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stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-done" class="wsprkl btn" title="Dismiss find">✘</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style"><div class="fm-sec bkr_bottom_sep"><div class="bkr_thumb"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng151er11-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Effectiveness of stenting for acute large bowel obstruction" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK559925_"><span itemprop="name">Effectiveness of stenting for acute large bowel obstruction</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Colorectal cancer (update)</div><p><b>Evidence review C9</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 151</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Alliance (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2020 Jan</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3657-1</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch11.s1"><h2 id="_ch11_s1_">Effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for acute large bowel obstruction</h2><p>This evidence review supports <a href="/books/n/niceng151/?report=reader" class="toc-item">recommendations 1.3.15</a> to <a href="/books/n/niceng151/?report=reader" class="toc-item">1.3.16</a>.</p><div id="ch11.s1.1"><h3>Review question</h3><p>What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</p><div id="ch11.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Patients presenting with suspected malignant colonic obstruction typically have two treatment options – emergency surgery, which is associated with a number of different complications, including high morbidity and mortality and a high rate of stoma formation; or stenting, which involves placing a hollow, self-expanding, flexible metal tube in the large bowel to keep it open. The use of colonic stents as a bridge to surgery has the potential to convert a bowel obstruction from an emergency condition to an elective situation, yet controversy remains as to whether this treatment option is superior to traditional emergency surgical options. Therefore the aim of this review is to determine the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>Please see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch11tab1" rid-ob="figobch11tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of the population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch11tab1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch11tab1" rid-ob="figobch11tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. Summary of the protocol (PICO table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch11.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PICO table). </p></div></div><p>For further details see the review protocol in <a href="#ch11.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.3"><h4>Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014</a>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#ch11.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2014 conflicts of interest policy until 31 March 2018. From 1 April 2018, declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2018 <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/about/who-we-are/policies-and-procedures" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">conflicts of interest policy</a>. Those interests declared until April 2018 were reclassified according to NICE’s 2018 conflicts of interest policy (see Register of Interests).</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.4"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="ch11.s1.1.4.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>Thirteen RCTs were included in this review (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref1">Alcantara 2011</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref2">Cheung 2009</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref4" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref4">Dutch Stent-In-1 trial [Van Hooft 2008]</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref5b" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref5b">Dutch Stent-In-2 trial [Van Hooft 2011]</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">ESCO trial</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">Arezzo 2017</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref8" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref8">Fiori 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref9" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref9">Ghazal 2013</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref10" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref10">Ho 2012</a>; Pirlet 2011; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref11" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref11">Xinopoulos 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref12" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref12">Young 2015</a>) and 2 follow up studies <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref2">Cheung 2009</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref2b" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref2b">Tung 2013</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref5a" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref5a">Dutch Stent-In-2 trial [Sloothaak 2014]</a>).</p><p>The included studies are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch11tab2" rid-ob="figobch11tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><p>Four trials (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref4" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref4">Dutch Stent-In-1 trial [Van Hooft 2008]</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref8" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref8">Fiori 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref11" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref11">Xinopoulos 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref12" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref12">Young 2015</a>) compared stent placement with palliative intent to palliative surgery. Seven trials (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref1">Alcantara 2011</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref2">Cheung 2009</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref5b" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref5b">Dutch Stent-In-2 trial [Van Hooft 2011]</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">ESCO trial</a> [<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">Arezzo 2017</a>]; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref9" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref9">Ghazal 2013</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref10" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref10">Ho 2012</a>; Pirlet 2011) compared stent as a bridge to surgery (SBTS) with emergency surgery.</p><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#ch11.appb">appendix B</a> and study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch11.appc">appendix C</a>.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.4.2"><h5>Expert evidence</h5><p>The included studies had low numbers of participants and none was carried out in the UK. Three of these trials were stopped early due to excess treatment related adverse events which led some trialists to question the role of stenting in patients due to receive curative surgery. The CReST trial is a UK phase III randomised trial and is larger than any of the trials published to date. The results from CReST were not published within the timeline of the guideline, however results were available and were presented to the guideline committee by one of the CReST trialists as expert witness evidence.</p><p>See the summary of expert evidence in <a href="#ch11.appm">appendix M</a>.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.4.3"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review with reasons for their exclusions are provided in <a href="#ch11.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.5"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>Summaries of the studies that were included in this review are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch11tab2" rid-ob="figobch11tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch11tab2"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch11tab2" rid-ob="figobch11tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of included studies." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch11.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies. </p></div></div><p>See the full evidence tables in <a href="#ch11.appd">appendix D</a> and the forest plots in <a href="#ch11.appe">appendix E</a>.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.6"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical outcomes included in the evidence review</h4><p>See the clinical evidence profiles in <a href="#ch11.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.7"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="ch11.s1.1.7.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>A systematic review of the economic literature was conducted but no economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.7.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>A global search of economic evidence was undertaken for all review questions in this guideline. See Supplement 2 for further information.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.8"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9"><h4>Evidence statements</h4><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1"><h5>Clinical evidence statements</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1"><h5>Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.1.1"><h5>Clinically successful bowel decompression, defined by author (stent arm only)</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.1.1.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l17"><li id="ch11.lt87" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=37) showed that clinically successful bowel decompression was achieved in 84% of patients with acute large bowel obstruction undergoing stenting.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.1.1.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l18"><li id="ch11.lt88" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 5 RCTs (N=177) showed that clinically successful bowel decompression was achieved in 69% of patients with acute large bowel obstruction undergoing SBTS.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.1.2"><h5>30-day mortality</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.1.2.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l19"><li id="ch11.lt89" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (N=95) showed no clinically important difference in 30-day mortality between receiving stenting compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.1.2.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l20"><li id="ch11.lt90" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 5 RCTs (N=340) showed no clinically important difference in 30-day mortality between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.1.3"><h5>Disease-free survival</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.1.3.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><p>Not applicable.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.1.3.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l21"><li id="ch11.lt91" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=106) showed no clinically important difference disease-free survival at 4 to 5 years follow-up between those receiving SBTS and those receiving emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li><li id="ch11.lt92" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=115) showed no clinically important difference in 3-year progression-free survival between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.1"><h5>Overall survival</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.1.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l22"><li id="ch11.lt93" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=52) showed no clinically important difference in 1-year overall survival between receiving stenting compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.1.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l23"><li id="ch11.lt94" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=48) showed no clinically important difference in 5-year overall survival between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li><li id="ch11.lt95" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=58) showed no clinically important difference in 4-year overall survival between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li><li id="ch11.lt96" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=115) showed no clinically important difference in 3-year overall survival between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.2"><h5>Length of hospital stay</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.2.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l24"><li id="ch11.lt97" class="half_rhythm"><div>Evidence from 2 RCTs (low risk of bias, N=74) showed a clinically important decrease in length of hospital stay (4-5 days less) between receiving stenting compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction. However, evidence from 1 RCT (unclear risk of bias, N=21) showed no clinically important decrease in length of hospital stay between receiving stenting compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.2.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l25"><li id="ch11.lt98" class="half_rhythm"><div>Evidence from 2 RCTs (low risk of bias, N=175) showed a clinically important decrease in length of hospital stay (1-2 days less) between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction. However, evidence from 4 RCTs (high risk of bias, N=196) showed no clinically important decrease in length of hospital stay between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.3"><h5>Anastomotic leak</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.3.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l26"><li id="ch11.lt99" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=52) showed no clinically important difference in anastomotic leak between receiving stenting compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.3.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l27"><li id="ch11.lt100" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 7 RCTs (N=447) showed no clinically important difference in anastomotic leak between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.4"><h5>Perforation rate (stent arm only)</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.4.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><p>No evidence was identified for this outcome in this subgroup.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.4.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l28"><li id="ch11.lt101" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 3 RCTs (N=133) showed that bowel perforation was experienced in 10% of patients with acute large bowel obstruction undergoing SBTS.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.5"><h5>Surgical site infection</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.5.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l29"><li id="ch11.lt102" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=52) showed no clinically important difference in surgical site infection between receiving stenting compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.5.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l30"><li id="ch11.lt103" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 6 RCTs (N=387) showed a clinically important decrease in surgical site infection between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.6"><h5>Stoma rate</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.6.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l31"><li id="ch11.lt104" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=52) showed a clinically important decrease in stoma rate post-procedure between receiving stenting compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.6.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l32"><li id="ch11.lt105" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 4 RCTs (N=312) showed a clinically important decrease in stoma rate post-procedure between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li><li id="ch11.lt106" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 4 RCTs (N=300) showed a clinically important decrease in stoma rate at last follow-up between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.7"><h5>Technically successful stent placement (stent arm only)</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.7.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l33"><li id="ch11.lt107" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 3 RCTs (N=52) showed that technical success was achieved in 86% of patients with acute large bowel obstruction undergoing stenting.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.7.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l34"><li id="ch11.lt108" class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 5 RCTs (N=222) showed that technical success was achieved in 69% of patients with acute large bowel obstruction undergoing SBTS.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.8"><h5>Stent failure (stent arm only)</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.8.1"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l35"><li id="ch11.lt109" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 2 RCTs (N=76) showed that stent failure was experienced in 18% of patients with acute large bowel obstruction undergoing SBTS.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.9"><h5>Overall quality of life</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.9.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l36"><li id="ch11.lt110" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=52) showed that while quality of life (measured using EQ-5D) decreased from baseline to 1-year follow-up in both arms, the change was clinically importantly less between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.1.2.10"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l37"><li id="ch11.lt111" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (N=98) showed a clinically important increase in quality of life (measured using EORTC-C30 QL2 subscale) from baseline to 6-months between receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for patients with acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.1.2"><h5>Comparison 2: Stenting followed by palliative care versus best supportive care alone</h5><p>No evidence was identified to inform this comparison.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2"><h5>Expert evidence statements</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1"><h5>Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.1"><h5>Critical outcomes</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.1.1"><h5>Clinically successful bowel decompression, defined by author (stent arm only)</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.1.1.1"><h5>Palliative or curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l38"><li id="ch11.lt112" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality expert evidence indicated clinically successful bowel decompression rates of 82% with stenting.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.1.2"><h5>30-day mortality</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.1.2.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><p>There was no expert evidence on this outcome for this subgroup.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.1.2.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l39"><li id="ch11.lt113" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality expert evidence indicated no clinically important difference in the 30-day mortality of patients receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.1.3"><h5>Disease-free survival</h5><p>There was no expert evidence on this outcome.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2"><h5>Important outcomes</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.1"><h5>Overall survival</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.1.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><p>There was no expert evidence on this outcome for this subgroup.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.1.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l40"><li id="ch11.lt114" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality expert evidence indicated no clinically important difference in the overall survival (at 3 years follow-up) of patients receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.2"><h5>Length of hospital stay</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.2.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l41"><li id="ch11.lt115" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality expert evidence indicated no clinically important difference in the length of hospital stay for patients receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.2.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l42"><li id="ch11.lt116" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality expert evidence indicated no clinically important difference in the length of hospital stay for patients receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.3"><h5>Anastomotic leak</h5><p>There was no expert evidence on this outcome.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.4"><h5>Perforation rate (stent arm only)</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.4.1"><h5>Palliative or curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l43"><li id="ch11.lt117" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality expert evidence indicated that around 5% of patients receiving SBTS experienced perforation, this rate was relatively low compared to previously published trials.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.5"><h5>Surgical site infection</h5><p>There was no expert evidence on this outcome.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.6"><h5>Stoma rate</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.6.1"><h5>Palliative intent</h5><p>There was no expert evidence on this outcome for this subgroup.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.6.2"><h5>Curative intent</h5><ul id="ch11.l44"><li id="ch11.lt118" class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality expert evidence indicated a clinically important reduction in stoma rates for patients receiving SBTS compared to emergency surgery for acute large bowel obstruction.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.7"><h5>Stent failure (stent arm only)</h5><p>There was no expert evidence on this outcome.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.2.1.2.8"><h5>Overall quality of life</h5><p>There was no expert evidence on this outcome.</p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.9.3"><h5>Economic evidence statements</h5><p>No economic evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="ch11.s1.1.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="ch11.s1.1.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>Clinically successful bowel decompression, as defined by the author, was considered a critical outcome as it identifies the clinical success rate of stent placement compared to emergency surgery. 30-day mortality was also a critical outcome as it indicates the technical success rate of stent deployment. Disease-free survival was a critical outcome for decision making because disease progression suggests ineffective management of the cancer and bowel obstruction, potentially requiring further treatment and affecting overall survival, which was considered an important outcome.</p><p>Length of hospital stay and treatment-related morbidity (including anastomotic leak, perforation rate, surgical site infection, stoma rate and stent failure) were considered important outcomes because they are indicators of technical success of the stent. Quality of life was an important outcome because of the impact that different treatment options can have on patients’ functioning and the potential long term adverse effects.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>Evidence was available for the comparison of stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery. Evidence was available for all of the outcomes. No evidence was available for the comparison of stenting followed by palliative care versus best supportive care alone. The quality of the clinical evidence was assessed using GRADE and varied very low to moderate quality.</p><p>The quality was downgraded due to lack of blinding in all trials, and inconsistency or imprecision for some outcomes. Although median length of hospital stay was reported by several studies but it was not possible to pool these results using meta-analysis.</p><p>An expert witness presented unpublished results of the CReST trial which provided expert evidence for the comparison of stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery. This evidence was assessed using GRADE as moderate quality due to imprecision resulting from the sample size of the trial.</p></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>The recommendations were based on evidence of reduced stoma rates in patients presenting with acute left-sided large bowel obstruction treated with stents compared with those receiving emergency surgery. There was no evidence of a difference in overall or disease-free survival. Potential harms of stenting included perforation, stent failure or failure to achieve technical success and these patients would then require surgery. The committee agreed that stenting was successful for most patients and so the benefits outweighed the harms. This balance was less clear cut for patients to be treated with curative intent who would go on to receive surgery at some point, and for this group the committee recommended both stenting and emergency surgery as options.</p><p>The committee also discussed that stenting allows time to fully assess the patient and stabilise any comorbidities before proceeding with further surgery.</p><p>The yet to be published results of the CReST trial were consistent with the published evidence and supported the recommendation for stenting as an option for those suitable for potentially curative resection.</p><p>Ideally, the decision about whether to offer stenting or emergency surgery should be taken after discussion with relevant specialists (for example colorectal specialist), however, their unavailability should not delay the timely treatment in an emergency situation.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.s1.1.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>A systematic review of the economic literature was conducted but no relevant studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p><p>These recommendations will lead to an increase in stenting as it is not currently established practice for patients with left-sided large bowel obstruction being treated with palliative intent.</p><p>It may also require that patients are transferred to other centres to receive stenting. Stenting however allows patients to be assessed and become stable before surgery reducing operative morbidity and preventing expensive surgery in those individuals where it would not be appropriate. Expert evidence from the CReST trial also highlighted there was a lower rate of stoma. All these would reduce downstream costs and improve quality of life.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.rl.r1"><h4>References</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch11.s1.1.ref1"><p id="p-206">
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<strong>Alcantara 2011</strong>
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</p>Alcantara
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M, Serra-Aracil
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X, Falco
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J, et al. (2011) Prospective, controlled, randomized study of intraoperative colonic lavage versus stent placement in obstructive left-sided colonic cancer. World Journal of Surgery
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<strong>Cheung 2009</strong>
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</p>Cheung
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H, Chung
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C, Tsang
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W, et al. (2009) Endolaparoscopic approach vs conventional open surgery in the treatment of obstructing left-sided colon cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Surgery
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144(12): 1127–32 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20026830" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20026830</span></a>]<br /><a id="ch11.s1.1.ref2b"></a>Tung
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L, et al. (2013) Endo-laparoscopic approach versus conventional open surgery in the treatment of obstructing left-sided colon cancer: long-term follow-up of a randomized trial. Asian journal of Endoscopic Surgery
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<strong>Dutch Stent-In-1 trial</strong>
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J, Fockens
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A, et al. (2008) Early closure of a multicenter randomized clinical trial of endoscopic stenting versus surgery for stage IV left-sided colorectal cancer. Endoscopy
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40(3): 184–191 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18322873" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18322873</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch11.s1.1.ref5"><p id="p-209">
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</p><a id="ch11.s1.1.ref5a"></a>Sloothaak
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D, van den Berg
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M, et al. (2014) Oncological outcome of malignant colonic obstruction in the Dutch Stent-In 2 trial. British Journal of Surgery
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101(13): 1751–1757 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25298250" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25298250</span></a>]<br /><a id="ch11.s1.1.ref5b"></a>van Hooft
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J, Bemelman
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B, et al. (2011) Colonic stenting versus emergency surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: A multicentre randomised trial. Lancet Oncology
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12(4): 344–352 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21398178" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21398178</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch11.s1.1.ref7"><p id="p-210">
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<strong>ESCO trial</strong>
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</p>Arezzo
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A, Balague
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C, Targarona
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E, et al. (2017) Colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery versus emergency surgery for malignant colonic obstruction: results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">ESCO trial</a>). Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques
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31(8): 3297–3305 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27924392" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27924392</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch11.s1.1.ref8"><p id="p-211">
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<strong>Fiori 2004</strong>
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</p>Fiori
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E, Lamazza
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A, De Cesare
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A, et al. (2004) Palliative management of malignant rectosigmoidal obstruction. Colostomy vs. endoscopic stenting. A randomized prospective trial. Anticancer Research
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24(1): 265–268 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15015606" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15015606</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch11.s1.1.ref9"><p id="p-212">
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<strong>Ghazal 2013</strong>
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</p>Ghazal
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A, El-Shazly
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W, Bessa
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S, et al. (2013) Colonic Endolumenal Stenting Devices and Elective Surgery Versus Emergency Subtotal/Total Colectomy in the Management of Malignant Obstructed Left Colon Carcinoma. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery
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17(6): 1123–1129 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23358847" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23358847</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch11.s1.1.ref10"><p id="p-213">
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<strong>Ho 2012</strong>
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</p>Ho
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K, Quah
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H, Lim
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J, et al. (2011) Emergency preoperative stenting versus surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Surgical Endoscopy
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25(6): 1814–1821 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21170659" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21170659</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch11.s1.1.ref11"><p id="p-214">
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<strong>Xinopoulos 2004</strong>
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</p>Xinopoulos
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D, Dimitroulopoulos
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D, Theodosopoulos
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T, et al. (2004) Stenting or stoma creation for patients with inoperable malignant colonic obstructions?
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Results of a study and cost-effectiveness analysis. Surgical Endoscopy
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18(3): 421–426 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14735348" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14735348</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="ch11.s1.1.ref12"><p id="p-215">
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<strong>Young 2015</strong>
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</p>Young
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C, De-Loyde
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K, Young
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J, (2015) Improving Quality of Life for People with Incurable Large-Bowel Obstruction: Randomized Control Trial of Colonic Stent Insertion. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum
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58(9): 838–49 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26252845" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26252845</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup11"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup11_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch11.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocol</h3><div id="ch11.appa.s1"><h4>Review protocol for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p id="ch11.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 3. Review protocol for pharmacological treatments for spasticity</a></p></div></div><div id="ch11.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="ch11.appb.s1"><h4>Literature search strategies for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><div id="ch11.appb.s1.1"><h5>Databases: Embase/Medline</h5><p>Last searched on: 10/01/2019</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch11appbtab1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch11appbtab1" rid-ob="figobch11appbtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appb.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appb.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch11.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appbtab1">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ch11.appb.s1.2"><h5>Database: Cochrane Library</h5><p>Last searched on: 10/01/2019</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch11appbtab2"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch11appbtab2" rid-ob="figobch11appbtab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appb.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appb.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch11.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appbtab2">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div></div><div id="ch11.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch11.appc.s1"><h4>Clinical study selection for: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p id="ch11.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Study selection flow chart</a></p></div></div><div id="ch11.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="ch11.appd.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p id="ch11.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 4. Clinical evidence tables</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 721K)</span></p></div></div><div id="ch11.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch11.appe.s1"><h4>Forest plots for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p id="ch11.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - clinically successful bowel decompression - Palliative intent, stent arm only</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - clinically successful bowel decompression – curative intent, stent arm only</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 4. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - 30-day mortality – Palliative intent</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 5. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - 30-day mortality – Curative intent</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 6. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery – disease free survival (follow up 4 to 5 years) – curative intent</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 7. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - progression free survival (follow–up 3 years) – Curative intent</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig7" class="figpopup">Figure 8. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery – overall survival – follow-up 1 to 5 years</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig8" class="figpopup">Figure 9. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - Anastomotic leak – palliative intent</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig9" class="figpopup">Figure 10. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - Anastomotic leak – curative intent</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig10" class="figpopup">Figure 11. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - Perforation rate - Curative intent, stent arm only</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig11"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig11" class="figpopup">Figure 12. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - surgical site infection – palliative intent</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig12"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig12" class="figpopup">Figure 13. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - surgical site infection – curative intent</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig13"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig13" class="figpopup">Figure 14. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - stoma rate</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig14"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig14" class="figpopup">Figure 15. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - technical success – Palliative intent, stent arm only</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig15"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig15" class="figpopup">Figure 16. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery – technical success – Curative intent, stent arm only</a></p><p id="ch11.appe.fig16"><a href="/books/NBK559925/figure/ch11.appe.fig16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appefig16" class="figpopup">Figure 17. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - stent failure – Curative intent, stent arm only</a></p></div></div><div id="ch11.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="ch11.appf.s1"><h4>GRADE tables for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p id="ch11.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 5. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery</a></p></div></div><div id="ch11.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="ch11.appg.s1"><h4>Economic evidence study selection for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p>A global search of economic evidence was undertaken for all review questions in this guideline. See Supplement 2 for further information.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><div id="ch11.apph.s1"><h4>Economic evidence tables for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Economic evidence profiles</h3><div id="ch11.appi.s1"><h4>Economic evidence profiles for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p>No economic evidence was identified which was applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Economic analysis</h3><div id="ch11.appj.s1"><h4>Economic evidence analysis for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p>No economic analysis was conducted for this review question.</p></div></div><div id="ch11.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch11.appk.s1"><h4>Excluded clinical studies for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p id="ch11.appk.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appktab1" class="figpopup">Table 6. Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</a></p></div></div><div id="ch11.appl"><h3>Appendix L. Research recommendations</h3><div id="ch11.appl.s1"><h4>Research recommendations for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</h4><p>No research recommendations were made for this review question. 6</p></div></div><div id="ch11.appm"><h3>Appendix M. Expert evidence</h3><p id="ch11.appm.et1"><a href="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11-appm-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 7. Expert evidence for review question: What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 198K)</span></p><p id="ch11.appm.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appm.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appmtab2" class="figpopup">Table 8. Gaps addressed and recommendations supported by expert evidence</a></p><p id="ch11.appm.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appm.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appmtab3" class="figpopup">Table 9. Quality assessment of expert evidence – outcomes in the public domain</a></p><p id="ch11.appm.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appm.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch11appmtab4" class="figpopup">Table 10. Quality assessment of expert evidence – redacted outcomes (as yet unpublished)</a></p></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews</p><p>Developed by the National Guideline Alliance part of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK559925</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32730001" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32730001</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch11tab1"><div id="ch11.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch11.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch11.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch11.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Adults with acute large bowel obstruction caused by colorectal cancer or suspected colorectal cancer</p>
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<p>Subgroups:
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<ul id="ch11.l1"><li id="ch11.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>patients treated with curative intent</div></li><li id="ch11.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>patients treated with palliative intent</div></li><li id="ch11.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>right versus left sided</div></li><li id="ch11.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>metastatic versus non-metastatic cancer</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch11.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_ch11.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch11.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_ch11.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch11.l2"><li id="ch11.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Emergency bowel surgery (resection, bypass or stoma)</div></li><li id="ch11.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>Best supportive care alone</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch11.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch11.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical</b>
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<ul id="ch11.l3"><li id="ch11.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically successful bowel decompression (defined by author)</div></li><li id="ch11.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality</div></li><li id="ch11.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disease-free survival</div></li></ul>
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<b>Important</b>
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<ul id="ch11.l4"><li id="ch11.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>Overall survival</div></li><li id="ch11.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch11.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treatment-related morbidity
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<ul id="ch11.l5" class="circle"><li id="ch11.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak</div></li><li id="ch11.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Perforation rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection</div></li><li id="ch11.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stoma rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stent failure (intervention group only)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch11.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Overall quality of life</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">TNM: cancer classification system, standing for tumour, nodal and metastasis stages</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch11tab2"><div id="ch11.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch11.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4" id="hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs in patients treated with palliative intent</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref4" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref4">Dutch Stent-In-1 trial (Van Hooft 2008)</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>The Netherlands</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 21 patients over the age of 18 years with incurable, left-sided colorectal cancer with a tumour that was localised between the splenic flexure and the proximal rectum (distal margin at least 10 cm from the anal verge).</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palliative stenting versus palliative surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<ul id="ch11.l6"><li id="ch11.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality</div></li><li id="ch11.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital stay</div></li></ul>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Terminated early due to high number of serious adverse events in the treatment arm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref8" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref8">Fiori 2004</a>
|
|
</p>
|
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<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 22 patients with advanced unresectable disease, peritoneal carcinomatosis and/or multiple parenchymatous metastatic disease.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palliative stenting versus colostomy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<ul id="ch11.l7"><li id="ch11.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically successful bowel decompression</div></li><li id="ch11.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality</div></li><li id="ch11.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch11.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technically successful stent placement</div></li></ul>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref11" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref11">Xinopoulos 2004</a>
|
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</p>
|
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<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Greece</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 30 patients with partial inoperable malignant colonic obstruction</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palliative stenting versus colostomy</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<ul id="ch11.l8"><li id="ch11.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technically successful stent placement</div></li></ul>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref12" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref12">Young 2015</a>
|
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</p>
|
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<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Australia</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 52 patients ≥18 years who presented with a malignant large bowel obstruction, deemed not curable by surgical intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Palliative stenting versus emergency surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l9"><li id="ch11.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically successful bowel decompression</div></li><li id="ch11.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality</div></li><li id="ch11.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>Overall survival</div></li><li id="ch11.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch11.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak</div></li><li id="ch11.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection</div></li><li id="ch11.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stoma rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technically successful stent placement</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4" id="hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RCTs in patients treated with curative intent</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>
|
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref1">Alcantara 2011</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Spain</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 28 patients over 18 years of age and a diagnosis of complete intestinal obstruction due to tumour in the left colon using an abdominal CT scan</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SBTS versus emergency surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l10"><li id="ch11.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality</div></li><li id="ch11.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch11.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak</div></li><li id="ch11.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection</div></li><li id="ch11.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technically successful stent placement</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suspended early due to excess morbidity in emergency surgery group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref2">Cheung 2009</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref2b" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref2b">Tung 2013</a></p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 48 patients aged >18 years presenting with clinical features of left colonic obstruction found between the splenic flexure and rectosigmoid junction</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SBTS versus emergency surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l11"><li id="ch11.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically successful bowel decompression</div></li><li id="ch11.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality</div></li><li id="ch11.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disease-free survival</div></li><li id="ch11.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>Overall survival</div></li><li id="ch11.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch11.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak</div></li><li id="ch11.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection</div></li><li id="ch11.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stoma rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technically successful stent placement</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref5b" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref5b">Dutch stent-In-2 trial (Van Hooft 2011</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref5a" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref5a">Sloothaak 2014</a>)</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>The Netherlands</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 98 patients aged ≥18 years, had clinical signs of severe left-sided, colonic obstruction that had existed for less than 1 week, and had dilation of the colon on either plain abdominal radiograph, with typical abnormalities on a gastrografin enema study, or contrast-enhanced CT scan.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SBTS versus emergency surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l12"><li id="ch11.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically successful bowel decompression</div></li><li id="ch11.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality</div></li><li id="ch11.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disease-free survival</div></li><li id="ch11.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>Overall survival</div></li><li id="ch11.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak</div></li><li id="ch11.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Perforation rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection</div></li><li id="ch11.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stoma rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technically successful stent placement</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p><a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">ESCO trial</a> (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">Arezzo 2017</a>)</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 115 patients with acute, symptomatic malignant left-sided large-bowel obstruction localised between the splenic flexure and 15 cm from the anal margin, as diagnosed by CT examination in the emergency room</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SBTS versus emergency surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l13"><li id="ch11.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically successful bowel decompression</div></li><li id="ch11.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality</div></li><li id="ch11.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>Progression-free survival</div></li><li id="ch11.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>Overall survival</div></li><li id="ch11.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch11.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak</div></li><li id="ch11.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>Perforation rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection</div></li><li id="ch11.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stoma rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technically successful stent placement</div></li><li id="ch11.lt67" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stent failure</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref9" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref9">Ghazal 2013</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>Egypt</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 60 patients with acute left colonic obstruction confirmed by CT scan of the abdomen</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SBTS versus emergency surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l14"><li id="ch11.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch11.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak</div></li><li id="ch11.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection</div></li><li id="ch11.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technically successful stent placement</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref10" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref10">Ho 2012</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>China</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 60 patients presenting with acute left colonic obstruction confirmed by a computed tomography of the abdomen</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SBTS versus emergency surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l15"><li id="ch11.lt72" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically successful bowel decompression</div></li><li id="ch11.lt73" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality</div></li><li id="ch11.lt74" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch11.lt75" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak</div></li><li id="ch11.lt76" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection</div></li><li id="ch11.lt77" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stoma rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt78" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technically successful stent placement</div></li><li id="ch11.lt79" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stent failure</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pirlet 2011</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>France</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N= 60 patients >18 years, fit for both emergency surgery and colonic stenting, and presenting with obstructive symptoms, dilation of the colon, and typical abnormalities confirmed by water-soluble contrast enema, CT scan, or findings at colonoscopy suggesting left-sided malignant obstruction. Tumour located between (including) the splenic flexure and the rectosigmoid junction</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">SBTS versus emergency surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l16"><li id="ch11.lt80" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically successful bowel decompression</div></li><li id="ch11.lt81" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality</div></li><li id="ch11.lt82" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital stay</div></li><li id="ch11.lt83" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak</div></li><li id="ch11.lt84" class="half_rhythm"><div>Perforation rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt85" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stoma rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt86" class="half_rhythm"><div>Technically successful stent placement</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.tab2_1_1_6_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suspended early due to bowel perforation in the treatment arm</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CT: computed tomography; N: number; N/A: not applicable; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SBTS: stenting as a bridge to surgery</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch11appatab1"><div id="ch11.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Review protocol for pharmacological treatments for spasticity</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch11.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a>)</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To determine the effectiveness of stenting compared with emergency surgery for suspected colorectal cancer causing acute large bowel obstruction.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Adults with acute large bowel obstruction caused by colorectal cancer or suspected colorectal cancer</p>
|
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<p>Subgroups:
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|
<ul id="ch11.l45"><li id="ch11.lt119" class="half_rhythm"><div>patients treated with curative intent</div></li><li id="ch11.lt120" class="half_rhythm"><div>patients treated with palliative intent</div></li><li id="ch11.lt121" class="half_rhythm"><div>right versus left sided</div></li><li id="ch11.lt122" class="half_rhythm"><div>metastatic versus non-metastatic cancer</div></li></ul></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<ul id="ch11.l46"><li id="ch11.lt123" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l47"><li id="ch11.lt124" class="half_rhythm"><div>Emergency bowel surgery (resection, bypass or stoma)</div></li><li id="ch11.lt125" class="half_rhythm"><div>Best supportive care alone</div></li></ul>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical outcomes:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l48"><li id="ch11.lt126" class="half_rhythm"><div>Clinically successful bowel decompression (defined by author) (MID: statistical significance)</div></li><li id="ch11.lt127" class="half_rhythm"><div>30-day mortality (MID: statistical significance)</div></li><li id="ch11.lt128" class="half_rhythm"><div>Disease-free survival [for the curable group only] (MID: statistical significance)</div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Important outcomes:</b>
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l49"><li id="ch11.lt129" class="half_rhythm"><div>Overall survival (MID: statistical significance)</div></li><li id="ch11.lt130" class="half_rhythm"><div>Length of hospital stay (MID: statistical significance)</div></li><li id="ch11.lt131" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treatment-related morbidity (MID: statistical significance)
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l50" class="circle"><li id="ch11.lt132" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak</div></li><li id="ch11.lt133" class="half_rhythm"><div>Perforation rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt134" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical site infection</div></li><li id="ch11.lt135" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stoma rate</div></li><li id="ch11.lt136" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stent failure (intervention group only)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch11.lt137" class="half_rhythm"><div>Overall quality of life measured using validated scales (MID: published MIDs from literature)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Quality of life MIDs from the literature:
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l51"><li id="ch11.lt138" class="half_rhythm"><div>EORTC QLQ-C30: 5 points*</div></li><li id="ch11.lt139" class="half_rhythm"><div>EORTC QLQ-CR29: 5 points*</div></li><li id="ch11.lt140" class="half_rhythm"><div>EORTC QLQ-CR38: 5 points*</div></li><li id="ch11.lt141" class="half_rhythm"><div>EQ-5D: 0.09 using FACT-G quintiles</div></li><li id="ch11.lt142" class="half_rhythm"><div>FACT-C: 5 points*</div></li><li id="ch11.lt143" class="half_rhythm"><div>FACT-G: 5 points*</div></li><li id="ch11.lt144" class="half_rhythm"><div>SF-12: > 3.77 for the mental component summary (MCS) and > 3.29 for the physical component summary (PCS) of the Short Form SF-12 (SF-12)</div></li><li id="ch11.lt145" class="half_rhythm"><div>SF-36: > 7.1 for the physical functioning scale, > 4.9 for the bodily pain scale, and > 7.2 for the physical component summary</div></li></ul>
|
|
*Confirmed with guideline committee.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul id="ch11.l52"><li id="ch11.lt146" class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic reviews of RCTs</div></li><li id="ch11.lt147" class="half_rhythm"><div>RCTs</div></li></ul>
|
|
If RCT evidence for any of the comparisons is not available systematic reviews of cohort studies and cohort studies will be considered.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inclusion:
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l53"><li id="ch11.lt148" class="half_rhythm"><div>English-language</div></li><li id="ch11.lt149" class="half_rhythm"><div>Published full text papers</div></li><li id="ch11.lt150" class="half_rhythm"><div>All settings will be considered that consider medications and treatments available in the UK</div></li><li id="ch11.lt151" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published post-2000</div></li></ul>
|
|
Studies published 2000 onwards will be considered for this review question because the guideline committee considered that evidence prior to 2000 would not be relevant any longer because the use of stents did not take place prior to this date.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For observational studies, multivariate analysis should adjust for the following characteristics:
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l54"><li id="ch11.lt152" class="half_rhythm"><div>Patient characteristics: Age, comorbidities, performance status</div></li><li id="ch11.lt153" class="half_rhythm"><div>Tumour characteristics: Location of tumour, severity of bowel obstruction</div></li><li id="ch11.lt154" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospital characteristics: Caseload, tertiary versus secondary</div></li></ul>
|
|
In case of high heterogeneity, the following factors will be considered:
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l55"><li id="ch11.lt155" class="half_rhythm"><div>Treatment characteristics: Type of stent used</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sifting, data extraction, appraisal of methodological quality and GRADE assessment will be performed by the systematic reviewer. Resolution of any disputes will be with the senior systematic reviewer and the Topic Advisor. Quality control will be performed by the senior systematic reviewer.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pairwise meta-analyses will be performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
|
|
<p>‘GRADEpro’ will be used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
|
|
<p>NGA STAR software will be used for study sifting, data extraction, recording quality assessment using checklists and generating bibliographies/citations.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Potential sources to be searched (to be confirmed by Information Scientist): Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Embase</p>
|
|
<p>Limits (e.g. date, study design):</p>
|
|
<p>Apply standard animal/non-English language exclusion</p>
|
|
<p>Limit to RCTs and systematic reviews in first instance, but download all results</p>
|
|
<p>Dates: post-2000</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gidng10060" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gidng10060</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Developer: NGA</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch11.appb">appendix B</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch11.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch11.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch11.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch11.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Appraisal of methodological quality:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The methodological quality of each study will be assessed using an appropriate checklist:
|
|
<ul id="ch11.l56"><li id="ch11.lt156" class="half_rhythm"><div>ROBIS for systematic reviews</div></li><li id="ch11.lt157" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs</div></li><li id="ch11.lt158" class="half_rhythm"><div>ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies</div></li></ul>
|
|
The quality of the evidence for an outcome (i.e. across studies) will be assessed using GRADE.</p>
|
|
<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis (where suitable)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<b>Synthesis of data:</b>
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</p>
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<p>Pairwise meta-analysis of randomised trials will be conducted where appropriate.</p>
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<p>When meta-analysing continuous data, final and change scores will be pooled if baselines are comparable. If any studies report both, the method used in the majority of studies will be analysed.</p>
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<p><b>Minimally important differences</b>:</p>
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<p>The guideline committee identified statistically significant differences as appropriate indicators for clinical significance for all outcomes except for quality of life for which published MIDs from literature will be used (see outcomes section for more information).</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>If sufficient relevant RCT evidence is available, publication bias will be explored using RevMan software to examine funnel plots.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – Current management</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by The National Guideline Alliance and chaired by Peter Hoskin in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>. Staff from The National Guideline Alliance undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details please see Supplement 1: methods.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds The National Guideline Alliance to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health, and social care in England</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CCTR: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; CDSR: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; DARE: Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; EQ-5D: EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire; EORTC QLQ-C30: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 Items; EORTC QLQ-CR29: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire colorectal cancer module (29 items); EORTC QLQ-CR38: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire colorectal cancer module (38 items); FACT-C: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy questionnaire (colorectal cancer); FACT-G: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy questionnaire (general); GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; HTA: Health Technology Assessment; MID: minimal important difference; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NGA: National Guideline Alliance; NHS: National health service; NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; PRISMA-P: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols; PROSPERO: International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews; RCT: randomised controlled trial; RCT: randomised controlled trial; ROBINS-I: Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies – of Interventions; ROBIS: risk of bias in systematic reviews; SD: standard deviation</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch11appbtab1"><div id="ch11.appb.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch11.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(exp colorectal cancer/ or exp colon tumor/ or exp rectum tumor/) use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp colorectal neoplasms/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((colorect* or colo rect* or colon or colonic or rectal or rectum) adj3 (adenocarcinoma* or cancer* or carcinoma* or malignan* or neoplas* or oncolog* or tumo?r*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-3</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">intestine obstruction/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">colon obstruction/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp intestinal obstruction/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((bowel or colon or colonic or gastrointestin* or intestine or intestinal) adj4 (obstruct* or block* or occlusion)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((adenocarcinoma* or cancer* or carcinoma* or malignan* or neoplas* or oncolog* or tumo?r*) adj4 obstruct*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/5-9</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stents/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stent*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/11-13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 and 10 and 14</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">remove duplicates from 15</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 16 to (yr=“2000 - current” and english language)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Letter/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Editorial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">News/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Historical Article/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comment/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Case Report/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/18-29</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/31-33</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 not 34</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/ use ppez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/ use emez</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/35-47</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 not 48</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch11appbtab2"><div id="ch11.appb.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch11.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Colorectal Neoplasms] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((colorect* or colo rect* or colon or colonic or rectal or rectum) near/3 (adenocarcinoma* or cancer* or carcinoma* or malignan* or neoplas* or oncolog* or tumo*r*)):ti,ab,kw</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 or #2</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Intestinal Obstruction] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((bowel or colon or colonic or gastrointestin* or intestine or intestinal) near/3 (obstruct* or block* or occlusion)):ti,ab,kw</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((adenocarcinoma* or cancer* or carcinoma* or malignan* or neoplas* or oncolog* or tumo*r*) near/3 obstruct*):ti,ab,kw</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#4 or #5 or #6</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [Stents] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(stent*):ti,ab,kw</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#8 or #9</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#3 and #7 and #10 with Cochrane Library publication date Between Jan 2000 and Jan 2019</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appcfig1"><div id="ch11.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Study%20selection%20flow%20chart.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Study selection flow chart." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Study selection flow chart</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig1"><div id="ch11.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20clinically%20successful%20bowel%20decompression%20-%20Palliative%20intent%2C%20stent%20arm%20only.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - clinically successful bowel decompression - Palliative intent, stent arm only." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - clinically successful bowel decompression - Palliative intent, stent arm only</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>RE: random effect</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig2"><div id="ch11.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20clinically%20successful%20bowel%20decompression%20%02013%20curative%20intent%2C%20stent%20arm%20only.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - clinically successful bowel decompression – curative intent, stent arm only." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - clinically successful bowel decompression – curative intent, stent arm only</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>RE: random effect</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig3"><div id="ch11.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%2030-day%20mortality%20%02013%20Palliative%20intent.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - 30-day mortality – Palliative intent." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - 30-day mortality – Palliative intent</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig4"><div id="ch11.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%2030-day%20mortality%20%02013%20Curative%20intent.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - 30-day mortality – Curative intent." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - 30-day mortality – Curative intent</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig5"><div id="ch11.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20%02013%20disease%20free%20survival%20(follow%20up%204%20to%205%20years)%20%02013%20curative%20intent.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery – disease free survival (follow up 4 to 5 years) – curative intent." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery – disease free survival (follow up 4 to 5 years) – curative intent</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; IV: inverse variance</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig6"><div id="ch11.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20progression%20free%20survival%20(follow%02013up%203%20years)%20%02013%20Curative%20intent.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - progression free survival (follow–up 3 years) – Curative intent." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - progression free survival (follow–up 3 years) – Curative intent</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; IV: inverse variance; SE: standard error</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig7"><div id="ch11.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20%02013%20overall%20survival%20%02013%20follow-up%201%20to%205%20years.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery – overall survival – follow-up 1 to 5 years." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery – overall survival – follow-up 1 to 5 years</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; IV: inverse variance; SE: standard error</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig8"><div id="ch11.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20Anastomotic%20leak%20%02013%20palliative%20intent.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - Anastomotic leak – palliative intent." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - Anastomotic leak – palliative intent</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig9"><div id="ch11.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20Anastomotic%20leak%20%02013%20curative%20intent.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - Anastomotic leak – curative intent." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - Anastomotic leak – curative intent</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig10"><div id="ch11.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20Perforation%20rate%20-%20Curative%20intent%2C%20stent%20arm%20only.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - Perforation rate - Curative intent, stent arm only." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - Perforation rate - Curative intent, stent arm only</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>RE: random effect</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig11"><div id="ch11.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20surgical%20site%20infection%20%02013%20palliative%20intent.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - surgical site infection – palliative intent." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - surgical site infection – palliative intent</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval;</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig12"><div id="ch11.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20surgical%20site%20infection%20%02013%20curative%20intent.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef12.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - surgical site infection – curative intent." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - surgical site infection – curative intent</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig13"><div id="ch11.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2014.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20stoma%20rate.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef13.jpg" alt="Figure 14. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - stoma rate." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 14</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - stoma rate</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>CI: confidence interval; M-H: Mantel-Haenszel</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig14"><div id="ch11.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2015.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20technical%20success%20%02013%20Palliative%20intent%2C%20stent%20arm%20only.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef14.jpg" alt="Figure 15. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - technical success – Palliative intent, stent arm only." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 15</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - technical success – Palliative intent, stent arm only</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>RE: random effect</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig15"><div id="ch11.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2016.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20%02013%20technical%20success%20%02013%20Curative%20intent%2C%20stent%20arm%20only.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef15.jpg" alt="Figure 16. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery – technical success – Curative intent, stent arm only." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 16</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery – technical success – Curative intent, stent arm only</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>RE: random effect</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch11appefig16"><div id="ch11.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2017.%20Comparison%201%3A%20Stenting%20followed%20by%20planned%20bowel%20resection%20or%20palliative%20care%20versus%20emergency%20surgery%20-%20stent%20failure%20%02013%20Curative%20intent%2C%20stent%20arm%20only.&p=BOOKS&id=559925_ch11appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK559925/bin/ch11appef16.jpg" alt="Figure 17. Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - stent failure – Curative intent, stent arm only." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 17</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery - stent failure – Curative intent, stent arm only</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>RE: random effect</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch11appftab1"><div id="ch11.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Comparison 1: Stenting followed by planned bowel resection or palliative care versus emergency surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch11.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Stenting + planned bowel resection or palliative care</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Emergency bowel surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinically successful bowel decompression, stent arm only - Palliative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious inconsistency<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>30/37</p>
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<p>(81.1%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk 0.84 (0.43 to 0.97)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">840 per 1000 (from 430 to 970)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinically successful bowel decompression, stent arm only - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious inconsistency<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>123/177</p>
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<p>(69.5%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Risk 0.69</p>
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<p>(0.53 to 0.82)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">690 per 1000 (from 530 to 820)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30-day mortality - Palliative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious inconsistency<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>4/48</p>
|
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<p>(8.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>4/47</p>
|
|
<p>(8.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD −0.00 (−0.12 to 0.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 120 fewer to 120 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30-day mortality - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>9/168</p>
|
|
<p>(5.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/172</p>
|
|
<p>(5.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 0.92 (0.36 to 2.34)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 fewer per 1000 (from 34 fewer to 63 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Disease free survival, event is disease recurrence or death from any cause (follow-up 4 to 5 years) - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22/50</p>
|
|
<p>(44%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/56</p>
|
|
<p>(29%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HR 0.56 (0.29 to 1.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 4 years ES 28.1%<sup>b</sup>, SBTS 57.2% (27.4% to 78.6%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3-year progression free survival, event is disease recurrence or relapse or death from any cause – Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/56</p>
|
|
<p>(30%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/59</p>
|
|
<p>(20%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HR 0.95 (0.45 to 2.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 3 years ES 20.3%<sup>c</sup>, SBTS 22% (4.2% to 48.8%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1-year overall survival, event is death from any cause - Palliative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/26</p>
|
|
<p>(65%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>19/26</p>
|
|
<p>(73%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HR 0.84 (0.44 to 1.6)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 1 year ES 73.1%<sup>d</sup>, stenting 76.8% (60.5% to 87.1%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5-year overall survival, event is death from any cause - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12/24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16/24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HR 0.51 (0.24 to 1.08)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 5 years ES 67%<sup>a</sup>, SBTS 81.5% (64.9% to 90.8%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4-year overall survival, event is death from any cause - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10/26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10/32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HR 0.72 (0.3 to 1.73)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 4 years ES 31.3%<sup>b</sup>, SBTS 43.3% (13.4% to 70%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3-year overall survival, event is death from any cause - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18/56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16/59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">HR 1.00 (0.51 to 1.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At 3 years ES 27.1%<sup>c</sup>, SBTS 27.2% (7.7% to 51.4%)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay - Palliative intent - <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref8" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref8">Fiori 2004</a></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=15</p>
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|
<p>Median= 2.6</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>N=13</p>
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|
<p>Median= 8.1</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">p<0.0001</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not assessable<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay - Palliative intent - <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref4" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref4">Dutch Stent-In-1 trial (Van Hooft 2008)</a></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=11</p>
|
|
<p>Median=12</p>
|
|
<p>Range=7-19</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=10</p>
|
|
<p>Median=11</p>
|
|
<p>Range=6.25-17.25</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">p=0.46</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not assessable<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay - Palliative intent - <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref12" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref12">Young 2015</a></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=26</p>
|
|
<p>Median=7</p>
|
|
<p>Range=3-12</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=26</p>
|
|
<p>Median=11</p>
|
|
<p>Range=8-17</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">p=0.03</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not assessable<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay - Curative intent - <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref1">Alcantara 2011</a></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=15</p>
|
|
<p>Median=13</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=13</p>
|
|
<p>Median=10</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">p=0.105</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not assessable<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay - Curative intent - <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref2">Cheung 2009</a></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=24</p>
|
|
<p>Median=13.5</p>
|
|
<p>Range=7-29</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=24</p>
|
|
<p>Median=14</p>
|
|
<p>Range=7-55</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">p=0.7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not assessable<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay - Curative intent - <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">ESCO trial</a> (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">Arezzo 2017</a>)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=56</p>
|
|
<p>Median=10</p>
|
|
<p>Range=7-13</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=59</p>
|
|
<p>Median=11</p>
|
|
<p>Range=8-15</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not assessable<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay - Curative intent - <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref9" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref9">Ghazal 2013</a></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=30</p>
|
|
<p>Median=13</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=30</p>
|
|
<p>Median=8</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">p=0.102</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not assessable<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay - Curative intent - <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref10" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref10">Ho 2012</a></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=20</p>
|
|
<p>Median=6</p>
|
|
<p>Range=4-28</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=19</p>
|
|
<p>Median=8</p>
|
|
<p>Range=6-39</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">p=0.028</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not assessable<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay - Curative intent - Pirlet 2011</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=30</p>
|
|
<p>Median=23</p>
|
|
<p>Range=9-67</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=30</p>
|
|
<p>Median=17 (7-126)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">p=0.13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">not assessable<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anastomotic leak - Palliative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/26</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/26</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RD 0.00 (−0.07 to 0.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 more per 1000 (from 7 fewer to 7 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anastomotic leak - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/221</p>
|
|
<p>(5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/226</p>
|
|
<p>(5.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 0.92 (0.40 to 2.13)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 fewer per 1000 (from 29 fewer to 49 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perforation rate, stent arm only - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>13/133</p>
|
|
<p>(9.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk 0.10 (0.06 to 0.17)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">100 per 1000 (from 60 to 170)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_43_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical site infection - Palliative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/26</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/26</p>
|
|
<p>(3.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 0.14 (0.00 to 6.82)<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 fewer per 1000 (from 38 fewer to 176 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_45_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical site infection - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/191</p>
|
|
<p>(7.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>35/196</p>
|
|
<p>(17.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.4 (0.22 to 0.71)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">107 fewer per 1000 (from 52 fewer to 139 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_47_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stoma rate - Palliative intent - Postprocedure</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/26</p>
|
|
<p>(26.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24/26</p>
|
|
<p>(92.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.29 (0.15 to 0.55)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">655 fewer per 1000 (from 415 fewer to 785 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_49_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stoma rate - Curative intent - Postprocedure</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>50/153</p>
|
|
<p>(32.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>84/159</p>
|
|
<p>(52.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.62 (0.48 to 0.81)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">201 fewer per 1000 (from 100 fewer to 275 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_51_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stoma rate - Curative intent - At last follow up</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>37/147</p>
|
|
<p>(25.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>57/153</p>
|
|
<p>(37.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.70 (0.51 to 0.94)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112 fewer per 1000 (from 22 fewer to 183 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_53_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Technically successful stent placement, stent arm only - Palliative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious inconsistency<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>44/52</p>
|
|
<p>(84.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk 0.86 (0.61 to 0.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">860 per 1000 (from 610 to 960)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_55_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Technically successful stent placement, stent arm only - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>4</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious inconsistency<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>174/222</p>
|
|
<p>(78.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk 0.69 (0.66 to 0.72)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">690 per 1000 (from 660 to 720)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VERY LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_57_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stent failure, stent arm only - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious inconsistency<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/76</p>
|
|
<p>(15.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk 0.18 (0.06 to 0.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">180 per 1000 (from 60 to 440)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_59_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life - Palliative intent - EQ-5D change score, change from baseline to 1 year (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.26 higher (0.05 to 0.47 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_61_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Quality of life - Curative intent - EORTC-C30 QL2 subscale, change from baseline to 6-months (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 10.1 higher (1.87 to 18.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appf.tab1_1_1_63_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; EQ-5D: EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire: ES: emergency surgery; HR: hazard ratio; MD: mean difference: N: number; OR: odds ratio; RD: risk difference; RR: relative risk; SBTS: stenting as a bridge to surgery</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Quality of evidence downgraded by 1 due to moderate-high heterogeneity (I2 > 40%)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Quality of evidence downgraded by 1 due to indirectness of the study population - 6/30 (20%) patients had ovarian cancer (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref11" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref11">Xinopoulos 2004</a>); 12/52 (23%) patients had non-colorectal cancer primaries (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref12" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref12">Young 2015</a>)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Quality of evidence downgraded by 1 because of imprecision of the effect estimate (< 300 events for dichotomous outcomes or < 400 patients for continuous outcomes)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_4"><p class="no_margin">Quality of evidence downgraded by 1 due to failure to report random sequence generation procedure, unclear how attrition was managed, outcomes not pre-specified (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref1">Alcantara 2011</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref8" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref8">Fiori 2004</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref9" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref9">Ghazal 2013</a>; <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref11" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref11">Xinopoulos 2004</a>)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_5"><p class="no_margin">Quality of evidence downgraded by 1 because interim safety analyses and termination procedure not determined a priori (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref1" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref1">Alcantara 2011</a>)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_6"><p class="no_margin">Quality of evidence downgraded by 1 due to 69% attrition from original sample (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref5a" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref5a">Dutch Stent-In-2-Trial [Sloothaak 2014]</a>)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_7"><p class="no_margin">Peto OR used due to zero events in one arm</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_8"><p class="no_margin">Not calculable because of 0 events in both arms</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_9"><p class="no_margin">Quality of evidence downgraded by 1 because lack of blinding could have affected quality of life outcomes (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref5b" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref5b">Dutch Stent-In-2 trial [Van Hooft 2011]</a>)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_10"><p class="no_margin">The absolute risk at 5 years in the control group taken from <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref2" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref2">Cheung 2009</a> (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref2b" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref2b">Tung 2013</a>)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_11"><p class="no_margin">The absolute risk at 4 years in the control group taken from the <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref5a" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref5a">Dutch Stent-In-2 trial (Sloothaak 2014)</a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_12"><p class="no_margin">The absolute risk at 3 years in the control group taken from the <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">ESCO trial</a> (<a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref7" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref7">Arezzo 2017</a>)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>d</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appf.tab1_13"><p class="no_margin">The absolute risk at 1 year in the control group taken from the <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref12" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref12">Young 2015</a></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch11appktab1"><div id="ch11.appk.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch11.appk.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Abelson
|
|
J. S., Yeo
|
|
H. L., Mao
|
|
J., Milsom
|
|
J. W., Sedrakyan
|
|
A., Long-term postprocedural outcomes of palliative emergency stenting vs stoma in malignant large-bowel obstruction, JAMA Surgery, 152, 429–435, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5831448/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5831448</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28097296" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28097296</span></a>]
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ahn
|
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H. J., Kim
|
|
S. W., Lee
|
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S. W., Lim
|
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C. H., Kim
|
|
J. S., Cho
|
|
Y. K., Park
|
|
J. M., Lee
|
|
I. S., Choi
|
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M. G., Long-term outcomes of palliation for unresectable colorectal cancer obstruction in patients with good performance status: endoscopic stent versus surgery, Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques, 30, 4765–4775, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26895922" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26895922</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Allaix
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M. E., Arezzo
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A., Balague
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C., Targarona
|
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E. M., Morino
|
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M., Esco trial: colonic stent versus emergency surgery in malignant colonic occlusion, an interim report, European surgical research., 45, 210â□□211, 2010
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Allievi
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N., Ceresoli
|
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M., Fugazzola
|
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P., Montori
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G., Coccolini
|
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F., Ansaloni
|
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L., Endoscopic Stenting as Bridge to Surgery versus Emergency Resection for Left-Sided Malignant Colorectal Obstruction: An Updated Meta-Analysis, International journal of surgical oncology, 2017, 2863272, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5516723/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5516723</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28761765" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28761765</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance. All studies individually included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Amelung
|
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F. J., Burghgraef
|
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T. A., Tanis
|
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P. J., van Hooft
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J. E., ter Borg
|
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F., Siersema
|
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P. D., Bemelman
|
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W. A., Consten
|
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E. C. J., Critical appraisal of oncological safety of stent as bridge to surgery in left-sided obstructing colon cancer; a systematic review and meta-analysis, Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 131, 66–75, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30293707" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30293707</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Amelung
|
|
F. J., de Beaufort
|
|
H. W. L., Siersema
|
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P. D., Verheijen
|
|
P. M., Consten
|
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E. C. J., Emergency resection versus bridge to surgery with stenting in patients with acute right-sided colonic obstruction: a systematic review focusing on mortality and morbidity rates, International journal of colorectal disease, 30, 1147–1155, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25935448" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25935448</span></a>]
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Amelung
|
|
F. J., Draaisma
|
|
W. A., Consten
|
|
E. C. J., Siersema
|
|
P. D., ter Borg
|
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F., Self-expandable metal stent placement versus emergency resection for malignant proximal colon obstructions, Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, 31, 4532–4541, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28409374" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28409374</span></a>]
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Amelung
|
|
F. J., Draaisma
|
|
W. A., Consten
|
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E. C. J., Siersema
|
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P. D., Ter Borg
|
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F. J., A case-matched comparative study of self-expandable metal stent placement and emergency resection in the management of proximal colonic obstructions, Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, 31 (2 Supplement 1), S362, 2017
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Amelung
|
|
F. J., ter Borg
|
|
F., Consten
|
|
E. C. J., Siersema
|
|
P. D., Draaisma
|
|
W. A., Deviating colostomy construction versus stent placement as bridge to surgery for malignant left-sided colonic obstruction, Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques, 30, 5345â□□5355, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27071927" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27071927</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Angenete
|
|
E., Asplund
|
|
D., Bergstrom
|
|
M., Park
|
|
P. O., Stenting for colorectal cancer obstruction compared to surgery-a study of consecutive patients in a single institution, International journal of colorectal disease, 27, 665â□□670, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22124678" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22124678</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Arezzo
|
|
A., Passera
|
|
R., Lo Secco
|
|
G., Verra
|
|
M., Bonino
|
|
M. A., Targarona
|
|
E., Morino
|
|
M., Stent as bridge to surgery for left-sided malignant colonic obstruction reduces adverse events and stoma rate compared with emergency surgery: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 86, 416–426, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28392363" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28392363</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Atukorale
|
|
Y. N., Church
|
|
J. L., Hoggan
|
|
B. L., Lambert
|
|
R. S., Gurgacz
|
|
S. L., Goodall
|
|
S., Maddern
|
|
G. J., Self-Expanding Metallic Stents for the Management of Emergency Malignant Large Bowel Obstruction: a Systematic Review, Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, 20, 455–462, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26501483" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26501483</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Baik
|
|
S. H., Kim
|
|
N. K., Cho
|
|
H. W., Lee
|
|
K. Y., Sohn
|
|
S. K., Cho
|
|
C. H., Kim
|
|
T. I., Kim
|
|
W. H., Clinical outcomes of metallic stent insertion for obstructive colorectal cancer, Hepato-Gastroenterology, 53, 183–187, 2006 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16608020" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16608020</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bergstrom
|
|
M., Stolt
|
|
R., Cikota
|
|
P., Ahlen
|
|
R., Park
|
|
P. O., Inflammatory response to acute treatment of colonic obstruction due to colorectal malignancy, comparing colonic stenting and surgery, Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques, 32 (1 Supplement 1), S207, 2018
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract; retrospective cohort study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Breitenstein
|
|
S., Rickenbacher
|
|
A., Berdajs
|
|
D., Puhan
|
|
M., Clavien
|
|
P. A., Demartines
|
|
N., Systematic evaluation of surgical strategies for acute malignant left-sided colonic obstruction, British journal of surgery, 94, 1451–1460, 2007 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17968980" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17968980</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Carne
|
|
P. W. G., Frye
|
|
J. N. R., Robertson
|
|
G. M., Frizelle
|
|
F. A., Stents or open operation for palliation of colorectal cancer: A retrospective, cohort study of perioperative outcome and long-term survival, Diseases of the colon and rectum, 47, 1455–1461, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15486741" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15486741</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cennamo
|
|
V., Luigiano
|
|
C., Coccolini
|
|
F., Fabbri
|
|
C., Bassi
|
|
M., De Caro
|
|
G., Ceroni
|
|
L., Maimone
|
|
A., Ravelli
|
|
P., Ansaloni
|
|
L., Meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing endoscopic stenting and surgical decompression for colorectal cancer obstruction, International journal of colorectal disease, 28, 855–863, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23151813" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23151813</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cennamo
|
|
V., Luigiano
|
|
C., Manes
|
|
G., Zagari
|
|
R. M., Ansaloni
|
|
L., Fabbri
|
|
C., Ceroni
|
|
L., Catena
|
|
F., Pinna
|
|
A. D., Fuccio
|
|
L., et al.,, Colorectal stenting as a bridge to surgery reduces morbidity and mortality in left-sided malignant obstruction: a predictive risk score-based comparative study, Digestive and liver disease, 44, 508â□□514, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22265809" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22265809</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ceresoli
|
|
M., Allievi
|
|
N., Coccolini
|
|
F., Montori
|
|
G., Fugazzola
|
|
P., Pisano
|
|
M., Sartelli
|
|
M., Catena
|
|
F., Ansaloni
|
|
L., Long-term oncologic outcomes of stent as a bridge to surgery versus emergency surgery in malignant left side colonic obstructions: A meta-analysis, Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 8, 867–876, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5674262/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5674262</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29184691" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29184691</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Choi
|
|
J. M., Lee
|
|
C., Han
|
|
Y. M., Lee
|
|
M., Choi
|
|
Y. H., Jang
|
|
D. K., Im
|
|
J. P., Kim
|
|
S. G., Kim
|
|
J. S., Jung
|
|
H. C., Long-term oncologic outcomes of endoscopic stenting as a bridge to surgery for malignant colonic obstruction: Comparison with emergency surgery, Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, 28, 2649–2655, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24789126" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24789126</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cirocchi
|
|
R., Farinella
|
|
E., Trastulli
|
|
S., Desiderio
|
|
J., Listorti
|
|
C., Boselli
|
|
C., Parisi
|
|
A., Noya
|
|
G., Sagar
|
|
J., Safety and efficacy of endoscopic colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery in the management of intestinal obstruction due to left colon and rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Surgical OncologySurg Oncol, 22, 14–21, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23183301" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23183301</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Consolo
|
|
P., Giacobbe
|
|
G., Cintolo
|
|
M., Tortora
|
|
A., Fama
|
|
F., Gioffre-Florio
|
|
M., Pallio
|
|
S., Colonic acute malignant obstructions: Effectiveness of self-expanding metallic stent as bridge to surgery, Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 28, 40–45, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28007677" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28007677</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Crespi-Mir
|
|
A., Romero-Marcos
|
|
J. M., de la Llave-Serralvo
|
|
A., Dolz-Abadia
|
|
C., Cifuentes-Rodenas
|
|
J. A., Impact on surgical and oncological results of the use of colonic stents as a bridge to surgery for potentially curable occlusive colorectal neoplasms, Cirugia espanola, 96, 419–428, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29669684" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29669684</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cui
|
|
J., Zhang
|
|
J. L., Wang
|
|
S., Sun
|
|
Z. Q., Jiang
|
|
X. L., A preliminary study of stenting followed by laparoscopic surgery for obstructing left-sided colon cancer, Zhonghua wei chang wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of gastrointestinal surgery], 14, 40â□□43, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21271379" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21271379</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article in Chinese</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Currie
|
|
A., Christmas
|
|
C., Aldean
|
|
H., Mobasheri
|
|
M., Bloom
|
|
I. T. M., Systematic review of self-expanding stents in the management of benign colorectal obstruction, Colorectal Disease, 16, 239–245, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24033989" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24033989</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dastur
|
|
J. K., Forshaw
|
|
M. J., Modarai
|
|
B., Solkar
|
|
M. M., Raymond
|
|
T., Parker
|
|
M. C., Comparison of short-and long-term outcomes following either insertion of self-expanding metallic stents or emergency surgery in malignant large bowel obstruction, Techniques in Coloproctology, 12, 51–55, 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18512013" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18512013</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
De Ceglie
|
|
A., Filiberti
|
|
R., Baron
|
|
T. H., Ceppi
|
|
M., Conio
|
|
M., A meta-analysis of endoscopic stenting as bridge to surgery versus emergency surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction, Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 88, 387–403, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23845505" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23845505</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Faragher
|
|
I. G., Chaitowitz
|
|
I. M., Stupart
|
|
D. A., Long-term results of palliative stenting or surgery for incurable obstructing colon cancer, Colorectal disease, 10, 668–672, 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18266885" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18266885</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Finlayson
|
|
A., Hulme-Moir
|
|
M., Palliative colonic stenting: a safe alternative to surgery in stage IV colorectal cancer, ANZ Journal of Surgery, 86, 773–777, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25143253" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25143253</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fiori
|
|
E., Lamazza
|
|
A., Schillaci
|
|
A., Femia
|
|
S., Demasi
|
|
E., Decesare
|
|
A., Sterpetti
|
|
A. V., Palliative management for patients with subacute obstruction and stage IV unresectable rectosigmoid cancer: Colostomy versus endoscopic stenting: Final results of a prospective randomized trial, American Journal of Surgery, 204, 321–326, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22575396" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22575396</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow up study of <a class="bibr" href="#ch11.s1.1.ref8" rid="ch11.s1.1.ref8">Fiori 2004</a> (included in review), outcomes not relevant</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Flor-Lorente
|
|
B., Báguena, G., Frasson
|
|
M., García-Granero
|
|
A., Cervantes
|
|
A., Sanchiz
|
|
V., Peña, A., Espí, A., Esclapez
|
|
P., García-Granero
|
|
E., Self-expanding metallic stent as a bridge to surgery in the treatment of left colon cancer obstruction: cost-benefit analysis and oncologic results, Cirugia espanola, 95, 143â□□151, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28336185" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28336185</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Foo
|
|
C. C., Poon
|
|
S. H. T., Chiu
|
|
R. H. Y., Lam
|
|
W. Y., Cheung
|
|
L. C., Law
|
|
W. L., Is bridge to surgery stenting a safe alternative to emergency surgery in malignant colonic obstruction: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials, Surgical Endoscopy., 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30341649" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30341649</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Formisano
|
|
V., Di Muria
|
|
A., Connola
|
|
G., Cione
|
|
G., Falco
|
|
L., De Angelis
|
|
C. P., Angrisani
|
|
L., Our experience in the management of obstructing colorectal cancer, Annali italiani di chirurgia, 85, 563–568, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25711439" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25711439</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Article in Italian</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Frago
|
|
R., Ramirez
|
|
E., Millan
|
|
M., Kreisler
|
|
E., Del Valle
|
|
E., Biondo
|
|
S., Current management of acute malignant large bowel obstruction: A systematic review, American journal of surgery, 207, 127–138, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24124659" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24124659</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gianotti
|
|
L., Tamini
|
|
N., Nespoli
|
|
L., Rota
|
|
M., Bolzonaro
|
|
E., Frego
|
|
R., Redaelli
|
|
A., Antolini
|
|
L., Ardito
|
|
A., Nespoli
|
|
A., Dinelli
|
|
M., A prospective evaluation of short-term and long-term results from colonic stenting for palliation or as a bridge to elective operation versus immediate surgery for large-bowel obstruction, Surgical endoscopy, 27, 832–42, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23052501" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23052501</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gibor
|
|
U., Perry
|
|
Z. H., Tirosh
|
|
D., Netz
|
|
U., Rosental
|
|
A., Fich
|
|
A., Man
|
|
S., Ariad
|
|
S., Kirshtein
|
|
B., Comparison of the long-term oncological outcomes of stent as a bridge to surgery and surgery alone in malignant colonic obstruction, Israel Medical Association Journal, 19, 736–740, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29235734" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29235734</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gorissen
|
|
K. J., Tuynman
|
|
J. B., Fryer
|
|
E., Wang
|
|
L., Uberoi
|
|
R., Jones
|
|
O. M., Cunningham
|
|
C., Lindsey
|
|
I., Local recurrence after stenting for obstructing left-sided colonic cancer, British journal of surgery, 100, 1805–1809, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24227368" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24227368</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Guo
|
|
M. G., Feng
|
|
Y., Liu
|
|
J. Z., Zheng
|
|
Q., Di
|
|
J. Z., Wang
|
|
Y., Fan
|
|
Y. B., Huang
|
|
X. Y., Factors associated with mortality risk for malignant colonic obstruction in elderly patients, BMC Gastroenterology, 14 (1) (no pagination), 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3998070/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3998070</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24735084" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24735084</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Guo
|
|
M. G., Feng
|
|
Y., Zheng
|
|
Q., Di
|
|
J. Z., Wang
|
|
Y., Fan
|
|
Y. B., Huang
|
|
X. Y., Comparison of self-expanding metal stents and urgent surgery for left-sided malignant colonic obstruction in elderly patients, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 56, 2706–2710, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21442324" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21442324</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Han
|
|
J. P., Hong
|
|
S. J., Kim
|
|
S. H., Choi
|
|
J. H., Jung
|
|
H. J., Cho
|
|
Y. H., Ko
|
|
B. M., Lee
|
|
M. S., Palliative self-expandable metal stents for acute malignant colorectal obstruction: Clinical outcomes and risk factors for complications, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 49, 967–973, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24874189" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24874189</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; comparison not relevant, both arms received stents; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hanabata
|
|
N., Sasaki
|
|
Y., Kanazawa
|
|
K., Igarashi
|
|
S., Hasui
|
|
K., Shimaya
|
|
K., Numao
|
|
H., Munakata
|
|
M., Fukuda
|
|
S., A comparative study on efficacy of chemotherapy after endoscopic colonic stenting vs. That after colonic surgery in the management of obstructive colorectal cancer, United European Gastroenterology Journal, 5 (5 Supplement 1), A557, 2017
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Haraguchi
|
|
N., Ikeda
|
|
M., Miyake
|
|
M., Yamada
|
|
T., Sakakibara
|
|
Y., Mita
|
|
E., Doki
|
|
Y., Mori
|
|
M., Sekimoto
|
|
M., Colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer: advantages and disadvantages, Surgery Today, 46, 1310–1317, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27048552" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27048552</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Horesh
|
|
N., Dux
|
|
J. Y., Nadler
|
|
M., Lang
|
|
A., Zmora
|
|
O., Shacham-Shmueli
|
|
E., Gutman
|
|
M., Shapiro
|
|
R., Stenting in malignant colonic obstruction-is it a real therapeutic option?, International journal of colorectal disease, 31, 131–135, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26315014" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26315014</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Huang
|
|
X., Lv
|
|
B., Zhang
|
|
S., Meng
|
|
L., Preoperative Colonic Stents Versus Emergency Surgery for Acute Left-Sided Malignant Colonic Obstruction: A Meta-analysis, Journal of gastrointestinal surgery, 18, 584–591, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24170606" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24170606</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kang
|
|
S. I., Oh
|
|
H. K., Yoo
|
|
J. S., Ahn
|
|
S., Kim
|
|
M. H., Son
|
|
I. T., Kim
|
|
D. W., Kang
|
|
S. B., Park
|
|
Y. S., Yoon
|
|
C. J., Shin
|
|
R., Heo
|
|
S. C., Lee
|
|
I. T., Youk
|
|
E. G., Kim
|
|
M. J., Chang
|
|
T. Y., Park
|
|
S. C., Sohn
|
|
D. K., Oh
|
|
J. H., Park
|
|
J. W., Ryoo
|
|
S. B., Jeong
|
|
S. Y., Park
|
|
K. J., Oncologic outcomes of preoperative stent insertion first versus immediate surgery for obstructing left-sided colorectal cancer, Surgical Oncology, 27, 216–224, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29937174" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29937174</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Karoui
|
|
M., Charachon
|
|
A., Delbaldo
|
|
C., Loriau
|
|
J., Laurent
|
|
A., Sobhani
|
|
I., Tran Van Nhieu
|
|
J., Delchier
|
|
J. C., Fagniez
|
|
P. L., Piedbois
|
|
P., Cherqui
|
|
D., Stents for palliation of obstructive metastatic colon cancer: Impact on management and chemotherapy administration, Archives of Surgery, 142, 619–623, 2007 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17638798" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17638798</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Karoui
|
|
M., Soprani
|
|
A., Charachon
|
|
A., Delbaldo
|
|
C., Vigano
|
|
L., Luciani
|
|
A., Cherqui
|
|
D., Primary chemotherapy with or without colonic stent for management of irresectable stage IV colorectal cancer, European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 36, 58–64, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19926243" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19926243</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kavanagh
|
|
D. O., Nolan
|
|
B., Judge
|
|
C., Hyland
|
|
J. M. P., Mulcahy
|
|
H. E., O’Connell
|
|
P. R., Winter
|
|
D. C., Doherty
|
|
G. A., A comparative study of short- and medium-term outcomes comparing emergent surgery and stenting as a bridge to surgery in patients with acute malignant colonic obstruction, Diseases of the colon and rectum, 56, 433–440, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23478610" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23478610</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Khot
|
|
U. P., Wenk Lang
|
|
A., Murali
|
|
K., Parker
|
|
M. C., Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of colorectal stents, British journal of surgery, 89, 1096–1102, 2002 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12190673" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12190673</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kim
|
|
H. H., Kim
|
|
H. K., Cho
|
|
S. H., Huh
|
|
J. W., Rhyu
|
|
S. Y., Kim
|
|
H. R., Kim
|
|
D. Y., Kim
|
|
Y. J., Ju
|
|
J. K., Usefulness of self-expandable metallic stents for malignant colon obstruction, Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology, 25, 113–116, 2009
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unavailable from the British Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kim
|
|
H. J., Choi
|
|
G. S., Park
|
|
J. S., Park
|
|
S. Y., Jun
|
|
S. H., Higher rate of perineural invasion in stent-laparoscopic approach in comparison to emergent open resection for obstructing left-sided colon cancer, International journal of colorectal disease, 28, 407â□□414, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22885839" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22885839</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kim
|
|
H. J., Huh
|
|
J. W., Kang
|
|
W. S., Kim
|
|
C. H., Lim
|
|
S. W., Joo
|
|
Y. E., Kim
|
|
H. R., Kim
|
|
Y. J., Oncologic safety of stent as bridge to surgery compared to emergency radical surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer obstruction, Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, 27, 3121–3128, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23436100" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23436100</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kim
|
|
J. S., Hur
|
|
H., Min
|
|
B. S., Sohn
|
|
S. K., Cho
|
|
C. H., Kim
|
|
N. K., Oncologic outcomes of self-expanding metallic stent insertion as a bridge to surgery in the management of left-sided colon cancer obstruction: Comparison with nonobstructing elective surgery, World journal of surgery, 33, 1281–1286, 2009 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19363580" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19363580</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kim
|
|
M. K., Kye
|
|
B. H., Lee
|
|
I. K., Oh
|
|
S. T., Ahn
|
|
C. H., Lee
|
|
Y. S., Lee
|
|
S. C., Kang
|
|
W. K., Outcome of bridge to surgery stenting for obstructive left colon cancer, ANZ Journal of Surgery, 87, E245–E250, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27061756" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27061756</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kim
|
|
S. J., Kim
|
|
H. W., Park
|
|
S. B., Kang
|
|
D. H., Choi
|
|
C. W., Song
|
|
B. J., Hong
|
|
J. B., Kim
|
|
D. J., Park
|
|
B. S., Son
|
|
G. M., Colonic perforation either during or after stent insertion as a bridge to surgery for malignant colorectal obstruction increases the risk of peritoneal seeding, Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques, 29, 3499–3506, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25676202" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25676202</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Knight
|
|
A. L., Trompetas
|
|
V., Saunders
|
|
M. P., Anderson
|
|
H. J., Does stenting of left-sided colorectal cancer as a “bridge to surgery” adversely affect oncological outcomes A comparison with non-obstructing elective left-sided colonic resections, International journal of colorectal disease, 27, 1509–1514, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22684548" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22684548</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kwak
|
|
M. S., Kim
|
|
W. S., Lee
|
|
J. M., Yang
|
|
D. H., Yoon
|
|
Y. S., Yu
|
|
C. S., Kim
|
|
J. C., Byeon
|
|
J. S., Does Stenting as a Bridge to Surgery in Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer Obstruction Really Worsen Oncological Outcomes?, Diseases of the colon and rectum, 59, 725–732, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27384090" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27384090</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lamazza
|
|
A., Fiori
|
|
E., Schillaci
|
|
A., DeMasi
|
|
E., Pontone
|
|
S., Sterpetti
|
|
A. V., Self-expandable metallic stents in patients with stage IV obstructing colorectal cancer, World journal of surgery, 36, 2931–2936, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22960673" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22960673</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Law
|
|
W. L., Choi
|
|
H. K., Chu
|
|
K. W., Comparison of stenting with emergency surgery as palliative treatment for obstructing primary left-sided colorectal cancer, British Journal of Surgery, 90, 1429–33, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14598426" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14598426</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lee
|
|
G. J., Kim
|
|
H. J., Baek
|
|
J. H., Lee
|
|
W. S., Kwon
|
|
K. A., Comparison of short-term outcomes after elective surgery following endoscopic stent insertion and emergency surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer, International Journal of Surgery, 11, 442–6, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23639803" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23639803</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lee
|
|
H. J., Hong
|
|
S. P., Cheon
|
|
J. H., Kim
|
|
T. I., Min
|
|
B. S., Kim
|
|
N. K., Kim
|
|
W. H., Long-term outcome of palliative therapy for malignant colorectal obstruction in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancers: Endoscopic stenting versus surgery, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 73, 535–542, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21257165" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21257165</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lee
|
|
W. S., Baek
|
|
J. H., Kang
|
|
J. M., Choi
|
|
S., Kwon
|
|
K. A., The outcome after stent placement or surgery as the initial treatment for obstructive primary tumor in patients with stage IV colon cancer, American Journal of Surgery, 203, 715–719, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22265203" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22265203</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Li
|
|
Z. X., Wu
|
|
X. H., Wu
|
|
H. Y., Chang
|
|
W. J., Chang
|
|
X. J., Yi
|
|
T., Shi
|
|
Q., Chen
|
|
J. W., Feng
|
|
Q. Y., Zhu
|
|
D. X., Wei
|
|
Y., Zhong
|
|
Y. S., Xu
|
|
J. M., Self-expandable metallic stent as a bridge to elective surgery versus emergency surgery for acute malignant colorectal obstruction, International journal of colorectal disease, 31, 561–570, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26700099" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26700099</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Liang
|
|
T. W., Sun
|
|
Y., Wei
|
|
Y. C., Yang
|
|
D. X., Palliative treatment of malignant colorectal obstruction caused by advanced malignancy: A self-expanding metallic stent or surgery? A system review and meta-analysis, Surgery Today, 44, 22–33, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23893158" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23893158</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lim
|
|
T. Z., Chan
|
|
D. K. H., Tan
|
|
K. K., Endoscopic stenting should be advocated in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer presenting with acute obstruction, Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 9, 785–790, 2018 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6219967/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6219967</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30505576" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30505576</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lim
|
|
T. Z., Chan
|
|
D., Tan
|
|
K. K., Patients who failed endoscopic stenting for left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction suffered the worst outcomes, International Journal of Colorectal Disease., 02, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24986142" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24986142</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Liu
|
|
Z., Kang
|
|
L., Li
|
|
C., Huang
|
|
M., Zhang
|
|
X., Wang
|
|
J., Meta-analysis of complications of colonic stenting versus emergency surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction, Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy and Percutaneous Techniques, 24, 73–79, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24487162" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24487162</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mabardy
|
|
A., Miller
|
|
P., Goldstein
|
|
R., Coury
|
|
J., Hackford
|
|
A., Dao
|
|
H., Stenting for obstructing colon cancer: fewer complications and colostomies, JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, 19, e2014.00254, 2015 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4379870/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4379870</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25848200" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25848200</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Martinez-Santos
|
|
C., Lobato
|
|
R. F., Fradejas
|
|
J. M., Pinto
|
|
I., Ortega-Deballon
|
|
P., Moreno-Azcoita
|
|
M., Self-expandable stent before elective surgery vs. emergency surgery for the treatment of malignant colorectal obstructions: Comparison of primary anastomosis and morbidity rates, Diseases of the colon and rectum, 45, 401–406, 2002 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12068202" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12068202</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Morita
|
|
S., Yamamoto
|
|
K., Ogawa
|
|
A., Naito
|
|
A., Mizuno
|
|
H., Yoshioka
|
|
S., Matsumura
|
|
T., Ohta
|
|
K., Suzuki
|
|
R., Matsuda
|
|
C., Hata
|
|
T., Nishimura
|
|
J., Mizushima
|
|
T., Doki
|
|
Y., Mori
|
|
M., Miyake
|
|
M., Miyoshi
|
|
N., Tamagawa
|
|
H., Ohta
|
|
H., Nushijima
|
|
Y., Danno
|
|
K., Takemoto
|
|
H., Fumimoto
|
|
Y., Ohashi
|
|
I., Benefits of using a self-expandable metallic stent as a bridge to surgery for right- and left-sided obstructive colorectal cancers, Surgery Today, 49, 32–37, 2019 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30105529" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30105529</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nagula
|
|
S., Ishill
|
|
N., Nash
|
|
C., Markowitz
|
|
A. J., Schattner
|
|
M. A., Temple
|
|
L., Weiser
|
|
M. R., Thaler
|
|
H. T., Zauber
|
|
A., Gerdes
|
|
H., Quality of Life and Symptom Control after Stent Placement or Surgical Palliation of Malignant Colorectal Obstruction, Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 210, 45–53, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20123331" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20123331</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ng
|
|
K. C., Law
|
|
W. L., Lee
|
|
Y. M., Choi
|
|
H. K., Seto
|
|
C. L., Ho
|
|
J. W. C., Self-Expanding Metallic Stent as a Bridge to Surgery Versus Emergency Resection for Obstructing Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Matched Study, Journal of gastrointestinal surgery, 10, 798–803, 2006 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16769535" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16769535</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Olson
|
|
T. J. P., Pinkerton
|
|
C., Brasel
|
|
K. J., Schwarze
|
|
M. L., Palliative surgery for malignant bowel obstruction from carcinomatosis a systematic review, JAMA Surgery, 149, 383–392, 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4030748/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4030748</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24477929" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24477929</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Park
|
|
J., Lee
|
|
H. J., Park
|
|
S. J., Hur
|
|
H., Min
|
|
B. S., Cheon
|
|
J. H., Kim
|
|
T. I., Kim
|
|
N. K., Kim
|
|
W. H., Long-term outcomes after stenting as a bridge to surgery in patients with obstructing left-sided colorectal cancer, International journal of colorectal disease, 33, 799–807, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29532209" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29532209</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Poultsides
|
|
G. A., Servais
|
|
E. L., Saltz
|
|
L. B., Patil
|
|
S., Kemeny
|
|
N. E., Guillem
|
|
J. G., Weiser
|
|
M., Temple
|
|
L. K. F., Wong
|
|
W. D., Paty
|
|
P. B., Outcome of primary tumor in patients with synchronous stage IV colorectal cancer receiving combination chemotherapy without surgery as initial treatment, Journal of Clinical OncologyJ Clin Oncol, 27, 3379–3384, 2009 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3646319/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3646319</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19487380" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19487380</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ptok
|
|
H., Marusch
|
|
F., Steinert
|
|
R., Meyer
|
|
L., Lippert
|
|
H., Gastinger
|
|
I., Incurable stenosing colorectal carcinoma: Endoscopic stent implantation or palliative surgery?, World journal of surgery, 30, 1481–1487, 2006 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16850152" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16850152</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Quereshy
|
|
F. A., Poon
|
|
J. T. C., Law
|
|
W. L., Long-term outcome of stenting as a bridge to surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction, Colorectal disease, 16, 788–793, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24836397" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24836397</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Rees
|
|
J., Tanner
|
|
J., Patel
|
|
P., Trudgill
|
|
N., The outcomes of self-expanding metal stents as a bridge to curative resection in patients with colorectal cancer presenting with bowel obstruction, United European Gastroenterology Journal, 4 (5 Supplement 1), A664, 2016
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ribeiro
|
|
I. B., Bernardo
|
|
W. M., Martins
|
|
B. D. C., de Moura
|
|
D. T. H., Baba
|
|
E. R., Josino
|
|
I. R., Miyahima
|
|
N. T., Coronel Cordero
|
|
M. A., Visconti
|
|
T. A. C., Ide
|
|
E., Sakai
|
|
P., de Moura
|
|
E. G. H., Colonic stent versus emergency surgery as treatment of malignant colonic obstruction in the palliative setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Endoscopy International Open, 6, E558–E567, 2018 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5943694/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5943694</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29756013" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29756013</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ribeiro
|
|
I., Pinho
|
|
R., Leite
|
|
M., Proenca
|
|
L., Silva
|
|
J., Ponte
|
|
A., Rodrigues
|
|
J., Maciel-Barbosa
|
|
J., Carvalho
|
|
J., Reevaluation of Self-Expanding Metal Stents as a Bridge to Surgery for Acute Left-Sided Malignant Colonic Obstruction: Six Years Experience, Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology, 23, 76–83, 2016 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5580145/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5580145</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28868437" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28868437</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Rodrigues-Pinto
|
|
E., Morais
|
|
R., Coelho
|
|
C., Pereira
|
|
P., Repici
|
|
A., Macedo
|
|
G., Bridge-to-surgery versus emergency surgery in the management of left-sided acute malignant colorectal obstruction - Efficacy, safety and long-term outcomes, Digestive and Liver Disease., 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30558864" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30558864</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sagar
|
|
J., Colorectal stents for the management of malignant colonic obstructions, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2011 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6885054/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6885054</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22071835" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22071835</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review - studies assessed individually</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Saida
|
|
Y., Sumiyama
|
|
Y., Nagao
|
|
J., Uramatsu
|
|
M., Long-term prognosis of preoperative “bridge to surgery” expandable metallic stent insertion for obstructive colorectal cancer: Comparison with emergency operation, Diseases of the colon and rectum, 46, S44–S49, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14530657" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14530657</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sebastian
|
|
S., Johnston
|
|
S., Geoghegan
|
|
T., Torreggiani
|
|
W., Buckley
|
|
M., Pooled analysis of the efficacy and safety of self-expanding metal stenting in malignant colorectal obstruction, American journal of gastroenterology, 99, 2051–2057, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15447772" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15447772</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Siddiqui
|
|
A., Cosgrove
|
|
N., Yan
|
|
L. H., Brandt
|
|
D., Janowski
|
|
R., Kalra
|
|
A., Zhan
|
|
T., Baron
|
|
T. H., Repici
|
|
A., Taylor
|
|
L. J., Adler
|
|
D. G., Long-term outcomes of palliative colonic stenting versus emergency surgery for acute proximal malignant colonic obstruction: a multicenter trial, Endoscopy International Open, 5, E232–E238, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5362371/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5362371</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28367495" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28367495</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Sloothaak
|
|
D. A., Van Den Berg
|
|
M. W., Dijkgraaf
|
|
M. G., Fockens
|
|
P., Tanis
|
|
P. J., Van Hooft
|
|
J. E., Bemelman
|
|
W. A., Oncological follow up of the stent-in 2 trial: Cancer recurrence after curative treatment of malignant colonic obstruction, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Conference, Digestive Diease Week, DDW 2014 ASGE. Chicago, IL United States. Conference Publication: (var.pagings). 79 (5 SUPPL. 1) (pp AB161), 2014
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Takahashi
|
|
H., Okabayashi
|
|
K., Tsuruta
|
|
M., Hasegawa
|
|
H., Yahagi
|
|
M., Kitagawa
|
|
Y., Self-Expanding Metallic Stents Versus Surgical Intervention as Palliative Therapy for Obstructive Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis, World journal of surgery, 39, 2037–2044, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25894403" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25894403</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tan
|
|
C. J., Dasari
|
|
B. V. M., Gardiner
|
|
K., Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of self-expanding metallic stents as a bridge to surgery versus emergency surgery for malignant left-sided large bowel obstruction, British journal of surgery, 99, 469–476, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22261931" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22261931</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Targownik
|
|
L. E., Spiegel
|
|
B. M., Sack
|
|
J., Hines
|
|
O. J., Dulai
|
|
G. S., Gralnek
|
|
I. M., Farrell
|
|
J. J., Colonic stent vs. emergency surgery for management of acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: A decision analysis, Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 60, 865–874, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15604999" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15604999</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cost analysis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tilney
|
|
H. S., Lovegrove
|
|
R. E., Purkayastha
|
|
S., Sains
|
|
P. S., Weston-Petrides
|
|
G. K., Darzi
|
|
A. W., Tekkis
|
|
P. P., Heriot
|
|
A. G., Comparison of colonic stenting and open surgery for malignant large bowel obstruction, Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques, 21, 225–233, 2007 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17160651" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17160651</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tomiki
|
|
Y., Watanabe
|
|
T., Ishibiki
|
|
Y., Tanaka
|
|
M., Suda
|
|
S., Yamamoto
|
|
T., Sakamoto
|
|
K., Kamano
|
|
T., Comparison of stent placement and colostomy as palliative treatment for inoperable malignant colorectal obstruction, Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques, 18, 1572–1577, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15931483" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15931483</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Tominaga
|
|
H., Shimizu
|
|
Y., Yamashita
|
|
S., Odagiri
|
|
K., Kurokawa
|
|
T., Honmyo
|
|
N., Moon
|
|
J., Inoue
|
|
M., Irei
|
|
T., Tanemura
|
|
M., et al.,, Feasibility and safety of laparoscopic resection following stent insertion for obstructing colon cancer, Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques., 29, S165, 2015
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Van Den Berg
|
|
M. W., Sloothaak
|
|
D. A. M., Dijkgraaf
|
|
M. G. W., Van Der Zaag
|
|
E. S., Bemelman
|
|
W. A., Tanis
|
|
P. J., Bosker
|
|
R. J. I., Fockens
|
|
P., Ter Borg
|
|
F., Van Hooft
|
|
J. E., Bridge-to-surgery stent placement versus emergency surgery for acute malignant colonic obstruction, British journal of surgery, 101, 867–873, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24740753" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24740753</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
van Hooft
|
|
J. E., Bemelman
|
|
W. A., Breumelhof
|
|
R., Siersema
|
|
P. D., Kruyt
|
|
P. M., van der Linde
|
|
K., Veenendaal
|
|
R. A., Verhulst
|
|
M. L., Marinelli
|
|
A. W., Gerritsen
|
|
J. J., et al.,, Colonic stenting as bridge to surgery versus emergency surgery for management of acute leftsided malignant colonic obstruction: a multicenter randomized trial (Stent-in 2 study), BMC surgery, 7, 12, 2007 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1925059/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1925059</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17608947" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17608947</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Protocol</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Vemulapalli
|
|
R., Lara
|
|
L. F., Sreenarasimhaiah
|
|
J., Harford
|
|
W. V., Siddiqui
|
|
A. A., A comparison of palliative stenting or emergent surgery for obstructing incurable colon cancer, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 55, 1732–1737, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19693667" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19693667</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Vitale
|
|
M. A., Villotti
|
|
G., d’Alba
|
|
L., Frontespezi
|
|
S., Iacopini
|
|
F., Iacopini
|
|
G., Preoperative colonoscopy after self-expandable metallic stent placement in patients with acute neoplastic colon obstruction, Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 63, 814–819, 2006 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16650544" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16650544</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Wang
|
|
X., He
|
|
J., Chen
|
|
X., Yang
|
|
Q., Stenting as a bridge to resection versus emergency surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer with malignant obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis, International Journal of Surgery, 48, 64–68, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29024743" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29024743</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
White
|
|
S. I., Abdool
|
|
S. I., Frenkiel
|
|
B., Braun
|
|
W. V., Management of malignant left-sided large bowel obstruction: A comparison between colonic stents and surgery, ANZ Journal of Surgery, 81, 257–260, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21418469" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21418469</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Yan
|
|
F. H., Lou
|
|
Z., Liu
|
|
X. S., Wang
|
|
Z., Xu
|
|
X. D., Gao
|
|
Y. J. Y., He
|
|
J., Wang
|
|
H., Fu
|
|
C. G., Zhang
|
|
W., He
|
|
H. Y., Cai
|
|
B. L., Yu
|
|
E. D., Long-Term Oncological Outcomes of Endoscopic Stenting as a Bridge to Surgery Versus Emergency Surgery for Malignant Colorectal Obstruction: A Comparative Study, Journal of Laparoendoscopic and Advanced Surgical Techniques, 27, 611–617, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28092477" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28092477</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Yang
|
|
P., Lin
|
|
X. F., Lin
|
|
K., Li
|
|
W., The Role of Stents as Bridge to Surgery for Acute Left-Sided Obstructive Colorectal Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion, 70, 269–278, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30532112" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30532112</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ye
|
|
G. Y., Cui
|
|
Z., Chen
|
|
L., Zhong
|
|
M., Colonic stenting vs emergent surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18, 5608–5615, 2012 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3482649/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3482649</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23112555" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23112555</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Yoon
|
|
J. Y., Park
|
|
S. J., Hong
|
|
S. P., Kim
|
|
T. I., Kim
|
|
W. H., Cheon
|
|
J. H., Outcomes of secondary self-expandable metal stents versus surgery after delayed initial palliative stent failure in malignant colorectal obstruction, Digestion, 88, 46–55, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23880524" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23880524</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective cohort study; RCT evidence available</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Zhang
|
|
Y., Shi
|
|
J., Shi
|
|
B., Song
|
|
C. Y., Xie
|
|
W. F., Chen
|
|
Y. X., Self-expanding metallic stent as a bridge to surgery versus emergency surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis, Surgical endoscopy, 26, 110–119, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21789642" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21789642</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Zhang
|
|
Y., Shi
|
|
J., Shi
|
|
B., Song
|
|
C. Y., Xie
|
|
W. F., Chen
|
|
Y. X., Comparison of efficacy between uncovered and covered self-expanding metallic stents in malignant large bowel obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Colorectal disease, 14, e367–e374, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22540666" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22540666</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Zhao
|
|
X. D., Cai
|
|
B. B., Cao
|
|
R. S., Shi
|
|
R. H., Palliative treatment for incurable malignant colorectal obstructions: A meta-analysis, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 19, 5565–5574, 2013 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3761112/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3761112</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24023502" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24023502</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Zhao
|
|
X., Liu
|
|
B., Zhao
|
|
E., Wang
|
|
J., Cai
|
|
M., Xia
|
|
Z., Xia
|
|
Q., Shuai
|
|
X., Tao
|
|
K., Wang
|
|
G., Cai
|
|
K., The safety and efficiency of surgery with colonic stents in left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: A meta-analysis, Gastroenterology Research and Practice, 2014 (no pagination), 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4053219/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4053219</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24959174" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24959174</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review, included studies checked for relevance</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">RCT: randomised controlled trial</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch11appmtab2"><div id="ch11.appm.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Gaps addressed and recommendations supported by expert evidence</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appm.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch11.appm.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Expert evidence</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Gaps addressed</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Recommendations supported</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch11.l62"><li id="ch11.lt176" class="half_rhythm"><div>Preliminary findings from the CReST trial</div></li></ul>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch11.l63"><li id="ch11.lt177" class="half_rhythm"><div>The published evidence base relies on 13 small RCTs (none from the UK). Three of these trials were stopped early due to excess treatment related adverse events which led some trialists to question the role of stenting in patients due to receive curative surgery.</div></li><li id="ch11.lt178" class="half_rhythm"><div>The CReST trial is a UK Phase III randomised trial and is larger than any of the trials published to date. The results from CReST have not yet been published and the timeline of the guideline does not allow us to wait for the results to be published later this year.</div></li></ul>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch11.l64"><li id="ch11.lt179" class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/niceng151/?report=reader" class="toc-item">1.3.15</a>
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</div></li><li id="ch11.lt180" class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/niceng151/?report=reader" class="toc-item">1.3.16</a>
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</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CReST: ColoRectal endoscopic Stenting Trial</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch11appmtab3"><div id="ch11.appm.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Quality assessment of expert evidence – outcomes in the public domain<sup>4</sup></span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appm.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch11.appm.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Stenting + planned bowel resection or palliative care</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Emergency bowel surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinically successful bowel decompression, stent arm only – Palliative or curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<p>98/119<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>(82%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perforation rate, stent arm only – Palliative or curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6/123<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>(5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk 0.05</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 more per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stoma rate - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>46/99<sup>4</sup></p>
|
|
<p>(46%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>82/119</p>
|
|
<p>(69%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.67 (0.53 to 0.86)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">112 fewer per 1000 (from 22 fewer to 183 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; RR: relative risk</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appm.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias assessed using trial protocol</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appm.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Quality of evidence downgraded by 1 because of imprecision of the effect estimate (< 300 events for dichotomous outcomes or < 400 patients for continuous outcomes)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appm.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Numbers of events or participants were not reported</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appm.tab3_4"><p class="no_margin">CREST results presented at ASCO 2016 meeting: Hill J, Kay C, Morton D et al J Clin Oncol 34, 2016 (suppl; abstr 3507)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch11appmtab4"><div id="ch11.appm.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Quality assessment of expert evidence – redacted outcomes (as yet unpublished)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK559925/table/ch11.appm.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch11.appm.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Stenting + planned bowel resection or palliative care</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Emergency bowel surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30-day mortality - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3-year overall survival, event is death from any cause - Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay (time to event analysis of leaving hospital)- Curative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospital stay - Palliative intent</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[REDACTED TEXT]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MODERATE</td><td headers="hd_h_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch11.appm.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; RR: relative risk</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appm.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Risk of bias assessed using trial protocol</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appm.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Quality of evidence downgraded by 1 because of imprecision of the effect estimate (< 300 events for dichotomous outcomes or < 400 patients for continuous outcomes)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch11.appm.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Numbers of events or participants were not reported</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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