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/></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK558085_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for non-surgical management of acute diverticulitis</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Diverticular disease: diagnosis and management</div><p><b>Evidence review H</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 147</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2019 Nov</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3603-8</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch8.s1"><h2 id="_ch8_s1_">1. Non-surgical management of acute diverticulitis</h2><div id="ch8.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What are the most clinically and cost-effective non-surgical treatments for acute diverticulitis??</h3></div><div id="ch8.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>The purpose of this review is to identify the clinical and cost effective non-surgical treatments for people with acute diverticulitis. Treatments are aimed at reducing symptoms, for example pain. For patients treated in the community the main stay of treatment has been bowel rest and oral antibiotics with subsequent review. For patients referred to secondary care the standard treatment for patients with acute diverticulitis has been to advise bowel rest, rehydrate with intravenous fluids and administer antibiotics however recent evidence has suggested that these treatments may not be indicated in all cases. There is also considerable uncertainty regarding how to manage people with recurrent episodes of acute diverticulitis particularly in regards to preventing recurrent episodes.</p></div><div id="ch8.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#ch8.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab1" rid-ob="figobch8tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch8.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="ch8.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>Seven randomised controlled trials (from 8 papers) were included in the review<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref5" rid="ch8.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref11" rid="ch8.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref18" rid="ch8.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref55" rid="ch8.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref56" rid="ch8.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref62" rid="ch8.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref66" rid="ch8.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a><sup>,</sup>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref80" rid="ch8.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a>; these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch8tab2" rid-ob="figobch8tab2">Table 2</a> below. Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch8tab3" rid-ob="figobch8tab3">Table 3</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch8.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#ch8.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch8.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#ch8.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="ch8.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch8.appi">appendix I</a>.</p></div><div id="ch8.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab2" rid-ob="figobch8tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch8.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch8.s1.4.4"><h4>1.4.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab3" rid-ob="figobch8tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Clinical evidence summary: Evidence not suitable for GRADE analysis." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Evidence not suitable for GRADE analysis. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab4" rid-ob="figobch8tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic compared to control for acute diverticulitis." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic compared to control for acute diverticulitis. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab5" rid-ob="figobch8tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic (IV) compared to antibiotic (oral) for acute diverticulitis." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic (IV) compared to antibiotic (oral) for acute diverticulitis. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab6" rid-ob="figobch8tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic (long course) compared to antibiotic (short course) for acute diverticulitis." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic (long course) compared to antibiotic (short course) for acute diverticulitis. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab7"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab7" rid-ob="figobch8tab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Table 7. Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to Aminosalicylate for acute diverticulitis." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab7">Table 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to Aminosalicylate for acute diverticulitis. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab8"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab8" rid-ob="figobch8tab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Table 8. Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to Placebo for acute diverticulitis." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab8">Table 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to Placebo for acute diverticulitis. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab9"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab9" rid-ob="figobch8tab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Table 9. Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate compared to Placebo for acute diverticulitis." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab9">Table 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate compared to Placebo for acute diverticulitis. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch8.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="ch8.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="ch8.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>One health economic study was identified with the relevant comparison and has been included in this review.<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref5" rid="ch8.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> This is summarised in the health economic evidence profile below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch8tab10" rid-ob="figobch8tab10">Table 10</a>) and the health economic evidence table in <a href="#ch8.apph">appendix H</a>.</p></div><div id="ch8.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>One economic study relating to this review question was excluded as it was not applicable.<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref40" rid="ch8.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a> Two economic studies were excluded as they had very serious limitations.<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref35" rid="ch8.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a>
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<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref43" rid="ch8.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a> One economic study relating to this review question was selectively excluded due to the availability of evidence of a greater methodological quality.<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref52" rid="ch8.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a> These are listed in <a href="#ch8.appi">appendix I</a>, with reasons for exclusion given.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch8.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div><div id="ch8.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab10"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 10" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab10" rid-ob="figobch8tab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Table 10. Health economic evidence profile: IV antibiotics versus oral antibiotics." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab10">Table 10</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Health economic evidence profile: IV antibiotics versus oral antibiotics. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch8.s1.5.4"><h4>1.5.4. Unit costs</h4><p>The unit costs below were presented to the Committee, to aid consideration of cost effectiveness.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab11"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 11" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab11" rid-ob="figobch8tab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Table 11. UK costs of laxatives, antibiotics, analgesia, antispasmodics, aminosalicylates, probiotics and prebiotics." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab11">Table 11</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">UK costs of laxatives, antibiotics, analgesia, antispasmodics, aminosalicylates, probiotics and prebiotics. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8tab12"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 12" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8tab12" rid-ob="figobch8tab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Table 12. Example UK costs to people with diverticular disease for items not prescribed on the NHS." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8tab12">Table 12</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Example UK costs to people with diverticular disease for items not prescribed on the NHS. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch8.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="ch8.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch8.l14"><li id="ch8.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics</div></li></ul><div id="ch8.s1.6.1.1"><h5>Antibiotics versus control</h5><p>Evidence from 2 randomised trials demonstrated no clinically important difference for hospitalisation, perforation, abscess, fistula, sigmoid resection, recurrent diverticulitis or mortality (moderate to very low quality). Despite none of the outcomes reaching the threshold to be considered a clinically important difference, the absolute risk difference for the hospitalisation outcome at 6 months was larger than that of the other listed outcomes and favoured antibiotics over no antibiotics.</p></div><div id="ch8.s1.6.1.2"><h5>Antibiotics versus antibiotics</h5><p>Randomised controlled evidence showed no clinically important difference between IV and oral antibiotics in people with acute diverticulitis on hospitalisation, quality of life (physical), quality of life (mental) or abdominal pain (moderate to very low quality).</p><p>Randomised controlled evidence showed no clinically important difference between long course and short course antibiotics in people with acute diverticulitis on the outcomes abscess, fistula, recurrent diverticulitis or surgery (very low quality).</p><ul id="ch8.l15"><li id="ch8.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aminosalicylates</div></li></ul><p>Single randomised trials found no clinically important difference between aminosalicylate plus probiotics when compared to either aminosalicylate alone (n=59, low quality) or placebo (n=56, low quality) in people with acute diverticulitis for the outcome recurrent diverticulitis.</p><p>One randomised controlled trial found no clinically important difference of aminosalicylates on recurrent diverticulitis when compared to placebo in people with acute diverticulitis (n=61, low quality).</p></div></div><div id="ch8.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><ul id="ch8.l16"><li id="ch8.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>A cost-consequences analysis found that outpatient oral antibiotics was cost saving (−£1,100 per patient) compared to inpatient intravenous antibiotics for people with uncomplicated diverticulitis. This study was rated as partially applicable with potentially serious limitations.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="ch8.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="ch8.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="ch8.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee identified quality of life, recurrence of diverticulitis, progression of disease, hospitalisation, surgery or complications (infections, abscesses, perforation, stricture and fistula) as the critical outcomes. The following outcomes were identified as important for management of diverticulitis; mortality, symptom control, and side effects of treatments.</p><p>Mortality was only considered to be an important outcome as it is accepted that the outcome would be unlikely to occur as a result of diverticulitis.</p></div><div id="ch8.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. The majority of the evidence was graded at low or very low quality. This was mostly due to selection and performance bias, resulting in a high risk of bias rating, and imprecision.</p><p>All evidence was obtained from randomised controlled trial studies published within the past 10 years. Observational studies were considered, although no studies were identified for comparisons not already addressed by RCTs.</p><p>No evidence was found for the interventions of bowel rest or analgesia.</p></div><div id="ch8.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>The committee discussed the evidence on the non-surgical management of acute diverticulitis.</p><p>The committee noted that there was little difference in outcomes between people receiving IV and then oral antibiotics and those only receiving an initial dose of IV antibiotics at hospital admission and then being treated as an outpatient without further antibiotics. The committee agreed that watchful waiting is an option if the person is systemically well and has no co-morbidities that increase the risk of infection. This decision would be in the context of shared decision making. The committee noted that some people with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis might require admission for example due to uncontrollable pain. The committee noted that some people can be treated as outpatients with no antibiotic therapy beyond initial IV treatment, but in the studies reflecting this, the population was those with CT-confirmed diverticulitis without complications.</p><p>There was no clinical difference in hospitalisation, quality of life, and pain in those who received IV antibiotics and those who switched to oral antibiotics after the initial IV dose. The committee also agreed that patients should be allowed to eat and drink if tolerated, and should at this point be taken off IV fluids (and IV antibiotics) once a diagnosis of non-complicated acute diverticulitis had been confirmed.</p><p>The committee discussed the evidence from one study comparing a 7-day course of antibiotic to a 4-day course. No clinical difference was seen between treatment durations in complications, recurrence of diverticulitis, or need for surgery. As such, the committee noted that there was no evidence to support a long course of antibiotics. The committee also highlighted that treatment duration longer than necessary could facilitate antibiotic resistance.</p><p>The committee agreed that there was no evidence of notable effect of aminosalicylates on the management of acute diverticulitis.</p></div></div><div id="ch8.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>One cost-consequences study was included comparing inpatient with outpatient antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis. This review question was also prioritised for original health economic modelling incorporating evidence from the randomised controlled trials identified in the clinical review.</p><p>The committee noted that there is no clinical or health economic evidence for non-surgical management strategies for acute diverticulitis in the primary care setting. The committee made a consensus recommendation that a short course of oral antibiotics should be considered in those with suspected acute diverticulitis who do not meet referral criteria for hospital admission. The clinical review suggests that antibiotics are highly cost-effective compared with no antibiotics – they are cheap, effective and there appears to be a reduction in hospitalisation (although this was not statistically significant).</p><p>The committee felt that people presenting with acute diverticulitis in the hospital setting should be given an initial dose of intravenous antibiotics, as indicated by the clinical evidence and established trial protocols and according to current practice.</p><p>The higher costs of strategies requiring hospital admissions compared with interventions delivered in outpatient settings are reflected in the results of a published cost consequence analysis with a Spanish hospital perspective, which estimated that treatment with oral antibiotics in an outpatient setting saved £1,112 per patient compared with inpatient treatment with intravenous antibiotics. The study found no difference in mental or physical quality of life, measured using the SF-12 questionnaire.</p><p>An original cost analysis (see <a href="/books/n/niceng147er7/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Chapter G</a> and Appendix 1, both separate documents) for people with suspected severe or complicated diverticulitis compared:
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<ul id="ch8.l17"><li id="ch8.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>IV antibiotics and no CT</div></li><li id="ch8.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>Initial IV antibiotics and CT. Then discharge with oral antibiotics if uncomplicated</div></li><li id="ch8.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>Initial IV antibiotics and CT. Then discharge with no antibiotics if uncomplicated</div></li></ul></p><p>The lowest cost strategy was ‘CT and then discharge with oral antibiotics if uncomplicated’. Discharging with no antibiotics was more costly because of increased rehospitalisation. These results were robust to sensitivity analysis. The analysis did not consider the long-term consequences in terms of antimicrobial resistance, which would favour no antibiotics. However, neither does it include other outcomes that trended towards favouring oral antibiotics, including sigmoid resection and death. Overall, the committee felt that stepping down to oral antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis was a safe and efficient strategy and that for some patients ceasing all antibiotics would be reasonable.</p><p>Given these findings and on the basis that that the clinical evidence found no difference in effectiveness compared with IV antibiotics, the committee felt that people with acute diverticulitis can be discharged with oral antibiotics, following confirmation by CT that their diverticulitis is not complicated.</p></div><div id="ch8.s1.7.3"><h4>1.7.3. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>The need for intravenous antibiotics should be reviewed, including whether to stop them, within 48 hours in line with current good practice on antibiotic prescribing or after the CT scan.</p><p>The committee noted that in all but one of the studies included in this review the population had a CT confirmation of diverticulitis. While the committee agreed that this was good practice, it was commented that this may not always be available in current practice. The AVOD and DIABOLO studies both report no difference in outcomes for those patients with CT confirmed acute diverticulitis treated with or without antibiotics. However, longer term results suggest a possible increase in recurrent attacks and the need for surgical resection.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch8.rl.r1"><h2 id="_ch8_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref1">Al-Sahaf
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O, Al-Azawi
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D, Fauzi
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MZ, El-Masry
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S, Gillen
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P. Early discharge policy of patients with acute colonic diverticulitis following initial CT scan. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2008; 23(8):817–20 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18443803" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18443803</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref2">Alonso
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S, Pera
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M, Pares
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D, Pascual
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M, Gil
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MJ, Courtier
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et al. Outpatient treatment of patients with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. Colorectal Disease. 2010; 12(10 Online):e278–82 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19906059" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19906059</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref3">Amin
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M, Nallinger
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R, Polk
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HC, Jr.
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Conservative treatment of selected patients with colovesical fistula due to diverticulitis. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1984; 159(5):442–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6495141" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6495141</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref4">Banasiewicz
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T, Francuzik
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W, Bobkiewicz
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A, Krokowicz
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L, Borejsza-Wysocki
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M, Paszkowski
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J
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et al. The influence of rifaximin on diverticulitis rate and quality of life in patients with diverticulosis. Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny. 2017; 89(1):22–31 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28522790" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28522790</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref5">Biondo
|
|
S, Golda
|
|
T, Kreisler
|
|
E, Espin
|
|
E, Vallribera
|
|
F, Oteiza
|
|
F
|
|
et al. Outpatient versus hospitalization management for uncomplicated diverticulitis: A prospective, multicenter randomized clinical trial (DIVER trial). Annals of Surgery. 2014; 259(1):38–44 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23732265" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23732265</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref6">Biondo
|
|
S, Lopez Borao
|
|
J, Millan
|
|
M, Kreisler
|
|
E, Jaurrieta
|
|
E. Current status of the treatment of acute colonic diverticulitis: a systematic review. Colorectal Disease. 2012; 14(1):e1–e11 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21848896" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21848896</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref7">Brar
|
|
MS, Roxin
|
|
G, Yaffe
|
|
PB, Stanger
|
|
J, MacLean
|
|
AR, Buie
|
|
WD. Colonoscopy following nonoperative management of uncomplicated diverticulitis may not be warranted. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2013; 56(11):1259–64 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24105001" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24105001</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref8">Brochmann
|
|
ND, Schultz
|
|
JK, Jakobsen
|
|
GS, Oresland
|
|
T. Management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis without antibiotics: a single-centre cohort study. Colorectal Disease. 2016; 18(11):1101–1107 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27089051" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27089051</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref9">Byrnes
|
|
MC, Mazuski
|
|
JE. Antimicrobial therapy for acute colonic diverticulitis. Surgical Infections. 2009; 10(2):143–54 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19226204" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19226204</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref10">Carter
|
|
F, Alsayb
|
|
M, Marshall
|
|
JK, Yuan
|
|
Y. Mesalamine (5-ASA) for the prevention of recurrent diverticulitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|
|
2017, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD009839. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009839.pub2. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6485423/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6485423</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28973845" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28973845</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009839.pub2" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref11">Chabok
|
|
A, Påhlman
|
|
L, Hjern
|
|
F, Haapaniemi
|
|
S, Smedh
|
|
K. Randomized clinical trial of antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. British Journal of Surgery. 2012; 99(4):532–539 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22290281" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22290281</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref12">Chabok
|
|
A, Smedh
|
|
K. No benefit with antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Lakartidningen. 2013; 110(17–18):878 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23717938" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23717938</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref13">Chang
|
|
SS, Hu
|
|
HY. Long-term use of steroids protects from the development of symptomatic diverticulitis requiring hospitalization in the Asian population. PloS One. 2015; 10(4):e0124598 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4412717/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4412717</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25919040" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25919040</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref14">Chautems
|
|
RC, Ambrosetti
|
|
P, Ludwig
|
|
A, Mermillod
|
|
B, Morel
|
|
P, Soravia
|
|
C. Long-term follow-up after first acute episode of sigmoid diverticulitis: Is surgery mandatory?: A prospective study of 118 patients. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2002; 45(7):962–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12130887" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12130887</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref15">Chiu
|
|
PW, Lam
|
|
CY, Chow
|
|
TL, Kwok
|
|
SP. Conservative approach is feasible in the management of acute diverticulitis of the right colon. ANZ Journal of Surgery. 2001; 71(11):634–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11736820" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11736820</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>16.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref16">Colas
|
|
PA, Duchalais
|
|
E, Duplay
|
|
Q, Serra-Maudet
|
|
V, Kanane
|
|
S, Ridereau-Zins
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Failure of conservative treatment of acute diverticulitis with extradigestive air. World Journal of Surgery. 2017; 41(7):1890–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28258453" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28258453</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>17.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref17">Dahl
|
|
C, Crichton
|
|
M, Jenkins
|
|
J, Nucera
|
|
R, Mahoney
|
|
S, Marx
|
|
W
|
|
et al. Evidence for dietary fibre modification in the recovery and prevention of reoccurrence of acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis: A systematic literature review. Nutrients. 2018; 10(2):137 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5852713/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5852713</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29382074" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29382074</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>18.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref18">Daniels
|
|
L, Ünlü
|
|
Ç, Korte
|
|
N, Dieren
|
|
S, Stockmann
|
|
HB, Vrouenraets
|
|
BC
|
|
et al. Randomized clinical trial of observational versus antibiotic treatment for a first episode of CT-proven uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. British Journal of Surgery. 2017; 104(1):52–61 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27686365" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27686365</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>19.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref19">Dharmarajan
|
|
S, Hunt
|
|
SR, Birnbaum
|
|
EH, Fleshman
|
|
JW, Mutch
|
|
MG. The efficacy of nonoperative management of acute complicated diverticulitis. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2011; 54(6):663–71 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21552049" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21552049</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>20.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref20">Dughera
|
|
L, Serra
|
|
AM, Battaglia
|
|
E, Tibaudi
|
|
D, Navino
|
|
M, Emanuelli
|
|
G. Acute recurrent diverticulitis is prevented by oral administration of a polybacterial lysate suspension. Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica. 2004; 50(2):149–153 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15722985" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15722985</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>21.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref21">Eglinton
|
|
TW. Randomized clinical trial of antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (Br J Surg 2012; 99: 532–539). British Journal of Surgery. 2012; 99(4):540 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22396052" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22396052</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>22.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref22">Estrada Ferrer
|
|
O, Ruiz Edo
|
|
N, Hidalgo Grau
|
|
LA, Abadal Prades
|
|
M, del Bas Rubia
|
|
M, Garcia Torralbo
|
|
EM
|
|
et al. Selective non-antibiotic treatment in sigmoid diverticulitis: is it time to change the traditional approach?
|
|
Techniques in Coloproctology. 2016; 20(5):309–315 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27053254" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27053254</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>23.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref23">Ha
|
|
GW, Lee
|
|
MR, Kim
|
|
JH. Efficacy of conservative management in patients with right colonic diverticulitis. ANZ Journal of Surgery. 2017; 87(6):467–470 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25786747" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25786747</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>24.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref24">Hjern
|
|
F, Josephson
|
|
T, Altman
|
|
D, Holmstrom
|
|
B, Mellgren
|
|
A, Pollack
|
|
J
|
|
et al. Conservative treatment of acute colonic diverticulitis: are antibiotics always mandatory?
|
|
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 2007; 42(1):41–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17190761" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17190761</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>25.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref25">Isacson
|
|
D, Andreasson
|
|
K, Nikberg
|
|
M, Smedh
|
|
K, Chabok
|
|
A. No antibiotics in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis: does it work?
|
|
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 2014; 49(12):1441–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25369865" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25369865</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref26">Issa
|
|
N, Paran
|
|
H, Yasin
|
|
M, Neufeld
|
|
D. Conservative treatment of right-sided colonic diverticulitis. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2012; 24(11):1254–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22872077" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22872077</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref27">Jackson
|
|
JD, Hammond
|
|
T. Systematic review: Outpatient management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2014; 29(7):775–781 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24859874" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24859874</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref28">Kaushik
|
|
M, Bhullar
|
|
JS, Bindroo
|
|
S, Singh
|
|
H, Mittal
|
|
VK. Minimally invasive management of complicated diverticular disease: Current status and review of literature. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2016; 61(3):663–72 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26547753" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26547753</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref29">Kellum
|
|
JM, Sugerman
|
|
HJ, Coppa
|
|
GF, Way
|
|
LR, Fine
|
|
R, Herz
|
|
B
|
|
et al. Randomized, prospective comparison of cefoxitin and gentamicin-clindamycin in the treatment of acute colonic diverticulitis. Clinical Therapeutics. 1992; 14(3):376–384 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1638578" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1638578</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref30">Khan
|
|
MA, Ali
|
|
B, Lee
|
|
WM, Howden
|
|
CW. Mesalamine does not help prevent recurrent acute colonic diverticulitis: Meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2016; 111(4):579–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27125717" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27125717</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref31">Kruis
|
|
W, Kardalinos
|
|
V, Eisenbach
|
|
T, Lukas
|
|
M, Vich
|
|
T, Bunganic
|
|
I
|
|
et al. Randomised clinical trial: mesalazine versus placebo in the prevention of diverticulitis recurrence. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2017; 46(3):282–91 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5518301/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5518301</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28543263" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28543263</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>32.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref32">Kvasnovsky
|
|
CL, Bjarnason
|
|
I, Donaldson
|
|
AN, Sherwood
|
|
RA, Papagrigoriadis
|
|
S. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a multi-strain probiotic in treatment of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease. Inflammopharmacology. 2017; 25(5):499–509 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28528364" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28528364</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref33">Lanas
|
|
A, Ponce
|
|
J, Bignamini
|
|
A, Mearin
|
|
F. One year intermittent rifaximin plus fibre supplementation vs. fibre supplementation alone to prevent diverticulitis recurrence: a proof-of-concept study. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2013; 45(2):104–109 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23092785" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23092785</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>34.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref34">Leahy
|
|
AL, Ellis
|
|
RM, Quill
|
|
DS, Peel
|
|
AL. High fibre diet in symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 1985; 67(3):173–4 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2498056/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2498056</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2988400" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2988400</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>35.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref35">Lorente
|
|
L, Cots
|
|
F, Alonso
|
|
S, Pascual
|
|
M, Salvans
|
|
S, Courtier
|
|
R
|
|
et al. Outpatient treatment of uncomplicated acute diverticulitis: Impact on healthcare costs. Cirugia Espanola. 2013; 91(8):504–509 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23764519" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23764519</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref36">Macias
|
|
LH, Haukoos
|
|
JS, Dixon
|
|
MR, Sorial
|
|
E, Arnell
|
|
TD, Stamos
|
|
MJ
|
|
et al. Diverticulitis: truly minimally invasive management. American Surgeon. 2004; 70(10):932–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15529855" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15529855</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref37">Mali
|
|
JP, Mentula
|
|
PJ, Leppaniemi
|
|
AK, Sallinen
|
|
VJ. Symptomatic treatment for uncomplicated acute diverticulitis: A prospective cohort study. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2016; 59(6):529–34 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27145310" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27145310</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref38">Markun
|
|
S. Acute uncomplicated diverticulitis - ambulatory treatment. Praxis. 2014; 103(11):667–668 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24846894" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24846894</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref39">Mayl
|
|
J, Marchenko
|
|
M, Frierson
|
|
E. Management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis may exclude antibiotic therapy. Cureus. 2017; 9(5):e1250 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5472399/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5472399</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28630808" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28630808</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref40">Mizuki
|
|
A, Nagata
|
|
H, Tatemichi
|
|
M, Kaneda
|
|
S, Tsukada
|
|
N, Ishii
|
|
H
|
|
et al. The out-patient management of patients with acute mild-to-moderate colonic diverticulitis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2005; 21(7):889–97 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15801924" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15801924</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>41.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref41">Moon
|
|
HJ, Park
|
|
JK, Lee
|
|
JI, Lee
|
|
JH, Shin
|
|
HJ, Kim
|
|
WS
|
|
et al. Conservative treatment for patients with acute right colonic diverticulitis. American Surgeon. 2007; 73(12):1237–41 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18186379" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18186379</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>42.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref42">Mora Lopez
|
|
L, Ruiz-Edo
|
|
N, Serra Pla
|
|
S, Pallisera Llovera
|
|
A, Navarro Soto
|
|
S, Serra-Aracil
|
|
X
|
|
et al. Multicentre, controlled, randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of ambulatory treatment of mild acute diverticulitis without antibiotics with the standard treatment with antibiotics. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2017; 32(10):1509–1516 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28808771" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28808771</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref43">Moya
|
|
P, Arroyo
|
|
A, Perez-Legaz
|
|
J, Serrano
|
|
P, Candela
|
|
F, Soriano-Irigaray
|
|
L
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|
et al. Applicability, safety and efficiency of outpatient treatment in uncomplicated diverticulitis. Techniques in Coloproctology. 2012; 16(4):301–307 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22706731" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22706731</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref44">Moya
|
|
P, Bellon
|
|
M, Arroyo
|
|
A, Galindo
|
|
I, Candela
|
|
F, Lacueva
|
|
J
|
|
et al. Outpatient treatment in uncomplicated acute diverticulitis: 5-year experience. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology. 2016; 27(4):330–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27458848" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27458848</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>45.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref45">Mueller
|
|
MH, Glatzle
|
|
J, Kasparek
|
|
MS, Becker
|
|
HD, Jehle
|
|
EC, Zittel
|
|
TT
|
|
et al. Long-term outcome of conservative treatment in patients with diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2005; 17(6):649–54 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15879727" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15879727</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>46.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref46">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual. London. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Available from: <a href="http://www.nice.org.uk/article/PMG20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org.uk<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/article/PMG20/chapter<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26677490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26677490</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>47.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref47">Neumann
|
|
L, Gruenagel
|
|
HH, Model
|
|
P. Colon diverticulitis conservative and surgical treatment. Die Medizinische Welt. 1991; 42:771–773</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>48.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref48">Ogawa
|
|
K, Nishijima
|
|
K, Futagami
|
|
F, Nakamura
|
|
T, Nishimura
|
|
G. Effectiveness of traditional Japanese herbal (kampo) medicine, daiobotanpito, in combination with antibiotic therapy in the treatment of acute diverticulitis: a preliminary study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013; 2013:305414 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3775446/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3775446</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24078823" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24078823</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>49.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref49">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Purchasing power parities (PPP). 2012. Available from: <a href="http://www.oecd.org/sdd/prices-ppp/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.oecd.org/sdd/prices-ppp/</a> Last accessed: 02/02/18</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>50.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref50">Parente
|
|
F, Bargiggia
|
|
S, Prada
|
|
A, Bortoli
|
|
A, Giacosa
|
|
A, Germanà
|
|
B
|
|
et al. Intermittent treatment with mesalazine in the prevention of diverticulitis recurrence: a randomised multicentre pilot double-blind placebo-controlled study of 24-month duration. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2013; 28(10):1423–1431 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23754545" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23754545</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>51.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref51">Park
|
|
HC, Chang
|
|
MY, Lee
|
|
BH. Nonoperative management of right colonic diverticulitis using radiologic evaluation. Colorectal Disease. 2010; 12(2):105–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19016818" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19016818</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>52.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref52">Park
|
|
HC, Kim
|
|
BS, Lee
|
|
BH. Management of right colonic uncomplicated diverticulitis: outpatient versus inpatient management. World Journal of Surgery. 2011; 35(5):1118–22 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21409607" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21409607</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>53.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref53">Picchio
|
|
M, Elisei
|
|
W, Brandimarte
|
|
G, Mario
|
|
F, Malfertheiner
|
|
P, Scarpignato
|
|
C
|
|
et al. Mesalazine for the treatment of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon and for primary prevention of diverticulitis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2016; 50:S64–S69 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27622370" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27622370</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>54.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref54">Raskin
|
|
JB, Kamm
|
|
MA, Jamal
|
|
MM, Márquez
|
|
J, Melzer
|
|
E, Schoen
|
|
RE
|
|
et al. Mesalamine did not prevent recurrent diverticulitis in phase 3 controlled trials. Gastroenterology. 2014; 147(4):793–802 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25038431" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25038431</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>55.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref55">Ribas
|
|
Y, Bombardó
|
|
J, Aguilar
|
|
F, Jovell
|
|
E, Alcantara-Moral
|
|
M, Campillo
|
|
F
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|
et al. Prospective randomized clinical trial assessing the efficacy of a short course of intravenously administered amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid followed by oral antibiotic in patients with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2010; 25(11):1363–1370 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20526718" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20526718</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>56.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref56">Ridgway
|
|
PF, Latif
|
|
A, Shabbir
|
|
J, Ofriokuma
|
|
F, Hurley
|
|
MJ, Evoy
|
|
D
|
|
et al. Randomized controlled trial of oral vs intravenous therapy for the clinically diagnosed acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Colorectal Disease. 2009; 11(9):941–946 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19016815" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19016815</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>57.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref57">Rodriguez-Cerrillo
|
|
M, Poza-Montoro
|
|
A, Fernandez-Diaz
|
|
E, Romero
|
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AI. Patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis and comorbidity can be treated at home. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2010; 21(6):553–4 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21111943" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21111943</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>58.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref58">Rueda
|
|
JC, Jimenez
|
|
A, Caro
|
|
A, Feliu
|
|
F, Escuder
|
|
J, Gris
|
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F
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et al. Home treatment of uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. International Surgery. 2012; 97(3):203–9 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3723222/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3723222</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23113847" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23113847</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>59.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref59">Sallinen
|
|
VJ, Mentula
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|
PJ, Leppaniemi
|
|
AK. Nonoperative management of perforated diverticulitis with extraluminal air is safe and effective in selected patients. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2014; 57(7):875–81 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24901689" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24901689</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>60.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref60">Sanchez-Velazquez
|
|
P, Grande
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|
L, Pera
|
|
M. Outpatient treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis: a systematic review. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2016; 28(6):622–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26891198" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26891198</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>61.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref61">Scarpa
|
|
CR, Buchs
|
|
NC, Poncet
|
|
A, Konrad-Mugnier
|
|
B, Gervaz
|
|
P, Morel
|
|
P
|
|
et al. Short-term intravenous antibiotic treatment in uncomplicated diverticulitis does not increase the risk of recurrence compared to long-term treatment. Annals of Coloproctology. 2015; 31(2):52–6 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4422987/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4422987</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25960972" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25960972</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>62.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref62">Schug-Pass
|
|
C, Geers
|
|
P, Hügel
|
|
O, Lippert
|
|
H, Köckerling
|
|
F. Prospective randomized trial comparing short-term antibiotic therapy versus standard therapy for acute uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2010; 25(6):751–759 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20140619" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20140619</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>63.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref63">Shabanzadeh
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|
DM, Wille-Jorgensen
|
|
P. Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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2012, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD009092. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009092.pub2. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23152268" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23152268</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009092.pub2" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>64.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref64">Shaikh
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S, Krukowski
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ZH. Outcome of a conservative policy for managing acute sigmoid diverticulitis. British Journal of Surgery. 2007; 94(7):876–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17380481" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17380481</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>65.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref65">Stam
|
|
MA, Draaisma
|
|
WA, van de Wall
|
|
BJ, Bolkenstein
|
|
HE, Consten
|
|
EC, Broeders
|
|
IA. An unrestricted diet for uncomplicated diverticulitis is safe: results of a prospective diverticulitis diet study. Colorectal Disease. 2017; 19(4):372–377 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27611011" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27611011</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>66.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref66">Stollman
|
|
N, Magowan
|
|
S, Shanahan
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F, Quigley
|
|
EM. A randomized controlled study of mesalamine after acute diverticulitis: results of the DIVA trial. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2013; 47(7):621–629 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23426454" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23426454</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>67.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref67">Tan
|
|
KK, Wong
|
|
J, Sim
|
|
R. Non-operative treatment of right-sided colonic diverticulitis has good long-term outcome: a review of 226 patients. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2013; 28(6):849–54 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23070046" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23070046</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>68.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref68">Thomas
|
|
K, Jackson
|
|
A, Bell
|
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R. Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing recurrent symptomatic episodes of acute diverticulitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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2013, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD010635. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010635. [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010635" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>69.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref69">Titos-Garcia
|
|
A, Aranda-Narvaez
|
|
JM, Romacho-Lopez
|
|
L, Gonzalez-Sanchez
|
|
AJ, Cabrera-Serna
|
|
I, Santoyo-Santoyo
|
|
J. Nonoperative management of perforated acute diverticulitis with extraluminal air: results and risk factors of failure. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2017; 32(10):1503–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28717840" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28717840</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>70.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref70">Trespi
|
|
E, Colla
|
|
C, Panizza
|
|
P, Polino
|
|
MG, Venturini
|
|
A, Bottani
|
|
G
|
|
et al. Therapeutic and prophylactic role of mesalazine (5-ASA) in symptomatic diverticular disease of the large intestine. 4 Year follow-up results. Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica. 1999; 45(4):245–252 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16498335" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16498335</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>71.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref71">Trespi
|
|
E, Panizza
|
|
P, Colla
|
|
C, Bottani
|
|
G, De
|
|
VP, Matti
|
|
C. Efficacy of low dose mesalazine (5-ASA) in the treatment of acute inflammation and prevention of complications in patients with symptomatic diverticular disease. Preliminary results.. Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica. 1997; 43(3):157–162 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16501486" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16501486</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>72.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref72">Tursi
|
|
A. Balsalazide plus high-potency probiotic preparation (VSL[sharp]3) in the treatment of acute mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis and uncomplicated diverticulitis of the colon. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2008; 42(Suppl 3 Pt 1):S119–22 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18806701" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18806701</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>73.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref73">Tursi
|
|
A, Brandimarte
|
|
G, Daffina
|
|
R. Long-term treatment with mesalazine and rifaximin versus rifaximin alone for patients with recurrent attacks of acute diverticulitis of colon. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2002; 34(7):510–5 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12236485" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12236485</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>74.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref74">Tursi
|
|
A, Brandimarte
|
|
G, Giorgetti
|
|
GM, Elisei
|
|
W, Aiello
|
|
F. Balsalazide and/or high-potency probiotic mixture (VSL#3) in maintaining remission after attack of acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis of the colon. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2007; 22(9):1103–1108 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17390144" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17390144</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>75.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref75">Tursi
|
|
A, Picchio
|
|
M. Mesalazine in preventing acute diverticulitis occurrence: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 2016; 25(3):409–11 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27689212" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27689212</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>76.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref76">Unlu
|
|
C, Daniels
|
|
L, Vrouenraets
|
|
BC, Boermeester
|
|
MA. A systematic review of high-fibre dietary therapy in diverticular disease. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2012; 27(4):419–27 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3308000/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3308000</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21922199" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21922199</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>77.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref77">Unlü
|
|
C, Korte
|
|
N, Daniels
|
|
L, Consten
|
|
EC, Cuesta
|
|
MA, Gerhards
|
|
MF
|
|
et al. A multicenter randomized clinical trial investigating the cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies with or without antibiotics for uncomplicated acute diverticulitis (DIABOLO trial). BMC Surgery. 2010; 10:23 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2919453/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2919453</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20646266" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20646266</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>78.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref78">Urushidani
|
|
S, Kuriyama
|
|
A, Matsumura
|
|
M. 5-aminosalicylic acid agents for prevention of recurrent diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2017; 33(1):12–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28623877" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28623877</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>79.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref79">van Dijk
|
|
ST, Bos
|
|
K, de Boer
|
|
MGJ, Draaisma
|
|
WA, van Enst
|
|
WA, Felt
|
|
RJF
|
|
et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of outpatient treatment for acute diverticulitis. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2018; 33(5):505–512 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5899114/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5899114</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29532202" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29532202</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>80.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref80">van Dijk
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ST, Daniels
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L, Unlu
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C, de Korte
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N, van Dieren
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S, Stockmann
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HB
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et al. Long-Term Effects of Omitting Antibiotics in Uncomplicated Acute Diverticulitis. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2018; 113(7):1045–1052 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29700480" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29700480</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>81.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref81">Van Ooteghem
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G, El-Mourad
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M, Slimani
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A, Margos
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W, El Nawar
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A, Patris
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A
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et al. Is early enteral nutrition dangerous in acute non surgical complicated diverticulitis? About 25 patients fed with oral fiber free energetic liquid diet. Acta Gastroenterologica Belgica. 2013; 76(2):235–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23898562" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23898562</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>82.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref82">Vetter
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D, Schuurmans
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MM, Benden
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C, Clavien
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PA, Nocito
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A. Long-term follow-up of lung transplant recipients supports non-operative treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis. Clinical Transplantation. 2016; 30(10):1264–1270 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27448095" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27448095</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>83.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch8.ref83">Weisberger
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L, Jamieson
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B. How can you help prevent a recurrence of diverticulitis?
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Journal of Family Practice. 2009; 58(7):381–382 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19607778" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19607778</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup8"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup8_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch8.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="ch8.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 13. Review protocol: Review protocol for non-surgical treatments for acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch8.appa.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appatab2" class="figpopup">Table 14. Health economic review protocol</a></p></div><div id="ch8.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014, updated 2017</p><p>For more detailed information, please see the Methodology Review.</p><div id="ch8.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the search where appropriate.</p><p id="ch8.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appbtab1" class="figpopup">Table 15. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch8.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appbtab2" class="figpopup">Table 16. Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch8.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appbtab3" class="figpopup">Table 17. Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch8.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appbtab4" class="figpopup">Table 18. Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</a></p></div><div id="ch8.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to Diverticular Disease population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional searches were run on Medline and Embase for health economics, economic modelling and quality of life studies.</p><p id="ch8.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appbtab5" class="figpopup">Table 19. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch8.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appbtab6" class="figpopup">Table 20. Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch8.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appbtab7" class="figpopup">Table 21. Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch8.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appbtab8" class="figpopup">Table 22. NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</a></p></div></div><div id="ch8.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="ch8.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of non-surgical treatments for acute diverticulitis</a></p></div><div id="ch8.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p id="ch8.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 23. Clinical evidence tables</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 413K)</span></p></div><div id="ch8.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch8.appe.s1"><h4>E.1. Antibiotics compared to control for acute diverticulitis</h4><p id="ch8.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Complication: perforation</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Complication: abscess</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 4. Complication: fistula</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 5. Surgery: sigmoid resection</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 6. Recurrent diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 7. Hospitalisation</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig7" class="figpopup">Figure 8. Mortality</a></p></div><div id="ch8.appe.s2"><h4>E.2. Antibiotics (IV) compared to antibiotics (oral) for acute diverticulitis</h4><p id="ch8.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig8" class="figpopup">Figure 9. Hospitalisation</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig9" class="figpopup">Figure 10. Quality of life (physical)</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig10" class="figpopup">Figure 11. Quality of life (mental)</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig11"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig11" class="figpopup">Figure 12. Symptom: abdominal pain</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig12"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig12" class="figpopup">Figure 13. Symptom: people experiencing abdominal pain</a></p></div><div id="ch8.appe.s3"><h4>E.3. Antibiotics (7 days/long course) compared to antibiotics (4 days/long course) for acute diverticulitis</h4><p id="ch8.appe.fig13"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig13" class="figpopup">Figure 14. Complication: abscess</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig14"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig14" class="figpopup">Figure 15. Complication: fistula</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig15"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig15" class="figpopup">Figure 16. Recurrent diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch8.appe.fig16"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig16" class="figpopup">Figure 17. Surgery</a></p></div><div id="ch8.appe.s4"><h4>E.4. Aminosalicylate + probiotic vs aminosalicylate for acute diverticulitis</h4><p id="ch8.appe.fig17"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig17" class="figpopup">Figure 18. Recurrent diverticulitis</a></p></div><div id="ch8.appe.s5"><h4>E.5. Aminosalicylate + probiotic vs placebo for acute diverticulitis</h4><p id="ch8.appe.fig18"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig18" class="figpopup">Figure 19. Recurrent diverticulitis</a></p></div><div id="ch8.appe.s6"><h4>E.6. Aminosalicylate vs placebo for acute diverticulitis</h4><p id="ch8.appe.fig19"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appe.fig19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appefig19" class="figpopup">Figure 20. Recurrent diverticulitis</a></p></div></div><div id="ch8.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p id="ch8.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 24. Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotic compared to control for acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch8.appf.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appftab2" class="figpopup">Table 25. Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotic (IV) compared to antibiotic (oral) for acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch8.appf.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appftab3" class="figpopup">Table 26. Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotic (long course) compared to antibiotic (short course) for acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch8.appf.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appftab4" class="figpopup">Table 27. Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to Aminosalicylate for acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch8.appf.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appftab5" class="figpopup">Table 28. Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to Placebo for acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch8.appf.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appftab6" class="figpopup">Table 29. Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate compared to Placebo for acute diverticulitis</a></p></div><div id="ch8.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="ch8.appg.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/figure/ch8.appg.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appgfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 21. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</a></p></div><div id="ch8.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Health economic evidence tables</h3><p id="ch8.apph.et1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8-apph-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 30. Health economic evidence tables</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 182K)</span></p></div><div id="ch8.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch8.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><p id="ch8.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appitab1" class="figpopup">Table 31. Studies excluded from the clinical review</a></p></div><div id="ch8.appi.s2"><h4>I.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p id="ch8.appi.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appitab2" class="figpopup">Table 32. Excluded health economic studies</a></p></div></div><div id="ch8.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Research recommendations</h3><p>
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<b>What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of antibiotics for the management of acute diverticulitis in primary care?</b>
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</p><p>There is a need for high quality research to establish the effectiveness of prescribing antibiotics to people displaying symptoms of suspected acute uncomplicated diverticulitis in primary care. Since diagnostic tests such as CT scans are not available in primary care and results for blood tests take longer to arrive than in secondary care, primary care physicians are more likely to use antibiotics as a precaution in situations where acute diverticulitis is suspected. Thus, to avoid complications of antibiotics resistance and to ensure consistency in practice, this is an area which needs research to inform evidence based guidance.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch8appjtab1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch8appjtab1" rid-ob="figobch8appjtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appj.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appj.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch8.appj.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch8appjtab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Population: Adults 18 years and over with a diagnosis of first episode suspected acute diverticulitis
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<i>Intervention/comparison:</i>
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</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and, where appropriate, their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK558085</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32525641" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32525641</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab1"><div id="ch8.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults 18 years and over with acute diverticulitis</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch8.l1"><li id="ch8.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bowel rest (clear fluids only)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics (antibiotic or no antibiotic, choice of antibiotic, route of administration and length of treatment)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>Analgesia (paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], opiates, and nefopam)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>IV fluids</div></li><li id="ch8.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aminosalycilates</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch8.l2"><li id="ch8.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>Each other</div></li><li id="ch8.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>No treatment</div></li><li id="ch8.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li><li id="ch8.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dosing strategies</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:
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<ul id="ch8.l3"><li id="ch8.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>Progression of disease</div></li><li id="ch8.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch8.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for surgery</div></li><li id="ch8.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications (infections, abscesses, perforation, stricture, fistula)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrence rates of acute diverticulitis (minimum 1year)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li></ul>
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Important outcomes:
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<ul id="ch8.l4"><li id="ch8.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li id="ch8.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptom control (pain relief)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effects of
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<ul id="ch8.l5" class="circle"><li id="ch8.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics: nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, infections related to antibiotics</div></li><li id="ch8.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Analgesics: nausea and vomiting, constipation</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews of RCTs.</p>
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<p>If no RCT evidence is available, search for observational studies.
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<ul id="ch8.l6"><li id="ch8.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Confounders: age, gender</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab2"><div id="ch8.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biondo 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref5" rid="ch8.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p><b>IV antibiotic:</b> After the first dose of antibiotic, patients were admitted to the ward and administered intravenous antibiotics (amoxicillin 1g and clavulanic acid 125mg) and fluids every 8 hours for at least 36 to 48 hours, up to 10 days until oral feeding was tolerated.</p>
|
|
<p>n=66</p>
|
|
<p><b>Oral antibiotic:</b> After the first dose of antibiotic, patients were discharged and administered oral antibiotics (amoxicillin 875mg and clavulanic acid 125mg) every 8 hours for 10 days.</p>
|
|
<p>n=66</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients aged 18 years and over with uncomplicated diverticulitis defined as pericolic phlegmon. Confirmed by CT scan.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 56.3±13</p>
|
|
<p>Spain</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch8.l7"><li id="ch8.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li id="ch8.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>Readmission</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at 60 days</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">First dose of antibiotic was given intravenously in the emergency department.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chabok 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref11" rid="ch8.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Antibiotic:</b> Orally administered antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin or cefadroxil combined with metronidazole were initiated subsequently on the ward or at discharge.</p>
|
|
<p>n=335</p>
|
|
<p><b>Control:</b> Treatment with intravenous fluids only (no-antibiotic group)</p>
|
|
<p>n=334</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults acute lower abdominal pain with tenderness, body temp ≥38C, raised WBC and C-reactive protein level, signs of diverticulitis on CT</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 57.3±13</p>
|
|
<p>Sweden/Iceland</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch8.l8"><li id="ch8.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complication: abscess</div></li><li id="ch8.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complication: perforation</div></li><li id="ch8.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for surgery: sigmoid resection</div></li><li id="ch8.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrent diverticulitis</div></li><li id="ch8.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptom: abdominal pain</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at 12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All patients received an initial treatment of IV fluids/antibiotics.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Daniels 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref18" rid="ch8.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a> and Van Dijk 2018<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref80" rid="ch8.ref80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Antibiotic:</b> Amoxicillin–clavulanic 1200mg four times daily for at least 48 hr, after which the route could be switched, if tolerated, to oral administration of 625mg three times daily. 10-day regimen.</p>
|
|
<p>n=287</p>
|
|
<p><b>Control:</b> Patients allocated to observational treatment treated directly in an outpatient setting.</p>
|
|
<p>n=283</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adults with a first episode of left-sided, uncomplicated, acute diverticulitis, confirmed by CT.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 57.3±13</p>
|
|
<p>Netherlands</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch8.l9"><li id="ch8.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complication: abscess</div></li><li id="ch8.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complication: perforation</div></li><li id="ch8.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complication: fistula</div></li><li id="ch8.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for surgery: sigmoid resection</div></li><li id="ch8.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrent diverticulitis</div></li><li id="ch8.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch8.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at 24 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Control group treated with antibiotics if symptoms of diverticulitis deteriorated. Considered as treatment failure.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ribas 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref55" rid="ch8.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>IV antibiotic:</b> IV administered amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid 1 g every 8 hr for 8–9 days. At the point of discharge, the patient took oral antibiotic for 5 more days.</p>
|
|
<p>n=25</p>
|
|
<p><b>Oral antibiotic:</b> Upon symptomatic improvements at 24–48 hours, initiated orally administered amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid 1 g every 8 hr in place of IV antibiotics. Advised to continue treatment for 10 days.</p>
|
|
<p>n=25</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients with a clinical diagnosis of uncomplicated acute diverticulitis, which was confirmed by a computed tomography (CT) scan within 24–48 hours of admission.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 53.5</p>
|
|
<p>Spain</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch8.l10"><li id="ch8.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Readmission</div></li><li id="ch8.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms: abdominal pain</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at 2 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All patients received an initial treatment of IV antibiotics.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ridgway 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref56" rid="ch8.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>IV antibiotic:</b> Ciprofloxacin 400mg BD / Metronidazole 500mg TDS. Fasted on entry for 24 hours, IV fluids only. Progressed onto oral intake/oral antibiotics according to attending physicians’ daily examination until discharge.</p>
|
|
<p>n=38</p>
|
|
<p><b>Oral antibiotic:</b> Ciprofloxacin 400mg BD / Metronidazole 500mg TDS until discharge.</p>
|
|
<p>n=25</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients who presented with a clinical syndrome of left iliac fossa pain and local tenderness, symptomatic of diverticulitis. CT diagnosis was not available for participants.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age (range): 67 (31–86)</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch8.l11"><li id="ch8.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms: abdominal pain</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at 3 days</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Inclusion of all left iliac fossa pain syndromes, the majority of whom would be expected to have diverticulitis.</p>
|
|
<p>IV antibiotic patients progressed onto oral antibiotics.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schug-pass 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref62" rid="ch8.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Antibiotic(4-days):</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Ertapenem (a 1-ß-carbapenem, available as an intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic) 1g/d</p>
|
|
<p>n=50</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<b>Antibiotic(7-days):</b>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Ertapenem (a 1-ß-carbapenem, available as an intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic) 1g/d</p>
|
|
<p>n=56</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Adult patients admitted to hospital because of a diagnostically confirmed acute episode of sigmoid diverticulitis and the necessity of an inpatient treatment with parenteral nutrition.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 59.4±12.1</p>
|
|
<p>Germany</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch8.l12"><li id="ch8.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complication: abscess</div></li><li id="ch8.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complication: fistula</div></li><li id="ch8.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for surgery: elective surgery</div></li><li id="ch8.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrent diverticulitis</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at 1 year</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stollman 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref66" rid="ch8.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Aminosalicylate + probiotic:</b> Mesalamine (Asacol) 400mg 6 times daily + probiotic (Align) B. infantis 35624, 1billion units, once daily for 12 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>n=36</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aminosalicylate:</b> Mesalamine (Asacol) 400mg 6 times daily for 12 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>n=40</p>
|
|
<p><b>Placebo:</b> Placebo 6 times daily for 12 weeks.</p>
|
|
<p>n=41</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute diverticulitis confirmed by CT scan.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age(range): 58 (35–83)</p>
|
|
<p>USA</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch8.l13"><li id="ch8.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrent diverticulitis</div></li><li id="ch8.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms: total</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at 12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Probiotic/probiotic placebo introduced after 14 days</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab3"><div id="ch8.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Evidence not suitable for GRADE analysis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcome</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention results</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention group (n)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison results</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison group (n)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chabok 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref11" rid="ch8.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Antibiotic vs control</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Symptom: abdominal pain at 12 months (VAS)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">335</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">334</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_8" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_7" colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There were no differences between groups for pain (VAS): P=0.253–0.886</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Stollman 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref66" rid="ch8.ref66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aminosalicylate + probiotic vs Aminosalicylate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Symptom: Global Symptom Score</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_8" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aminosalicylate + probiotic vs Placebo</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aminosalicylate vs placebo</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch8.tab3_1_1_1_7" colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The difference between groups did not reach statistical significance at the end of the 12 week intervention period, or at any of the 9 month follow up visits.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab4"><div id="ch8.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic compared to control for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Antibiotic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complication: perforation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1091</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>b</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>OR 0.28</p>
|
|
<p>(0.08 to 0.99)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 20 fewer to 0 more)<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complication: abscess</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1091</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>b</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.16</p>
|
|
<p>(0.36 to 3.78)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 6 fewer to 25 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complication: fistula</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>468</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>b</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>OR 0.94</p>
|
|
<p>(0.06 to 15.12)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 4 fewer to 53 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sigmoid resection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1085</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>b</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.59</p>
|
|
<p>(0.33 to 1.07)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>23 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 38 fewer to 4 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recurrent diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1050</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>b</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.97</p>
|
|
<p>(0.73 to 1.29)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">158 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 43 fewer to 46 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospitalisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>528</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.69</p>
|
|
<p>(0.45 to 1.04)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">176 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>55 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 97 fewer to 7 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>472</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>b</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>c</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>OR 0.35</p>
|
|
<p>(0.05 to 2.48)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 12 fewer to 19 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect value calculated manually using risk difference as event rate <1% and zero events in one arm of at least one study</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab5"><div id="ch8.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic (IV) compared to antibiotic (oral) for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Antibiotic (oral)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Antibiotic (IV) (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hospitalisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>161</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>30–60 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.31</p>
|
|
<p>(0.31 to 5.63)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 17 fewer to 111 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life: SF-12 (physical)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>127</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>60 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life: sf-12 (physical) in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>50.3 SF-12</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life: sf-12 (physical) in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.48 lower to 2.08 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Quality of life: SF-12 (mental)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 100.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>127</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>60 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life: sf-12 (mental) in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>53 SF-12</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean quality of life: sf-12 (mental) in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.55 lower to 2.75 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Symptom: abdominal pain</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 4.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>79</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean symptom: abdominal pain in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.26</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean symptom: abdominal pain in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.06 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.5 lower to 0.38 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Symptom: abdominal pain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>44</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>2 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1</p>
|
|
<p>(0.07 to 15)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 43 fewer to 644 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab6"><div id="ch8.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic (long course) compared to antibiotic (short course) for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Antibiotic (short course<sup>c</sup>)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Antibiotic (long course<sup>c</sup>) (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complication: abscess</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>91</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.12</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 6.11)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 23 fewer to 103 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complication: fistula</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>91</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.12</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 6.11)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 23 fewer to 103 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recurrent diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>88</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.39</p>
|
|
<p>(0.35 to 5.46)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>29 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 49 fewer to 335 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>91</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>a</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>b</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.18</p>
|
|
<p>(0.71 to 1.95)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">372 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>67 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 108 fewer to 353 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>b</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>c</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab6_3"><p class="no_margin">In this study, long and short course antibiotics referred to a 7-day and 4-day course of antibiotics, respectively.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab7"><div id="ch8.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to Aminosalicylate for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Aminosalicylate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aminosalicylate + probiotic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recurrent diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>59</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.32</p>
|
|
<p>(0.63 to 2.76)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">281 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>90 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 104 fewer to 495 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab8"><div id="ch8.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to Placebo for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aminosalicylate + probiotic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recurrent diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>56</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.19</p>
|
|
<p>(0.57 to 2.48)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">310 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>59 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 133 fewer to 459 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab9"><div id="ch8.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate compared to Placebo for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aminosalicylate (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Recurrent diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>61</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>1 years</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>a</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.91</p>
|
|
<p>(0.42 to 1.97)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">310 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch8.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 180 fewer to 301 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>a</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab10"><div id="ch8.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Health economic evidence profile: IV antibiotics versus oral antibiotics</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Applicability</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Limitations</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other comments</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental cost</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Incremental effects</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost effectiveness</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Uncertainty</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Biondo 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref5" rid="ch8.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> (Spain)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Partially applicable<sup>(a)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Potentially serious limitations<sup>(b)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Within-trial cost consequences analysis of multicentre RCT (DIVER) comparing hospitalisation with outpatient treatment in people with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. Hospitalised patients received intravenous amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and outpatients received oral antibiotics. 60 day follow-up.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">+£1,112<sup>(c)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>SF-12 (physical)</p>
|
|
<p>0.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>SF-12 (mental)</p>
|
|
<p>0.4 lower</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oral antibiotics dominates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab10_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NA</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Abbreviations: RCT: randomised controlled trial; NA: not applicable; SF-12: 12-item short from health survey</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Within-trial analysis of DIVER multi-centre RCT. Spanish hospital perspective. Population limited to people with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis who responded to first treatment with antibiotics and analgesia</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab10_2"><p class="no_margin">Treatment effect from DIVER trial only. High numbers of eligible patients refused to be included in the trial. Costs were reported interchangeably as per patient and per episode. Cost year not reported. Costs were calculated in one centre (Bellvitge University Hospital) whereas quality of life assessment was conducted five centres. Local factors could have influenced delivery of the two interventions. No conflicts of interest reported.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab10_3"><p class="no_margin">Converted using 2011 purchasing power parities<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref49" rid="ch8.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab11"><div id="ch8.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">UK costs of laxatives, antibiotics, analgesia, antispasmodics, aminosalicylates, probiotics and prebiotics</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Drug</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed daily dose [BNF]<sup>(a)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per unit (£)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per month (£)<sup>(b)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Laxatives</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Isphagula husk 3.5g effervescent granules sachets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 3.5g sachets</p>
|
|
<p>[5–10g once daily]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.09</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5.52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methylcellulose 500mg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 × 500mg tablets daily [3–6 × 500mg tablets twice daily]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.05</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sterculia 62% granules 7g sachets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 7g sachets twice daily</p>
|
|
<p>[1–2 sachets 1–2 times a day]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£13.53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bisacodyl 5mg gastro-resistant tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 x5mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[5–10mg once daily increased if necessary up to 20mg once daily]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£12.66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sodium picosulfate 5mg/5ml oral solution</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 5mg/ml solutions</p>
|
|
<p>[5–10mg once daily]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Senna 7.5mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 7.5mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[7.5–15mg daily (maximum dose 30 mg daily)]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.03</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lactulose 3.1g–3.7g/5ml oral solution</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 × 3.1g–3.7g/5ml oral solution</p>
|
|
<p>[Initially 15ml twice daily, adjusted according to response]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.02</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4.13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macrogol 3350 oral powder 8.5g sachets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 sachets</p>
|
|
<p>[2 sachets once daily usually for up to 2 weeks]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.89<sup>(c)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Docusate sodium 100mg capsules (by mouth)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5 × 100mg capsules</p>
|
|
<p>[Up to 500mg daily in divided doses, adjusted according to response]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.07</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glycerol (by rectum) 4g suppositories</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 × 4g suppository</p>
|
|
<p>[4g, as required]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Micralax (sodium citrate 90mg/ml) 5ml micro-enema</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 enema [1 enema per dose]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£12.35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">British National Formulary</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arachis oil 130ml enema</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 × 130ml enema</p>
|
|
<p>[130ml, as required]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£47.50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£95<sup>(d)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotics (Intravenous)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Co-Amoxiclav 1000mg/200mg powder for solution for injection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1000mg/ 200mg every 8 hours by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.06</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£6.36<sup>(d)</sup>−£31.80<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ciprofloxacin 400mg/200ml solution for infusion bottles</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2× 400mg daily by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£29.12<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Metronidazole500mg/1 00ml infusion 100ml bags</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 × 500mg daily by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£66.99<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ertapenem sodium 1g powder for solution for infusion vials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1g daily by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£31.86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£127.44<sup>(g)</sup>−£223.02<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative Price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Piperacillin 2g/Tazobactam 250mg powder for solution for injection vials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.5g every 8 hours by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.65</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£321.30<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cefuroxime 750mg powder for solution for injection vials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.5g every 8 hours; by intravenous infusion [750mg every 6–8 hours; increased if necessary up to 1.5g every 6–8 hours]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£45.36<sup>(h)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative Price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Amoxicillin 500mg powder for solution for injection vials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3× 500mg daily by intravenous infusion</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.55</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£11.51<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gentamicin 240mg/80ml infusion bags</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5–7mg/kg daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£6.13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£85.80<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotics (Oral)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Co-Amoxiclav 500mg/125mg tablets (oral)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 × 500mg/125mg tablets daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.36<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablets (oral)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2× 500mg tablets daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.15<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Metronidazole 400mg tablets (oral)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 × 400mg daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5.18<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cefadroxil 500mg capsules (oral)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 × 1g daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.32</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£9.03<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cefuroxime 125mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 × 125mg tablets daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.33</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.91<sup>(h)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cephalexin 500mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">500mg every 8 hours</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.71<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Trimethoprim 200mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2× 200mg daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.07</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.93<sup>(f)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Analgesia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paracetamol 500mg (by mouth)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 500mg tablets every 6 hours</p>
|
|
<p>[0.5–1g every 4–6 hours (maximum 4g per day)]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.02</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ibuprofen 400mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 × 400mg tablet 4 times a day</p>
|
|
<p>[Initially 300–400mg 3–4 times a day; increased if necessary to up to 600mg 4 times a day; maintenance 200–400mg 3 times a day, may be adequate]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.03</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Naproxen 250mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>5 × 250mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[Initially 500mg, then 250mg every 6–8 hours as required (maximum dose after the first day 1.25g daily)]</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.03</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4.24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oxycodone 5mg capsules</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 × 5mg capsules daily [5 mg every 4–6 hours, dose to be increased if necessary. Maximum 400mg daily]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£37.28</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oxycodone 10mg/ml solution for injection ampoules</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10mg every 4 hours as required by slow intravenous injection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£292.20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tramadol hydrochloride 50mg capsules</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>100mg every 6 hours</p>
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<p>[Initially 100mg, then 50–100mg every 4–6 hours]</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.02</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.76</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF NHS Indicative Price</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morphine sulfate 10mg/ml solution for injection ampoules</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initially 10mg every 4 hours by subcutaneous injection</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£170.94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morphine sulfate 10mg/5ml oral solution</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Initially 10mg every 4 hours</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.09</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£16.59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nefopam 30mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>6 × 30mg tablets</p>
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<p>[Initially 60mg, 3 times a day, adjusted according to response; usual dose 30–90mg, 3 times a day]</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£38.90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hyoscine butylbromide 10mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 × 10mg tablets [3 × 10mg tablets daily; increased if necessary up to 20mg 4 times a day]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.05</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4.89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_42_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Antispasmodics</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_42_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Atropine sulfate 600 microgram tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_42_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2 × 600µg tablets</p>
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<p>[600–1200µg daily]</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_42_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_42_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£115.05</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_42_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_44_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylates</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_44_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mesalazine (Octasa®) 800mg gastro-resistant tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_44_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>3 × 800mg tablets daily</p>
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<p>[2.4–4.8g daily]</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_44_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_44_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£40.96</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_44_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_46_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Probiotics and prebiotics</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_46_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VSL#3 Probiotic food supplement oral powder 4.4g sachets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_46_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 × 4.4g sachet daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_46_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_46_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£34.86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab11_1_1_46_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF (NHS indicative price)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Dosages for adults, British National Formulary</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Depending on number of units taken</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab11_3"><p class="no_margin">Cost per 14 day course; not per month</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab11_4"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken for 2 days</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab11_5"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken for 10 days</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(f)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab11_6"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken for 7 days</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(g)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab11_7"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken for 4 days</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(h)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab11_8"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken for 3 days</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8tab12"><div id="ch8.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Example UK costs to people with diverticular disease for items not prescribed on the NHS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Drug</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed daily dose<sup>(a)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per unit (£)</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per month (£)<sup>(b)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Probiotics and prebiotics</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VSL#3 Probiotic food supplement oral powder 4.4g sachets (non-prescribed)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 × 4.4g sachet daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£71.47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retail price from stockist<sup>(e)</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vivomixx (450 billion live bacteria per sachet) 4.4g sachets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 × 4.4g sachet daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£45.02</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retail price from stockist<sup>(e)</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><i>Lactobacillus casei</i>: Probio 10 (containing <i>L. casei</i> 5×10^7 viable cells, among 10 different species of micro-organisms)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 capsule daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available in BNF; Retail price from stockist<sup>(d)</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Symprove™</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1ml/kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.03/ml</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£75.14<sup>(c)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available in BNF; Retail price from stockist<sup>(f)</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Sources: <a href="http://Amazon.co.uk" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Amazon.co.uk</a>, Holland and Barrett, <a href="http://shop.symprove.com" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">shop.symprove.com</a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Dosages for adults</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Depending on number of units taken</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab12_3"><p class="no_margin">Cost exclusive of VAT for a weight of 75kg calculated from the average BMI (BMI 27.7) reported in Kvasnovsky 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref32" rid="ch8.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab12_4"><p class="no_margin">Retail price obtained from Holland and Barrett</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab12_5"><p class="no_margin">Retail price obtained from <a href="http://Amazon.co.uk" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Amazon<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.co.uk</a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(f)</dt><dd><div id="ch8.tab12_6"><p class="no_margin">Retail price obtained from <a href="http://shop.symprove.com" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">shop<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.symprove.com</a></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appatab1"><div id="ch8.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Review protocol: Review protocol for non-surgical treatments for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What are the most clinically and cost-effective non-surgical treatments for acute diverticulitis?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Intervention review</p>
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<p>A review of health economic evidence related to the same review question was conducted in parallel with this review. For details see the health economic review protocol for this NICE guideline.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To find the most effective non-surgical treatments for acute diverticulitis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population / disease / condition / issue / domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults 18 years and over with acute diverticulitis</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s) / exposure(s) / prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch8.l18"><li id="ch8.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bowel rest (clear fluids only)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics (antibiotic or no antibiotic, choice of antibiotic, route of administration and length of treatment)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Analgesia (paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], opiates, and nefopam)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>IV fluids</div></li><li id="ch8.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aminosalycilates</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s) / control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Each other</p>
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<p>No treatment</p>
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<p>Placebo</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Critical outcomes:
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<ul id="ch8.l19"><li id="ch8.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>Progression of disease</div></li><li id="ch8.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch8.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for surgery</div></li><li id="ch8.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications (infections, abscesses, perforation, stricture, fistula)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrence rates of acute diverticulitis (minimum 1year)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li></ul>
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Important outcomes:
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<ul id="ch8.l20"><li id="ch8.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li id="ch8.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptom control (pain relief)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effects of
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<ul id="ch8.l21" class="circle"><li id="ch8.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics: nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, infections related to antibiotics</div></li><li id="ch8.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>Analgesics: nausea and vomiting, constipation</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews of RCTs.</p>
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<p>If no RCT evidence is available, search for observational studies.</p>
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<p>Confounders: age, gender</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusions:
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<ul id="ch8.l22"><li id="ch8.lt67" class="half_rhythm"><div>Children and young people aged 17 years and younger</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity / subgroup analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Strata:
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<ul id="ch8.l23"><li id="ch8.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospitalised and non-hospitalised (community) patients</div></li></ul>
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Subgroups:
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<ul id="ch8.l24"><li id="ch8.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>people of Asian family origin as they are known to develop right-sided diverticula</div></li><li id="ch8.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>Age <50 years and >50 years</div></li><li id="ch8.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>Male and female</div></li><li id="ch8.lt72" class="half_rhythm"><div>Transplant patients/ immunocompromised</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening / selection / analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies are sifted by title and abstract. Potentially significant publications obtained in full text are then assessed against the inclusion criteria specified in this protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch8.l25"><li id="ch8.lt73" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pairwise meta-analyses performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</div></li><li id="ch8.lt74" class="half_rhythm"><div>GRADEpro used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome</div></li><li id="ch8.lt75" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bibliographies, citations and study sifting managed using EndNote</div></li><li id="ch8.lt76" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data extractions performed using EviBase, a platform designed and maintained by the National Guideline Centre (NGC)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/conditions-and-diseases/digestive-tract-conditions/diverticular-disease" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/conditions-and-diseases<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/digestive-tract-conditions<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/diverticular-disease</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch8.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms / duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch8.appd">appendix D</a> of the evidence report.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch8.appd">Appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch8.apph">H</a> (health economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome / study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a></p>
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<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for quantitative analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the separate Methods report (Chapter R) for this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale / context – what is known</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the evidence review. The committee was convened by the National Guideline Centre (NGC) and chaired by James Dalrymple in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>Staff from NGC undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the evidence review in collaboration with the committee. For details please see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding / support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds NGC to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health and social care in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appatab2"><div id="ch8.appa.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Objectives</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search criteria</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch8.l26"><li id="ch8.lt77" class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the clinical review protocol above.</div></li><li id="ch8.lt78" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant health economic study design (cost–utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost–consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li id="ch8.lt79" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of health economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt80" class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li id="ch8.lt81" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a health economic study filter – see <a href="#ch8.appb">appendix B</a> below.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Review strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2002, abstract-only studies and studies from non-OECD countries or the USA will also be excluded.</p>
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<p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in <a href="#ch8.apph">appendix H</a> of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref46" rid="ch8.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></p>
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<p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b>
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<ul id="ch8.l27"><li id="ch8.lt82" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’ then it will be included in the guideline. A health economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch8.lt83" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then a health economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch8.lt84" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul>
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<b>Where there is discretion</b></p>
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<p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include health economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to selectively exclude the remaining studies. All studies excluded on the basis of applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation in the excluded health economic studies appendix below.</p>
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<p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p>
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<p><i>Setting:</i>
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<ul id="ch8.l28"><li id="ch8.lt85" class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch8.lt86" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li id="ch8.lt87" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li id="ch8.lt88" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
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<i>Health economic study type:</i>
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<ul id="ch8.l29"><li id="ch8.lt89" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost–utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch8.lt90" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost–benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–consequences analysis).</div></li><li id="ch8.lt91" class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li id="ch8.lt92" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
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<i>Year of analysis:</i>
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<ul id="ch8.l30"><li id="ch8.lt93" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li id="ch8.lt94" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2002 or later but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly from before 2002 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li id="ch8.lt95" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2002 will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul>
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<i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis:</i>
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<ul id="ch8.l31"><li id="ch8.lt96" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis match with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline.</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appbtab1"><div id="ch8.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Cochrane Reviews to 2018 Issue 11 of 12</p>
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<p>CENTRAL to 2018 Issue 11 of 12</p>
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<p>DARE, and NHSEED to 2015 Issue 2 of 4</p>
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<p>HTA to 2016 Issue 2 of 4</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appbtab2"><div id="ch8.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3–10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 not 12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/13–19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22–28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/50–59</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cohort studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Controlled Before-After Studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Historically Controlled Study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted Time Series Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–39</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/41–42</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 or 43</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/45–46</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 or 47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 or 43 or 47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 and (29 or 40 or 60)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appbtab3"><div id="ch8.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3–7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 not 9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/10–17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20–28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–39</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">follow-up/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 and 49</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/41–47,50–54</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/56–57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 or 58</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cross-sectional study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/60–61</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 or 62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 or 58 or 62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 and (29 or 40 or 64)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appbtab4"><div id="ch8.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appbtab5"><div id="ch8.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Health economics studies</p>
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<p>Health economics modelling studies</p>
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<p>Quality of life studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Health economics studies</p>
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<p>Health economics modelling studies</p>
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<p>Quality of life studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>HTA - Inception – 13 November 2018</p>
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<p>NHSEED - Inception to March 2015</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appbtab6"><div id="ch8.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3–10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 not 12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/13–19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22–37</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp models, economic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Models, Theoretical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">markov chains/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Decision Theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Models, Organizational/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*models, statistical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*logistic models/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">models, nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((organi?ation* or operation* or service* or concept*) adj3 (model* or map* or program* or simulation* or system* or analys*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(econom* adj2 (theor* or system* or map* or evaluat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SSM or SODA).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(strateg* adj3 (option* or choice*) adj3 (analys* or decision*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">soft systems method*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Meta-heuristic* or Metaheuristic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dynamic* adj2 (model* or system*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(simulation adj3 (model* or discrete event* or agent)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(microsimulation* or “micro* simulation*”).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((flow or core) adj2 model*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(data adj2 envelopment*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">system* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/41–64</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality-adjusted life years/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(quality adj2 (wellbeing or well being)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disability adjusted life.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qal* or qtime* or qwb* or daly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or eq5d* or eq 5*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol* or hql* or hqol* or h qol* or hrqol* or hr qol*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health utility* or utility score* or disutilit* or utility value*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health* year* equivalent* or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete choice*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(willingness to pay or time tradeoff or time trade off or tto or standard gamble*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36* or sf 36* or short form 36* or shortform 36* or shortform36*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12* or sf 12* or short form 12* or shortform 12* or shortform12*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8* or sf 8* or short form 8* or shortform 8* or shortform8*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6* or sf 6* or short form 6* or shortform 6* or shortform6*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22–40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">and (38 or 63 or 83)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appbtab7"><div id="ch8.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 21</span><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3–7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 not 9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/10–17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20–35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">statistical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*theoretical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonbiological model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stochastic model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision tree/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp nursing theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((organi?ation* or operation* or service* or concept*) adj3 (model* or map* or program* or simulation* or system* or analys*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(econom* adj2 (theor* or system* or map* or evaluat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SSM or SODA).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(strateg* adj3 (option* or choice*) adj3 (analys* or decision*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">soft systems method*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Meta-heuristic* or Metaheuristic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dynamic* adj2 (model* or system*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(simulation adj3 (model* or discrete event* or agent)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(microsimulation* or “micro* simulation*”).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((flow or core) adj2 model*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(data adj2 envelopment*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">system* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/39–61</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality adjusted life year/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“quality of life index”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">short form 12/ or short form 20/ or short form 36/ or short form 8/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(quality adj2 (wellbeing or well being)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disability adjusted life.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qal* or qtime* or qwb* or daly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or eq5d* or eq 5*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol* or hql* or hqol* or h qol* or hrqol* or hr qol*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health utility* or utility score* or disutilit* or utility value*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health* year* equivalent* or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete choice*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(willingness to pay or time tradeoff or time trade off or tto or standard gamble*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36* or sf 36* or short form 36* or shortform 36* or shortform36*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12* or sf 12* or short form 12* or shortform 12* or shortform12*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8* or sf 8* or short form 8* or shortform 8* or shortform8*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6* or sf 6* or short form 6* or shortform 6* or shortform6*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20–40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">and (36 or 60 or 82)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appbtab8"><div id="ch8.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">diverticul*</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appcfig1"><div id="ch8.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20non-surgical%20treatments%20for%20acute%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of non-surgical treatments for acute diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of non-surgical treatments for acute diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig1"><div id="ch8.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Complication%3A%20perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Complication: perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Complication: perforation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig2"><div id="ch8.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Complication%3A%20abscess.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Complication: abscess." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Complication: abscess</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig3"><div id="ch8.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Complication%3A%20fistula.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Complication: fistula." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Complication: fistula</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig4"><div id="ch8.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Surgery%3A%20sigmoid%20resection.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Surgery: sigmoid resection." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Surgery: sigmoid resection</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig5"><div id="ch8.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Recurrent%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Recurrent diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Recurrent diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig6"><div id="ch8.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Hospitalisation.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Hospitalisation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Hospitalisation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig7"><div id="ch8.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Mortality.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Mortality." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Mortality</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig8"><div id="ch8.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Hospitalisation.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Hospitalisation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Hospitalisation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig9"><div id="ch8.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Quality%20of%20life%20(physical).&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Quality of life (physical)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Quality of life (physical)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig10"><div id="ch8.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Quality%20of%20life%20(mental).&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Quality of life (mental)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Quality of life (mental)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig11"><div id="ch8.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Symptom%3A%20abdominal%20pain.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Symptom: abdominal pain." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Symptom: abdominal pain</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig12"><div id="ch8.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Symptom%3A%20people%20experiencing%20abdominal%20pain.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef12.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Symptom: people experiencing abdominal pain." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Symptom: people experiencing abdominal pain</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig13"><div id="ch8.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2014.%20Complication%3A%20abscess.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef13.jpg" alt="Figure 14. Complication: abscess." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 14</span><span class="title">Complication: abscess</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig14"><div id="ch8.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2015.%20Complication%3A%20fistula.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef14.jpg" alt="Figure 15. Complication: fistula." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 15</span><span class="title">Complication: fistula</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig15"><div id="ch8.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2016.%20Recurrent%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef15.jpg" alt="Figure 16. Recurrent diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 16</span><span class="title">Recurrent diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig16"><div id="ch8.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2017.%20Surgery.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef16.jpg" alt="Figure 17. Surgery." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 17</span><span class="title">Surgery</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig17"><div id="ch8.appe.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2018.%20Recurrent%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef17.jpg" alt="Figure 18. Recurrent diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 18</span><span class="title">Recurrent diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig18"><div id="ch8.appe.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2019.%20Recurrent%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef18.jpg" alt="Figure 19. Recurrent diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 19</span><span class="title">Recurrent diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appefig19"><div id="ch8.appe.fig19" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2020.%20Recurrent%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appef19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appef19.jpg" alt="Figure 20. Recurrent diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 20</span><span class="title">Recurrent diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appftab1"><div id="ch8.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotic compared to control for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complication: perforation (follow-up 12–24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>2/555</p>
|
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<p>(0.36%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.28 (0.08 to 0.99)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">10 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 0 more)<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complication: abscess (follow-up 12–24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>6/555</p>
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<p>(1.1%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.16 (0.36 to 3.78)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1 more per 1000 (from 6 fewer to 25 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complication: fistula (follow-up mean 24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/241</p>
|
|
<p>(0.41%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.94 (0.06 to 15.12)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 4 fewer to 53 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sigmoid resection (follow-up 12–24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>17/550</p>
|
|
<p>(3.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.59 (0.33 to 1.07)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">23 fewer per 1000 (from 38 fewer to 4 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Recurrent diverticulitis (follow-up 12–24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>82/533</p>
|
|
<p>(15.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.97 (0.73 to 1.29)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">5 fewer per 1000 (from 43 fewer to 46 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hospitalisation (follow-up mean 6 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>32/266</p>
|
|
<p>(12%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">17.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.69 (0.45 to 1.04)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">55 fewer per 1000 (from 97 fewer to 7 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality (follow-up mean 24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/242</p>
|
|
<p>(0.41%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.35 (0.05 to 2.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">8 fewer per 1000 (from 12 fewer to 19 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch8.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch8.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch8.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Absolute effect value calculated manually using risk difference as event rate <1% and zero events in one arm of at least one study</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appftab2"><div id="ch8.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotic (IV) compared to antibiotic (oral) for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotic (IV)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotic (oral)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hospitalisation (follow-up 30–60 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>4/86</p>
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<p>(4.7%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.4%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.31 (0.31 to 5.63)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7 more per 1000 (from 17 fewer to 111 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life: SF-12 (physical) (follow-up mean 60 days; range of scores: 0–100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.7 lower (3.48 lower to 2.08 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life: SF-12 (mental) (follow-up mean 60 days; range of scores: 0–100; Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.4 lower (3.55 lower to 2.75 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
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<p>MODERATE</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Symptom: abdominal pain (follow-up mean 3 days; range of scores: 0–4; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.06 lower (0.5 lower to 0.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Symptom: abdominal pain (follow-up mean 2 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1/22</p>
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<p>(4.5%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">4.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1 (0.07 to 15)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0 fewer per 1000 (from 43 fewer to 644 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab2_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch8.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch8.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appftab3"><div id="ch8.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotic (long course) compared to antibiotic (short course) for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotic (long course)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotic (short course)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complication: abscess (follow-up mean 1 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>0/48</p>
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<p>(0%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>1/43</p>
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<p>(2.3%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.12 (0 to 6.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20 fewer per 1000 (from 23 fewer to 104 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">2.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20 fewer per 1000 (from 23 fewer to 103 more)</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complication: fistula (follow-up mean 1 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>0/48</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">OR 0.12 (0 to 6.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20 fewer per 1000 (from 23 fewer to 103 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Recurrent diverticulitis (follow-up mean 1 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>5/48</p>
|
|
<p>(10.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">7.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.39 (0.35 to 5.46)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">29 more per 1000 (from 49 fewer to 335 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Surgery (follow-up mean 1 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>21/48</p>
|
|
<p>(43.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">37.2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.18 (0.71 to 1.95)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">67 more per 1000 (from 108 fewer to 353 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab3_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch8.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch8.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appftab4"><div id="ch8.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to Aminosalicylate for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate + probiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Recurrent diverticulitis (follow-up mean 1 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>10/27</p>
|
|
<p>(37%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.32 (0.63 to 2.76)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">90 more per 1000 (from 104 fewer to 495 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch8.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appftab5"><div id="ch8.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to Placebo for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate + probiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Recurrent diverticulitis (follow-up mean 1 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>10/27</p>
|
|
<p>(37%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.19 (0.57 to 2.48)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">59 more per 1000 (from 133 fewer to 459 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch8.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appftab6"><div id="ch8.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 29</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate compared to Placebo for acute diverticulitis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Recurrent diverticulitis (follow-up mean 1 years)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>9/32</p>
|
|
<p>(28.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.91 (0.42 to 1.97)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">28 fewer per 1000 (from 180 fewer to 301 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch8.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch8.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch8appgfig1"><div id="ch8.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2021.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20health%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=558085_ch8appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558085/bin/ch8appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 21. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 21</span><span class="title">Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>* Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p><p>3.4 Non-surgical treatment of acute diverticulitis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er8/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review H</a>)</p><p>3.6.1 Timing of surgery (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er10/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review J</a>)</p><p>3.6.2 Laparoscopic versus open resection (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er11/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review K</a>)</p><p>3.6.4 Primary versus secondary anastomosis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er13/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review M</a>)</p><p>3.8 Laparoscopic lavage versus resection for perforated diverticulitis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er15/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review O</a>)</p><p>3.9 Management of recurrent diverticulitis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er16/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review P</a>)</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appitab1"><div id="ch8.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 31</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Alonso 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref2" rid="ch8.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Al-sahaf 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref1" rid="ch8.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Amin 1984<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref3" rid="ch8.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Banasiewicz 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref4" rid="ch8.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Biondo 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref6" rid="ch8.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Brar 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref7" rid="ch8.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Brochmann 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref8" rid="ch8.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Confounders not adjusted for</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Byrnes 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref9" rid="ch8.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Carter 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref10" rid="ch8.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chabok 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref12" rid="ch8.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chang 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref13" rid="ch8.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chautems 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref14" rid="ch8.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Chiu 2001<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref15" rid="ch8.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Colas 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref16" rid="ch8.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dahl 2018<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref17" rid="ch8.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: methods are not adequate/unclear</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dharmarajan 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref19" rid="ch8.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dughera 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref20" rid="ch8.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Eglinton 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref21" rid="ch8.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Estrada ferrer 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref22" rid="ch8.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ha 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref23" rid="ch8.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hjern 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref24" rid="ch8.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Evidence from RCTs already included.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Isacson 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref25" rid="ch8.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Confounders not adjusted for</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Issa 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref26" rid="ch8.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Jackson 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref27" rid="ch8.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kaushik 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref28" rid="ch8.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kellum 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref29" rid="ch8.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Confounders not adjusted for</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Khan 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref30" rid="ch8.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kruis 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref31" rid="ch8.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lanas 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref33" rid="ch8.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Leahy 1985<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref34" rid="ch8.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Macias 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref36" rid="ch8.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mali 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref37" rid="ch8.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Markun 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref38" rid="ch8.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mayl 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref39" rid="ch8.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mizuki 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref40" rid="ch8.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moon 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref41" rid="ch8.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mora lopez 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref42" rid="ch8.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Protocol only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moya 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref44" rid="ch8.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mueller 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref45" rid="ch8.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Neumann 1991<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref47" rid="ch8.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ogawa 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref48" rid="ch8.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Parente 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref50" rid="ch8.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Park 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref51" rid="ch8.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Park 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref52" rid="ch8.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Confounders not adjusted for</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Picchio 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref53" rid="ch8.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Raskin 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref54" rid="ch8.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rodriguez-cerrillo 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref57" rid="ch8.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rueda 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref58" rid="ch8.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sallinen 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref59" rid="ch8.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sanchez-velazquez 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref60" rid="ch8.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Scarpa 2015<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref61" rid="ch8.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Evidence already attained through RCTs</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Shabanzadeh 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref63" rid="ch8.ref63"><sup>63</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Shaikh 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref64" rid="ch8.ref64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Stam 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref65" rid="ch8.ref65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tan 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref67" rid="ch8.ref67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Thomas 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref68" rid="ch8.ref68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Protocol only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Titos-garcia 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref69" rid="ch8.ref69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Trespi 1997<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref71" rid="ch8.ref71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Trespi 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref70" rid="ch8.ref70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tursi 2002<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref73" rid="ch8.ref73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Confounders not adjusted for</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tursi 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref74" rid="ch8.ref74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tursi 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref72" rid="ch8.ref72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tursi 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref75" rid="ch8.ref75"><sup>75</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Unlü 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref77" rid="ch8.ref77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Protocol only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Unlu 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref76" rid="ch8.ref76"><sup>76</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Urushidani 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref78" rid="ch8.ref78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Van dijk 2018<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref79" rid="ch8.ref79"><sup>79</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: methods are not adequate/unclear</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Van ooteghem 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref81" rid="ch8.ref81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Vetter 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref82" rid="ch8.ref82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weisberger 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref83" rid="ch8.ref83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appitab2"><div id="ch8.appi.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 32</span><span class="title">Excluded health economic studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appi.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appi.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reference</th><th id="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lorente 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref35" rid="ch8.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a> (Spain)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study was selectively excluded in favour of the Biondo 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref5" rid="ch8.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> within-trial analysis. This study was considered inferior because it was based on an observational study without adequate controlling for confounders.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mizuki 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref40" rid="ch8.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a> (Japan)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study was assessed as not applicable because the costs were from 1997–2002 and were considered too old to be informative.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moya 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref43" rid="ch8.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a> (Spain)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study was selectively excluded in favour of the Biondo 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref5" rid="ch8.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> within-trial analysis. This study was considered inferior because it was based on an observational study without adequate controlling for confounders. Also costs were presented per episode instead of per patient.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Park 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref52" rid="ch8.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a> (Korea)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch8.appi.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This study was selectively excluded in favour of the Biondo 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch8.ref5" rid="ch8.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a> within-trial analysis. This study was considered inferior because it was based on an observational study without adequate controlling for confounders.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch8appjtab1"><div id="ch8.appj.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558085/table/ch8.appj.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch8.appj.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PICO question</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Population: Adults 18 years and over with a diagnosis of first episode suspected acute diverticulitis</p>
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<p>
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<b>Intervention/comparison:</b>
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</p>
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<p>Antibiotics</p>
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<p>No intervention/placebo</p>
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<p>
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<b>Outcomes:</b>
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</p>
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<p>Critical:
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<ul id="ch8.l32"><li id="ch8.lt97" class="half_rhythm"><div>Progression of disease</div></li><li id="ch8.lt98" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch8.lt99" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for surgery</div></li><li id="ch8.lt100" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications (infections, abscesses, perforation, stricture, fistula)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt101" class="half_rhythm"><div>Recurrence rates of acute diverticulitis (minimum 1year)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt102" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li></ul>
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Important:
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<ul id="ch8.l33"><li id="ch8.lt103" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li id="ch8.lt104" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptom control (pain relief)</div></li><li id="ch8.lt105" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effects of
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<ul id="ch8.l34" class="circle"><li id="ch8.lt106" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics: nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, infections related to antibiotics</div></li><li id="ch8.lt107" class="half_rhythm"><div>Analgesics: nausea and vomiting, constipation</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
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Study design:</p>
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<p>RCTs</p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to patients or the population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High quality research in this area would identify whether antibiotics should be prescribed for acute diverticulitis in primary care.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Currently there is uncertainty about whether antibiotics should be prescribed in primary care for people with symptoms of acute diverticulitis. To avoid unnecessary antibiotic exposure, research in this area is needed.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A research recommendation could inform the requirement of antibiotics in primary care and avoid further complication i.e. antibiotic resistance, in people with suspected first episode acute diverticulitis.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There are no RCTs in this area.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients of Asian origin may develop right sided diverticula and so present differently with right sided abdominal pain. These people should be identified, and sub-group analysis performed.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Randomised controlled trial</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There is a potentially large population of patients with this condition who could be recruited to a trial in primary care.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other comments</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance</th><td headers="hd_b_ch8.appj.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High - The committee consider this an important area for further research although they are aware of current research ongoing in the area</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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