p>(17%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.94 (0.39 to 2.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 104 fewer to 212 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 6 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/50</p>
|
|
<p>(30%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/53</p>
|
|
<p>(35.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.84 (0.48 to 1.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57 fewer per 1000 (from 186 fewer to 165 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab34_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PSS-SR, PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab34_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab34_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab34_3"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab34_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab35"><div id="ch6.appf.tab35" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab35/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab35_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alprazolam (+ virtual reality exposure therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dcycloserine (+ virtual reality exposure therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-report at endpoint (follow-up mean 6 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.08 lower (0.47 lower to 0.31 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-report at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.11 higher (0.28 lower to 0.5 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-report at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.21 higher (0.17 lower to 0.6 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-report at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.16 higher (0.22 lower to 0.55 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (follow-up mean 6 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.07 higher (0.32 lower to 0.45 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.23 higher (0.16 lower to 0.62 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.27 higher (0.12 lower to 0.66 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.39 higher (0 to 0.78 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at endpoint (follow-up mean 6 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/50</p>
|
|
<p>(18%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/53</p>
|
|
<p>(11.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.59 (0.61 to 4.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67 more per 1000 (from 44 fewer to 355 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5/50</p>
|
|
<p>(10%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/53</p>
|
|
<p>(13.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.76 (0.26 to 2.23)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 fewer per 1000 (from 98 fewer to 162 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/50</p>
|
|
<p>(12%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/53</p>
|
|
<p>(13.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.91 (0.33 to 2.52)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 fewer per 1000 (from 88 fewer to 201 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/50</p>
|
|
<p>(16%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/53</p>
|
|
<p>(17%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.94 (0.39 to 2.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 104 fewer to 212 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 6 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/50</p>
|
|
<p>(30%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>25/53</p>
|
|
<p>(47.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.64 (0.38 to 1.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">170 fewer per 1000 (from 292 fewer to 28 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab35_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PSS-SR, Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Self-Report; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab35_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab35_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important effect</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab35_3"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab35_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab36"><div id="ch6.appf.tab36" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab36/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab36_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prazosin (+/− TAU)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (+/− TAU)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: PCL change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.11 higher (0.13 lower to 0.34 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up 8–26 weeks; measured with: CAPS/MINI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">241</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">239</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.81 lower (1.71 lower to 0.1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response (follow-up mean 16 weeks; assessed with: Number of people rated as ‘much’ or ‘very much’ improved on CGI-I)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/17</p>
|
|
<p>(70.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/17</p>
|
|
<p>(11.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 6 (1.58 to 22.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">588 more per 1000 (from 68 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up 16–26 weeks; measured with: HAM-D/PHQ-9 change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">158</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">160</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.4 lower (1.56 lower to 0.76 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol use (follow-up mean 12 weeks; assessed with: TLFB: Number of participants abstinent from alcohol during the trial)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23/50</p>
|
|
<p>(46%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/46</p>
|
|
<p>(34.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.32 (0.8 to 2.17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">111 more per 1000 (from 70 fewer to 407 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alcohol craving/consumption (follow-up 12–26 weeks; measured with: OCDS/AUDIT-C change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">191</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">189</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 2.4 higher (2.33 lower to 7.13 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleeping difficulties (follow-up 8–26 weeks; measured with: PSQI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">241</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">239</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.48 lower (2.06 lower to 1.09 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: QOLI change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">141</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">143</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0 higher (0.23 lower to 0.23 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up 8–26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>42/257</p>
|
|
<p>(16.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46/251</p>
|
|
<p>(18.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.85 (0.49 to 1.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 fewer per 1000 (from 93 fewer to 88 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up 8–26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/257</p>
|
|
<p>(5.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/251</p>
|
|
<p>(3.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.47 (0.62 to 3.51)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 more per 1000 (from 12 fewer to 80 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab36_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression scale-Global Improvement; CI, confidence interval; HAM-A/D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Anxiety/Depression; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; OCDS, Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale; PCL, PTSD checklist; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference; TAU, treatment as usual; TLFB, Timeline Follow back Method</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab36_1"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab36_2"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab36_3"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab36_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab36_5"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab36_6"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab37"><div id="ch6.appf.tab37" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab37/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab37_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prazosin</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hydroxyzine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: MINI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.3 lower (0.78 lower to 0.18 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleeping difficulties (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: PSQI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.26 lower (1.79 to 0.74 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2/35</p>
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<p>(5.7%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>0/34</p>
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<p>(0%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.86 (0.24 to 97.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2/35</p>
|
|
<p>(5.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>0/34</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.86 (0.24 to 97.69)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab37_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, confidence interval; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab37_1"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab37_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab37_3"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab37_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab38"><div id="ch6.appf.tab38" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab38/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab38_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hydroxyzine</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: MINI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 2.05 lower (2.65 to 1.46 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleeping difficulties (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: PSQI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 2.01 lower (2.6 to 1.41 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/34</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/33</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not pooled</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not pooled</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/34</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/33</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not pooled</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not pooled</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab38_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, confidence interval; MINI, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab38_1"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab38_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab38_3"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab39"><div id="ch6.appf.tab39" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab39/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab39_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eszopiclone</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 3 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 1.49 lower (2.41 to 0.57 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 3 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">reporting bias<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/13</p>
|
|
<p>(7.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2/14</p>
|
|
<p>(14.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.54 (0.06 to 5.26)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66 fewer per 1000 (from 134 fewer to 609 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab39_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab39_1"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is not reported</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab39_2"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab39_3"><p class="no_margin">Funding from pharmaceutical company</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab39_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab40"><div id="ch6.appf.tab40" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab40/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab40_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Propranolol (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 0.1 weeks; measured with: IES-R change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.1 lower (0.72 lower to 0.52 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab40_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, confidence interval; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab40_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab41"><div id="ch6.appf.tab41" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab41/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab41_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rivastigmine (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 12 weeks; measured with: PCL change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.08 higher (0.72 lower to 0.88 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab41_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI, confidence interval; PCL, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab41_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab42"><div id="ch6.appf.tab42" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab42/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab42_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guanfacine (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (augmentation of routine medications)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: IES-R change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.39 higher (0.16 lower to 0.94 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.11 higher (0.43 lower to 0.66 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: HAM-D change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.27 higher (0.28 lower to 0.82 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: QOLI change score; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.32 higher (0.23 lower to 0.86 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sleeping difficulties (follow-up mean 8 weeks; measured with: Sleep Quality Index change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.14 higher (0.41 lower to 0.68 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/29</p>
|
|
<p>(20.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>4/34</p>
|
|
<p>(11.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.76 (0.55 to 5.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89 more per 1000 (from 53 fewer to 545 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 8 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/29</p>
|
|
<p>(10.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/34</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 8.17 (0.44 to 151.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab42_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale-Depression; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; QOLI, Quality of Life Inventory; RR, risk-ratio; SMD, standard mean difference</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab42_1"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab42_2"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab42_3"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab42_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses line of no effect and thresholds for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appftab43"><div id="ch6.appf.tab43" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appf.tab43/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appf.tab43_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dcycloserine (+ exposure therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Placebo (+ exposure therapy)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at endpoint (follow-up 3–10 weeks; measured with: PCL/PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.17 higher (0.45 lower to 0.78 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.17 higher (0.22 lower to 0.57 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.38 higher (0 to 0.77 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology self-rated at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: PSS-SR change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.04 higher (0.34 lower to 0.43 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at endpoint (follow-up 3–10 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.03 lower (0.64 lower to 0.58 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.18 higher (0.2 lower to 0.55 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.55 lower (2.42 lower to 1.32 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">PTSD symptomatology clinician-rated at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; measured with: CAPS change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.17 lower (0.55 lower to 0.21 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at endpoint (follow-up 6–10 weeks; assessed with: Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23/99</p>
|
|
<p>(23.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/99</p>
|
|
<p>(19.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.24 (0.52 to 2.93)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 more per 1000 (from 92 fewer to 370 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; assessed with: Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/86</p>
|
|
<p>(25.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/87</p>
|
|
<p>(21.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.15 (0.31 to 4.25)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 more per 1000 (from 151 fewer to 710 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at 6-month follow-up (follow-up mean 26 weeks; assessed with: Number of people scoring <20 on CAPS/no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/66</p>
|
|
<p>(24.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>15/65</p>
|
|
<p>(23.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.4 (0.19 to 10.39)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">92 more per 1000 (from 187 fewer to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Remission at 1-year follow-up (follow-up mean 52 weeks; assessed with: Number of people no longer meeting diagnostic criteria)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/53</p>
|
|
<p>(17%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/53</p>
|
|
<p>(17%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.43 to 2.32)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 97 fewer to 224 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response at endpoint (follow-up mean 10 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing improvement of at least 10 points on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/33</p>
|
|
<p>(63.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/34</p>
|
|
<p>(38.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.66 (1.01 to 2.74)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">252 more per 1000 (from 4 more to 665 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Response at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; assessed with: Number of people showing improvement of at least 10 points on CAPS)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23/33</p>
|
|
<p>(69.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/34</p>
|
|
<p>(50%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.39 (0.93 to 2.09)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">195 more per 1000 (from 35 fewer to 545 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms at endpoint (follow-up mean 10 weeks; measured with: STAI State change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.55 lower (1.04 to 0.07 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Anxiety symptoms at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; measured with: STAI State change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.06 lower (0.53 lower to 0.42 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at endpoint (follow-up 3–10 weeks; measured with: BDI/BDI-II change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.42 higher (0.89 lower to 1.72 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Depression symptoms at 3-month follow-up (follow-up mean 13 weeks; measured with: BDI change score; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SMD 0.02 lower (0.5 lower to 0.45 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to any reason (follow-up 3–10 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study for any reason, including adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>38/112</p>
|
|
<p>(33.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37/112</p>
|
|
<p>(33%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.02 (0.57 to 1.84)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 more per 1000 (from 142 fewer to 277 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Discontinuation due to adverse events (follow-up mean 10 weeks; assessed with: Number of people who dropped out of the study due to adverse events)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/33</p>
|
|
<p>(3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/34</p>
|
|
<p>(2.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.03 (0.07 to 15.8)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 more per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 435 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch6.appf.tab43_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; CI, confidence interval; PCL, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PSS-SR, PTSD Symptom Scale-SelfReport; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RR, risk ratio; SMD, standard mean difference; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab43_1"><p class="no_margin">Substantial heterogeneity (I2=50–80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab43_2"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab43_3"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (N<400)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab43_4"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for both clinically important benefit and harm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab43_5"><p class="no_margin">Blinding of outcome assessor(s) is unclear</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab43_6"><p class="no_margin">Considerable heterogeneity (I2>80%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab43_7"><p class="no_margin">95% CI crosses both line of no effect and threshold for clinically important benefit</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch6.appf.tab43_8"><p class="no_margin">OIS not met (events<300)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab1"><div id="ch6.appk.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fletcher 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fletcher S, Creamer M, Forbes D. Preventing post traumatic stress disorder: are drugs the answer?. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2010 Dec 1;44(12):1064–71.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marx 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00560612" title="Study NCT00560612" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00560612</a>. Secondary Prevention With Paroxetine vs. Placebo in Subthreshold Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00560612" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00560612</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00114374" title="Study NCT00114374" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00114374</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00114374" title="Study NCT00114374" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00114374</a>. SSRI Administration to Reduce Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms and Prevent Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Physical Trauma Victims in the Medical Setting. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00114374" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00114374</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shalev 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shalev AY, Ankri Y, Israeli-Shalev Y, Peleg T, Adessky R, Freedman S. Prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder by early treatment: results from the Jerusalem Trauma Outreach And Prevention study. Archives of general psychiatry. 2012 Feb 6;69(2):166–76.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shalev 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity) AND Cochrane allRQ update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shalev AY, Ankri Y, Gilad M, Israeli-Shalev Y, Adessky R, Qian M, Freedman S. Long-term outcome of early interventions to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2016 May 25;77(5):580–7.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Simon 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 1.1–1.2 & 2.1–2.2 (searches combined)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paper unavailable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Simon, N. M. (2005) <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00114374" title="Study NCT00114374" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00114374</a> SSRI Administration to Reduce Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms and Prevent Depression and PTSD in Physical Trauma Victims</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stoddard 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant for this review (to be considered for other relevant RQ)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00182078" title="Study NCT00182078" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00182078</a>. A Study of Sertraline to Prevent PTSD. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00182078" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00182078</a> [accessed 05.01.2017]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab2"><div id="ch6.appk.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01221883" title="Study NCT01221883" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01221883</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01221883" title="Study NCT01221883" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01221883</a>. Early Pharmacological Intervention With Diazepam in the Emergency Room Setting to Prevent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01221883" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01221883</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab3"><div id="ch6.appk.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amos 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amos T, Stein DJ, Ipser JC. Pharmacological interventions for preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD006239. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006239.p ub2.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Argolo 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Argolo FC, Cavalcanti-Ribeiro P, Netto LR, Quarantini LC. Prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol: A meta-analytic review. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2015 Aug 31;79(2):89–93.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Birur 2017a</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2,4.1–4.2 update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Birur B, Moore NC, Davis LL. An evidence-based review of early intervention and prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder. Community mental health journal. 2017 Feb 1;53(2):183–201.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Birur 2017b</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2,4.1–4.2 update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Birur B, Math SB, Fargason RE. A review of psychopharmacological interventions post-disaster to prevent psychiatric sequelae. Psychopharmacology bulletin. 2017 Jan 26;47(1):8.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Forneris 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Forneris CA, Gartlehner G, Brownley KA, Gaynes BN, Sonis J, Coker-Schwimmer E, Jonas DE, Greenblatt A, Wilkins TM, Woodell CL, Lohr KN. Interventions to prevent post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine. 2013 Jun 30;44(6):635–50.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hruska 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-systematic review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hruska B, Cullen PK, Delahanty DL. Pharmacological modulation of acute trauma memories to prevent PTSD: considerations from a developmental perspective. Neurobiology of learning and memory. 2014 Jul 31;112:122–9.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaplan 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 1.1–1.2 & 2.1–2.2 (searches combined)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison outside protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaplan, B. J., Rucklidge, J. J., Romijn, A. R., Dolph, M. (2015) A randomised trial of nutrient supplements to minimise psychological stress after a natural disaster, Psychiatry research, 228, 373–379</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Linares 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2,4.1–4.2 update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Linares IM, Corchs FD, Chagas MH, Zuardi AW, Martin-Santos R, Crippa JA. Early interventions for the prevention of PTSD in adults: a systematic literature review. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo). 2017 Feb;44(1):23–9.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MacLaren 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention outside protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MacLaren R, Preslaski CR, Mueller SW, Kiser TH, Fish DN, Lavelle JC, Malkoski SP. A Randomized, Double-Blind Pilot Study of Dexmedetomidine Versus Midazolam for Intensive Care Unit Sedation Patient Recall of Their Experiences and Short-Term Psychological Outcomes. Journal of intensive care medicine. 2015 Mar 1;30(3):167–75.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matsumura 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cochrane allRQ update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not targeted at PTSD symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matsumura K, Noguchi H, Nishi D, Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Matsuoka YJ. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on psychophysiological symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in accident survivors: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of affective disorders. 2017 Dec 15;224:27–31.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matsuoka 2008/2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 1.1–1.2 & 2.1–2.2 (searches combined)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention outside protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matsuoka, Y., Nishi, D., Hamazaki, K., Yonemoto, N., Matsumura, K., Noguchi, H., Hashimoto, K., Hamazaki, T. (2015) Docosahexaenoic acid for selective prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder among severely injured patients: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial, Journal of clinical psychiatry, 76, e1015–1022</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Matsuoka, Y. Tachikawa Project for Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (TPOP): TPOP-02 Study [<a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00671099" title="Study NCT00671099" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00671099</a>]. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00671099" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00671099</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McAllister 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 1.1–1.2 & 2.1–2.2 (searches combined)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">McAllister, T. W., Zafonte, R., Jain, S., Flashman, L. A., George, M. S., Grant, G. A., He, F., Lohr, J. B., Andaluz, N., Summerall, L., Paulus, M. P., Raman, R., Stein, M. B. (2016) Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Methylphenidate or Galantamine for Persistent Emotional and Cognitive Symptoms Associated with PTSD and/or Traumatic Brain Injury, Neuropsychopharmacology, 41, 1191–1198</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meng 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 1.1–1.2 & 2.1–2.2 (searches combined)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not targeted at PTSD symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meng, X. Z., Wu, F., Wei, P. K., Xiu, L. J., Shi, J., Pang, B. (2012) A Chinese herbal formula to improve general psychological status in posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized placebo-controlled trial on Sichuan earthquake survivors, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine,</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mistraletti 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention outside protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mistraletti G, Umbrello M, Sabbatini G, Miori S, Taverna M, Cerri B, Mantovani ES, Formenti P, Spanu P, D’agostino A, Salini S. Melatonin reduces the need for sedation in ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015 Dec 1;81(12):1298–310.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01707680" title="Study NCT01707680" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01707680</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-RCT (no control group)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01707680" title="Study NCT01707680" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01707680</a>. Non-interventional Comparison of Sedatives on Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation in Intensive Care Patients. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01707680" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01707680</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nishi 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 1.1–1.2 & 2.1–2.2 (searches combined)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention outside protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nishi, D., Koido, Y., Nakaya, N., Sone, T., Noguchi, H., Hamazaki, K., Hamazaki, T., Matsuoka, Y. (2012) Fish oil for attenuating post-traumatic stress symptoms among rescue workers after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A randomized controlled trial, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 81, 315–317</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pitman 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00158262" title="Study NCT00158262" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00158262</a>. Prophylaxis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder With Post-Trauma Propranolol. Available from: <a href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00158262" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00158262</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pitman 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-systematic review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pitman RK, Delahanty DL. Conceptually driven pharmacologic approaches to acute trauma. CNS spectrums. 2005 Feb 1;10(02):99–106.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roque 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roque AP. Pharmacotherapy as prophylactic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the literature. Issues in mental health nursing. 2015 Sep 2;36(9):740–51.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schelling 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (included)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schelling, G. (2001) The effect of stress doses of hydrocortisone during septic shock on posttraumatic stress disorder in survivors. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 978–985</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schelling 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schelling G, Kilger E, Roozendaal B, Dominique JF, Briegel J, Dagge A, Rothenhäusler HB, Krauseneck T, Nollert G, Kapfhammer HP. Stress doses of hydrocortisone, traumatic memories, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in patients after cardiac surgery: a randomized study. Biological Psychiatry. 2004 Mar 15;55(6):627–33.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searcy 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searcy CP, Bobadilla L, Gordon WA, Jacques S, Elliott L. Pharmacological prevention of combat-related PTSD: a literature review. Military medicine. 2012 Jun;177(6):649–54.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sijbrandij 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sijbrandij M, Kleiboer A, Bisson JI, Barbui C, Cuijpers P. Pharmacological prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2015 May 31;2(5):413–21.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Strom 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 1.1–1.2 & 2.1–2.2 (searches combined)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention outside protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Strom, T., Stylsvig, M., Toft, P. (2011) Long-term psychological effects of a no-sedation protocol in critically ill patients, Critical Care, 15, R293</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treggiari 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention outside protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Treggiari MM, Romand JA, Yanez ND, Deem SA, Goldberg J, Hudson L, Heidegger CP, Weiss NS. Randomized trial of light versus deep sedation on mental health after critical illness. Critical care medicine. 2009 Sep 1;37(9):2527–34.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Forneris CA, Gartlehner G, Brownley KA, Gaynes BN, Sonis J, Coker-Schwimmer E, Jonas DE, Greenblatt A, Wilkins TM, Woodell CL, Lohr KN. Interventions to prevent post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine. 2013 Jun 30;44(6):635–50.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vaiva 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vaiva G, Ducrocq F, Jezequel K, Averland B, Lestavel P, Brunet A, Marmar CR. Immediate treatment with propranolol decreases posttraumatic stress disorder two months after trauma. Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Nov 1;54(9):947–9. Erratum in: Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Dec 15;54(12):1471.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weis 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weis F, Kilger E, Roozendaal B, Dominique JF, Lamm P, Schmidt M, Schmölz M, Briegel J, Schelling G. Stress doses of hydrocortisone reduce chronic stress symptoms and improve health-related quality of life in high-risk patients after cardiac surgery: a randomized study. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2006 Feb 28;131(2):277–82.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zohar 2009/2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00855270" title="Study NCT00855270" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00855270</a>. The Efficacy of a Single Dose IV Hydrocortisone Given Within 6 Hours of Exposure to a Traumatic Event in PTSD Prevention. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00855270" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00855270</a> [accessed 05.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Zohar J, Yahalom H, Kozlovsky N, Cwikel-Hamzany S, Matar MA, Kaplan Z, Yehuda R, Cohen H. High dose hydrocortisone immediately after trauma may alter the trajectory of PTSD: interplay between clinical and animal studies. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 Nov 30;21(11):796–809.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab4"><div id="ch6.appk.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Back 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Back SE, Brady KT, Sonne SC, Verduin ML. Symptom improvement in co-occurring PTSD and alcohol dependence. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 2006 Sep 1;194(9):690–6.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barnett 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not targeted at PTSD symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barnett, S. D., Tharwani, H. M., Hertzberg, M. A., Sutherland, S. M., Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2002). Tolerability of fluoxetine in posttraumatic stress disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 26, 363–367.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brady 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Secondary analysis of data that has already been included</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brady, K. T. & Clary, C. M. (2003). Affective and anxiety comorbidity in post-traumatic stress disorder treatment trials of sertraline. Compr. Psychiatry, 44, 360–369.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson, J. R., Landerman, L. R., Farfel, G. M., & Clary, C. M. (2002). Characterizing the effects of sertraline in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Medicine, 32, 661–670.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson 2004b</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup/secondary analysis of RCT already included</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson J, Landerman LR, Clary CM. Improvement of anger at one week predicts the effects of sertraline and placebo in PTSD. Journal of psychiatric research. 2004 Oct 31;38(5):497–502.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson 2005b</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-systematic review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson JR, Payne VM, Connor KM, Foa EB, Rothbaum BO, Hertzberg MA, Weisler RH. Trauma, resilience and saliostasis: effects of treatment in post-traumatic stress disorder. International clinical psychopharmacology. 2005 Jan 1;20(1):43–8.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eli Lilly (unpublis hed)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (included)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Completion data <50%/Drop out >50%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eli lilly (unpublished). Brief trial report (B1Y-MC-HCJL)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hertzberg 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (included)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hertzberg, M.A.; Feldman, M.E.; Beckham, J.C.; Kudler, H.S. & Davidson, J.R.T. (2000) Lack of efficacy for fluoxetine in PTSD: A placebo controlled trial in combat veterens. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 12, 2, 101–105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hicks 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hicks PB. Predictors of Treatment Response to Fluoxetine in PTSD Following a Recent History of War Zone Stress Exposure. TEMPVA RESEARCH GROUP INC TEMPLE TX; 2013 Jul. Available from: <a href="http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA583752" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://oai<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.dtic.mil/oai<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​=html&identifier=ADA583752</a> [accessed 05.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurst 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurst, M. & Lamb, H. (2000) Fluoxetine: A review of its use in anxiety disorders and mixed anxiety and depression, CNS Drugs, 14, 51–80</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jerud 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes reported are outside the scope</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jerud AB, Pruitt LD, Zoellner LA, Feeny NC. The effects of prolonged exposure and sertraline on emotion regulation in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour research and therapy. 2016 Feb 29;77:62–7.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jun 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions not relevant to this review (to be considered for other relevant RQ)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jun JJ, Zoellner LA, Feeny NC. Sudden gains in prolonged exposure and sertraline for chronic PTSD. Depression and anxiety. 2013 Jul 1;30(7):607–13.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Labbate 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison outside scope</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Labbate LA, Sonne SC, Randal CL, Anton RF, Brady KT. Does comorbid anxiety or depression affect clinical outcomes in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders?. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2004 Aug 31;45(4):304–10.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lawford 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lawford, B.R.; Young, R; Noble, E.P. Kann, B.; Arnold, L.; Rowell, J. & Ritchie, T.L. (2003) D2 dopamine receptor gene polymorphism: paroxetine and social functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder. European Nueropsychopharmacology, 13, 313–320</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Le 2013/2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Le QA, Doctor JN, Zoellner LA, Feeny NC. Minimal clinically important differences for the EQ-5D and QWB-SA in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): results from a Doubly Randomized Preference Trial (DRPT). Health and quality of life outcomes. 2013 Apr 12;11(1):1.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Le QA, Doctor JN, Zoellner LA, Feeny NC. Cost-effectiveness of prolonged exposure therapy versus pharmacotherapy and treatment choice in posttraumatic stress disorder (the Optimizing PTSD Treatment Trial): a doubly randomized preference trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2014 Mar 15;75(3):222–30.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Londborg 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Londborg, P. D., Hegel, M. T., Goldstein, S., Goldstein, D., Himmelhoch, J. M., Maddock, R. (2001). Sertraline treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: results of 24 weeks of openlabel continuation treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 325–331.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Malik 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Secondary analysis of data that has already been included</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Malik, M. L., Connor, K. M., Sutherland, S. M., Smith, R. D., Davison, R. M., & Davidson, J. R. (1999). Quality of life and posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study assessing changes in SF-36 scores before and after treatment in a placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 387–393.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marmar 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marmar, C.R. (1996) Open trial of fluvoxamine treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Cinical Psychiatry, 57 (suppl 8), 66–72</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marshall 1998b</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marshall, R. D., Schneier, F. R., Fallon, B. A., Knight, C. B., Abbate, L. A., Goetz, D. (1998). An open trial of paroxetine in patients with noncombat-related, chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 18, 10–18.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marshall 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Completion data <50%/Drop out >50%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marshall, R., Blanco, C., Lewis-Fernandez, R., Simpson, B., Lin, S., Garcia, W. (2002) Randomsided controlled trial of paroxetine in adults with chronic PTSD, 18th Annual meeting, International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, November 7–10, Baltimore MD.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stein D., Ipser J., Seedat, S., Sager, C. & Amos, T. (2006) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marshall 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Completion data <50%/Drop out >50%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Marshall RD, Lewis-Fernandez R, Blanco C, Simpson HB, Lin SH, Vermes D, Garcia W, Schneier F, Neria Y, Sanchez-Lacay A, Liebowitz MR. A controlled trial of paroxetine for chronic PTSD, dissociation, and interpersonal problems in mostly minority adults. Depression and anxiety. 2007 Jan 1;24(2):77–84.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martenyi 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroup/secondary analysis of RCT already included</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Martenyi F, Soldatenkova V. Fluoxetine in the acute treatment and relapse prevention of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: Analysis of the veteran group of a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006 Jul 31;16(5):340–9.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meltzerbrody 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Secondary analysis of data that has already been included</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meltzer-Brody, S., Connor, K. M., Churchill, E., & Davidson, J. R. (2000). Symptom-specific effects of fluoxetine in post-traumatic stress disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15, 227–231.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00665678" title="Study NCT00665678" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00665678</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00665678" title="Study NCT00665678" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00665678</a>. Neural Correlates of Early Intervention for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00665678" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00665678</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neylan 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neylan TC, Metzler TJ, Schoenfeld FB, Weiss DS, Lenoci M, Best SR, Lipsey TL, Marmar CR. Fluvoxamine and sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2001;14(3):461–67.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schoenfeld, F., DeViva, J. and Manber, R. (2012) Treatment of sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder: a review, JRRD, 49, 729–752</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pacella 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions not relevant to this review (to be considered for other relevant RQ)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pacella ML, Feeny N, Zoellner L, Delahanty DL. The impact of PTSD treatment on the cortisol awakening response. Depression and anxiety. 2014 Oct 1;31(10):862–9.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seedat 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seedat, S., Stein, D. J., Ziervogel, C., Middleton, T., Kaminer, D., Emsley, R. A. (2002). Comparison of response to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in children, adolescents, and adults with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 12, 37–46.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Simon 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Simon NM, Connor KM, Lang AJ, Rauch S, Krulewicz S, LeBeau RT, Davidson JR, Stein MB, Otto MW, Foa EB. Paroxetine CR augmentation for posttraumatic stress disorder refractory to prolonged exposure therapy. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2008 Mar 14;69(3):400–5.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smajic 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smajkic A, Weine S, Djuric-Bijedic Z, Boskailo E, Lewis J, Pavkovic I. Sertraline, paroxetine, and venlafaxine in refugee posttraumatic stress disorder with depression symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2001;14(3):445–52.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stein D., Ipser J., Seedat, S., Sager, C. & Amos, T. (2006) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sonne 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00330239" title="Study NCT00330239" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00330239</a>. Paroxetine Treatment in Outpatients With Comorbid PTSD and Substance Dependence. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00330239" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00330239</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stein 2003a</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Secondary analysis of data that has already been included</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stein, D.J.; Davidson, J.; Seedat, S. & Beebe, K. (2003) Paroxetine in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: pooled analysis of placebo-controlled studies. Expert Opinion on Pharmactherapy, 4, 10, 1829–1838</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stein 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-systematic review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stein DJ, van der Kolk BA, Austin C, Fayyad R, Clary C. Efficacy of sertraline in posttraumatic stress disorder secondary to interpersonal trauma or childhood abuse. Annals of clinical psychiatry. 2006 Jan 1;18(4):243–9.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tucker 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tucker, P.; Smith, K.L.; Marx, B.; Jones, D.; Miranda, R. & Lensgraf, J. (2000) Fluvoxamine reduces physiologic reactivity to trauma scripts in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20, 3, 367–372</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant for this review (to be considered for other relevant RQ)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wang Y, Hu YP, Wang WC, Pang RZ, Zhang AR. Clinical studies on treatment of earthquake-caused posttraumatic stress disorder using electroacupuncture. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012 Sep 25;2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab5"><div id="ch6.appk.tab5" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bahk 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bahk, W. M., Pae, C. U., Tsoh, J., Chae, J. H., Jun, T. Y., Chul, L. (2002). Effects of mirtazapine in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder in Korea: a pilot study. Human Psychopharmacology, 17, 341–344.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connor 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connor, K.M.; Davidson, J.R.T.; Weisler, R.H. & Ahearn, E. (1999) A pilot study of mirtazapine in post-traumatic stres disorder. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 14, 29–31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson 2004c</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson J, Baldwin D, Stein D, Kuper E, Benattia I, Ahmed S, Yan B, Pedersen R, Musgnung J. Venlafaxine XR in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: A 6-month placebo-controlled study. InNEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2004 Dec 1 (Vol. 29, pp. S97-S97). MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND: NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab6"><div id="ch6.appk.tab6" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson 1993</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Secondary analysis of data that has already been included</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson, J. R., Kudler, H. S., Saunders, W. B., Erickson, L., Smith, R. D., Stein, R. M. (1993). Predicting response to amitriptyline in posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1024–1029.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reist 1989a</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reist, C., Kauffmann, C. D., Haier, R. J., Sangdahl, C., DeMet, E. M., Chicz-DeMet, A. (1989). A controlled trial of desipramine in 18 men with posttraumatic stress disorder.[comment]. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 513–516.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab7"><div id="ch6.appk.tab7" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shestatzky 1988</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Completion data <50%/Drop out >50%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shestatzky, M., Greenberg, D., & Lerer, B. (1988). A controlled trial of phenelzine in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research, 24, 149–155.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab8"><div id="ch6.appk.tab8" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cankurtaran 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population outside scope: Trials of people without PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cankurtaran ES, Ozalp E, Soygur H, Akbiyik DI, Turhan L, Alkis N. Mirtazapine improves sleep and lowers anxiety and depression in cancer patients: superiority over imipramine. Supportive care in cancer. 2008 Nov 1;16(11):1291–8.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dow 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dow, B. & Kline, N. (1997) Antidepressant treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression in veterens. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 9, 1, 1–5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00302107" title="Study NCT00302107" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00302107</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00302107" title="Study NCT00302107" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00302107</a>. A Placebo-Controlled Study of Mirtazapine for PTSD in OIF/OEF Veterans. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00302107" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00302107</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NCT00449189</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NCT00449189. A Placebo-Controlled Study of Mirtazapine for PTSD in OIF/OEF Veterans and Veterans From All Other Southwest Asia Conditions. Available from: <a href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00449189" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/ct2/show/NCT00449189</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schneier 2015/Hernandez 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Completion data <50%/Drop out >50%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schneier FR, Campeas R, Carcamo J, Glass A, Lewis-Fernandez R, Neria Y, Sanchez-Lacay A, Vermes D, Wall MM. COMBINED MIRTAZAPINE AND SSRI TREATMENT OF PTSD: A PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL. Depression and anxiety. 2015 Aug 1;32(8):570–9.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01178671" title="Study NCT01178671" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01178671</a>. Combined Mirtazapine and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01178671" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01178671</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schnier 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Completion data <50%/Drop out >50%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schneier, F.R., Campeas, R., Carcamo, J., Glass, A., Lewis-Fernandez, R., Neria, Y., Sanchez-Lacay, A., Vermes, D., Wall, M.M., 2015. Combined mirtazapine and SSRI treatment of PTSD: a placebo-controlled trial. Depress. Anxiety <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.22384" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://dx<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.doi.org/10.1002/da.22384</a> ([Epub ahead of print] PMID: 26115513, Jun 26).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warner 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Warner MD, Dorn MR, Peabody CA. Survey on the usefulness of trazodone in patients with PTSD with insomnia or nightmares. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2001;34(4):128–31.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schoenfeld, F., DeViva, J. and Manber, R. (2012) Treatment of sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder: a review, JRRD, 49, 729–752</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab9"><div id="ch6.appk.tab9" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Afshar 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paper unavailable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Afshar H, Amanat S. Efficacy of lamotrigine in the treatment of avoidance/numbing in post-traumatic stress disorder. World psychiatry. 2009; 8 (Suppl 1):218.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alderman 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alderman, C.P., McCarthy, L.C., Condon, J.T., Marwood, A.C., Fuller, J.R., 2009b. Topiramate in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann. Pharmacother. 43 (4), 635–641 (Apr).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Batki 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01749215" title="Study NCT01749215" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01749215</a>. A Controlled Trial of Topiramate Treatment for Alcohol Dependence in Veterans With PTSD. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01749215" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01749215</a> [accessed 05.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berlant 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berlant, J. & van Kammen, D. P. (2002). Open-label topiramate as primary or adjunctive therapy in chronic civilian posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary report. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63, 15–20.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cates 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cates ME, Bishop MH, Davis LL, Lowe JS, Woolley TW. Clonazepam for treatment of sleep disturbances associated with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38(9):1395–99.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schoenfeld, F., DeViva, J. and Manber, R. (2012) Treatment of sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder: a review, JRRD, 49, 729–752</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clark 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clark, R., Cañive, J., Calais, L., Qualls, C., Tuason, V. (1999) Divalproex in posttraumatic stress diorder: an open-label clinical trial, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 395–401</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ahearn, E., Krohn, A., Connor, K. & Davidson, J. (2003) Pharmacologic Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Focus on Antipsychotic Use, Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 15, 193–201</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davis 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00203463" title="Study NCT00203463" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00203463</a>. Topiramate in the Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00203463" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00203463</a> [accessed 05.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fesler 1991</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fesler, F.A (1991) Valproate in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 52, 9, 361–364</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fischer 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01408641" title="Study NCT01408641" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01408641</a>. A 14-week Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study of Topiramate for Alcohol Use Disorders in Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01408641" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01408641</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frank 1988</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Secondary analysis of data that has already been included</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frank, J. B., Kosten, T. R., Giller, E. L., Jr., & Dan, E. (1988). A randomized clinical trial of phenelzine and imipramine for posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1289–1291.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goldberg 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Goldberg, J.F.; Cloitre, M.; Whiteside, J.E.; & Han, H. (2003) An open-label pilot study of divalproex sodium for posttraumatic stress disorder related to child abuse. Current Therapeutic Research, 64, 1, 45–54</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hamner 2003a</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hamner, M.B. (2003) Quetiapine treatment in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: an open trial of adjunctive therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 23, 1, 15–20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hamner 2003b</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (included)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population outside scope: Trials of people with psychosis as a coexisting condition</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hamner, M. B., Faldowski, R. A., Ulmer, H. G., Frueh, B. C., Huber, M. G., & Arana, G. W. (2003). Adjunctive risperidone treatment in post-traumatic stress disorder: A preliminary controlled trial of effects on comorbid psychotic symptoms. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 18, 1–8.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hamner 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paper unavailable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hamner MB, Faldowski RA, Robert S, Ulmer HG, Horner MD, Lorberbaum JP. A preliminary controlled trial of divalproex in posttraumatic stress disorder. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2009;21(2):89–94.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hertzberg 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Completion data <50%/Drop out >50%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hertzberg, M. A., Butterfield, M. I., Feldman, M. E., Beckham, J. C., Sutherland, S. M., Connor, K. M. (1999). A preliminary study of lamotrigine for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 1226–1229.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lasher 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01087736" title="Study NCT01087736" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01087736</a>. Topiramate Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders in Veterans With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Pilot Controlled Trial of Augmentation Therapy. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01087736" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01087736</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindley 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Completion data <50%/Drop out >50%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindley SE, Carlson EB, Hill K. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of augmentation topiramate for chronic combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;27:677–81.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berger, W., Mendlowicz, M., Marques-Portella, C., Kinrys, G., Fontenelle, L., Marmar, C., Figueira, I. (2009) Pharmacologic alternatives to antidepressants in posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic reviews, Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry, 33, 169–180</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lipper 1986</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liper, S. (1986) Preliminary study of carbamazepine in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychosomatics, 27, 12, 849–854</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mello 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00725920" title="Study NCT00725920" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00725920</a>. Randomized Clinical Trial to Study the Topiramate Efficacy for Posttraumatic Disorder Treatment. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00725920" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00725920</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Petty 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00208130" title="Study NCT00208130" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00208130</a>. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Civilians. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00208130" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00208130</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tucker 2005</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00204386" title="Study NCT00204386" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00204386</a>. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00204386" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00204386</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wolf 1988</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wolf, M.E.; Alavi, A. & Mosnaim, A.D. (1988) Posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterens clinical and EEG findings; possible therapeutic effects of carbamazepine. Biological Psychiatry, 23, 642–644</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab10"><div id="ch6.appk.tab10" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ahearn 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ahearn, E., Krohn, A., Connor, K. & Davidson, J. (2003) Pharmacologic Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Focus on Antipsychotic Use, Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 15, 193–204</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Butterfield 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (included)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Butterfield, M. I., Becker, M. E., Connor, K. M., Sutherland, S., Churchill, L. E., & Davidson, J. R. (2001). Olanzapine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 16, 197–203.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kellner 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kellner M, Muhtz C, Wiedemann K. Primary add-on of ziprasidone in sertraline treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: lessons from a stopped trial?. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. 2010 Aug 1;30(4):471–3.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 1.1–1.2 & 2.1–2.2 (searches combined)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Liu, X. H., Xie, X. H., Wang, K. Y., Cui, H. (2014) Efficacy and acceptability of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 543–549</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Monnelly 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Monnelly, E.P.; Ciraulo, D.A.; Knapp, C. & Keane, T. (2003) Low-dose risperidone as adjunctive therapy for irritable aggression in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 23, 2, 193–196.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Naylor 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Naylor, J.C., Kilts, J.D., Bradford, D.W., Strauss, J.L., Capehart, B.P., Szabo, S.T., Smith, K.D., Dunn, C.E., Conner, K.M., Davidson, J.R., Wagner, H.R., Hamer, R.M., Marx, C.E., 2015. A pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive aripiprazole for chronic PTSD in US military Veterans resistant to antidepressant treatment. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 30 (3), 167–174 (May).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00208182" title="Study NCT00208182" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00208182</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00208182" title="Study NCT00208182" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00208182</a>. Risperidone Monotherapy in the Treatment of PTSD in Women Survivors of Domestic Abuse and Rape Trauma: a Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial. Available from: <a href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00208182" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00208182</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00208208" title="Study NCT00208208" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00208208</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00208208" title="Study NCT00208208" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00208208</a>. Geodon (Ziprasidone) for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00208208" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00208208</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00292370" title="Study NCT00292370" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00292370</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00292370" title="Study NCT00292370" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00292370</a>. A Placebo-controlled Trial of Adjunctive Quetiapine for Refractory PTSD. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00292370" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00292370</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Padala 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Padala PR, Madison J, Monnahan M, MarcilW, Price P, Ramaswamy S. Risperidone monotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder related to sexual assault and domestic abuse in women. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2006;21:275–80.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ravindran 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any metaanalysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ravindran, A., Bradbury, C., McKay, M. & da Silva, T. (2007) Novel uses for risperidone: Focus on depressive, anxiety and behavioral disorders, Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 8, 1693–1710</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reich 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reich, D.B.; Winternitz, S.; Hennen, J.; Watts, T.; Stanculescu, C. Mclean study of risperidone. Treatment of noncombat-related posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse in women. Presented at the 24th Annual Conference of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, March 11–14, 2004, Miami, Florida.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reich, D., Winternitz, s., Hennen, J., Watts, T., and Stanculescu, C. (2004) A Preliminary Study of Risperidone in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Related to Childhood Abuse in Women, J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65(12):1601–1606</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rothbaum 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rothbaum BO, Killeen TK, Davidson JR, Brady KT, Connor KM, Heekin MH. Placebo-controlled trial of risperidone augmentation for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant civilian posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2008 Mar 18;69(4):520–5.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab11"><div id="ch6.appk.tab11" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Braun 1990</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Braun, P., Greenberg, D., Dasberg, H., & Lerer, B. (1990). Core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder unimproved by alprazolam treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 51, 236–238.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gelpin 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gelpin, E., Bonne, O., Peri, T., Brandes, D., & Shalev, A. Y. (1996). Treatment of recent trauma survivors with benzodiazepines: a prospective study. J Clin. Psychiatry, 57, 390–394.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01221883" title="Study NCT01221883" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01221883</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01221883" title="Study NCT01221883" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01221883</a>. Early Pharmacological Intervention With Diazepam in the Emergency Room Setting to Prevent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01221883" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01221883</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch6appktab12"><div id="ch6.appk.tab12" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK560211/table/ch6.appk.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch6.appk.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study ID</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 1</th><th id="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ref 2</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abramowitz 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions not relevant to this review (to be considered for other relevant RQ)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abramowitz EG, Barak Y, Ben-Avi I, Knobler HY. Hypnotherapy in the treatment of chronic combat-related PTSD patients suffering from insomnia: a randomized, zolpidem-controlled clinical trial. Intl. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2008 May 29;56(3):270–80.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aerni 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aerni, A., Traber, R., Hock, C., Roozendaal, B., Schelling, G., Papassotiropoulos, A. (2004). Low-dose cortisol for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry, 161, 1488–1490.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aerni 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aerni, A., Traber, R., Hock, C., Roozendaal, B., Schelling, G., Papassotiropoulos, A., Nitsch, R.M., Schnyder, U., de Quervain, D.J., 2004. Low-dose cortisol for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 161 (8), 1488–1490 (Aug).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Albucher 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Albucher, R. C. & Liberzon, I. (2002). Psychopharmacological treatment in PTSD: A critical review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 36, 355–367.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Attari 2014/Rajabi 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes reported are outside the scope</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Attari A, Rajabi F, Maracy MR. D-cycloserine for treatment of numbing and avoidance in chronic post traumatic stress disorder: A randomized, double blind, clinical trial. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2014 Jul;19(7):592.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IRCT2013121015741N1. Efficacy of D-Cycloserine for Treatment of Numbing and Avoidance in patients with Chronic PTSD - D-Cycloserine for Numbing and Avoidance in Chronic PTSD. Available from: <a href="http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT2013121015741N1" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://apps<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.aspx?TrialID<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​=IRCT2013121015741N1</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berlant 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berlant, J. (2001) Topiramate in posttraumatic stress disorder: preliminary clinical observations, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 60–63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ahearn, E., Krohn, A., Connor, K. & Davidson, J. (2003) Pharmacologic Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Focus on Antipsychotic Use, Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 15, 193–203</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berlant 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-systematic review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Berlant, J. (2003). New drug development for post-traumatic stress disorder. Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs, 4, 37–41.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bouso 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bouso, J.C., Doblin, R., Farré, M., Alcázar, M.A., 2008. Gómez-Jarabo G.MDMA-assisted psychotherapy using low doses in a small sample of women with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Psychoactive Drugs 40 (3), 225–236 (Sep).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohen 2004b</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (included)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohen, H., Kaplan, Z., Kotler, M., Kouperman, I., Moisa, R., & Grisaru, N. (2004). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in posttraumatic stress disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Psychiatry, 161, 515–524.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connor 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connor, K.M., Davidson, J.R., Weisler, R.H., Zhang, W., Abraham, K., 2006. Tiagabine for posttraumatic stress disorder: effects of open-label and double-blind discontinuation treatment. Psychopharmacology 184 (1), 21–25 (Jan).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coupland 1997</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not targeted at PTSD symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Coupland, N.J. (1997) A pilot controlled study of the effects of Flumazenil in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 41, 988–990</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cyr 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cyr, M. & Farrar, M. (2000) Treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder, Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 34, 366–376</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson 1998</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson, J.R.T.; Weisler, R.H.; Malik, M.L. & Connor (1998) Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with nefazodone. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 13, 111–113</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davidson, J. R. T., Weisler, R. H., Butterfield, M. I., Casat, C. D., Connor, K. M., Barnett, S. (2003). Mirtazapine vs. placebo in posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot trial. Biological Psychiatry, 53, 188–191.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davis 2008b</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paper unavailable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davis LL, Ward C, Rasmusson A, Newell JM, Frazier E, Southwick SM. A placebo-controlled trial of guanfacine for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans. Psychopharmacology bulletin. 2007 Dec;41(1):8–18.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">d’Otalora 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01793610" title="Study NCT01793610" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01793610</a>. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose Response Phase 2 Pilot Study of Manualized MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy in Subjects With Chronic, Treatment-Resistant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01793610" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01793610</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Drake 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Drake, R.G. (2003) Baclofen treatment for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 37, 1177–1181</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duffy 1994</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duffy, J.D. & Malloy, P.F. (1994) Efficacy of buspirone in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: an open trial. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 6, 1, 33–37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">EudraCT 2007-000030-39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">EudraCT 2007-000030-39. Prazosin as add-on therapy in the pharmacological treatment of sleep disturbances in post traumatic stress disorder, a placebo-controlled study using polysomnography. Available from: <a href="https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2007-000030-39/NL" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.clinicaltrialsregister<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.eu/ctr-search<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/trial/2007-000030-39/NL</a> [accessed 05.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feder 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-over study and first phase data not available</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feder A, Parides MK, Murrough JW, Perez AM, Morgan JE, Saxena S, Kirkwood K, Aan Het Rot M, Lapidus KA, Wan LB, Iosifescu D. Efficacy of intravenous ketamine for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry. 2014 Jun 1;71(6):681–8.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feeny 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00127673" title="Study NCT00127673" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00127673</a>. Effectiveness of PTSD Treatment: CBT Versus Sertraline. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00127673" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00127673</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Friedman 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Book Section</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Friedman MJ, Davidson JRT, Mellman TA, Southwick SM. Pharmacotherapy. In: Foa EB, Keane TM, Friedman MJ, eds. Effective treatments for PTSD: practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. New York: Guilford, 2000:326–329.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cooper, J., Carty, J. & Creamer, M. (2005) Pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: empirical review and clinical recommendations, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2005; 39:674–682</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frommberger 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions not relevant to this review (to be considered for other relevant RQ)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frommberger U, Stieglitz RD, Nyberg E, Richter H, Novelli-Fischer U, Angenendt J, Zaninelli R, Berger M. Comparison between paroxetine and behaviour therapy in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a pilot study. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 2004 Jan 1;8(1):19–23.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gaffney 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Secondary analysis of data that has already been included</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gaffney, M. (2003). Factor analysis of treatment response in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress, 16, 77–80.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Golier 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Golier, J.A., Caramanica, K., Demaria, R., Yehuda, R., 2012. A pilot study of mifepristone in combat-related PTSD. Depress. Res. Treat. 2012, 393251.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Golier 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes are not of interest</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Golier JA, Caramanica K, Michaelides AC, Makotkine I, Schmeidler J, Harvey PD, Yehuda R. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of mifepristone in Gulf War veterans with chronic multisymptom illness. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016 Feb 29;64:22–30.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Green 2006</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions not relevant to this review (to be considered for other relevant RQ)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Green BL, Krupnick JL, Chung J, Siddique J, Krause ED, Revicki D, Frank L, Miranda J. Impact of PTSD comorbidity on one-year outcomes in a depression trial. Journal of clinical psychology. 2006 Jul 1;62(7):815–35.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Guay 2007</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00452231" title="Study NCT00452231" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00452231</a>. Comparative Study of the Efficacy of a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder With or Without D-Cycloserine. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00452231" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00452231</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heresco-Levy 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heresco-Levy, U., Kremer, I., Javitt, D. C., Goichman, R., Reshef, A., Blanaru, M. (2002). Pilot-controlled trial of D-cycloserine for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 5, 301–307.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heresco-Levy 2009</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-over study and first phase data not available</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heresco-Levy, U., Vass, A., Bloch, B., Wolosker, H., Dumin, E., Balan, L., Deutsch, L. and Kremer, I. (2009) Pilot controlled trial of D-serine for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 12, 1275–1282</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hertzberg 2001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not targeted at PTSD symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hertzberg, M. A., Moore, S. D., Feldman, M. E., & Beckham, J. C. (2001). A preliminary study of bupropion sustained-release for smoking cessation in patients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin. Psychopharmacol., 21, 94–98.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hertzberg 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hertzberg, M.A.; Feldman, M.E.; Beckham, J.C.; Moore, S.D. & Davidson, J.R.T (2002) Three- to four-year follow-up to an open trial of nefazodone for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 14, 4, 215–221</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jacobs-Rebhun</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jacobs-Rebhun, S. & Schnurr, P. (US). Posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep difficulty. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, Sep-1526.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jetly 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jetly, R., Heber, A., Fraser, G., 2015. Boisvert D Psychoneuroendocrinology 51, 585–588 (Jan).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaplan 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaplan Z, Amir M, Swartz M, Levine J. Inositol treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Anxiety. 1996 Jan 1;2(1):51–2.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kellner 2000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (included)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not targeted at PTSD symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kellner, M., Wiedemann, K., Yassouridis, A., Levengood, R., Guo, L. S., Holsboer, F. (2000). Behavioral and endocrine response to cholecystokinin tetrapeptide in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 47, 107–111.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Khan 2017</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Khan, A., Khan, S., Hobus, J., Faucett, J. and Davidson, J. (2017) Response to adrenergic blockade for post-traumatic stress disorder: data from a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind proof of concept trial with carvedilol. Unpublished manuscript.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kitchener 1985</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kitchener, I., Greenstein, R. (1985) Low dose lithium carbonate in the treatment of posttarumatic stress disrder: brief communication, Mil Med, 150, 378–381</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ahearn, E., Krohn, A., Connor, K. & Davidson, J. (2003) Pharmacologic Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Focus on Antipsychotic Use, Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 15, 193–202</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koch 2016</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koch SB, van Zuiden M, Nawijn L, Frijling JL, Veltman DJ, Olff M. Intranasal Oxytocin Normalizes Amygdala Functional Connectivity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016 Jan 7.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kotler 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01689740" title="Study NCT01689740" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01689740</a>. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Pilot Study of MDMA-assisted Psychotherapy in People With Chronic, Treatment-Resistant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01689740" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01689740</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kozaravic-Kovacic 2008</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-systematic review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kozaric-Kovacic, D. (2008) Psychopharmacotherapy of posttraumatic stress disorder, Croatian Medical Journal, 49, 459–475</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kwako 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kwako, L.E., George, D.T., Schwandt, M.L., Spagnolo, P.A., Momenan, R., Hommer, D.W., Diamond, C.A., Sinha, R., Shaham, Y., Hellig, M., 2015. The neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist aprepitant in co-morbid alcohol dependence and posttraumatic stress disorder: a human experimental study. Psychopharmacology 232 (1), 295–304.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lerer 1987</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lerer, B.; Bleich, A.; Kotler, M.; Garb, R.; Hertzberg, M. & Levin, B. (1987) Posttraumatic stress disorder in Israeli combat veterens. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 976–981</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ludäscher 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-over study and first phase data not available</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ludäscher P, Schmahl C, Feldmann RE, Kleindienst N, Schneider M, Bohus M. No evidence for differential dose effects of hydrocortisone on intrusive memories in female patients with complex post-traumatic stress disorder–a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2015; 29(10): 1077–1084</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mathew 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention outside scope</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mathew, S.J., Vythilingam, M., Murrough, J.W., Zarate Jr., C.A., Feder, A., Luckenbaugh, D.A., Kinkead, B., Parides, M.K., Trist, D.G., Bani, M.S., Bettica, P.U., Ratti, E.M., Charney, D.S., 2011. A selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist in chronic PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 21 (3), 221–229 (Mar).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mellman 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mellman, T.A.; David, D. & Barza, L. (1999) Nefazodone treatment and dream reports in chronic PTSD. Depression and Anxiety, 9: 146–148</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mithoefer 2004</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00090064" title="Study NCT00090064" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00090064</a>. Phase II Clinical Trial Testing the Safety and Efficacy of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-Assisted Psychotherapy in Subjects With Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00090064" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00090064</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mithoefer 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mithoefer MC, Wagner MT, Mithoefer AT, Jerome L, Doblin R. The safety and efficacy of±3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2011 Apr 1;25(4):439–52.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mithoefer 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mithoefer, M.C., Wagner, M.T., Mithoefer, A.T., Jerome, L., Martin, S.F., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Michel, Y., Brewerton, T.D., Doblin, R., 2013. Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study. J. Psychopharmacol. 27 (1), 28–39 (Jan).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Murrough 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population outside scope: <80% of the study’s participants are eligible for the review and disaggregated data cannot be obtained</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Murrough JW, Soleimani L, DeWilde KE, Collins KA, Lapidus KA, Iacoviello BM, Lener M, Kautz M, Kim J, Stern JB, Price RB. Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological medicine. 2015 Dec 1;45(16):3571–80.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00018603" title="Study NCT00018603" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00018603</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00018603" title="Study NCT00018603" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00018603</a>. Guanfacine for the Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00018603" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00018603</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00025740" title="Study NCT00025740" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00025740</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paper unavailable</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00025740" title="Study NCT00025740" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00025740</a>. Combined Treatment With a Benzodiazepine (Clonazepam) and a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (Paroxetine) for Rapid Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00025740" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00025740</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00108420" title="Study NCT00108420" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00108420</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00108420" title="Study NCT00108420" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00108420</a>. Prazosin Treatment for Combat Trauma PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) Nightmares and Sleep Disturbance. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00108420" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00108420</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00167687" title="Study NCT00167687" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00167687</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population outside scope: Trials of people without PTSD</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00167687" title="Study NCT00167687" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00167687</a>. A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Prazosin for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00167687" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00167687</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00174551" title="Study NCT00174551" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00174551</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00174551" title="Study NCT00174551" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00174551</a>. The Effect of Prazosin for Nighttime Symptoms of Civilian PTSD. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00174551" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00174551</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00744055" title="Study NCT00744055" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00744055</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00744055" title="Study NCT00744055" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00744055</a>. The Use of Prazosin for Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Dependence (AD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00744055" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00744055</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00965809" title="Study NCT00965809" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00965809</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00965809" title="Study NCT00965809" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT00965809</a>. Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of THC as add-on Therapy for PTSD. Availble from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00965809" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00965809</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01000493" title="Study NCT01000493" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01000493</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01000493" title="Study NCT01000493" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01000493</a>. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Fixed-Dose Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of the Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Orvepitant (<a href="/nuccore/407888747" class="bk_tag" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=nuccore">GW823296</a>) in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01000493" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01000493</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01336413" title="Study NCT01336413" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01336413</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01336413" title="Study NCT01336413" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01336413</a>. Neuroactive Steroids and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in OEF/OIF Veterans. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01336413" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01336413</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01715519" title="Study NCT01715519" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01715519</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01715519" title="Study NCT01715519" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01715519</a>. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial of Vilazodone in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01715519" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01715519</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01726088" title="Study NCT01726088" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01726088</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01726088" title="Study NCT01726088" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01726088</a>. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Modafinil in OEF/OIF Combat Veterans With PTSD. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01726088" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01726088</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01739335" title="Study NCT01739335" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01739335</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01739335" title="Study NCT01739335" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT01739335</a>. Novel Therapeutics in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Randomized Clinical Trial of Mifepristone. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01739335" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01739335</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NCT01946685</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NCT01946685. Novel Therapeutics in PTSD: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Mifepristone. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01946685" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https:<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​//clinicaltrials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov/ct2/show/NCT01946685</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02155829" title="Study NCT02155829" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT02155829</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unpublished (registered on <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials.gov</a> and author contacted for full trial report but not provided)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02155829" title="Study NCT02155829" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT02155829</a>. Riluzole for PTSD: Efficacy of a Glutamatergic Modulator as Augmentation Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02155829" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02155829</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02577250" title="Study NCT02577250" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT02577250</a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-RCT (no control group)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02577250" title="Study NCT02577250" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT02577250</a>. Efficacy and Safety of Repeated Intravenous Subanesthetic Ketamine Infusions Among Veterans With Treatment Resistant Depression Comorbid With Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Proof-of-concept Study. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02577250" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02577250</a> [accessed 22.12.16]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neylan 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Neylan, T.C. (2003) The effect of nefazodone on subjective and objective sleep quality in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64, 4, 445–450</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oehen 2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oehen, P., Traber, R., Widmer, V., Schnyder, U., 2013. A randomized, controlled pilot study of MDMA (± 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of resistant, chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). J. Psychopharmacol. 27 (1), 40–52 (Jan).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koek, R., Schwartz, H., Scully, S., Langevin, J-P., Spangler, S., Korotinsky, A., Joua, K. and Leuchter, A. (2016) Treatment-refractory posttraumatic stress disorder (TRPTSD): a review and framework for the future, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 70, 170–218</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pitman 1990</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not targeted at PTSD symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pitman, R.K. (1990) Naloxone-reversable analgesic response to combat-related stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 541–544</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raskind 2003</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raskind, M. A., Peskind, E. R., Kanter, E. D., Petrie, E. C., Radant, A., Thompson, C. E. (2003). Reduction of nightmares and other PTSD symptoms in combat veterans by prazosin: a placebocontrolled study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 371–373.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raskind 2009/2013</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Setting outside scope: Treatment provided to troops on operational deployment or exercise</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raskind, M.A., Peterson, K., Williams, T., Hoff, D.J., Hart, K., Holmes, H., Homas, D., Hill, J., Daniels, C., Calohan, J., Millard, S.P., Rohde, K., O’Connell, J., Pritzl, D., Feiszli, K., Petrie, E.C., Gross, C., Mayer, C.L., Freed, M.C., Engel, C., Peskind, E.R., 2013. A trial of prazosin for combat trauma PTSD with nightmares in activeduty soldiers returned from Iraq and Afghanistan. Am. J. Psychiatry 170 (9), 1003–1010 (Sep).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raskind 2014</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02226367" title="Study NCT02226367" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=clinical-trial">NCT02226367</a>. Prazosin Augmentation of Outpatient Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders in Active Duty Soldiers With and Without PTSD. Available from: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02226367" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02226367</a> [accessed 06.01.17]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reznik 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not targeted at PTSD symptoms</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reznik, I., Zemishlany, Z., Kotler, M., Spivak, B., Weizman, A., & Mester, R. (2002). Sildenafil citrate for the sexual dysfunction in antidepressant-treated male patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: A preliminary pilot open-label study. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 71, 173–176.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risse 1990</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risse, S., Whitters, A., Burke, J., Chen, S., Scurfield, R., Raskind, M. (1990) Severe withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of alprazolam in eight patients with combat-induced post-traumatic stress disorder, Journal of Clinical psychiatry, 51, 206–209</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ahearn, E., Krohn, A., Connor, K. & Davidson, J. (2003) Pharmacologic Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Focus on Antipsychotic Use, Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 15, 193–204</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schelling 1999</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schelling, G. (1999) The effect of stress doses of hydrocortisone during septic shock on posttraumatic stress disorder and health-related quality of life in survivors. Critical Care Medicine, 27, 12, 2678–2683</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schoenfeld 2012</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schoenfeld, F., DeViva, J. and Manber, R. (2012) Treatment of sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder: a review, JRRD, 49, 729–752</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shalev 1996</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any meta-analysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shalev, A., Bonne, O. & Eth, S. (1996) Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: A review, Psychosomatic Medicine, 58, 165–182</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Silver 1995</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (excluded)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-randomised group assignment</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sillver, S.M.; Brooks, A.; Obenchain, J. (1995) Treatment of Vietnam War veterans with PTSD: a comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, biofeedback, and relaxation training. J Trauma Stress. 1995 Apr;8(2):337–42.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stein 2002</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2004 GL (included)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stein, M. B., Kline, N. A., & Matloff, J. L. (2002). Adjunctive olanzapine for SSRI-resistant combatrelated PTSD: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1777–1779.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suris 2010</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surís A, North C, Adinoff B, Powell CM, Greene R. Effects of exogenous glucocorticoid on combat-related PTSD symptoms. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 2010 Nov 1;22(4):274–9.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Taylor 2008a</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 3.1–3.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review with no new useable data and any metaanalysis results not appropriate to extract</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Taylor, H., Freeman, M. & Cates, M. (2008) Prazosin for treatment of nightmares related to posttraumatic stress disorder, American Journal of Health System Pharmacy, 65, 716–722</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Taylor 2008b</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Handsearch</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Taylor FB, Martin P, Thompson C, Williams J, Mellman TA, Gross C, Prazosin effects on objective sleep measures and clinical symptoms in civilian trauma posttraumatic stress disorder: a placebo-controlled study. Biol Psychiatry 2008;63:629–32.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yehuda 2011</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sample size (N<10/arm)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yehuda R, Harvey PD, Golier JA, Newmark RE, Bowie CR, Wohltmann JJ, Grossman RA, Schmeidler J, Hazlett EA, Buchsbaum MS. Changes in relative glucose metabolic rate following cortisol administration in aging veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: an FDG-PET neuroimaging study. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences. 2009 Apr;21(2):132–43.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yehuda 2015</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RQ 4.1–4.2 (maximizing sensitivity)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Efficacy or safety data cannot be extracted</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Yehuda R, Bierer LM, Pratchett LC, Lehrner A, Koch EC, Van Manen JA, Flory JD, Makotkine I, Hildebrandt T. Cortisol augmentation of a psychological treatment for warfighters with posttraumatic stress disorder: Randomized trial showing improved treatment retention and outcome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015 Jan 31;51:589–97.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch6.appk.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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