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preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-done" class="wsprkl btn" title="Dismiss find">✘</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style"><div class="fm-sec bkr_bottom_sep"><div class="bkr_thumb"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng147er14-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Evidence review for percutaneous drainage versus resectional surgery for the management of abscesses" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK558093_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for percutaneous drainage versus resectional surgery for the management of abscesses</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Diverticular disease: diagnosis and management</div><p><b>Evidence review N</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 147</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2019 Nov</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3603-8</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch14.s1"><h2 id="_ch14_s1_">1. Management of acute diverticulitis</h2><div id="ch14.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of percutaneous drainage versus resectional surgery for the management of abscesses?</h3></div><div id="ch14.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>Diverticular abscess represents a particular therapeutic challenge given the predominant age and frequent co-morbidities of patients presenting with the condition. There has been much interest in the use of minimally invasive techniques such as percutaneous drainage to minimise the morbidity and mortality that is associated with resectional surgery. However, no clear guidance is currently available to suggest which patients should undergo percutaneous drainage versus surgery or for the subsequent management of patients initially treated conservatively. This review of the evidence aimed to provide information for both clinicians and patient to determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of percutaneous drainage versus resectional surgery for the management of diverticular abscess.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#ch14.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch14tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch14tab1" rid-ob="figobch14tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch14.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch14.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="ch14.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>In the absence of any relevant randomised controlled trials, six observational studies were included in the review;<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref3" rid="ch14.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref6" rid="ch14.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref9" rid="ch14.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref13" rid="ch14.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref25" rid="ch14.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref26" rid="ch14.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a> these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch14tab2" rid-ob="figobch14tab2">Table 2</a> below. The included studies provide outcome data for comparisons among antibiotics, percutaneous drainage and surgery, or combinations of these interventions, used in the treatment of diverticular abscesses. Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch14tab3" rid-ob="figobch14tab3">Table 3</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch14.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#ch14.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch14.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#ch14.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch14.apph">appendix H</a>.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch14tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch14tab2" rid-ob="figobch14tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch14.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch14.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.4.4"><h4>1.4.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch14tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch14tab3" rid-ob="figobch14tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotics vs. surgery." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch14.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotics vs. surgery. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch14tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch14tab4" rid-ob="figobch14tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. antibiotics." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch14.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. antibiotics. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch14tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch14tab5" rid-ob="figobch14tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. surgery." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch14.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. surgery. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch14tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch14tab6" rid-ob="figobch14tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery vs. antibiotics + surgery." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch14.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14tab6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery vs. antibiotics + surgery. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch14tab7"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch14tab7" rid-ob="figobch14tab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Table 7. Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage vs. antibiotics." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch14.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14tab7">Table 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage vs. antibiotics. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch14tab8"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch14tab8" rid-ob="figobch14tab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Table 8. Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage vs. surgery." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch14.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14tab8">Table 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage vs. surgery. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch14.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="ch14.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="ch14.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were identified.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>No health economic studies that were relevant to this question were excluded due to assessment of limited applicability or methodological limitations.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch14.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Unit costs</h4><p>The unit costs below were presented to the Committee, to aid consideration of cost effectiveness.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch14tab9"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch14tab9" rid-ob="figobch14tab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Table 9. NHS costs of non-elective procedures." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch14.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14tab9">Table 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">NHS costs of non-elective procedures. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch14tab10"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 10" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch14tab10" rid-ob="figobch14tab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Table 10. UK cost of antibiotics." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch14.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14tab10">Table 10</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">UK cost of antibiotics. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch14.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="ch14.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch14.s1.6.1.1"><h5>Antibiotics vs surgery</h5><p>Evidence from 2 studies (n=2743) of very low quality was included in the comparison between antibiotics and surgery; however the committee agreed that due to the high level of selection bias they could not determine the clinical importance of the evidence.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.6.1.2"><h5>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs antibiotics</h5><p>Evidence from 4 studies (n=289) of very low quality was included in the comparison between percutaneous drainage plus antibiotics and antibiotics alone; however the committee agreed that due to the high level of selection bias they could not determine the clinical importance of the evidence.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.6.1.3"><h5>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs surgery</h5><p>Evidence from a single study (n=64) of very low quality was included in the comparison between percutaneous drainage plus antibiotics and surgery; however the committee agreed that due to the high level of selection bias they could not determine the clinical importance of the evidence.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.6.1.4"><h5>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery vs. antibiotics + surgery</h5><p>Evidence from a single study (n=146) of very low quality was included in the comparison between percutaneous drainage plus antibiotics plus surgery and antibiotics plus surgery; however the committee agreed that due to the high level of selection bias they could not determine the clinical importance of the evidence.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.6.1.5"><h5>Percutaneous drainage vs. antibiotics</h5><p>Evidence from a single study (n=2922) of very low quality was included in the comparison between percutaneous drainage and antibiotics; however the committee agreed that due to the high level of selection bias they could not determine the clinical importance of the evidence.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.6.1.6"><h5>Percutaneous drainage vs. surgery</h5><p>Evidence from a single study (n=716) of very low quality was included in the comparison between percutaneous drainage and antibiotics; however the committee agreed that due to the high level of selection bias they could not determine the clinical importance of the evidence.</p></div></div><div id="ch14.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><p>No relevant economic evaluations were identified.</p></div></div><div id="ch14.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="ch14.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="ch14.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The guideline committee agreed that for this review quality of life, mortality, morbidity, progression of disease, recurrence of abscess, re-hospitalisation, need for further surgery/percutaneous drainage, complications (infection, abscess, perforation, fistula, stricture and haemorrhage), anastomotic leak rate and stoma were considered critical outcomes. There were no additional outcomes that were considered to be important.</p><p>In this review, no clinical evidence was identified for the following critical outcomes; quality of life, progression of disease, recurrence of abscess, complications (infection, abscess, perforation, fistula, stricture and haemorrhage) and anastomotic leak rate.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The evidence included in this review was of a very low quality primarily due to selection bias, a lack of participant and investigator blinding, and imprecision. Selection bias was present as factors such as abscess size and location, and the feasibility of percutaneous drainage, affected which group patients were assigned to by surgeons. All evidence was obtained from non-randomised studies, as no randomised controlled trials matching the review protocol were identified.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>When discussing the evidence, the committee appreciated that in all included studies there was significant selection bias present for all of the reported outcomes due to the nature of patient assignment to each group. In particular, abscess size, location and the feasibility of percutaneous drainage impacted upon which group surgeons assigned patients to and may therefore have influenced the effects observed for the reported outcomes. Despite this, the committee felt able to make some recommendations by combining their clinical expertise and opinion with the approaches employed by the studies included in this review.</p><p>The committee stressed the importance of treating diverticular abscess with intravenous antibiotics as soon as possible due to the septic conditions and recommended that this was done in line with the existing NICE guideline on <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG51" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">sepsis (NG51)</a>. Therefore, the committee recommended that those presenting with suspected diverticular abscess in primary care should be referred to secondary care immediately to receive intravenous antibiotics. The committee felt that intravenous antibiotics should be administered in secondary care before a CT scan was performed to avoid unnecessary delay in treating sepsis in these patients.</p><p>When discussing the approaches used by each of the included studies, the committee noted that the majority had used CT scan to confirm the presence of diverticular abscess and assess the characteristics of each abscess, which ultimately impacted upon the treatment that was selected. Based on their clinical expertise, the committee agreed that percutaneous drainage is not feasible in certain cases, such as in particularly small abscesses (< 3 cm) and where the procedure would involve passing through important structures that could become damaged as a result. For this reason, the committee considered that a CT scan could be useful for confirming and assessing abscesses and selecting the most appropriate treatment based on abscess characteristics. The committee suggested that abscesses < 3 cm in size may be treated with antibiotics alone initially, as this was the approach taken in most of the included studies and was consistent with the clinical expertise of the committee. For abscesses ≥ 3 cm, percutaneous drainage (if anatomically feasible) and surgery were considered as treatment options. The choice of treatment may be determined by factors such as the patient’s age, comorbidity and performance status. In cases where there is no improvement in condition or a deterioration following initial treatment, the committee felt that reimaging by CT should be considered in order to reassess the abscess characteristics and subsequent treatment options; for example, for abscesses < 3 cm that were originally treated with antibiotics only, a further CT may reveal an increase in size that makes percutaneous drainage feasible or may indicate that surgery is warranted.</p><p>The committee considered being able to recommend specific antibiotic regimens including co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime and metronidazole but evidence was limited and most trials used a variety of different antibiotics, with many suggesting the antibiotics were tailored to the sensitivities of the specimens sent. The committee also found it difficult to comment on the duration of therapy as there was very limited information in the studies included in the review. It was noted that evidence exists (but did not meet the evidence review protocol criteria) to suggest that if source control is achieved, a 4-7 day duration is sufficient however, if there is no source control the duration is difficult to determine and the duration suggested in the recommendations for abscesses < 3cm in size is taken from the wide variations in the quoted evidence.</p><p>In line with good anti-microbial stewardship the requirements for antibiotics should be reviewed when an abscess has not been confirmed.</p></div></div><div id="ch14.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>The clinical evidence was low quality and inconclusive and there was no cost effectiveness evidence. The committee were presented with the unit costs of antibiotics, percutaneous drainage and surgery. Recommendations were made, based on the expert opinion of the committee. The committee recommended antibiotics in line with the <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG51" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NICE Sepsis guideline (NG51)</a>. They also made a recommendation in favour of either percutaneous drainage or surgery, the cost of each is substantial – from NHS reference costs £4984 for the former and £7091-£8312 for the latter. CT was also recommended to inform procedure decisions. However, these patients will require an inpatient stay even in the absence of the procedure and the incremental cost is not clear. The clinical and cost effectiveness of the procedures is not known for this population and therefore the committee made a weak ‘consider’ recommendation. The recommendations do not represent a move away from current practice, which is variable.</p></div><div id="ch14.s1.7.3"><h4>1.7.3. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>The committee noted that MRI or ultrasound (depending on local expertise) could be used if CT is contraindicated.</p><p>In people with a CT-confirmed diverticular abscess, reimaging may be considered if the condition does not improve clinically of if there is deterioration. This will guide the management strategy, for example if further surgery is required or if a previous collection that was not drainable percutaneously for example because it was too small is now drainable.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch14.rl.r1"><h2 id="_ch14_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref1">Ambrosetti
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P, Robert
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RD. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous abscess drainage in intestinal disease: factors associated with outcome. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1997; 40(9):1009–13 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9293926" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9293926</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref3">Buchwald
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FA. Hinchey I and II diverticular abscesses: long-term outcome of conservative treatment. ANZ Journal of Surgery. 2017; 87(02):1011–1014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27062439" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27062439</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref4">Dale
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JL. Laparoscopic lavage and drainage for perforated diverticulitis: What evidence?
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F, Stocchi
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G, Kiran
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RP. Antibiotics alone instead of percutaneous drainage as initial treatment of large diverticular abscess. Techniques in Coloproctology. 2015; 19(2):97–103 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25417122" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25417122</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref7">Gaertner
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Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2013; 56(5):622–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23575402" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23575402</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref8">Galbraith
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N, Carter
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et al. Laparoscopic lavage in the management of perforated diverticulitis: A contemporary meta-analysis. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2017; 21(9):1491–1499 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28608041" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28608041</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref9">Gregersen
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R, Andresen
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HC, Rosenberg
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J. Short-term mortality, readmission, and recurrence in treatment of acute diverticulitis with abscess formation: a nationwide register-based cohort study. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2016; 31(5):983–90 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27029799" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27029799</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref10">Gregersen
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R, Andresen
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K, Burcharth
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J, Pommergaard
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HC, Rosenberg
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J. Long-term mortality and recurrence in patients treated for colonic diverticulitis with abscess formation: a nationwide register-based cohort study. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2018; 33(4):431–440 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29511842" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29511842</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref11">Gregersen
|
|
R, Mortensen
|
|
LQ, Burcharth
|
|
J, Pommergaard
|
|
HC, Rosenberg
|
|
J. Treatment of patients with acute colonic diverticulitis complicated by abscess formation: A systematic review. International Journal of Surgery. 2016; 35:201–208 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27741423" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27741423</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref12">Hurme
|
|
T, Nylamo
|
|
E. Conservative versus operative treatment of appendicular abscess. Experience of 147 consecutive patients. Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae. 1995; 84(1):33–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7645908" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7645908</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref13">Kaiser
|
|
AM, Jiang
|
|
JK, Lake
|
|
JP, Ault
|
|
G, Artinyan
|
|
A, Gonzalez-Ruiz
|
|
C
|
|
et al. The management of complicated diverticulitis and the role of computed tomography. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2005; 100(4):910–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15784040" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15784040</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref14">Knapp
|
|
C, Brand
|
|
M, Orkin
|
|
B. Management of diverticular abscesses with nonsurgical drainage: Is there a need for interval resection?
|
|
Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2015; 58(5):e153–e154</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref15">Kumar
|
|
RR, Kim
|
|
JT, Haukoos
|
|
JS, Macias
|
|
LH, Dixon
|
|
MR, Stamos
|
|
MJ
|
|
et al. Factors affecting the successful management of intra-abdominal abscesses with antibiotics and the need for percutaneous drainage. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2006; 49(2):183–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16322960" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16322960</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref16">Lamb
|
|
MN, Kaiser
|
|
AM. Elective resection versus observation after nonoperative management of complicated diverticulitis with abscess: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2014; 57(12):1430–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25380010" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25380010</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref17">Macias
|
|
LH, Haukoos
|
|
JS, Dixon
|
|
MR, Sorial
|
|
E, Arnell
|
|
TD, Stamos
|
|
MJ
|
|
et al. Diverticulitis: truly minimally invasive management. American Surgeon. 2004; 70(10):932–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15529855" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15529855</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref18">McDermott
|
|
FD, Collins
|
|
D, Heeney
|
|
A, Winter
|
|
DC. Minimally invasive and surgical management strategies tailored to the severity of acute diverticulitis. British Journal of Surgery. 2014; 101(1):e90–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24258427" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24258427</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref19">Mueller
|
|
PR, Saini
|
|
S, Wittenburg
|
|
J, Simeone
|
|
J, Hahn
|
|
PF, Steiner
|
|
E
|
|
et al. Sigmoid diverticular abscesses: percutaneous drainage as an adjunct to surgical resection in 24 cases. Radiology. 1987; 164(2):321–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3602369" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3602369</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref20">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual. London. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Available from: <a href="http://www.nice.org.uk/article/PMG20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org.uk<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/article/PMG20/chapter<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26677490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26677490</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref21">Pappalardo
|
|
G, Frattaroli
|
|
FM, Coiro
|
|
S, Spolentini
|
|
D, Nunziale
|
|
A, Favella
|
|
L
|
|
et al. Effectiveness of clinical guidelines in the management of acute sigmoid diverticulitis. Results of a prospective diagnostic and therapeutic clinical trial. Annali Italiani di Chirurgia. 2013; 84(2):171–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23697994" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23697994</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>22.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref22">Roscoe
|
|
J, Salem Hany
|
|
T. Treatment outcomes following management of patients with diverticular abscess. Colorectal Disease. 2017; 19:(Suppl 4):59</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref23">Schechter
|
|
S, Eisenstat
|
|
TE, Oliver
|
|
GC, Rubin
|
|
RJ, Salvati
|
|
EP. Computerized tomographic scan-guided drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses. Preoperative and postoperative modalities in colon and rectal surgery. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 1994; 37(10):984–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7924719" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7924719</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref24">Shuler
|
|
FW, Newman
|
|
CN, Angood
|
|
PB, Tucker
|
|
JG, Lucas
|
|
GW. Nonoperative management for intra-abdominal abscesses. American Surgeon. 1996; 62(3):218–22 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8607582" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8607582</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref25">Siewert
|
|
B, Tye
|
|
G, Kruskal
|
|
J, Sosna
|
|
J, Opelka
|
|
F, Raptopoulos
|
|
V
|
|
et al. Impact of CT-guided drainage in the treatment of diverticular abscesses: size matters. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2006; 186(3):680–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16498095" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16498095</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref26">Subhas
|
|
G, Rana
|
|
G, Bhullar
|
|
J, Essad
|
|
K, Mohey
|
|
L, Mittal
|
|
VK. Percutaneous drainage of a diverticular abscess should be limited to two attempts for a resilient diverticular abscess. American Surgeon. 2014; 80(7):635–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24987892" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24987892</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref27">Suzuki
|
|
K, Yamaguchi
|
|
T, Iwashita
|
|
Y, Yokoyama
|
|
K, Fujioka
|
|
M, Katayama
|
|
N
|
|
et al. Case series of iliopsoas abscesses treated at a university hospital in Japan: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. Internal Medicine. 2015; 54(17):2147–2153 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26328638" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26328638</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref28">Tou
|
|
S, You
|
|
K, Giuratrabocchetta
|
|
S, Sullivan
|
|
R, Denoya
|
|
P, Bergamaschi
|
|
R. Should elective resection follow nonoperative management of first episode of acute sigmoid diverticulitis with abscess/extraluminal air? A randomised controlled trial. Colorectal Disease. 2016; 18(S1):6</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref29">Tudor
|
|
RG, Farmakis
|
|
N, Keighley
|
|
MR. National audit of complicated diverticular disease: analysis of index cases. British Journal of Surgery. 1994; 81(5):730–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8044565" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8044565</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch14.ref30">Villalon
|
|
C, Aylwin
|
|
P, Quezada
|
|
F, Molina
|
|
ME, Urrejola
|
|
G, Miguieles
|
|
R
|
|
et al. Complicated acute diverticulitis with an abscess: Long-term results. Colorectal Disease. 2014; 16(S3):56</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup14"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup14_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch14.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="ch14.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 11. Review protocol: Percutaneous drainage of abscesses</a></p><p id="ch14.appa.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appatab2" class="figpopup">Table 12. Health economic review protocol</a></p></div><div id="ch14.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014, updated 2017.</p><p>For more detailed information, please see the Methodology Review.</p><div id="ch14.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the search where appropriate.</p><p id="ch14.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appbtab1" class="figpopup">Table 13. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch14.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appbtab2" class="figpopup">Table 14. Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch14.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appbtab3" class="figpopup">Table 15. Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch14.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appbtab4" class="figpopup">Table 16. Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</a></p></div><div id="ch14.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to Diverticular Disease population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional searches were run on Medline and Embase for health economics, economic modelling and quality of life studies.</p><p id="ch14.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appbtab5" class="figpopup">Table 17. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch14.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appbtab6" class="figpopup">Table 18. Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch14.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appbtab7" class="figpopup">Table 19. Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch14.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appbtab8" class="figpopup">Table 20. NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</a></p></div></div><div id="ch14.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="ch14.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of percutaneous drainage of abscesses</a></p></div><div id="ch14.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p id="ch14.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 21. Clinical evidence tables</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 420K)</span></p></div><div id="ch14.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch14.appe.s1"><h4>E.1. Antibiotics vs. surgery</h4><p id="ch14.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Mortality within 30 days of admission</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 4. Mortality within 30 days of discharge</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 5. Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)</a></p></div><div id="ch14.appe.s2"><h4>E.2. Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. antibiotics</h4><p id="ch14.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 6. Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 7. Need for further surgery/percutaneous drain</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig7" class="figpopup">Figure 8. Stoma creation</a></p></div><div id="ch14.appe.s3"><h4>E.3. Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. surgery</h4><p id="ch14.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig8" class="figpopup">Figure 9. Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</a></p></div><div id="ch14.appe.s4"><h4>E.4. Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery vs. antibiotics + surgery</h4><p id="ch14.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig9" class="figpopup">Figure 10. Mortality</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig10" class="figpopup">Figure 11. Overall morbidity</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig11"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig11" class="figpopup">Figure 12. Overall stoma rate</a></p></div><div id="ch14.appe.s5"><h4>E.5. Percutaneous drainage vs. antibiotics</h4><p id="ch14.appe.fig12"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig12" class="figpopup">Figure 13. Mortality within 30 days of admission</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig13"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig13" class="figpopup">Figure 14. Mortality within 30 days of discharge</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig14"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig14" class="figpopup">Figure 15. Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig15"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig15" class="figpopup">Figure 16. Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)</a></p></div><div id="ch14.appe.s6"><h4>E.6. Percutaneous drainage vs. surgery</h4><p id="ch14.appe.fig16"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig16" class="figpopup">Figure 17. Mortality within 30 days of admission</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig17"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig17" class="figpopup">Figure 18. Mortality within 30 days of discharge</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig18"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig18" class="figpopup">Figure 19. Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</a></p><p id="ch14.appe.fig19"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appe.fig19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appefig19" class="figpopup">Figure 20. Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch14.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p id="ch14.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 22. Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotics vs. surgery</a></p><p id="ch14.appf.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appftab2" class="figpopup">Table 23. Clinical evidence profile: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. antibiotics</a></p><p id="ch14.appf.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appftab3" class="figpopup">Table 24. Clinical evidence profile: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. surgery</a></p><p id="ch14.appf.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appftab4" class="figpopup">Table 25. Clinical evidence profile: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery vs. antibiotics + surgery</a></p><p id="ch14.appf.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appftab5" class="figpopup">Table 26. Clinical evidence profile: Percutaneous drainage vs. antibiotics</a></p><p id="ch14.appf.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appftab6" class="figpopup">Table 27. Clinical evidence profile: Percutaneous drainage vs. surgery</a></p></div><div id="ch14.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="ch14.appg.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK558093/figure/ch14.appg.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14appgfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 21. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</a></p></div><div id="ch14.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch14.apph.s1"><h4>H.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><p id="ch14.apph.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.apph.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch14apphtab1" class="figpopup">Table 28. Studies excluded from the clinical review</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and, where appropriate, their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK558093</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32525634" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32525634</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14tab1"><div id="ch14.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch14.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch14.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults 18 years and over with diverticular abscesses</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch14.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_ch14.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Percutaneous drainage</p>
|
|
<p>Antibiotics</p>
|
|
<p>Surgery</p>
|
|
<p>Combinations of treatments</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch14.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons</th><td headers="hd_b_ch14.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Compared to each other</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch14.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch14.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:
|
|
<ul id="ch14.l1"><li id="ch14.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li id="ch14.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li id="ch14.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>Morbidity</div></li><li id="ch14.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>Progression of disease</div></li><li id="ch14.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrence of abscess</div></li><li id="ch14.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications (infections, abscesses, perforation, fistula, stricture, haemorrhage)</div></li><li id="ch14.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>Re-hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch14.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for further surgery/percutaneous drain</div></li><li id="ch14.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak rate</div></li><li id="ch14.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stoma</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch14.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch14.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews of RCTs.</p>
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<p>If no RCT evidence is available, search for observational studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14tab2"><div id="ch14.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Patient selection for intervention</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Buchwald 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref3" rid="ch14.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>Non-randomised study</p>
|
|
<p>n=107</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective</p>
|
|
<p>Univariate analysis</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Antibiotics:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No details given concerning dose, type or duration.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No details given concerning dose, type or duration of antibiotic treatment. No further details about percutaneous drainage.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Surgery:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Procedures included laparotomy and drainage, sigmoid resection with primary anastomosis and Hartmann’s procedure.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults 18 years and over with diverticular abscesses (Hinchey stages I and II).</p>
|
|
<p>Diagnosis in all patients by CT.</p>
|
|
<p>Clinical findings, blood tests, endoscopic and/or surgical finding and radiology also used for diagnosis.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Treatment at discretion of surgeon.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age:</p>
|
|
<p>Antibiotics, 60.5±17.6 years</p>
|
|
<p>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics, 71.5±13.6 years</p>
|
|
<p>Surgery, 65.5±13.4 years</p>
|
|
<p>Mean abscess size differed between groups:</p>
|
|
<p>Antibiotics, 3.1±1.8 cm</p>
|
|
<p>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics, 5.6±2.4 cm</p>
|
|
<p>Surgery, 4.6±1.6 cm</p>
|
|
<p>Localisation of abscesses differed between groups (proportion of pericolic, mesocolic and pelvic abscesses):</p>
|
|
<p>Antibiotics: 47%, 23% and 30%</p>
|
|
<p>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics: 23%, 18% and 59%</p>
|
|
<p>Surgery: 40%, 29% and 31%</p>
|
|
<p>‘No differences in immunosuppression’ - no details for other comorbidities between groups.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Elagili 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref6" rid="ch14.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>Non-randomised study</p>
|
|
<p>n=164</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective</p>
|
|
<p>Univariate analysis</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Percutaneous drainage performed with wide-spectrum IV antibiotics progressively switched to oral formulation at surgeon discretion. Total treatment course of 1-3 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>Followed by emergency or elective surgery.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Antibiotics + surgery:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Wide-spectrum IV antibiotics progressively switched to oral formulation at surgeon discretion. Total treatment course of 1-3 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>Followed by emergency or elective surgery.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults 18 years and over with an abscess >3 cm associated with sigmoid diverticulitis.</p>
|
|
<p>Diagnosis by CT.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mortality</p>
|
|
<p>Overall morbidity</p>
|
|
<p>Overall stoma rate</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Treatment at discretion of surgeon.</p>
|
|
<p>Median age: 56.5 (25-85) years vs. 55.5 (36-82) years</p>
|
|
<p>Median abscess size differed between groups: 4 (3-18.5) cm</p>
|
|
<p>Vs. 6.7 (3-15) cm</p>
|
|
<p>Higher proportion of ASA 3 and lower proportion of ASA 2 in percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery group.</p>
|
|
<p>Charlson comorbidity index similar between groups: 2.1 vs. 2.2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Gregersen 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref9" rid="ch14.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>Non-randomised study</p>
|
|
<p>n=3148</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective</p>
|
|
<p>Univariate analysis</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Antibiotics:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Details of antibiotic treatment could not be obtained from the registers used. This group may consist of those that received antibiotics or no treatment at all.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Percutaneous drainage:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Non-surgical abscess drainage with a transabdominal, transvaginal or transrectal approach.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Surgery:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Includes those that underwent colonic surgery or surgical abscess drainage during admission.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults 18 years and over admitted for Hinchey Ib-II diverticulitis (complicated by abscess).</p>
|
|
<p>Method of diagnosis not specified.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Mortality within 30 days of admission</p>
|
|
<p>Mortality within 30 days of discharge</p>
|
|
<p>Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</p>
|
|
<p>Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Retrospective review of patient records – treatment selected by clinician</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age:</p>
|
|
<p>Antibiotics: 65.6±15.4 years</p>
|
|
<p>Percutaneous drainage: 63.5±14.9 years</p>
|
|
<p>Surgery: 63.7±15.0 years</p>
|
|
<p>Details of abscess size in each group not available.</p>
|
|
<p>Previous episodes of complicated diverticulitis:</p>
|
|
<p>Antibiotics: 11.4%</p>
|
|
<p>Percutaneous drainage: 3.5%</p>
|
|
<p>Surgery: 0%</p>
|
|
<p>Proportion of patients with comorbidity similar between groups (47%, 50.2% and 54.9%).</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Kaiser 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref13" rid="ch14.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>Non-randomised study</p>
|
|
<p>n=511</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective</p>
|
|
<p>Univariate analysis</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>All patients started on broad-spectrum antibiotics with coverage for gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. Percutaneous drainage performed where abscess was a sufficient size and in favourable location for drainage.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Antibiotics:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>All patients started on broad-spectrum antibiotics with coverage for gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults 18 years and over with diverticulitis complicated by abscess (modified Hinchey stages Ib and II).</p>
|
|
<p>Diagnosis confirmed by CT scan.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</p>
|
|
<p>Need for further surgery/percutaneous drain</p>
|
|
<p>Stoma creation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Assignment of patients to groups was dependent on whether each abscess was considered to be suitable for percutaneous drainage in terms of size and location.</p>
|
|
<p>Age not reported separately for each intervention.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean abscess size: 7.1±1.9 cm vs. 3.6±2.3 cm</p>
|
|
<p>Lower proportion of stage Ib and higher proportion of stage II abscesses in the percutaneous drainage + antibiotics group.</p>
|
|
<p>No details concerning comorbidity in each group.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data extracted only for abscess subgroup within a larger cohort that this study covers.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Siewert 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref25" rid="ch14.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>Non-randomised study</p>
|
|
<p>n=181</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective</p>
|
|
<p>Univariate analysis</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>CT-guided percutaneous drainage performed within 24 h of admission. No details concerning type, dose or duration of antibiotic treatment.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Antibiotics:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>No details concerning type, dose or duration of antibiotic treatment.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults 18 years and over with diverticulitis complicated by abscess.</p>
|
|
<p>Diagnosis confirmed by CT scan.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Need for further surgery/percutaneous drain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Assignment of patients to group was based on patient condition – all of those in the antibiotic group had abscesses where percutaneous drainage was considered to be unfeasible as they could not be reached percutaneously without traversing vital structures.</p>
|
|
<p>Age not reported separately for each intervention.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean abscess size: 5.9 cm vs. 3.8 cm.</p>
|
|
<p>No details concerning comorbidity in each group.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study contained results for small and large (<3 cm and ≥3 cm) abscesses, but data was extracted for the large subgroup only, as all of the small abscesses were treated by the same intervention.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Subhas 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref26" rid="ch14.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></p>
|
|
<p>Non-randomised study</p>
|
|
<p>n=117</p>
|
|
<p>Retrospective</p>
|
|
<p>Univariate analysis</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Treatment with parenteral antibiotics against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria while in hospital. Abscesses sent for culture and sensitivity to guide choice of antibiotics. Drainage included simple aspiration to the placement of drains. Includes those that underwent one or more drainages.</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Antibiotics:</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Treatment with parenteral antibiotics against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria while in hospital. Abscesses sent for culture and sensitivity to guide choice of antibiotics.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults 18 years and over with CT scan-proven left-sided diverticular abscess treated as inpatients</p>
|
|
<p>Diagnosis confirmed by CT scan.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Need for further surgery/percutaneous drain</p>
|
|
<p>Stoma creation</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Assignment of patients to group was based on patient condition – those in the antibiotics group were those with abscesses <2 cm or abscesses that were considered to be unsafe for percutaneous drainage.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 61 (26-91) years vs. 62 (25-92) years.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean maximum size of abscess cavity: 6 (2-19.1) cm vs. 3 (0.7-8) cm.</p>
|
|
<p>No details concerning comorbidity in each group.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study reported outcomes separately for patients that received various numbers of drainages (0, 1, 2 or ≥3) – data for 1, 2 and ≥3 drainages were combined and compared with those that did not receive percutaneous drainage at all.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14tab3"><div id="ch14.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotics vs. surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Antibiotics (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2743</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>1-110 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.11 (1.49 to 6.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>74 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 17 more to 192 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of admission</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2658</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.75 (1.02 to 3.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>44 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 1 more to 117 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of discharge</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2377</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.56 (0.27 to 1.16)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 29 fewer to 6 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2658</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.68 (0.53 to 0.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">243 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>78 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 32 fewer to 114 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14tab4"><div id="ch14.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. antibiotics</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with antibiotics</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>137</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>46-110 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.56 (0.51 to 4.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">226 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>127 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 111 fewer to 848 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Need for further surgery/percutaneous drain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>224</p>
|
|
<p>(3 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>unclear</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 1.6 (0.85 to 3.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">613 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>104 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 39 fewer to 214 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stoma creation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>216</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>unclear</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.76 (0.99 to 3.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">136 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 1 fewer to 291 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment because the point estimate varies widely between studies and I2=70%. Subgroup analysis could not be performed to explain heterogeneity due to there only being two studies, but the mean age in the two studies differed (≥50 years and <50 years).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14tab5"><div id="ch14.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>64</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>110 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.73 (1.26 to 26.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>227 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 12 more to 1000 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14tab6"><div id="ch14.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery vs. antibiotics + surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with antibiotics + surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>146</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>unclear</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OR 3.66 (0.23 to 57.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>30 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 30 fewer to 80 more)<sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Overall morbidity</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>146</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>unclear</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.07 (0.63 to 1.83)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">344 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>24 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 127 fewer to 286 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Overall stoma rate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>146</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>unclear</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.3 (0.77 to 2.19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">344 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>103 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 79 fewer to 409 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">Zero events in control group - risk difference entered manually for absolute effect.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14tab7"><div id="ch14.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage vs. antibiotics</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with antibiotics</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Percutaneous drainage (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of admission</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2922</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.34 (0.21 to 0.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">101 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 44 fewer to 80 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of discharge</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2639</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.37 (0.76 to 2.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 5 fewer to 32 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2922</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.96 (1.44 to 2.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>51 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 23 more to 89 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2922</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.33 (1.1 to 1.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">166 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>55 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 17 more to 101 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14tab8"><div id="ch14.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Percutaneous drainage vs. surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Percutaneous drainage (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of admission</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>716</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.6 (0.3 to 1.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 41 fewer to 13 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of discharge</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>666</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.76 (0.32 to 1.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 27 fewer to 32 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>716</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.7 (1.9 to 11.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>81 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 20 more to 234 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>716</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>30 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.91 (0.68 to 1.2)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">243 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch14.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 78 fewer to 49 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14tab9"><div id="ch14.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">NHS costs of non-elective procedures</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Procedure</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Currency Description</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Unit Cost</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Average Length of Stay</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Image controlled percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscess NEC</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">YF04 Percutaneous Single Drainage of Abdominal Abscess, inclusive of excess bed days, weighted for complications and co morbidities for HRG codes YF04A, YF04B and YF04C; as recorded for Non-Elective Inpatients</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4,984</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.6 days</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Reference Costs 2016-2017</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sigmoid colectomy and anastomosis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">FF33 Distal Colon Procedures, 19 years and over, inclusive of non-elective short stay and non-elective long stay with excess bed days, weighted for complications and co morbidities for HRG codes: FF33A and FF33B; as recorded for Non-Elective Inpatients</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7,091</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.0 days</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Reference Costs 2016-2017</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Sigmoid colectomy and ileostomy HFQ</p>
|
|
<p>Or</p>
|
|
<p>Sigmoid colectomy and exteriorisation of bowel NEC</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">FF31 Complex Large Intestine Procedures, 19 years and over, inclusive of non-elective short stay and non-elective long stay with excess bed days, weighted for complications and co morbidities for HRG codes: FF31A, FF31B, FF31C and FF31D; as recorded for Non-Elective Inpatients</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£8,312</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.0 days</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Reference Costs 2016-2017</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14tab10"><div id="ch14.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">UK cost of antibiotics</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Drug</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed daily dose [BNF]<sup>(a)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per unit (£)</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per course (£)<sup>(b)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intravenous</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" id="hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Co-Amoxiclav 1000mg/200mg powder for solution for injection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1000mg/ 200mg every 8 hours by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.06</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£6.36<sup>(c)</sup> - £31.80<sup>(d)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ciprofloxacin 400mg/200ml solution for infusion bottles</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2x 400mg daily by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£29.12<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Metronidazole 500mg/100ml infusion 100ml bags</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 × 500mg daily by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£66.99<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ertapenem sodium 1g powder for solution for infusion vials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1g daily by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£31.86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£127.44<sup>(f)</sup>-£223.02<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative Price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Piperacillin 2g/Tazobactam 250mg powder for solution for injection vials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.5g every 8 hours by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£321.30<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cefuroxime 750mg powder for solution for injection vials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.5g every 8 hours; by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£45.36<sup>(g)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative Price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amoxicillin 500mg powder for solution for injection vials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3x 500mg daily by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£11.51<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gentamicin 240mg/80ml infusion bags</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5-7mg/kg daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£6.13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£85.80<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4" id="hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Co-Amoxiclav 500mg/125mg tablets (oral)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 × 500mg/125mg tablets daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.36<sup>(d)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablets (oral)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2x 500mg tablets daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.15<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Metronidazole 400mg tablets (oral)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 × 400mg daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5.18<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cefadroxil 500mg capsules (oral)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 × 500g capsules daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£15.67<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cefuroxime 125mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 × 125mg tablets daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.91<sup>(g)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trimethoprim 200mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2x 200mg daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.07</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.93<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cephalexin 500mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">500mg every 8 hours</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.71<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.tab10_1_1_10_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Dosages for adults, British National Formulary</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">Depending on number of units taken</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken for 2 days</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab10_4"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken for 10 days</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab10_5"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken for 7 days</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(f)</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab10_6"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken for 4 days</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(g)</dt><dd><div id="ch14.tab10_7"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken for 3 days</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appatab1"><div id="ch14.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Review protocol: Percutaneous drainage of abscesses</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Field</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of percutaneous drainage versus resectional surgery for the management of abscesses?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>intervention review</p>
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<p>A review of health economic evidence related to the same review question was conducted in parallel with this review. For details see the health economic review protocol for this NICE guideline.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To determine whether percutaneous drainage is more clinically and cost effective than resection surgery for the management of abscesses</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population / disease / condition / issue / domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults 18 years and over with acute diverticular abscesses</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s) / exposure(s) / prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch14.l2"><li id="ch14.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Percutaneous drainage</div></li><li id="ch14.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics</div></li><li id="ch14.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery</div></li><li id="ch14.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Combinations of treatments</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s) / control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch14.l3"><li id="ch14.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Compared to each other</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:
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<ul id="ch14.l4"><li id="ch14.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li id="ch14.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li id="ch14.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Morbidity</div></li><li id="ch14.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>Progression of disease</div></li><li id="ch14.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>recurrence of abscess</div></li><li id="ch14.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications:
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<ul id="ch14.l5" class="circle"><li id="ch14.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>infections</div></li><li id="ch14.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>abscesses</div></li><li id="ch14.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>perforation</div></li><li id="ch14.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>fistula</div></li><li id="ch14.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>stricture</div></li><li id="ch14.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>haemorrhage</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch14.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>Re-hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch14.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for further surgery/percutaneous drain</div></li><li id="ch14.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>Anastomotic leak rate</div></li><li id="ch14.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>Stoma</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews of RCTs.</p>
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<p>If no sufficient RCT evidence is available, search for observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusions:
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<ul id="ch14.l6"><li id="ch14.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>Children and young people aged 17 years and younger</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity / subgroup analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroups:
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<ul id="ch14.l7"><li id="ch14.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>people of Asian family origin as they are known to develop right-sided diverticula</div></li><li id="ch14.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>immunocompromised population</div></li><li id="ch14.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aged <50 years, ≥50 years</div></li><li id="ch14.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Abscess size <6 cm, ≥ 6 cm</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening / selection / analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies are sifted by title and abstract. Potentially significant publications obtained in full text are then assessed against the inclusion criteria specified in this protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch14.l8"><li id="ch14.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pairwise meta-analyses performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</div></li><li id="ch14.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>GRADEpro used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome</div></li><li id="ch14.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bibliographies, citations and study sifting managed using EndNote</div></li><li id="ch14.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data extractions performed using EviBase, a platform designed and maintained by the National Guideline Centre (NGC)</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/conditions-and-diseases/digestive-tract-conditions/diverticular-disease" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/conditions-and-diseases<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/digestive-tract-conditions<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/diverticular-disease</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch14.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms / duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch14.appd">appendix D</a> of the evidence report.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch14.appd">Appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch14.appg">G</a> (health economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome / study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
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<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for quantitative analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the separate Methods report (Chapter R) for this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale / context – what is known</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the evidence review. The committee was convened by the National Guideline Centre (NGC) and chaired by James Dalrymple in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>Staff from NGC undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the evidence review in collaboration with the committee. For details please see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding / support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds NGC to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health and social care in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appatab2"><div id="ch14.appa.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Objectives</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search criteria</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch14.l9"><li id="ch14.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the clinical review protocol above.</div></li><li id="ch14.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant health economic study design (cost–utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost–consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li id="ch14.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of health economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li id="ch14.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li id="ch14.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a health economic study filter – see <a href="#ch14.appb">appendix B</a> below.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Review strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2002, abstract-only studies and studies from non-OECD countries or the USA will also be excluded.</p>
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<p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in <a href="#ch14.apph">appendix H</a> of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref20" rid="ch14.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></p>
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<p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b>
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<ul id="ch14.l10"><li id="ch14.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’ then it will be included in the guideline. A health economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch14.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then a health economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch14.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul>
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<b>Where there is discretion</b></p>
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<p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include health economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to selectively exclude the remaining studies. All studies excluded on the basis of applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation in the excluded health economic studies appendix below.</p>
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<p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p>
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<p><i>Setting:</i>
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<ul id="ch14.l11"><li id="ch14.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch14.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li id="ch14.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li id="ch14.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
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<i>Health economic study type:</i>
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<ul id="ch14.l12"><li id="ch14.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost–utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch14.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost–benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–consequences analysis).</div></li><li id="ch14.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li id="ch14.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
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<i>Year of analysis:</i>
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<ul id="ch14.l13"><li id="ch14.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li id="ch14.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2002 or later but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly from before 2002 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li id="ch14.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2002 will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
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<i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis:</i>
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<ul id="ch14.l14"><li id="ch14.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis match with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline.</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appbtab1"><div id="ch14.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Cochrane Reviews to 2018 Issue 11 of 12</p>
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<p>CENTRAL to 2018 Issue 11 of 12</p>
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<p>DARE, and NHSEED to 2015 Issue 2 of 4</p>
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<p>HTA to 2016 Issue 2 of 4</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appbtab2"><div id="ch14.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3-10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 not 12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/13-19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22-28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/50-59</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cohort studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Controlled Before-After Studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Historically Controlled Study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted Time Series Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30-39</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/41-42</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 or 43</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/45-46</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 or 47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 or 43 or 47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 and (29 or 40 or 60)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appbtab3"><div id="ch14.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3-7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 not 9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/10-17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20-28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30-39</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">follow-up/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 and 49</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/41-47,50-54</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/56-57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or 58</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cross-sectional study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/60-61</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or 62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or 58 or 62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">and (29 or 40 or 64)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appbtab4"><div id="ch14.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appbtab5"><div id="ch14.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics modelling studies</p>
|
|
<p>Quality of life studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics modelling studies</p>
|
|
<p>Quality of life studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>HTA - Inception – 13 November 2018</p>
|
|
<p>NHSEED - Inception to March 2015</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appbtab6"><div id="ch14.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3-10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 not 12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/13-19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22-37</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp models, economic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Models, Theoretical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">markov chains/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Decision Theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Models, Organizational/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*models, statistical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*logistic models/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">models, nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((organi?ation* or operation* or service* or concept*) adj3 (model* or map* or program* or simulation* or system* or analys*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(econom* adj2 (theor* or system* or map* or evaluat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SSM or SODA).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(strateg* adj3 (option* or choice*) adj3 (analys* or decision*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">soft systems method*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Meta-heuristic* or Metaheuristic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dynamic* adj2 (model* or system*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(simulation adj3 (model* or discrete event* or agent)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(microsimulation* or “micro* simulation*”).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((flow or core) adj2 model*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(data adj2 envelopment*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">system* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/41-64</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality-adjusted life years/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(quality adj2 (wellbeing or well being)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disability adjusted life.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qal* or qtime* or qwb* or daly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or eq5d* or eq 5*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol* or hql* or hqol* or h qol* or hrqol* or hr qol*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health utility* or utility score* or disutilit* or utility value*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health* year* equivalent* or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete choice*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(willingness to pay or time tradeoff or time trade off or tto or standard gamble*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36* or sf 36* or short form 36* or shortform 36* or shortform36*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12* or sf 12* or short form 12* or shortform 12* or shortform12*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8* or sf 8* or short form 8* or shortform 8* or shortform8*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6* or sf 6* or short form 6* or shortform 6* or shortform6*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22-40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 and (38 or 63 or 83)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appbtab7"><div id="ch14.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3-7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 not 9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/10-17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20-35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">statistical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*theoretical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonbiological model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stochastic model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision tree/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp nursing theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((organi?ation* or operation* or service* or concept*) adj3 (model* or map* or program* or simulation* or system* or analys*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(econom* adj2 (theor* or system* or map* or evaluat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SSM or SODA).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(strateg* adj3 (option* or choice*) adj3 (analys* or decision*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">soft systems method*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Meta-heuristic* or Metaheuristic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dynamic* adj2 (model* or system*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(simulation adj3 (model* or discrete event* or agent)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(microsimulation* or “micro* simulation*”).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((flow or core) adj2 model*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(data adj2 envelopment*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">system* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/39-61</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality adjusted life year/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">"quality of life index"/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">short form 12/ or short form 20/ or short form 36/ or short form 8/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(quality adj2 (wellbeing or well being)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disability adjusted life.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qal* or qtime* or qwb* or daly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or eq5d* or eq 5*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol* or hql* or hqol* or h qol* or hrqol* or hr qol*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health utility* or utility score* or disutilit* or utility value*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health* year* equivalent* or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete choice*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(willingness to pay or time tradeoff or time trade off or tto or standard gamble*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36* or sf 36* or short form 36* or shortform 36* or shortform36*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12* or sf 12* or short form 12* or shortform 12* or shortform12*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8* or sf 8* or short form 8* or shortform 8* or shortform8*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6* or sf 6* or short form 6* or shortform 6* or shortform6*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20-40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 and (36 or 60 or 82)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appbtab8"><div id="ch14.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appcfig1"><div id="ch14.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20percutaneous%20drainage%20of%20abscesses.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of percutaneous drainage of abscesses." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of percutaneous drainage of abscesses</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig1"><div id="ch14.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Re-hospitalisation%20(readmission%20due%20to%20diverticulitis).&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig2"><div id="ch14.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Mortality%20within%2030%20days%20of%20admission.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Mortality within 30 days of admission." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Mortality within 30 days of admission</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig3"><div id="ch14.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Mortality%20within%2030%20days%20of%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Mortality within 30 days of discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Mortality within 30 days of discharge</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig4"><div id="ch14.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Re-hospitalisation%20(readmission%2C%20reasons%20other%20than%20diverticulitis).&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig5"><div id="ch14.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Re-hospitalisation%20(readmission%20due%20to%20diverticulitis).&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig6"><div id="ch14.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Need%20for%20further%20surgery%2Fpercutaneous%20drain.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Need for further surgery/percutaneous drain." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Need for further surgery/percutaneous drain</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig7"><div id="ch14.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Stoma%20creation.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Stoma creation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Stoma creation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig8"><div id="ch14.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Re-hospitalisation%20(readmission%20due%20to%20diverticulitis).&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig9"><div id="ch14.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Mortality.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Mortality." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Mortality</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig10"><div id="ch14.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Overall%20morbidity.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Overall morbidity." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Overall morbidity</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig11"><div id="ch14.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Overall%20stoma%20rate.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Overall stoma rate." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Overall stoma rate</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig12"><div id="ch14.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Mortality%20within%2030%20days%20of%20admission.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef12.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Mortality within 30 days of admission." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Mortality within 30 days of admission</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig13"><div id="ch14.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2014.%20Mortality%20within%2030%20days%20of%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef13.jpg" alt="Figure 14. Mortality within 30 days of discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 14</span><span class="title">Mortality within 30 days of discharge</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig14"><div id="ch14.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2015.%20Re-hospitalisation%20(readmission%20due%20to%20diverticulitis).&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef14.jpg" alt="Figure 15. Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 15</span><span class="title">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig15"><div id="ch14.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2016.%20Re-hospitalisation%20(readmission%2C%20reasons%20other%20than%20diverticulitis).&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef15.jpg" alt="Figure 16. Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 16</span><span class="title">Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig16"><div id="ch14.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2017.%20Mortality%20within%2030%20days%20of%20admission.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef16.jpg" alt="Figure 17. Mortality within 30 days of admission." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 17</span><span class="title">Mortality within 30 days of admission</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig17"><div id="ch14.appe.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2018.%20Mortality%20within%2030%20days%20of%20discharge.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef17.jpg" alt="Figure 18. Mortality within 30 days of discharge." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 18</span><span class="title">Mortality within 30 days of discharge</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig18"><div id="ch14.appe.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2019.%20Re-hospitalisation%20(readmission%20due%20to%20diverticulitis).&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef18.jpg" alt="Figure 19. Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 19</span><span class="title">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appefig19"><div id="ch14.appe.fig19" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2020.%20Re-hospitalisation%20(readmission%2C%20reasons%20other%20than%20diverticulitis).&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appef19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appef19.jpg" alt="Figure 20. Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 20</span><span class="title">Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appftab1"><div id="ch14.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotics vs. surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotics</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis) (follow-up 1-110 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>142/2475</p>
|
|
<p>(5.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.11 (1.49 to 6.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">74 more per 1000 (from 17 more to 192 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of admission (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>245/2432</p>
|
|
<p>(10.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.75 (1.02 to 3.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">44 more per 1000 (from 1 more to 117 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of discharge (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>48/2175</p>
|
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<p>(2.2%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.56 (0.27 to 1.16)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18 fewer per 1000 (from 29 fewer to 6 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis) (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>403/2432</p>
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<p>(16.6%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.68 (0.53 to 0.87)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">78 fewer per 1000 (from 32 fewer to 114 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appftab2"><div id="ch14.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 23</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. antibiotics</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">antibiotics</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis) (follow-up mean 46-110 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>11/34</p>
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<p>(32.4%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.56 (0.51 to 4.75)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">127 more per 1000 (from 111 fewer to 848 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Need for further surgery/percutaneous drain (follow-up unclear)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>42/62</p>
|
|
<p>(67.7%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">61.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 1.6 (0.85 to 3.01)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">104 more per 1000 (from 39 fewer to 214 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stoma creation (follow-up unclear)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>16/58</p>
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<p>(27.6%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.76 (0.99 to 3.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">103 more per 1000 (from 1 fewer to 291 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment because the point estimate varies widely between studies and I2=70%. Subgroup analysis could not be performed to explain heterogeneity due to there only being two studies, but the mean age in the two studies differed (≥50 years and <50 years).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appftab3"><div id="ch14.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics vs. surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis) (follow-up mean 110 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>6/22</p>
|
|
<p>(27.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 5.73 (1.26 to 26.05)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">227 more per 1000 (from 12 more to 1000 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appftab4"><div id="ch14.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery vs. antibiotics + surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Percutaneous drainage + antibiotics + surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">antibiotics + surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality (follow-up unclear)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/114</p>
|
|
<p>(2.6%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 3.66 (0.23 to 57.57)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30 more per 1000 (from 30 fewer to 80 more)<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Overall morbidity (follow-up unclear)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>42/114</p>
|
|
<p>(36.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.07 (0.63 to 1.83)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24 more per 1000 (from 127 fewer to 286 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Overall stoma rate (follow-up unclear)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>51/114</p>
|
|
<p>(44.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">34.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.3 (0.77 to 2.19)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">103 more per 1000 (from 79 fewer to 409 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Zero events in control group - risk difference entered manually for absolute effect.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appftab5"><div id="ch14.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Percutaneous drainage vs. antibiotics</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Percutaneous drainage</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">antibiotics</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of admission (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/490</p>
|
|
<p>(3.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.34 (0.21 to 0.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">67 fewer per 1000 (from 44 fewer to 80 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of discharge (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/464</p>
|
|
<p>(3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.37 (0.76 to 2.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8 more per 1000 (from 5 fewer to 32 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis) (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>51/490</p>
|
|
<p>(10.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.96 (1.44 to 2.67)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">51 more per 1000 (from 23 more to 89 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis) (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>108/490</p>
|
|
<p>(22%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.33 (1.1 to 1.61)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">55 more per 1000 (from 17 more to 101 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14appftab6"><div id="ch14.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Percutaneous drainage vs. surgery</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Percutaneous drainage</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">surgery</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of admission (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>17/490</p>
|
|
<p>(3.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.6 (0.3 to 1.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">23 fewer per 1000 (from 41 fewer to 13 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality within 30 days of discharge (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/464</p>
|
|
<p>(3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.76 (0.32 to 1.79)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 27 fewer to 32 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission due to diverticulitis) (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>51/490</p>
|
|
<p>(10.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.7 (1.9 to 11.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">81 more per 1000 (from 20 more to 234 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Re-hospitalisation (readmission, reasons other than diverticulitis) (follow-up mean 30 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>108/490</p>
|
|
<p>(22%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">24.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.91 (0.68 to 1.2)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22 fewer per 1000 (from 78 fewer to 49 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch14.appf.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch14appgfig1"><div id="ch14.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2021.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20health%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=558093_ch14appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558093/bin/ch14appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 21. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 21</span><span class="title">Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>* Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p><p>3.4 Non-surgical treatment of acute diverticulitis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er8/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review H</a>)</p><p>3.6.1 Timing of surgery (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er10/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review J</a>)</p><p>3.6.2 Laparoscopic versus open resection (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er11/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review K</a>)</p><p>3.6.4 Primary versus secondary anastomosis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er13/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review M</a>)</p><p>3.8 Laparoscopic lavage versus resection for perforated diverticulitis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er15/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review O</a>)</p><p>3.9 Management of recurrent diverticulitis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er16/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review P</a>)</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch14apphtab1"><div id="ch14.apph.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558093/table/ch14.apph.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch14.apph.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ambrosetti 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref1" rid="ch14.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bernini 1997<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref2" rid="ch14.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dale 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref4" rid="ch14.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Detry 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref5" rid="ch14.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gaertner 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref7" rid="ch14.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Galbraith 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref8" rid="ch14.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gregersen 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref11" rid="ch14.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Systematic review: study designs inappropriate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gregersen 2018<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref10" rid="ch14.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hurme 1995<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref12" rid="ch14.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Knapp 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref14" rid="ch14.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kumar 2006<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref15" rid="ch14.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lamb 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref16" rid="ch14.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macias 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref17" rid="ch14.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mcdermott 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref18" rid="ch14.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mueller 1987<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref19" rid="ch14.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not guideline condition. Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pappalardo 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref21" rid="ch14.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roscoe 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref22" rid="ch14.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schechter 1994<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref23" rid="ch14.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shuler 1996<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref24" rid="ch14.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Suzuki 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref27" rid="ch14.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not review population. Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tou 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref28" rid="ch14.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tudor 1994-1<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref29" rid="ch14.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Villalon 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch14.ref30" rid="ch14.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch14.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract only</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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