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class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK558081_"><span itemprop="name">Evidence review for management of diverticular disease</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Diverticular disease: diagnosis and management</div><p><b>Evidence review D</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 147</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Centre (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2019 Nov</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3603-8</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="ch4.s1"><h2 id="_ch4_s1_">1. Diverticular disease</h2><div id="ch4.s1.1"><h3>1.1. Review question: What is the most clinically and cost-effective treatment for diverticular disease?</h3></div><div id="ch4.s1.2"><h3>1.2. Introduction</h3><p>This review evaluates the evidence for treatment options for diverticular disease. These treatment options could be non-pharmacological treatments such as dietary advice or lifestyle changes or could include pharmacological treatment such as analgesia, aminosalicylates and antibiotics. The aim of these treatments would be to reduce the symptoms of diverticular disease.</p><p>Patients with diverticular disease are generally given dietary advice to increase fibre intake, maintain an adequate fluid intake and maybe avoid certain types of food. The aim of this question was to evaluate the evidence behind these common recommendations. There are currently no medicines routinely used to treat diverticular disease other than potentially recommending bulk forming laxatives if a high fibre diet is insufficient symptom control. Symptoms of diverticular disease often include abdominal pain and analgesia such as paracetamol may be recommended. Generally patients with diverticular disease are advised to avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories and opioid based pain killers. This question also aimed to determine if there is any evidence for any pharmacological treatments in the management of diverticular disease.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.3"><h3>1.3. PICO table</h3><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#ch4.appa">appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab1" rid-ob="figobch4tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. PICO characteristics of review question." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">PICO characteristics of review question. </p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.4"><h3>1.4. Clinical evidence</h3><div id="ch4.s1.4.1"><h4>1.4.1. Included studies</h4><p>Fourteen studies were included in the review<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref1" rid="ch4.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref4" rid="ch4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref10" rid="ch4.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref11" rid="ch4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref20" rid="ch4.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref23" rid="ch4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref24" rid="ch4.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref26" rid="ch4.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref28" rid="ch4.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref32" rid="ch4.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref36" rid="ch4.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref37" rid="ch4.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref43" rid="ch4.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a><sup>,</sup><a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref56" rid="ch4.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a>; these are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab2" rid-ob="figobch4tab2">Table 2</a> below. Evidence from these studies is summarised in the clinical evidence summary below (<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figch4tab3" rid-ob="figobch4tab3">Table 3</a>).</p><p>See also the study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch4.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#ch4.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#ch4.appe">appendix E</a> and GRADE tables in <a href="#ch4.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.4.2"><h4>1.4.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>See the excluded studies list in <a href="#ch4.apph">appendix H</a>.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.4.3"><h4>1.4.3. Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab2" rid-ob="figobch4tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of studies included in the evidence review." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of studies included in the evidence review. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch4.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.4.4"><h4>1.4.4. Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 3" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab3" rid-ob="figobch4tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Table 3. Clinical evidence summary: Evidence not suitable for GRADE analysis." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab3">Table 3</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Evidence not suitable for GRADE analysis. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 4" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab4" rid-ob="figobch4tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Table 4. Clinical evidence summary: High fibre diet compared to control diet for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab4">Table 4</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: High fibre diet compared to control diet for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 5" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab5" rid-ob="figobch4tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Table 5. Clinical evidence summary: High fibre diet + antibiotics compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab5">Table 5</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: High fibre diet + antibiotics compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 6" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab6" rid-ob="figobch4tab6"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab6/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab6/?report=previmg" alt="Table 6. Clinical evidence summary: High fibre diet + symbiotic compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab6">Table 6</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: High fibre diet + symbiotic compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab7"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 7" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab7" rid-ob="figobch4tab7"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab7/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab7/?report=previmg" alt="Table 7. Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic (400mg) compared to antibiotic (200mg) for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab7">Table 7</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic (400mg) compared to antibiotic (200mg) for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab8"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 8" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab8" rid-ob="figobch4tab8"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab8/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab8/?report=previmg" alt="Table 8. Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate (800mg) compared to aminosalicylate (400mg) for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab8">Table 8</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate (800mg) compared to aminosalicylate (400mg) for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab9"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 9" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab9" rid-ob="figobch4tab9"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab9/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab9/?report=previmg" alt="Table 9. Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic compared to aminosalicylate for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab9">Table 9</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic compared to aminosalicylate for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab10"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 10" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab10" rid-ob="figobch4tab10"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab10/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab10/?report=previmg" alt="Table 10. Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylates + probiotics compared to Aminosalicylates for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab10">Table 10</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylates + probiotics compared to Aminosalicylates for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab11"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 11" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab11" rid-ob="figobch4tab11"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab11/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab11/?report=previmg" alt="Table 11. Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylates + probiotic compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab11">Table 11</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylates + probiotic compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab12"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 12" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab12" rid-ob="figobch4tab12"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab12/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab12/?report=previmg" alt="Table 12. Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab12">Table 12</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab13"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 13" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab13" rid-ob="figobch4tab13"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab13/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab13/?report=previmg" alt="Table 13. Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylates compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab13">Table 13</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylates compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab14"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 14" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab14" rid-ob="figobch4tab14"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab14/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab14/?report=previmg" alt="Table 14. Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate compared to placebo for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab14">Table 14</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate compared to placebo for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab15"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 15" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab15" rid-ob="figobch4tab15"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab15/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab15/?report=previmg" alt="Table 15. Clinical evidence summary: Probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab15">Table 15</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab16"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 16" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab16" rid-ob="figobch4tab16"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab16/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab16/?report=previmg" alt="Table 16. Clinical evidence summary: Symbiotic (2 sachets) compared to Symbiotic (1 sachet) for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab16">Table 16</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Symbiotic (2 sachets) compared to Symbiotic (1 sachet) for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab17"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 17" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab17" rid-ob="figobch4tab17"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab17/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab17/?report=previmg" alt="Table 17. Clinical evidence summary: Laxatives compared to placebo for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab17"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab17">Table 17</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Laxatives compared to placebo for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab18"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 18" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab18" rid-ob="figobch4tab18"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab18/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab18/?report=previmg" alt="Table 18. Clinical evidence summary: Laxative compared to High fibre diet for diverticular disease." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab18"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab18">Table 18</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Clinical evidence summary: Laxative compared to High fibre diet for diverticular disease. </p></div></div><p>See <a href="#ch4.appf">appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.5"><h3>1.5. Economic evidence</h3><div id="ch4.s1.5.1"><h4>1.5.1. Included studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were identified.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.2"><h4>1.5.2. Excluded studies</h4><p>No relevant health economic studies were identified.</p><p>See also the health economic study selection flow chart in <a href="#ch4.appg">appendix G</a>.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.5.3"><h4>1.5.3. Unit costs</h4><p>The unit costs below were presented to the committee, to aid consideration of cost effectiveness.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab19"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 19" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab19" rid-ob="figobch4tab19"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab19/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab19/?report=previmg" alt="Table 19. UK costs of laxatives, antibiotics, analgesia, antispasmodics, aminosalicylates, probiotics and prebiotics." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab19"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab19">Table 19</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">UK costs of laxatives, antibiotics, analgesia, antispasmodics, aminosalicylates, probiotics and prebiotics. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figch4tab20"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 20" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figch4tab20" rid-ob="figobch4tab20"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab20/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab20/?report=previmg" alt="Table 20. UK costs to people with diverticular disease for items not prescribed on the NHS." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ch4.tab20"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4tab20">Table 20</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">UK costs to people with diverticular disease for items not prescribed on the NHS. </p></div></div></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.6"><h3>1.6. Evidence statements</h3><div id="ch4.s1.6.1"><h4>1.6.1. Clinical evidence statements</h4><div id="ch4.s1.6.1.1"><h5>High fibre diet</h5><p>One small study (n=18) reported a clinically important benefit of a high fibre diet in terms of pain (very low quality evidence) and symptom control (low quality evidence) when compared to a control diet in people with diverticular disease. There was no benefit seen for the addition of antibiotics to a high fibre diet when compared to a high fibre diet alone in 2 studies (n=1275) in terms of progression of diverticular disease to diverticulitis (moderate quality evidence), side effects (nausea, headache and asthenia), rectal bleeding and symptom control (very low quality evidence). There was also no benefit found for the addition of symbiotic to a high fibre diet compared to a high fibre diet alone in 1 study in terms of abdominal pain lasting less than or greater than 24 hours (n=52, low quality evidence).</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.6.1.2"><h5>Antibiotics</h5><p>Two studies demonstrated no clinically important difference in antibiotic doses (rifaximin); 400 mg versus 200 mg, on symptom control at 3 months (n=82, very low quality data) or 12 months (n=121, very low quality data). However, a clinically important benefit of antibiotics was seen for this outcome when compared to aminosalicylate in 1 study (n=244, low quality evidence).</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.6.1.3"><h5>Aminosalicylates</h5><p>Two studies found no clinically important difference in the effects of 400 mg aminosalicylate compared to 800 mg aminosalicylate on symptom control at 3 months (n=88, very low quality evidence) and 12 months (n=123, very low quality evidence).</p><p>Single studies comparing the addition of probiotics to aminosalicylate when compared to aminosalicylate alone (n=105, moderate to low quality evidence) or probiotic alone (n=109, low to high quality evidence) also demonstrated no clinically important difference in terms of disease progression to diverticulitis and perforation. Some benefit for aminosalicylate with probiotics was observed when compared to placebo on disease progression to diverticulitis but not perforation (single study, n=104, moderate to low quality evidence).</p><p>One study found a clinically important benefit of aminosalicylate in terms of disease progression to acute diverticulitis when compared to placebo (n=101, low quality evidence), but not when compared to probiotics (n=106, low quality evidence). There was no clinically important difference seen in either comparison for perforation (low quality evidence).</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.6.1.4"><h5>Probiotic versus placebo</h5><p>One small study demonstrated clinically important benefit of probiotics on the clinical outcomes; abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea and per rectum bleeding (n=60, low to very low quality). However this was not supported by another study which found no clinically important difference between probiotics and placebo on these outcomes (n=120, low to moderate quality of evidence). Another study found a clinically important benefit of probiotics on disease progression to acute diverticulitis (n=150, moderate quality evidence) but not on perforation (n=105, low quality evidence).</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.6.1.5"><h5>Symbiotic</h5><p>Clinically important benefit was seen in a small single study for 2 sachets of symbiotic compared to 1 sachet in terms of pain (n=27, low quality evidence).</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.6.1.6"><h5>Laxative</h5><p>There was no clinically important difference observed for laxatives when compared to placebo in terms of symptom control (n=27, low risk of bias), or when compared to a high fibre diet in terms of abdominal pain frequency and severity (n=39, very low quality evidence).</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.6.2"><h4>1.6.2. Health economic evidence statements</h4><p>No relevant economic evaluations were identified.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.7"><h3>1.7. The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h3><div id="ch4.s1.7.1"><h4>1.7.1. Interpreting the evidence</h4><div id="ch4.s1.7.1.1"><h5>1.7.1.1. The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee identified quality of life, symptom control, and progression of disease into acute diverticulitis, hospitalisation, surgery or complications (infections, abscesses, perforation, stricture and fistula) as the critical outcomes. The following outcomes were identified as important for management of diverticulosis; mortality, and side effects of probiotics and laxatives: diarrhoea, bloating, abdominal pain, and analgesics: nausea and vomiting, constipation.</p><p>Mortality was only considered to be an important outcome as it is accepted that the outcome would be unlikely to occur as a result of diverticular disease.</p><p>No evidence was identified for the interventions of any dietary advice, oral fluids, analgesia (paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], opiates, nefopam), or antispasmodics.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.7.1.2"><h5>1.7.1.2. The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The quality of evidence ranged from very low to high. The majority of the evidence was graded at low or very low quality. This was mostly due to selection and performance bias, resulting in a high risk of bias rating, and imprecision.</p><p>All evidence was obtained from randomised controlled trial studies. Observational studies were considered, although no studies were identified for comparisons not already addressed by RCTs.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.7.1.3"><h5>1.7.1.3. Benefits and harms</h5><p>The committee acknowledged the potential for the use of dietary fibre in managing the symptoms associated with diverticular disease, but it expressed concern about insoluble fibre as a source of dietary fibre, as it is not recommended for some gastro-intestinal conditions for example IBS. The committee also felt that the evidence identified in the clinical review relating to insoluble fibre crispbreads was old and involved a small number of patients (n=18).</p><p>The committee discussed the evidence on the use of antibiotics. The results from 2 studies showed the addition of rifaxamin to a high-fibre diet might reduce the risk of developing acute diverticulitis, although the observed difference was not clinically significant. No observed difference was seen for the outcomes of side effects, rectal bleeding or global symptoms score. There was also no clinical difference seen between dosing regimens reported in 2 studies. The committee also raised concerns about antibiotic stewardship. A statement on antibiotics was included in the Delphi survey.</p><p>The committee noted the evidence supporting a potential positive effect of aminosalicylates in the prevention of progression to diverticulitis; however, there was a lack of evidence that treatment with aminosalicylate would reduce symptoms associated with diverticular disease. There was no clinical difference seen between dosing regimens reported in 2 studies. The committee also highlighted that renal failure is a rare but important side effect of treatment with aminosalicylate.</p><p>The committee discussed the evidence on the use of probiotics and noted the potential benefits with prevention of progression of disease. The committee felt that the evidence to support the effect of probiotic use on symptom control was inconsistent and inconclusive. The committee also noted the range of different probiotics available to patients, highlighted by the varying probiotics utilised by the studies included in the review.</p><p>The committee agreed that there was no evidence of notable effect of laxatives on the management of symptoms of diverticular disease.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.s1.7.2"><h4>1.7.2. Cost effectiveness and resource use</h4><p>No relevant economic evaluations were identified which addressed the cost effectiveness of treatments for people with diverticular disease. In the absence of relevant economic evaluations, the committee considered the unit cost of sources of dietary fibre. The committee expressed concern about insoluble fibre as a source of dietary fibre, as it is not recommended for some gastro-intestinal conditions such as IBS. In addition, the committee felt that the evidence identified in the clinical review relating to insoluble fibre crispbreads was old and involved a small number of patients (n=18). The committee considered the unit cost to the patient of insoluble fibre crispbreads (£24.20 per person per month) and compared them with those of other sources of dietary fibre. Glucomannan capsules cost the patient £14.18–£28.37 per person per month. The committee was concerned the clinical evidence did not differentiate between soluble and insoluble dietary fibre and felt that a research recommendation was appropriate.</p><p>The committee discussed the clinical evidence for the effectiveness of the broad spectrum antibiotic rifaximin alongside the unit cost (£33.67–£67.33 per person per month, when doses of 400mg–800mg daily are taken in 10 day cycles), which was felt to be more expensive than other antibiotics. It was flagged that other antibiotics such as metronidazole, co-amoxiclav and ciprofloxacin may be cheaper and equally effective, but that no clinical or economic evidence exists. Concerns were also raised about antibiotic stewardship. The committee therefore felt that a research recommendation was appropriate.</p><p>The committee considered the unit costs and clinical evidence for mesalazine. In addition to the cost of £6.54 per person per month when 800mg mesalazine is taken daily for 10 days per month, further downstream costs are likely to accrue which would likely impact the cost effectiveness of mesalazine in the treatment of diverticular disease. The committee noted that renal failure is a rare but important adverse event which would negatively impact quality of life. Further, this adverse event necessitates renal screening after three months then yearly for people taking mesalazine, which would result in additional costs. The committee noted that evidence in the clinical evidence found no difference between low and high doses of mesalazine for symptom relief, and so it considered that the low dose would attenuate the risk of renal failure. The committee felt that, due to the small study size, risks of renal failure and the associated costs, a research recommendation was appropriate.</p><p>The committee discussed the lack of clinical and economic evidence attesting to the benefits of a wide variety of probiotic products, noting that these products often pose a large expense to people with diverticular disease. In the absence of relevant economic evaluations, the committee considered the unit cost of the only prescribable probiotic food supplement: VSL#3, which costs £34.86 per person per month. However, VSL#3 is licensed for use in adults for the maintenance of remission of ileoanal pouchitis. VSL#3 is often recommended to people with diverticular disease, who bear the cost. The current retail price of VSL#3 is £71.47 per person per month. Other probiotics considered were Vivomixx, which the committee felt was comparable to VSL#3, while cheaper, at a current retail price of £45.02 per person per month. The committee highlighted that Symprove™ is widely purchased by individuals. The current retail price of Symprove™ is £75.14 per person per month.</p><p>The committee discussed the unit costs of other classes of drugs including laxatives, antispasmodics and analgesics.</p><p>In conclusion, the committee chose to recommend that further research be conducted on the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of treatments for diverticular disease, due to the lack of evidence of effectiveness in symptom relief, with positive findings only for the outcome of disease progression.</p><p>The clinical evidence was poor and inconclusive and there was no cost effectiveness evidence. Therefore, recommendations were made by a Delphi panel and minor edits made by the committee. The panel recommended dietary advice and consideration of laxatives, paracetamol and antispasmodics. The cost-effectiveness of these treatments is not known for this population. However, the unit costs are relatively small, treatment can be stopped when symptoms subside and the recommendations do not represent a move away from current practice.</p></div><div id="ch4.s1.7.3"><h4>1.7.3. Other factors the committee took into account</h4><p>In the experience of the committee members, insoluble fibre (for example wheat bran) may be discouraged for some other functional gastrointestinal conditions because it causes bloating. Antimicrobial stewardship considerations informed the committee’s decision not to recommend antibiotics in addition to the evidence base. The committee were aware of the NICE guideline on Antimicrobial stewardship: systems and processes for effective antimicrobial medicine use (NG15).</p><p>The committee discussed people who do not have control over their diet, for example people in care homes and prisons, and highlighted that they should have access to high fibre diets.</p><p>The committee emphasised the importance of not prescribing antibiotics for people with diverticular disease due to lack of effectiveness and the importance of antimicrobial stewardship. The committee acknowledged that current practice for the treatment of adults with diverticular disease is to recommend a high-fibre diet and improved lifestyle factors including weight loss and exercise. Often bulk-forming laxatives are effective as they help to soften the stool and can also help solidify loose stools. The aim of these is to improve general wellbeing and an understanding of gut health. The committee were aware of observational evidence which supports the recommendation of bulk-forming laxatives, however they did not meet the inclusion criteria of this review protocol. Paracetamol is indicated and used in current practice for the pain and is safe to do so. The committee highlighted the importance of avoiding non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and opioid analgesia due to the risk of diverticular perforation. Some people experience abdominal cramping and antispasmodics are indicated. The committee noted the importance of considering alternative causes and further investigations in people with persistent symptoms or who do not respond to treatment. Due to the limited or absence of evidence for the some of the interventions and critical outcomes listed in the review protocol, statements were included in the Delphi survey.</p><p>The statement on antibiotics did not reach consensus in round one with respondents indicating they would be used if there was infection. In the second round consensus was reached when a qualifying statement ‘in the absence of acute diverticulitis’ was added. The statement to reduce red meat intake was removed because the majority of respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statement and neither the survey respondents nor the committee suggested any amendments. The statement to increase fibre intake was modified to make it specific to people experiencing constipation. The statement to consider using prebiotics and probiotics for abdominal pain was removed because the majority of respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statement because there is no evidence and neither the survey respondents nor the committee suggested any amendments. The remaining statements reached consensus in the first round.</p></div></div></div><div id="ch4.rl.r1"><h2 id="_ch4_rl_r1_">References</h2><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref1">Annibale
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CL, Bjarnason
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E, Bellisario
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C, Hassan
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C, Zullo
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B. Probiotics in the treatment of diverticular disease. A systematic review. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 2016; 25(1):79–86 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27014757" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27014757</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>26.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref26">Lahner
|
|
E, Esposito
|
|
G, Zullo
|
|
A, Hassan
|
|
C, Cannaviello
|
|
C, Paolo
|
|
MC
|
|
et al. High-fibre diet and Lactobacillus paracasei B21060 in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2012; 18(41):5918–5924 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3491599/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3491599</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23139608" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23139608</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>27.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref27">Lamiki
|
|
P, Tsuchiya
|
|
J, Pathak
|
|
S, Okura
|
|
R, Solimene
|
|
U, Jain
|
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S
|
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et al. Probiotics in diverticular disease of the colon: an open label study. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 2010; 19(1):31–6 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20361072" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20361072</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>28.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref28">Latella
|
|
G, Pimpo
|
|
MT, Sottili
|
|
S, Zippi
|
|
M, Viscido
|
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A, Chiaramonte
|
|
M
|
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et al. Rifaximin improves symptoms of acquired uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2003; 18(1):55–62 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12458383" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12458383</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>29.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref29">Leahy
|
|
AL, Ellis
|
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RM, Quill
|
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DS, Peel
|
|
AL. High fibre diet in symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 1985; 67(3):173–4 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2498056/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2498056</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2988400" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2988400</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>30.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref30">Maconi
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G. Diagnosis of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease and the role of Rifaximin in management. Acta Bio-Medica de l Ateneo Parmense. 2017; 88(1):25–32 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6166204/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6166204</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28467330" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28467330</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>31.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref31">Makola
|
|
D. Diverticular disease: Evidence for dietary intervention?
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Practical Gastroenterology. 2007; 31(2):38–46</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>32.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref32">Mario
|
|
F, Aragona
|
|
G, Leandro
|
|
G, Comparato
|
|
G, Fanigliulo
|
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L, Cavallaro
|
|
LG
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et al. Efficacy of mesalazine in the treatment of symptomatic diverticular disease. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2005; 50(3):581–586 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15810646" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15810646</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>33.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref33">Moniuszko
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A, Rydzewska
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G. The effect of cyclic rifaximin therapy on symptoms of diverticular disease from the perspective of the gastroenterology outpatient clinic: a “real-life” study. Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny. 2017; 12(2):145–151 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5497137/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5497137</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28702105" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28702105</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>34.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref34">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual. London. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014. Available from: <a href="http://www.nice.org.uk/article/PMG20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org.uk<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/article/PMG20/chapter<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26677490" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26677490</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>35.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref35">Ornstein
|
|
MH, Littlewood
|
|
ER, Baird
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IM, Fowler
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J, North
|
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WR, Cox
|
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AG. Are fibre supplements really necessary in diverticular disease of the colon? A controlled clinical trial. BMJ. 1981; 282(6273):1353–1356 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1505006/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1505006</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6263396" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6263396</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>36.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref36">Papi
|
|
C, Ciaco
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A, Koch
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M, Capurso
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L. Efficacy of rifaximin on symptoms of uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. A pilot multicentre open trial. Diverticular Disease Study Group. Italian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1992; 24(8):452–456 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1330083" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1330083</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>37.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref37">Papi
|
|
C, Ciaco
|
|
A, Koch
|
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M, Capurso
|
|
L. Efficacy of rifaximin in the treatment of symptomatic diverticular disease of the colon. A multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1995; 9(1):33–9 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7766741" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7766741</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>38.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref38">Picchio
|
|
M, Elisei
|
|
W, Brandimarte
|
|
G, Mario
|
|
F, Malfertheiner
|
|
P, Scarpignato
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C
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et al. Mesalazine for the treatment of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon and for primary prevention of diverticulitis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2016; 50:S64–S69 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27622370" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27622370</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>39.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref39">Pistoia
|
|
MA, Lombardi
|
|
L, Rossi
|
|
M, Vittorini
|
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C, Cavaliere
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GF, Pistoia
|
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F. Does rifaximin prevent complications of diverticular disease? A retrospective study. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2004; 8(6):283–7 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15745388" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15745388</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>40.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref40">Rocco
|
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A, Compare
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D, Caruso
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F, Nardone
|
|
G. Treatment options for uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2009; 43(9):803–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19652620" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19652620</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>41.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref41">Schug-Pass
|
|
C, Geers
|
|
P, Hügel
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|
O, Lippert
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H, Köckerling
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F. Prospective randomized trial comparing short-term antibiotic therapy versus standard therapy for acute uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2010; 25(6):751–759 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20140619" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20140619</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>42.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref42">Smith
|
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AN, Drummond
|
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E, Eastwood
|
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MA. The effect of coarse and fine Canadian Red Spring Wheat and French Soft Wheat bran on colonic motility in patients with diverticular disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1981; 34(11):2460–2463 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6272566" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6272566</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>43.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref43">Smits
|
|
BJ, Whitehead
|
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AM, Prescott
|
|
P. Lactulose in the treatment of symptomatic diverticular disease: a comparative study with high-fibre diet. British Journal of Clinical Practice. 1990; 44(8):314–318 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2169839" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2169839</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>44.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref44">Sopena
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F, Lanas
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A. Management of colonic diverticular disease with poorly absorbed antibiotics and other therapies. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 2011; 4(6):365–374 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3187681/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3187681</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22043229" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22043229</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>45.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref45">Stallinger
|
|
S, Eller
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N, Högenauer
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C. Non-interventional study evaluating efficacy and tolerability of rifaximin for treatment of uncomplicated diverticular disease. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2014; 126(1–2):9–14 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24240607" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24240607</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>46.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref46">Strate
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LL, Liu
|
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YL, Aldoori
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WH, Giovannucci
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|
EL. Physical activity decreases diverticular complications. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2009; 104(5):1221–30 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3144158/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3144158</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19367267" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19367267</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>47.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref47">Suchowiecky
|
|
M, Clarke
|
|
DD, Bhasker
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|
M, Perry
|
|
RJ, Snape
|
|
WJ, Jr.
|
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Effect of secoverine on colonic myoelectric activity in diverticular disease of the colon. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 1987; 32(8):833–40 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3608731" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3608731</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>48.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref48">Talbot
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JM. Role of dietary fiber in diverticular disease and colon cancer. Federation Proceedings. 1981; 40(9):2337–2342 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6265284" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6265284</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>49.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref49">Tarleton
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S, DiBaise
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JK. Low-residue diet in diverticular disease: putting an end to a myth. Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2011; 26(2):137–42 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21447765" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21447765</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>50.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref50">Tarpila
|
|
S, Miettinen
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TA, Metsäranta
|
|
L. Effects of bran on serum cholesterol, faecal mass, fat, bile acids and neutral sterols, and biliary lipids in patients with diverticular disease of the colon. Gut. 1978; 19(2):137–145 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1411828/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1411828</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/344156" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 344156</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>51.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref51">Taylor
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I, Duthie
|
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HL. Bran tablets and diverticular disease. BMJ. 1976; 1(6016):988–990 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1639633/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1639633</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/773493" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 773493</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>52.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref52">Trespi
|
|
E, Colla
|
|
C, Panizza
|
|
P, Polino
|
|
MG, Venturini
|
|
A, Bottani
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G
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et al. Therapeutic and prophylactic role of mesalazine (5-ASA) in symptomatic diverticular disease of the large intestine. 4 Year follow-up results. Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica. 1999; 45(4):245–252 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16498335" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16498335</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>53.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref53">Trespi
|
|
E, Panizza
|
|
P, Colla
|
|
C, Bottani
|
|
G, De
|
|
VP, Matti
|
|
C. Efficacy of low dose mesalazine (5-ASA) in the treatment of acute inflammation and prevention of complications in patients with symptomatic diverticular disease. Preliminary results.. Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica. 1997; 43(3):157–162 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16501486" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16501486</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>54.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref54">Tursi
|
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A. Mesalazine in treating diverticular disease of the colon. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2013; 7(5):409–12 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23899280" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23899280</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>55.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref55">Tursi
|
|
A, Brandimarte
|
|
G, Elisei
|
|
W, Giorgetti
|
|
GM, Inchingolo
|
|
CD, Aiello
|
|
F. Effect of mesalazine on epithelial cell proliferation in colonic diverticular disease. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2008; 40(9):737–42 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18387861" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18387861</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>56.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref56">Tursi
|
|
A, Brandimarte
|
|
G, Elisei
|
|
W, Picchio
|
|
M, Forti
|
|
G, Pianese
|
|
G
|
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et al. Randomised clinical trial: mesalazine and/or probiotics in maintaining remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease-a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2013; 38(7):741–751 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23957734" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23957734</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>57.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref57">Tursi
|
|
A, Brandimarte
|
|
G, Giorgetti
|
|
GM, Elisei
|
|
W. Continuous versus cyclic mesalazine therapy for patients affected by recurrent symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2007; 52(3):671–674 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17253134" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17253134</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>58.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref58">Tursi
|
|
A, Brandimarte
|
|
G, Giorgetti
|
|
GM, Elisei
|
|
W. Mesalazine and/or Lactobacillus casei in maintaining long-term remission of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 2008; 55(84):916–920 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18705297" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18705297</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>59.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref59">Tursi
|
|
A, Di Mario
|
|
F, Brandimarte
|
|
G, Elisei
|
|
W, Picchio
|
|
M, Loperfido
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S
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et al. Intermittent versus every-day mesalazine therapy in preventing complications of diverticular disease: a long-term follow-up study. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2013; 17(23):3244–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24338468" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24338468</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>60.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref60">Tursi
|
|
A, Picchio
|
|
M. Mesalazine in preventing acute diverticulitis occurrence: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 2016; 25(3):409–11 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27689212" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27689212</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>61.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref61">Unlu
|
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C, Daniels
|
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L, Vrouenraets
|
|
BC, Boermeester
|
|
MA. A systematic review of high-fibre dietary therapy in diverticular disease. International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 2012; 27(4):419–27 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3308000/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3308000</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21922199" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21922199</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>62.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="ch4.ref62">Zullo
|
|
A, Hassan
|
|
C, Maconi
|
|
G, Manes
|
|
G, Tammaro
|
|
G, De Francesco
|
|
V
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et al. Cyclic antibiotic therapy for diverticular disease: a critical reappraisal. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 2010; 19(3):295–302 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20922195" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20922195</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="appendixesappgroup4"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup4_">Appendices</h2><div id="ch4.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><p id="ch4.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 21. Review protocol: Management of diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appa.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appatab2" class="figpopup">Table 22. Health economic review protocol</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><p>The literature searches for this review are detailed below and complied with the methodology outlined in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual 2014, updated 2017.</p><div id="ch4.appb.s1"><h4>B.1. Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><p>Searches were constructed using a PICO framework where population (P) terms were combined with Intervention (I) and in some cases Comparison (C) terms. Outcomes (O) are rarely used in search strategies for interventions as these concepts may not be well described in title, abstract or indexes and therefore difficult to retrieve. Search filters were applied to the search where appropriate.</p><p id="ch4.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab1" class="figpopup">Table 23. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch4.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab2" class="figpopup">Table 24. Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch4.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab3" class="figpopup">Table 25. Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch4.appb.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab4" class="figpopup">Table 26. Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appb.s2"><h4>B.2. Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><p>Health economic evidence was identified by conducting a broad search relating to Diverticular Disease population in NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED – this ceased to be updated after March 2015) and the Health Technology Assessment database (HTA) with no date restrictions. NHS EED and HTA databases are hosted by the Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD). Additional searches were run on Medline and Embase for health economics, economic modelling and quality of life studies.</p><p id="ch4.appb.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab5" class="figpopup">Table 27. Database date parameters and filters used</a></p><p id="ch4.appb.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab6" class="figpopup">Table 28. Medline (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch4.appb.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab7" class="figpopup">Table 29. Embase (Ovid) search terms</a></p><p id="ch4.appb.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appbtab8" class="figpopup">Table 30. NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</a></p></div></div><div id="ch4.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence selection</h3><p id="ch4.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of management of diverticular disease</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><p id="ch4.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 31. Clinical evidence tables</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 592K)</span></p></div><div id="ch4.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="ch4.appe.s1"><h4>E.1. High fibre diet compared to control diet for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig1" class="figpopup">Figure 2. Symptoms: Global symptom score</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig2"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig2" class="figpopup">Figure 3. Symptoms: Pain score</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s2"><h4>E.2. High fibre diet + antibiotics compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig3"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig3" class="figpopup">Figure 4. Side effects (nausea, headache, and asthenia)</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig4"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig4" class="figpopup">Figure 5. Progression of diseases: Diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig5"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig5" class="figpopup">Figure 6. Complications: Rectal bleeding</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig6"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig6" class="figpopup">Figure 7. Symptoms: Global symptom score</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s3"><h4>E.3. High fibre diet + symbiotic compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig7"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig7" class="figpopup">Figure 8. Symptoms: Abdominal pain lasting <24 hrs</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig8"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig8" class="figpopup">Figure 9. Symptoms: Abdominal pain lasting >24 hrs</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s4"><h4>E.4. Antibiotic (200mg) compared to antibiotic (400mg) for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig9"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig9" class="figpopup">Figure 10. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 3 months)</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig10"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig10" class="figpopup">Figure 11. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 12 months)</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s5"><h4>E.5. Aminosalicylate (400mg) compared to aminosalicylate (800mg) for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig11"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig11" class="figpopup">Figure 12. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 3 months)</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig12"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig12" class="figpopup">Figure 13. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 12 months)</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s6"><h4>E.6. Antibiotic compared to aminosalicylate for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig13"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig13" class="figpopup">Figure 14. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 3 months)</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig14"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig14" class="figpopup">Figure 15. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 12 months)</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s7"><h4>E.7. Aminosalicylates + probiotics compared to Aminosalicylates for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig15"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig15" class="figpopup">Figure 16. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig16"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig16" class="figpopup">Figure 17. Complication: Perforation</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s8"><h4>E.8. Aminosalicylates + probiotic compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig17"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig17/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig17" class="figpopup">Figure 18. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig18"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig18/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig18" class="figpopup">Figure 19. Complication: Perforation</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s9"><h4>E.9. Aminosalicylates + probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig19"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig19/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig19" class="figpopup">Figure 20. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig20"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig20/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig20" class="figpopup">Figure 21. Complication: Perforation</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s10"><h4>E.10. Aminosalicylates compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig21"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig21/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig21" class="figpopup">Figure 22. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig22"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig22/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig22" class="figpopup">Figure 23. Complication: Perforation</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s11"><h4>E.11. Aminosalicylates compared to placebo for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig23"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig23/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig23" class="figpopup">Figure 24. Mortality</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig24"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig24/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig24" class="figpopup">Figure 25. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig25"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig25/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig25" class="figpopup">Figure 26. Complication: Perforation</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s12"><h4>E.12. Probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig26"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig26/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig26" class="figpopup">Figure 27. Symptoms: Abdominal pain frequency score</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig27"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig27/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig27" class="figpopup">Figure 28. Symptoms: Abdominal pain frequency score</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig28"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig28/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig28" class="figpopup">Figure 29. Symptoms: Constipation frequency score</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig29"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig29/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig29" class="figpopup">Figure 30. Symptoms: Diarrhoea frequency score</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig30"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig30/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig30" class="figpopup">Figure 31. Complications: Rectal bleeding frequency score</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig31"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig31/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig31" class="figpopup">Figure 32. Symptoms: Abdominal pain (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig32"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig32/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig32" class="figpopup">Figure 33. Symptoms: Constipation (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig33"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig33/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig33" class="figpopup">Figure 34. Symptoms: Diarrhoea (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig34"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig34/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig34" class="figpopup">Figure 35. Complications: Rectal bleeding (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig35"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig35/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig35" class="figpopup">Figure 36. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig36"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig36/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig36" class="figpopup">Figure 37. Complication: Perforation</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s13"><h4>E.13. Symbiotic (2 sachets) compared to Symbiotic (1 sachet) for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig37"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig37/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig37" class="figpopup">Figure 38. Symptoms: Pain</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s14"><h4>E.14. Laxatives compared to placebo for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig38"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig38/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig38" class="figpopup">Figure 39. Symptoms: Symptom score</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appe.s15"><h4>E.15. Laxatives compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</h4><p id="ch4.appe.fig39"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig39/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig39" class="figpopup">Figure 40. Symptoms: Abdominal pain (frequency)</a></p><p id="ch4.appe.fig40"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appe.fig40/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appefig40" class="figpopup">Figure 41. Symptoms: Abdominal pain (severity)</a></p></div></div><div id="ch4.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><p id="ch4.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 32. Clinical evidence profile: High fibre diet compared to control diet for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab2" class="figpopup">Table 33. Clinical evidence profile: High fibre diet + antibiotics compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab3" class="figpopup">Table 34. Clinical evidence profile: High fibre diet + symbiotic compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab4" class="figpopup">Table 35. Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotic (200mg) compared to antibiotic (400mg) for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab5" class="figpopup">Table 36. Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate (400mg) compared to aminosalicylate (800mg) for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab6" class="figpopup">Table 37. Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotic compared to aminosalicylate for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab7"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab7" class="figpopup">Table 38. Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylates + probiotics compared to Aminosalicylates for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab8"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab8" class="figpopup">Table 39. Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylates + probiotic compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab9"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab9" class="figpopup">Table 40. Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab10"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab10" class="figpopup">Table 41. Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylates compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab11"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab11" class="figpopup">Table 42. Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate compared to placebo for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab12"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab12" class="figpopup">Table 43. Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate (continuous) compared to aminosalicylate (cyclic) for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab13"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab13" class="figpopup">Table 44. Clinical evidence profile: Probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab14"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab14" class="figpopup">Table 45. Clinical evidence profile: Symbiotic (2 sachets) compared to Symbiotic (1 sachet) for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab15"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab15" class="figpopup">Table 46. Clinical evidence profile: Laxatives compared to placebo for diverticular disease</a></p><p id="ch4.appf.tab16"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appftab16" class="figpopup">Table 47. Clinical evidence profile: Laxatives compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</a></p></div><div id="ch4.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Health economic evidence selection</h3><p id="ch4.appg.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/figure/ch4.appg.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appgfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 42. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</a></p></div><div id="ch4.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Excluded studies</h3><div id="ch4.apph.s1"><h4>H.1. Excluded clinical studies</h4><p id="ch4.apph.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.apph.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4apphtab1" class="figpopup">Table 48. Studies excluded from the clinical review</a></p></div><div id="ch4.apph.s2"><h4>H.2. Excluded health economic studies</h4><p>None.</p></div></div><div id="ch4.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Research recommendations</h3><div id="ch4.appi.s1"><h4>I.1. Management of diverticular disease</h4><p>
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<b>Research question: What is the most clinically and cost effective treatment for diverticular disease?</b>
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</p><p>
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<b>Why this is important:</b>
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</p><p>Diverticular disease causes significant patient discomfort and morbidity. It accounts for a significant number of GP consultations each year in England and Wales. If symptoms are poorly controlled, diverticular disease can lead to specialist hospital referral, investigations and related health related expense.</p><p>The committee did not consider that the available evidence was of sufficient quality or quantity to be able to make a definitive recommendation for any intervention in the management of diverticular disease</p><p id="ch4.appi.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobch4appitab1" class="figpopup">Table 49. Criteria for selecting high-priority research recommendations</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Intervention evidence review</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the National Guideline Centre</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and, where appropriate, their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2019.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK558081</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32525627" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32525627</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab1"><div id="ch4.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">PICO characteristics of review question</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults aged18 years and over with diverticular disease</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interventions</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l1"><li id="ch4.lt1" class="half_rhythm"><div>High fibre diet (soluble and insoluble fibre)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt2" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low fibre diet</div></li><li id="ch4.lt3" class="half_rhythm"><div>Any dietary advice</div></li><li id="ch4.lt4" class="half_rhythm"><div>Laxatives</div></li><li id="ch4.lt5" class="half_rhythm"><div>Oral fluids</div></li><li id="ch4.lt6" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics</div></li><li id="ch4.lt7" class="half_rhythm"><div>Analgesia (paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], opiates, nefopam)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt8" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antispasmodics</div></li><li id="ch4.lt9" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aminosalicylates</div></li><li id="ch4.lt10" class="half_rhythm"><div>Probiotics and prebiotics</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l2"><li id="ch4.lt11" class="half_rhythm"><div>Each other</div></li><li id="ch4.lt12" class="half_rhythm"><div>No treatment</div></li><li id="ch4.lt13" class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li><li id="ch4.lt14" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dosing studies</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l3"><li id="ch4.lt15" class="half_rhythm"><div>Progression of disease
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l4" class="circle"><li id="ch4.lt16" class="half_rhythm"><div>Acute diverticulitis</div></li><li id="ch4.lt17" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch4.lt18" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for surgery</div></li><li id="ch4.lt19" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications (infections, abscesses, perforation)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch4.lt20" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptom control (pain relief, bowel habit)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt21" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li></ul>
|
|
Important outcomes:
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l5"><li id="ch4.lt22" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li id="ch4.lt23" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effects of:
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l6" class="circle"><li id="ch4.lt24" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics: nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, infections related to antibiotics</div></li><li id="ch4.lt25" class="half_rhythm"><div>Analgesics: nausea and vomiting, constipation</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews of RCTs.</p>
|
|
<p>If no RCT evidence is available, search for observational studies Confounders:
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l7"><li id="ch4.lt26" class="half_rhythm"><div>Age</div></li><li id="ch4.lt27" class="half_rhythm"><div>Gender</div></li></ul></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab2"><div id="ch4.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of studies included in the evidence review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention and comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Annibale 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref1" rid="ch4.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p><b>Symbiotic (1 sachet).</b> Twice daily 1 sachet of the symbiotic preparation for the first 14 days each month. n=18</p>
|
|
<p><b>Symbiotic (2 sachets).</b> Twice daily 2 sachets of the symbiotic preparation for the first 14 days each month. n=16</p>
|
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<p><b>Control group.</b> Control group received no symbiotic. n=16</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Outpatients with a well-established diagnosis of SUDD, defined as the presence of colonic diverticula associated with abdominal symptoms (pain and/or bloating) for at least 6 months before recruitment.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 65.2±8.1</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul id="ch4.l8"><li id="ch4.lt28" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (pain)</div></li></ul>
|
|
<p>Followed up at:</p><p>12 months</p></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All patients were encouraged to follow a high-fibre diet containing at least a daily intake of 30 g diet fibre as well as a daily water intake of at least 1.5 L.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brodribb 1977<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref4" rid="ch4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>High fibre diet.</b> Bran crispbread supplying 6.7g of dietary fibre. n=9</p>
|
|
<p><b>Placebo</b>. Wheat crispbread supplying 0.6g of dietary fibre. n=9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People referred from a gastroenterological clinic with large bowel symptoms and the radiological changes of diverticular disease.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: NA</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l9"><li id="ch4.lt29" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (total)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt30" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (pain)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt31" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (bowel dysfunction)</div></li></ul>
|
|
<p>Followed up at:
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l10"><li id="ch4.lt32" class="half_rhythm"><div>3 months</div></li></ul></p></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Colecchia 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref10" rid="ch4.ref10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Fibre supplement + antibiotic</b>. Rifaximin (400 mg twice a day for 7 d every month) plus dietary fibre supplementation (at least 20 gr/d). n=184</p>
|
|
<p><b>Fibre supplement.</b> Dietary fibre supplementation (at least 20 gr/d). n=123</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with endoscopic or radiological evidence of diverticular disease of the sigmoid and/or descending colon, reporting the presence of symptoms attributable to diverticular disease of the colon.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 62.2±12.1</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l11"><li id="ch4.lt33" class="half_rhythm"><div>Diverticulitis</div></li><li id="ch4.lt34" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (total)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt35" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (rectal bleeding)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt36" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effects</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 24 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparato 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref11" rid="ch4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Antibiotics (200mg).</b> Rifaximin, 200mg bd for 10 days every month. n=66</p>
|
|
<p><b>Antibiotics (400mg).</b> Rifaximin, 400mg bd for 10 days every month. n=66</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aminosalicylates (400mg).</b> Mesalazine, 400mg bd for 10 days every month. n=66</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aminosalicylates (800mg).</b> Mesalazine, 800mg bd for 10 days every month. n=66</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Outpatients with uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon, diagnosed by double contrast barium enema and/or colonoscopy.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 66.1 (31–81)</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul id="ch4.l12"><li id="ch4.lt37" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (total)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>All participants were recommended to maintain a high-fibre diet.</p>
|
|
<p>Same patients as Mario 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref32" rid="ch4.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a>, but outcomes reported at different time points (Mario 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref32" rid="ch4.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a> at 3 months; Comparato 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref11" rid="ch4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a> at 12 months)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hodgson 1977<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref20" rid="ch4.ref20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Laxatives.</b> Methylcellulose B.P. 500 mg, two tablets daily. n=16</p>
|
|
<p><b>Placebo</b>. Two tablets daily. n=11</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients referred by GP to hospital for confirmation of diverticular disease – confirmed by symptoms, signs and barium enema results.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 67.3 (30–85)</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul id="ch4.l13"><li id="ch4.lt38" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (total)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kruis 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref23" rid="ch4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Aminosalicylates.</b> Salofalk granules, 1000mg t.i.d. n=56</p>
|
|
<p><b>Placebo.</b> Placebo, 1000mg t.i.d. n=61</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diagnosis of diverticular disease with symptoms, acute pain, and without serious complications.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 62.5±8.6</p>
|
|
<p>Germany</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l14"><li id="ch4.lt39" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li id="ch4.lt40" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (lower abdominal pain)</div></li></ul>Followed up at: 6 weeks</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>All patients were instructed to follow high fibre diet and adequate intake of liquids.</p>
|
|
<p>12 of 56 patients in the mesalazine group arm used concomitant analgesics or spasmolytics. 21 of 61 patients in the placebo arm used concomitant analgesics or spasmolytics.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kvasnovsky 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref24" rid="ch4.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Probiotics.</b> Symprove (contains four strains of bacteria) in a water-based suspension of barley extract. To be taken at 1mL/kg each morning. n=71</p>
|
|
<p><b>Placebo.</b> Placebo drink matched for appearance and taste. To be taken every morning. n=72</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Patients presenting with persistent abdominal symptoms with an established diagnosis of uncomplicated diverticulosis.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 62.5±8.6</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l15"><li id="ch4.lt41" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (abdominal pain)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt42" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (constipation)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt43" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (diarrhoea)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt44" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (rectum bleeding)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lahner 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref26" rid="ch4.ref26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>High fibre diet + pre/probiotic</b>. High-fibre diet containing at least 30 g daily intake of dietary fibre.</p>
|
|
<p>Flortec; a natural symbiotic agent, consisting a combination of Lactobacillus paracasei and arabinogalactan/xyl ooligosaccharides (prebiotic component).7 g sachet preparation in 100 mL of water once daily. n=184</p>
|
|
<p><b>Fibre supplement.</b> High-fibre diet containing at least 30 g daily intake of dietary fibre. n=123</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Well-established diagnosis of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 62.5±8.6</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul id="ch4.l16"><li id="ch4.lt45" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (abdominal pain)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 6 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rescue medication was not allowed during the study period.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Latella 2003<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref28" rid="ch4.ref28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Fibre supplement + antibiotic</b>. Glucomannan 4g/day + rifaximin 400mg twice daily for 7 days every month. n=595</p>
|
|
<p><b>Fibre supplement.</b> Glucomannan 4 g/day. n=373</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with endoscopic or radiological evidence of diverticular disease of the sigmoid and/or descending colon, reporting the presence of symptoms attributable to diverticular disease of the colon.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 62.5±8.6</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l17"><li id="ch4.lt46" class="half_rhythm"><div>Diverticulitis</div></li><li id="ch4.lt47" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (total)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt48" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (rectal bleeding)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt49" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effects</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Di Mario 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref32" rid="ch4.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Antibiotics (200mg).</b> Rifaximin, 200mg bd for 10 days every month. n=39</p>
|
|
<p><b>Antibiotics (400mg).</b> Rifaximin, 400mg bd for 10 days every month. n=43</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aminosalicylates (400mg).</b> Mesalazine, 400mg bd for 10 days every month. n=40</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aminosalicylates (800mg).</b> Mesalazine, 800mg bd for 10 days every month. n=48</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with endoscopic and/or radiologic evidence of diverticular disease of the left colon.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 66.5±9.2</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul id="ch4.l18"><li id="ch4.lt50" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (total)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 3 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Same patients as Comparato 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref11" rid="ch4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a>, but outcomes reported at different time points (Mario 2005<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref32" rid="ch4.ref32"><sup>32</sup></a> at 3 months; Comparato 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref11" rid="ch4.ref11"><sup>11</sup></a> at 12 months)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Papi 1992<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref36" rid="ch4.ref36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Fibre supplement + antibiotic</b>. Glucomannan 2g/day + rifaximin 400mg twice daily for 7 days every month. n=107</p>
|
|
<p><b>Fibre supplement.</b> Glucomannan 2g/day. n=110</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with uncomplicated diverticular disease.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 65±10.7</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l19"><li id="ch4.lt51" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (total)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt52" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (frequency)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Papi 1995<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref37" rid="ch4.ref37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Fibre supplement + antibiotic</b>. Glucomannan 2g/day + rifaximin 400mg twice daily for 7 days every month. n=107</p>
|
|
<p><b>Fibre supplement.</b> Glucomannan 2g/day. n=110</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Outpatients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease of the colon, diagnosed by double contrast barium enema and/or colonoscopy.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 61.9 (40–84)</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l20"><li id="ch4.lt53" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (total)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt54" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (severity)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Smits 1990<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref43" rid="ch4.ref43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Laxatives.</b> Lactulose: 15ml bd, to be reduced to 10ml bd if appropriate. n=22</p>
|
|
<p><b>High fibre diet</b>. Patients received dietetic supervision throughout the study. Diet provided an intake of 30–40g of fibre daily. n=21</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>People with symptomatic, proven diverticular disease.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 65±10.7</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul id="ch4.l21"><li id="ch4.lt55" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms (abdominal pain)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 12 weeks</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tursi 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref56" rid="ch4.ref56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><b>Aminosalicylates + probiotics.</b> Active Pentacol 800, 2 tablets/day + Active Enterolactis Plus, 1 sachet/day for 10 days/month. n=54</p>
|
|
<p><b>Aminosalicylates.</b> Active Pentacol 800, 2 tablets/day for 10 days/month + Enterolactis Plus placebo, 1 sachet/day for 10 days/month. n=51</p>
|
|
<p><b>Probiotics.</b> Active Enterolactis Plus 1 sachet/day for 10 days/month + Pentacol 800 placebo, 2 tablets/day for 10 days/month. n=55</p>
|
|
<p><b>Placebo</b>. Pentacol 800 placebo, 2 tablets/day and Enterolactis Plus placebo, 1 sachet/day for 10 days/month</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diverticulosis showed by colonoscopy no more than 6 months prior to study entry; symptomatic episode of uncomplicated diverticular disease no more than 4 weeks prior to study entry.</p>
|
|
<p>Mean age: 67.5 (51–83)</p>
|
|
<p>Italy</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul id="ch4.l22"><li id="ch4.lt56" class="half_rhythm"><div>Diverticulitis</div></li><li id="ch4.lt57" class="half_rhythm"><div>Perforation</div></li></ul>
|
|
Followed up at: 12 months</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">At enrolment, all patients were asymptomatic.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab3"><div id="ch4.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Evidence not suitable for GRADE analysis</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcome</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention results</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Intervention group (n)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison results</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Comparison group (n)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brodribb 1977<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref4" rid="ch4.ref4"><sup>4</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High fibre diet vs placebo.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Bowel dysfunction score</p>
|
|
<p>Scale is unclear, high score is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Baseline mean vs 3 months:</p>
|
|
<p>11.7 to 3.3 (–8.4)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Baseline mean vs 3 months:</p>
|
|
<p>14.9 to 13.3 (−1.6)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_8" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very high</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_6 hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_7" colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Change score of intervention vs control was not statistically significant.</p>
|
|
<p>p>0.05</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kruis 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref23" rid="ch4.ref23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mesalazine vs placebo.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Differences in lower abdominal pain intensity from baseline to week 4</p>
|
|
<p>Scale: 1–5, high score is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (range):</p>
|
|
<p>−37 (−95–25)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Median (range):</p>
|
|
<p>−33 (−78–24)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Annibale 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref1" rid="ch4.ref1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Symbiotic (2 sachets) vs no intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain lasting <24 hours (VAS score)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale: 0–10, high score is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Baseline mean vs 6 months:</p>
|
|
<p>2.2±2.1 vs 0.6±0.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No change was observed in the control group, values not provided.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very high</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Symbiotic (1 sachet) vs no intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain lasting <24 hours (VAS score)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale: 0–10, high score is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Baseline mean vs 6 months:</p>
|
|
<p>3.7±3.5 vs 1.9±2.2 (p=0.23)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No change was observed in the control group, values not provided.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab3_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very high</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab4"><div id="ch4.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: High fibre diet compared to control diet for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Control diet</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with High fibre diet (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Global symptom score</p>
|
|
<p>Scale unclear, high score is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptom score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>−6.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptom score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>19.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(29.56 to 9.04 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain score</p>
|
|
<p>Scale unclear, high score is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>−2.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.5 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(13.19 to 1.81 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab5"><div id="ch4.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: High fibre diet + antibiotics compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with High fibre diet</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with High fibre diet + antibiotics (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Side effects (nausea, headache, and asthenia)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1275</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.12</p>
|
|
<p>(0.47 to 2.65)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 10 fewer to 31 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Progression of diseases (diverticulitis)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1275</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.34</p>
|
|
<p>(0.15 to 0.8)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>20 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 6 fewer to 26 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Complications (rectal bleeding)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1275</p>
|
|
<p>(2 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.29</p>
|
|
<p>(0.24 to 7.03)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 more per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 4 fewer to 30 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Global symptomatic score Scale from: 0 to 15.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1622</p>
|
|
<p>(4 studies)</p>
|
|
<p>12–24 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_1" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Results shown as mean change between groups.</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.07 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.19 to 0.95 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because of heterogeneity, I2=50%, p=0.04, unexplained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab6"><div id="ch4.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: High fibre diet + symbiotic compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with High fibre diet</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with High fibre diet + symbiotic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Abdominal pain lasting <24h</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain lasting <24h in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>2</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain lasting <24h in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.2 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.64 lower to 1.04 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Abdominal pain lasting >24h</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>52</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain lasting >24h in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain lasting >24h in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.64 lower to 0.64 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab7"><div id="ch4.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic (400mg) compared to antibiotic (200mg) for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Antibiotic (200mg)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Antibiotic (400mg) (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Global Symptomatic Score at 3 months</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 33, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>82</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 3 months in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.6</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 3 months in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.73 lower to 0.33 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Global Symptomatic Score at 12 months</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 33, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>121</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 12 months in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>7.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 12 months in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.4 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.67 lower to 0.87 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab7_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab7_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab8"><div id="ch4.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate (800mg) compared to aminosalicylate (400mg) for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Aminosalicylate (400mg)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aminosalicylate (800mg) (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Global Symptomatic Score at 3 months</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 33, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>88</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 3 months in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>6.7</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 3 months in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.37 to 0.23 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Global Symptomatic Score at 12 months</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 33, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>123</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 12 months in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.61</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 12 months in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.9 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(1.6 to 0.2 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab8_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab9"><div id="ch4.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Antibiotic compared to aminosalicylate for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Aminosalicylate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Antibiotic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Global Symptomatic Score at 3 months</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 33, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>170</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 3 months in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>5.7</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 3 months in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.19 lower to 2.19 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Global Symptomatic Score at 12 months</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 33, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>244</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 12 months in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.02</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean global symptomatic score at 12 months in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.27 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(3.55 to 4.99 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab9_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab10"><div id="ch4.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylates + probiotics compared to Aminosalicylates for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Aminosalicylates</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aminosalicylates + probiotics (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊕</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perforation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊕</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Zero events in either arm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab11"><div id="ch4.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylates + probiotic compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Probiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aminosalicylates + probiotic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>109</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.14</p>
|
|
<p>(0.00 to 6.95)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 26 fewer to 155 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perforation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>109</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊕</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Zero events in either arm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab12"><div id="ch4.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 12</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aminosalicylate + probiotic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>104</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.11</p>
|
|
<p>(0.02 to 0.58)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>107 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 50 fewer to 96 fewer)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perforation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>104</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.12</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 6.31)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 20 fewer to 106 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab13"><div id="ch4.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 13</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylates compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Probiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aminosalicylates (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>106</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.15</p>
|
|
<p>(0.00 to 7.36)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>22 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 26 fewer to 165 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perforation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>106</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.14</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01 to 2.32)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>31 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 36 fewer to 48 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab14"><div id="ch4.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 14</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Aminosalicylate compared to placebo for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Aminosalicylate (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>117</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not estimable<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">0 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>101</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.08</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 1.3)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">110 fewer per 1000 (from 120 fewer to 36 more)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perforation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>101</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.33</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 6.69)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 114 more)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab14_3"><p class="no_margin">Zero events in either arm</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab15"><div id="ch4.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 15</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Probiotic (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Abdominal pain</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 28, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome reported as mean change</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.54 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.4 lower to 1.3 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Abdominal pain frequency</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 6, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>−0.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.2 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(0.79 lower to 0.39 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Constipation frequency</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 6, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean constipation in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>−0.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean constipation in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.5 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.08 lower to 1.08 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diarrhoea frequency</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 6, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊕⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>1</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean diarrhoea in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>−0.5</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean diarrhoea in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.1 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.42 lower to 0.62 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Per rectum bleeding frequency</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 6, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>120</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean per rectum bleeding in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>−0.4</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean per rectum bleeding in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.38 higher</p>
|
|
<p>(0.1 lower to 0.86 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdominal pain (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.61</p>
|
|
<p>(0.25 to 1.49)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Results shown risk difference between groups.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Constipation (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.36</p>
|
|
<p>(0.13 to 1)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Results shown risk difference between groups.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diarrhoea (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.49</p>
|
|
<p>(0.21 to 1.14)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Results shown risk difference between groups.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Per rectum bleeding (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>60</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.3</p>
|
|
<p>(0.07 to 1.29)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Results shown risk difference between groups.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Acute diverticulitis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.15</p>
|
|
<p>(0.02 to 1.22)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">120 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>102 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 118 fewer to 26 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Perforation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>105</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.12</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 6.2)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 per 1000</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>18 fewer per 1000</p>
|
|
<p>(from 20 fewer to 104 more)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab16"><div id="ch4.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 16</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Symbiotic (2 sachets) compared to Symbiotic (1 sachet) for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Symbiotic (1 sachet)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Symbiotic (2 sachets) (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Pain</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 10, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>6 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.9</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean pain in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1.3 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.52 to 0.08 lower)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab17"><div id="ch4.tab17" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 17</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Laxatives compared to placebo for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab17/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab17_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95 % CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Laxatives (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Symptoms score</p>
|
|
<p>Scale from: 0 to 50, high is poor outcome.</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>27</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>3 months</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊕⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean symptoms score in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>16.7</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab17_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean symptoms score in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>3.7 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(9.29 lower to 1.89 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab17_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab17_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab18"><div id="ch4.tab18" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 18</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence summary: Laxative compared to High fibre diet for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab18/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab18_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of Participants (studies) Follow up</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality of the evidence (GRADE)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative effect (95% CI)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Anticipated absolute effects</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk with High fibre diet</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5" id="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk difference with Laxative (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Abdominal pain (frequency)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale unclear, high is poor outcome</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>39</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain (frequency) in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>−1.55 days</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain (frequency) in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>1 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(2.8 lower to 0.8 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Abdominal pain (severity)</p>
|
|
<p>Scale unclear, high is poor outcome</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>39</p>
|
|
<p>(1 study)</p>
|
|
<p>12 weeks</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⊕⊝⊝⊝</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup></p>
|
|
<p>due to risk of bias, imprecision</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain (severity) in the control groups was</p>
|
|
<p>4.26</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_1_5 hd_h_ch4.tab18_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>The mean abdominal pain (severity) in the intervention groups was</p>
|
|
<p>0.8 lower</p>
|
|
<p>(3.5 lower to 1.9 higher)</p>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab18_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab18_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab19"><div id="ch4.tab19" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 19</span><span class="title">UK costs of laxatives, antibiotics, analgesia, antispasmodics, aminosalicylates, probiotics and prebiotics</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab19/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab19_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Drug</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed daily dose [BNF]<sup>(a)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per unit (£)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per month (£)<sup>(b)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Laxatives</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Isphagula husk 3.5g effervescent granules sachets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 3.5g sachets</p>
|
|
<p>[5–10g once daily]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.09</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£5.52</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methylcellulose 500mg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 × 500mg tablets daily [3–6 × 500mg tablets twice daily]</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.05</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sterculia 62% granules 7g sachets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 7g sachets twice daily</p>
|
|
<p>[1–2 sachets 1–2 times a day]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£13.53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bisacodyl 5mg gastro-resistant tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 5mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[5–10 mg once daily increased if necessary up to 20mg once daily]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£12.66</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sodium picosulfate 5mg/5ml oral solution</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 5mg/ml solutions</p>
|
|
<p>[5–10mg once daily]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£7.20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Senna 7.5mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 7.5mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[7.5–15mg daily (maximum dose 30 mg daily)]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.03</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.67</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lactulose 3.1g–3.7g/5ml oral solution</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 × 3.1g–3.7g/5ml oral solution</p>
|
|
<p>[Initially 15ml twice daily, adjusted according to response]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.02</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4.13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Macrogol 3350 oral powder 8.5g sachets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 sachets</p>
|
|
<p>[2 sachets once daily usually for up to 2 weeks]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.14</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.89<sup>(c)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Docusate sodium 100mg capsules (by mouth)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5 × 100mg capsules</p>
|
|
<p>[Up to 500mg daily in divided doses, adjusted according to response]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.07</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£10.60</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glycerol (by rectum) 4g suppositories</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 × 4g suppository</p>
|
|
<p>[4g, as required]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.10</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.94</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Micralax (sodium citrate 90mg/ml) 5ml micro-enema</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 enema</p>
|
|
<p>[1 enema per dose]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.41</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£12.35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">British National Formulary</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arachis oil 130ml enema</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 × 130ml enema</p>
|
|
<p>[130ml, as required]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£47.50</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£95<sup>(d)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_14_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotics</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rifaximin 200mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 200mg tablets - 4 × 200mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[200mg every 8 hours for 3 days]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.68</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£33.67<sup>(e)</sup>–£67.33<sup>(e)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Analgesia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paracetamol 500mg (by mouth)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 500mg tablets every 6 hours</p>
|
|
<p>[0.5–1g every 4–6 hours</p>
|
|
<p>(maximum 4g per day)]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.02</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.87</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ibuprofen 400mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 × 400mg tablet 4 times a day</p>
|
|
<p>[Initially 300–400mg 3–4 times a day; increased if necessary to up to 600mg 4 times a day; maintenance 200–400mg 3 times a day, may be adequate]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.03</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£3.25</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dexibuprofen 400mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 400mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[600–900mg daily in up to 3 divided doses; increased if necessary up to 1.2g daily (maximum per dose 400mg)]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£9.61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Naproxen 250mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>5 × 250mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[Initially 500mg, then 250mg every 6–8 hours as required (maximum dose after the first day 1.25g daily)]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.03</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4.24</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nefopam 30mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 × 30mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[Initially 60mg, 3 times a day, adjusted according to response; usual dose 30–90mg, 3 times a day]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£38.90</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_16_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Antispasmodics</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Atropine sulfate 600 microgram tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>2 × 600µg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[600–1200µg daily]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.89</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£115.05</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dicycloverine hydrochloride 20mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3 × 20mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[10–25mg, 3 times a day]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.34</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£213.81</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Propantheline bromide 15mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3 × 15mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[15mg, 3 times a day (maximum 120mg per day)]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.19</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£16.91</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alverine citrate 60mg capsules</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 × 60mg capsules</p>
|
|
<p>[60–120mg 1–3 times a day]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.05</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£8.31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mebeverine hydrochloride 135mg tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3 × 135mg tablets</p>
|
|
<p>[135mg–150mg 3 times a day]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.04</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4.01</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peppermint oil 0.2ml gastro resistant capsules</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>6 × 0.2ml capsules</p>
|
|
<p>[1–2 capsules 3 times a day for up to 2–3 months if necessary]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£15.31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_22_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_29_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylates</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mesalazine (Octasa®) tablets 800mg gastro-resistant tablets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1 × 800mg tablet<sup>(d)</sup>−2 × 800mg tablets daily</p>
|
|
<p>[2.4–4.8g daily]</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.45</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£4.49<sup>(e)</sup> – £27.31</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NHS Drug Tariff</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_31_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Probiotics and prebiotics</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VSL#3 Probiotic food supplement oral powder 4.4g sachets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 × 4.4g sachet daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£34.86</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab19_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab19_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">BNF (NHS indicative price)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Sources: NHS Drug Tariff, February 2018; British National Formulary</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab19_1"><p class="no_margin">Dosages for adults, British National Formulary</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab19_2"><p class="no_margin">Depending on number of units taken</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab19_3"><p class="no_margin">Cost per 14 day course; not per month</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab19_4"><p class="no_margin">Cost per 2 days; not per month</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab19_5"><p class="no_margin">Cost when dose taken 10 days out of every month</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4tab20"><div id="ch4.tab20" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 20</span><span class="title">UK costs to people with diverticular disease for items not prescribed on the NHS</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.tab20/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.tab20_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Drug</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Assumed daily dose<sup>(a)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per unit (£)</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Cost per month (£)<sup>(b)</sup></th><th id="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Source</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dietary Fibre</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Glucomannan 500mg capsules</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 × 500mg capsules–8 × 500mg capsules</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.12</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£14.18–£28.37</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available in BNF; Retail price from stockist<sup>(d)</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">GG Scandinavian Bran Crispbread (4.26g dietary fibre)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 crispbreads (4.26g dietary fibre per crispbread)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£24.20</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available in BNF; Retail price from stockist<sup>(d)</sup></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Probiotics and prebiotics</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">VSL#3 Probiotic food supplement oral powder 4.4g sachets (non-prescribed)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 × 4.4g sachet daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.35</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£71.47</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retail price from stockist<sup>(e)</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vivomixx (450 billion live bacteria per sachet) 4.4g sachets</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 × 4.4g sachet daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£1.48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£45.02</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retail price from stockist<sup>(e)</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><i>Lactobacillus casei</i>: Probio 10 (containing <i>L. casei</i> 5×10^7 viable cells, among 10 different species of micro-organisms)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 capsule daily</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.08</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£2.53</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available in BNF; Retail price from stockist<sup>(d)</sup></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_1 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Symprove™</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_2 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1ml/kg</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_3 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£0.03/ml</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">£75.14<sup>(c)</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.tab20_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.tab20_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not available in BNF; Retail price from stockist<sup>(f)</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Sources: <a href="http://Amazon.co.uk" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Amazon.co.uk</a>, Holland and Barrett, <a href="http://shop.symprove.com" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">shop.symprove.com</a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(a)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab20_1"><p class="no_margin">Dosages for adults</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(b)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab20_2"><p class="no_margin">Depending on number of units taken</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(c)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab20_3"><p class="no_margin">Cost exclusive of VAT for a weight of 75kg calculated from the average BMI (BMI 27.7) reported in Kvasnovsky 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref24" rid="ch4.ref24"><sup>24</sup></a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(d)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab20_4"><p class="no_margin">Retail price obtained from Holland and Barrett</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(e)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab20_5"><p class="no_margin">Retail price obtained from <a href="http://Amazon.co.uk" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Amazon<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.co.uk</a></p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>(f)</dt><dd><div id="ch4.tab20_6"><p class="no_margin">Retail price obtained from <a href="http://shop.symprove.com" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">shop<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.symprove.com</a></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appatab1"><div id="ch4.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 21</span><span class="title">Review protocol: Management of diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the most clinically and cost-effective treatment for diverticular disease?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Intervention review</p>
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<p>A review of health economic evidence related to the same review question was conducted in parallel with this review. For details see the health economic review protocol for this NICE guideline.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To find the most effective treatment for diverticular disease</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population / disease / condition / issue / domain</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adults 18 years and over with diverticular disease</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s) / exposure(s) / prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l23"><li id="ch4.lt58" class="half_rhythm"><div>High fibre diet (soluble and insoluble fibre)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt59" class="half_rhythm"><div>Low fibre diet</div></li><li id="ch4.lt60" class="half_rhythm"><div>Any dietary advice</div></li><li id="ch4.lt61" class="half_rhythm"><div>Laxatives</div></li><li id="ch4.lt62" class="half_rhythm"><div>Oral fluids</div></li><li id="ch4.lt63" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics</div></li><li id="ch4.lt64" class="half_rhythm"><div>Analgesia (paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], opiates, nefopam)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt65" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antispasmodics</div></li><li id="ch4.lt66" class="half_rhythm"><div>Aminosalicylates</div></li><li id="ch4.lt67" class="half_rhythm"><div>Probiotics and prebiotics</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s) / control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l24"><li id="ch4.lt68" class="half_rhythm"><div>Each other</div></li><li id="ch4.lt69" class="half_rhythm"><div>No treatment</div></li><li id="ch4.lt70" class="half_rhythm"><div>Placebo</div></li><li id="ch4.lt71" class="half_rhythm"><div>Dosing studies</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Critical outcomes:
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<ul id="ch4.l25"><li id="ch4.lt72" class="half_rhythm"><div>Progression of disease
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<ul id="ch4.l26" class="circle"><li id="ch4.lt73" class="half_rhythm"><div>Acute diverticulitis</div></li><li id="ch4.lt74" class="half_rhythm"><div>Hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch4.lt75" class="half_rhythm"><div>Need for surgery</div></li><li id="ch4.lt76" class="half_rhythm"><div>Complications (infections, abscesses, perforation)</div></li></ul></div></li><li id="ch4.lt77" class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptom control (pain relief, bowel habit)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt78" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li></ul>
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Important outcomes:
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<ul id="ch4.l27"><li id="ch4.lt79" class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li id="ch4.lt80" class="half_rhythm"><div>Side effects of:
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<ul id="ch4.l28" class="circle"><li id="ch4.lt81" class="half_rhythm"><div>Antibiotics: nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, infections related to antibiotics</div></li><li id="ch4.lt82" class="half_rhythm"><div>Analgesics: nausea and vomiting, constipation</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews of RCTs.</p>
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<p>If no RCT evidence is available, search for observational studies Confounders: age, gender</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclusions:
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<ul id="ch4.l29"><li id="ch4.lt83" class="half_rhythm"><div>Children and young people aged 17 years and younger</div></li><li id="ch4.lt84" class="half_rhythm"><div>Primary prevention</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity / subgroup analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Subgroups:
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<ul id="ch4.l30"><li id="ch4.lt85" class="half_rhythm"><div>people of Asian family origin as they are known to develop right-sided diverticula</div></li><li id="ch4.lt86" class="half_rhythm"><div>transplant patients/ immunocompromised</div></li><li id="ch4.lt87" class="half_rhythm"><div>Age (<50 years and >50 years)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening / selection / analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies are sifted by title and abstract. Potentially significant publications obtained in full text are then assessed against the inclusion criteria specified in this protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l31"><li id="ch4.lt88" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pairwise meta-analyses performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt89" class="half_rhythm"><div>GRADEpro used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome</div></li><li id="ch4.lt90" class="half_rhythm"><div>Bibliographies, citations and study sifting managed using EndNote</div></li><li id="ch4.lt91" class="half_rhythm"><div>Data extractions performed using EviBase, a platform designed and maintained by the National Guideline Centre (NGC)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/conditions-and-diseases/digestive-tract-conditions/diverticular-disease" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/conditions-and-diseases<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/digestive-tract-conditions<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​/diverticular-disease</a>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#ch4.appb">appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms / duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#ch4.appd">appendix D</a> of the evidence report.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see evidence tables in <a href="#ch4.appd">Appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#ch4.appg">G</a> (health economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome / study level</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for quantitative analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the separate Methods report (Chapter R) for this guideline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale / context – what is known</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the evidence review. The committee was convened by the National Guideline Centre (NGC) and chaired by James Dalrymple in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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<p>Staff from NGC undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the evidence review in collaboration with the committee. For details please see <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding / support</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NGC is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Physicians.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds NGC to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health and social care in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not registered</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appatab2"><div id="ch4.appa.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 22</span><span class="title">Health economic review protocol</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Review question</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">All questions – health economic evidence</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Objectives</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To identify health economic studies relevant to any of the review questions.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search criteria</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul id="ch4.l32"><li id="ch4.lt92" class="half_rhythm"><div>Populations, interventions and comparators must be as specified in the clinical review protocol above.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt93" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be of a relevant health economic study design (cost–utility analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost–consequences analysis, comparative cost analysis).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt94" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must not be a letter, editorial or commentary, or a review of health economic evaluations. (Recent reviews will be ordered although not reviewed. The bibliographies will be checked for relevant studies, which will then be ordered.)</div></li><li id="ch4.lt95" class="half_rhythm"><div>Unpublished reports will not be considered unless submitted as part of a call for evidence.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt96" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies must be in English.</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Search strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A health economic study search will be undertaken using population-specific terms and a health economic study filter – see <a href="#ch4.appb">appendix B</a> below.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<b>Review strategy</b>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Studies not meeting any of the search criteria above will be excluded. Studies published before 2002, abstract-only studies and studies from non-OECD countries or the USA will also be excluded.</p><p>Each remaining study will be assessed for applicability and methodological limitations using the NICE economic evaluation checklist which can be found in <a href="#ch4.apph">appendix H</a> of Developing NICE guidelines: the manual (2014).<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref34" rid="ch4.ref34"><sup>34</sup></a></p>
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<p><b>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</b>
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<ul id="ch4.l33"><li id="ch4.lt97" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as both ‘Directly applicable’ and with ‘Minor limitations’ then it will be included in the guideline. A health economic evidence table will be completed and it will be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt98" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as either ‘Not applicable’ or with ‘Very serious limitations’ then it will usually be excluded from the guideline. If it is excluded then a health economic evidence table will not be completed and it will not be included in the health economic evidence profile.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt99" class="half_rhythm"><div>If a study is rated as ‘Partially applicable’, with ‘Potentially serious limitations’ or both then there is discretion over whether it should be included.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><b>Where there is discretion</b></p>
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<p>The health economist will make a decision based on the relative applicability and quality of the available evidence for that question, in discussion with the guideline committee if required. The ultimate aim is to include health economic studies that are helpful for decision-making in the context of the guideline and the current NHS setting. If several studies are considered of sufficiently high applicability and methodological quality that they could all be included, then the health economist, in discussion with the committee if required, may decide to include only the most applicable studies and to selectively exclude the remaining studies. All studies excluded on the basis of applicability or methodological limitations will be listed with explanation in the excluded health economic studies appendix below.</p><p>The health economist will be guided by the following hierarchies.</p>
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<p><i>Setting:</i>
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<ul id="ch4.l34"><li id="ch4.lt100" class="half_rhythm"><div>UK NHS (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt101" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly public health insurance systems (for example, France, Germany, Sweden).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt102" class="half_rhythm"><div>OECD countries with predominantly private health insurance systems (for example, Switzerland).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt103" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies set in non-OECD countries or in the USA will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Health economic study type:</i>
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<ul id="ch4.l35"><li id="ch4.lt104" class="half_rhythm"><div>Cost–utility analysis (most applicable).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt105" class="half_rhythm"><div>Other type of full economic evaluation (cost–benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–consequences analysis).</div></li><li id="ch4.lt106" class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cost analysis.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt107" class="half_rhythm"><div>Non-comparative cost analyses including cost-of-illness studies will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Year of analysis:</i>
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<ul id="ch4.l36"><li id="ch4.lt108" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more recent the study, the more applicable it will be.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt109" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published in 2002 or later but that depend on unit costs and resource data entirely or predominantly from before 2002 will be rated as ‘Not applicable’.</div></li><li id="ch4.lt110" class="half_rhythm"><div>Studies published before 2002 will be excluded before being assessed for applicability and methodological limitations.</div></li></ul></p>
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<p><i>Quality and relevance of effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis:</i>
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<ul id="ch4.l37"><li id="ch4.lt111" class="half_rhythm"><div>The more closely the clinical effectiveness data used in the health economic analysis match with the outcomes of the studies included in the clinical review the more useful the analysis will be for decision-making in the guideline.</div></li></ul></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab1"><div id="ch4.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 23</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase (OVID)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusions</p>
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<p>Randomised controlled trials</p>
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<p>Systematic review studies</p>
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<p>Observational studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Cochrane Library (Wiley)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Cochrane Reviews to 2018 Issue 11 of 12</p>
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<p>CENTRAL to 2018 Issue 11 of 12</p>
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<p>DARE, and NHSEED to 2015 Issue 2 of 4</p>
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<p>HTA to 2016 Issue 2 of 4</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab2"><div id="ch4.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 24</span><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3–10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 not 12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/13–19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">controlled clinical trial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomi#ed.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">placebo.ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomly.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical Trials as topic.sh.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">trial.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22–28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Meta-Analysis as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/50–59</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Epidemiologic studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Cohort studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Controlled Before-After Studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Historically Controlled Study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interrupted Time Series Analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–39</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/41–42</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 or 43</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional studies/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/45–46</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 or 47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 or 43 or 47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 and (29 or 40 or 60)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab3"><div id="ch4.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 25</span><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3–7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 not 9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/10–17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">factorial*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(crossover* or cross over*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((doubl* or singl*) adj blind*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(assign* or allocat* or volunteer* or placebo*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">crossover procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">single blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">double blind procedure/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20–28</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">systematic review/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">meta-analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(meta analy* or metanaly* or metaanaly* or meta regression).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((systematic* or evidence*) adj3 (review* or overview*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(reference list* or bibliograph* or hand search* or manual search* or relevant journals).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search strategy or search criteria or systematic search or study selection or data extraction).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(search* adj4 literature).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(medline or pubmed or cochrane or embase or psychlit or psyclit or psychinfo or psycinfo or cinahl or science citation index or bids or cancerlit).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cochrane.jw.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((multiple treatment* or indirect or mixed) adj2 comparison*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/30–39</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Observational study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">family study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">longitudinal study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">retrospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">prospective study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort analysis/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">follow-up/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cohort*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 and 49</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cohort adj (study or studies or analys* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((follow up or observational or uncontrolled or non randomi#ed or epidemiologic*) adj (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((longitudinal or retrospective or prospective or cross sectional) and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(before adj2 after adj2 (study or studies or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/41–47,50–54</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp case control study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case control*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/56–57</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 or 58</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cross-sectional study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cross sectional and (study or studies or review or analys* or cohort* or data)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/60–61</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 or 62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 or 58 or 62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 and (29 or 40 or 64)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab4"><div id="ch4.appb.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 26</span><span class="title">Cochrane Library (Wiley) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab5"><div id="ch4.appb.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 27</span><span class="title">Database date parameters and filters used</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Database</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dates searched</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search filter used</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medline</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1946 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics modelling studies</p>
|
|
<p>Quality of life studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Embase</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1974 – 13 November 2018</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Exclusions</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics studies</p>
|
|
<p>Health economics modelling studies</p>
|
|
<p>Quality of life studies</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Centre for Research and Dissemination (CRD)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>HTA - Inception – 13 November 2018</p>
|
|
<p>NHSEED - Inception to March 2015</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appb.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab6"><div id="ch4.appb.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 28</span><span class="title">Medline (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">news/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp historical article/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anecdotes as Topic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">comment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3–10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 not 12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animals, Laboratory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experimentation/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Models, Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodentia/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/13–19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 20</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22–37</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp models, economic/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*Models, Theoretical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">markov chains/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Decision Theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Models, Organizational/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*models, statistical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*logistic models/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">models, nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((organi?ation* or operation* or service* or concept*) adj3 (model* or map* or program* or simulation* or system* or analys*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(econom* adj2 (theor* or system* or map* or evaluat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SSM or SODA).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(strateg* adj3 (option* or choice*) adj3 (analys* or decision*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">soft systems method*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Meta-heuristic* or Metaheuristic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dynamic* adj2 (model* or system*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(simulation adj3 (model* or discrete event* or agent)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(microsimulation* or “micro* simulation*”).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((flow or core) adj2 model*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(data adj2 envelopment*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">system* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/41–64</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality-adjusted life years/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(quality adj2 (wellbeing or well being)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disability adjusted life.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qal* or qtime* or qwb* or daly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or eq5d* or eq 5*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol* or hql* or hqol* or h qol* or hrqol* or hr qol*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health utility* or utility score* or disutilit* or utility value*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health* year* equivalent* or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete choice*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(willingness to pay or time tradeoff or time trade off or tto or standard gamble*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36* or sf 36* or short form 36* or shortform 36* or shortform36*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12* or sf 12* or short form 12* or shortform 12* or shortform12*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8* or sf 8* or short form 8* or shortform 8* or shortform8*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6* or sf 6* or short form 6* or shortform 6* or shortform6*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/22–40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">84.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 and (38 or 63 or 83)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab7"><div id="ch4.appb.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 29</span><span class="title">Embase (Ovid) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*.mp.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 1 to English language</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or letter/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">case report/ or case study/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/3–7</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomized controlled trial/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 not 9</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal/ not human/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonhuman/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Animal Experiment/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Experimental Animal/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">animal model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Rodent/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/10–17</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 not 18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of life/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp “Fees and Charges”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">budget*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">cost*.ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(price* or pricing*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20–35</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">statistical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">*theoretical model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">nonbiological model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">stochastic model/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">decision tree/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp nursing theory/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">monte carlo method/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(markov* or monte carlo).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">econom* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(decision* adj2 (tree* or analy* or model*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((organi?ation* or operation* or service* or concept*) adj3 (model* or map* or program* or simulation* or system* or analys*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(econom* adj2 (theor* or system* or map* or evaluat*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(SSM or SODA).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(strateg* adj3 (option* or choice*) adj3 (analys* or decision*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">soft systems method*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(Meta-heuristic* or Metaheuristic*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(dynamic* adj2 (model* or system*)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(simulation adj3 (model* or discrete event* or agent)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(microsimulation* or “micro* simulation*”).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((flow or core) adj2 model*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(data adj2 envelopment*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">system* model*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/39–61</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">quality adjusted life year/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">“quality of life index”/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">short form 12/ or short form 20/ or short form 36/ or short form 8/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile/</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(quality adj2 (wellbeing or well being)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">sickness impact profile.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">disability adjusted life.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qal* or qtime* or qwb* or daly*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(euroqol* or eq5d* or eq 5*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(qol* or hql* or hqol* or h qol* or hrqol* or hr qol*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health utility* or utility score* or disutilit* or utility value*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(health* year* equivalent* or hye or hyes).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">discrete choice*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">rosser.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(willingness to pay or time tradeoff or time trade off or tto or standard gamble*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf36* or sf 36* or short form 36* or shortform 36* or shortform36*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or shortform20).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf12* or sf 12* or short form 12* or shortform 12* or shortform12*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf8* or sf 8* or short form 8* or shortform 8* or shortform8*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(sf6* or sf 6* or short form 6* or shortform 6* or shortform6*).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/20–40</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 and (36 or 60 or 82)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appbtab8"><div id="ch4.appb.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 30</span><span class="title">NHS EED and HTA (CRD) search terms</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appb.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appb.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">diverticul*</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appcfig1"><div id="ch4.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20review%20of%20management%20of%20diverticular%20disease.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of management of diverticular disease." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow chart of clinical study selection for the review of management of diverticular disease</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig1"><div id="ch4.appe.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%202.%20Symptoms%3A%20Global%20symptom%20score.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef1.jpg" alt="Figure 2. Symptoms: Global symptom score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 2</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Global symptom score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig2"><div id="ch4.appe.fig2" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%203.%20Symptoms%3A%20Pain%20score.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef2.jpg" alt="Figure 3. Symptoms: Pain score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 3</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Pain score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig3"><div id="ch4.appe.fig3" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%204.%20Side%20effects%20(nausea%2C%20headache%2C%20and%20asthenia).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef3.jpg" alt="Figure 4. Side effects (nausea, headache, and asthenia)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 4</span><span class="title">Side effects (nausea, headache, and asthenia)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig4"><div id="ch4.appe.fig4" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%205.%20Progression%20of%20diseases%3A%20Diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef4.jpg" alt="Figure 5. Progression of diseases: Diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 5</span><span class="title">Progression of diseases: Diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig5"><div id="ch4.appe.fig5" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%206.%20Complications%3A%20Rectal%20bleeding.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef5.jpg" alt="Figure 6. Complications: Rectal bleeding." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 6</span><span class="title">Complications: Rectal bleeding</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig6"><div id="ch4.appe.fig6" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%207.%20Symptoms%3A%20Global%20symptom%20score.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef6.jpg" alt="Figure 7. Symptoms: Global symptom score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 7</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Global symptom score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig7"><div id="ch4.appe.fig7" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%208.%20Symptoms%3A%20Abdominal%20pain%20lasting%20%3C24%20hrs.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef7.jpg" alt="Figure 8. Symptoms: Abdominal pain lasting <24 hrs." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 8</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Abdominal pain lasting <24 hrs</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig8"><div id="ch4.appe.fig8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%209.%20Symptoms%3A%20Abdominal%20pain%20lasting%20%3E24%20hrs.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef8.jpg" alt="Figure 9. Symptoms: Abdominal pain lasting >24 hrs." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 9</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Abdominal pain lasting >24 hrs</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig9"><div id="ch4.appe.fig9" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2010.%20Symptoms%3A%20Global%20symptom%20score%20(at%203%20months).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef9.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef9.jpg" alt="Figure 10. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 3 months)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 10</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 3 months)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig10"><div id="ch4.appe.fig10" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2011.%20Symptoms%3A%20Global%20symptom%20score%20(at%2012%20months).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef10.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef10.jpg" alt="Figure 11. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 12 months)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 11</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 12 months)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig11"><div id="ch4.appe.fig11" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2012.%20Symptoms%3A%20Global%20symptom%20score%20(at%203%20months).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef11.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef11.jpg" alt="Figure 12. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 3 months)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 12</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 3 months)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig12"><div id="ch4.appe.fig12" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2013.%20Symptoms%3A%20Global%20symptom%20score%20(at%2012%20months).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef12.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef12.jpg" alt="Figure 13. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 12 months)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 13</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 12 months)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig13"><div id="ch4.appe.fig13" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2014.%20Symptoms%3A%20Global%20symptom%20score%20(at%203%20months).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef13.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef13.jpg" alt="Figure 14. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 3 months)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 14</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 3 months)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig14"><div id="ch4.appe.fig14" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2015.%20Symptoms%3A%20Global%20symptom%20score%20(at%2012%20months).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef14.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef14.jpg" alt="Figure 15. Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 12 months)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 15</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Global symptom score (at 12 months)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig15"><div id="ch4.appe.fig15" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2016.%20Progression%20of%20disease%3A%20Acute%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef15.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef15.jpg" alt="Figure 16. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 16</span><span class="title">Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig16"><div id="ch4.appe.fig16" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2017.%20Complication%3A%20Perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef16.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef16.jpg" alt="Figure 17. Complication: Perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 17</span><span class="title">Complication: Perforation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig17"><div id="ch4.appe.fig17" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2018.%20Progression%20of%20disease%3A%20Acute%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef17.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef17.jpg" alt="Figure 18. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 18</span><span class="title">Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig18"><div id="ch4.appe.fig18" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2019.%20Complication%3A%20Perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef18.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef18.jpg" alt="Figure 19. Complication: Perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 19</span><span class="title">Complication: Perforation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig19"><div id="ch4.appe.fig19" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2020.%20Progression%20of%20disease%3A%20Acute%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef19.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef19.jpg" alt="Figure 20. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 20</span><span class="title">Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig20"><div id="ch4.appe.fig20" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2021.%20Complication%3A%20Perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef20.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef20.jpg" alt="Figure 21. Complication: Perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 21</span><span class="title">Complication: Perforation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig21"><div id="ch4.appe.fig21" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2022.%20Progression%20of%20disease%3A%20Acute%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef21.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef21.jpg" alt="Figure 22. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 22</span><span class="title">Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig22"><div id="ch4.appe.fig22" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2023.%20Complication%3A%20Perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef22.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef22.jpg" alt="Figure 23. Complication: Perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 23</span><span class="title">Complication: Perforation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig23"><div id="ch4.appe.fig23" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2024.%20Mortality.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef23.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef23.jpg" alt="Figure 24. Mortality." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 24</span><span class="title">Mortality</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig24"><div id="ch4.appe.fig24" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2025.%20Progression%20of%20disease%3A%20Acute%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef24.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef24.jpg" alt="Figure 25. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 25</span><span class="title">Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig25"><div id="ch4.appe.fig25" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2026.%20Complication%3A%20Perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef25.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef25.jpg" alt="Figure 26. Complication: Perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 26</span><span class="title">Complication: Perforation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig26"><div id="ch4.appe.fig26" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2027.%20Symptoms%3A%20Abdominal%20pain%20frequency%20score.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef26.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef26.jpg" alt="Figure 27. Symptoms: Abdominal pain frequency score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 27</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Abdominal pain frequency score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig27"><div id="ch4.appe.fig27" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2028.%20Symptoms%3A%20Abdominal%20pain%20frequency%20score.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef27.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef27.jpg" alt="Figure 28. Symptoms: Abdominal pain frequency score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 28</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Abdominal pain frequency score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig28"><div id="ch4.appe.fig28" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2029.%20Symptoms%3A%20Constipation%20frequency%20score.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef28.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef28.jpg" alt="Figure 29. Symptoms: Constipation frequency score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 29</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Constipation frequency score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig29"><div id="ch4.appe.fig29" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2030.%20Symptoms%3A%20Diarrhoea%20frequency%20score.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef29.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef29.jpg" alt="Figure 30. Symptoms: Diarrhoea frequency score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 30</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Diarrhoea frequency score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig30"><div id="ch4.appe.fig30" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2031.%20Complications%3A%20Rectal%20bleeding%20frequency%20score.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef30.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef30.jpg" alt="Figure 31. Complications: Rectal bleeding frequency score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 31</span><span class="title">Complications: Rectal bleeding frequency score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig31"><div id="ch4.appe.fig31" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2032.%20Symptoms%3A%20Abdominal%20pain%20(likelihood%20of%20daily%20frequency%20of%20symptom).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef31.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef31.jpg" alt="Figure 32. Symptoms: Abdominal pain (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 32</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Abdominal pain (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig32"><div id="ch4.appe.fig32" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2033.%20Symptoms%3A%20Constipation%20(likelihood%20of%20daily%20frequency%20of%20symptom).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef32.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef32.jpg" alt="Figure 33. Symptoms: Constipation (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 33</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Constipation (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig33"><div id="ch4.appe.fig33" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2034.%20Symptoms%3A%20Diarrhoea%20(likelihood%20of%20daily%20frequency%20of%20symptom).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef33.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef33.jpg" alt="Figure 34. Symptoms: Diarrhoea (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 34</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Diarrhoea (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig34"><div id="ch4.appe.fig34" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2035.%20Complications%3A%20Rectal%20bleeding%20(likelihood%20of%20daily%20frequency%20of%20symptom).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef34.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef34.jpg" alt="Figure 35. Complications: Rectal bleeding (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 35</span><span class="title">Complications: Rectal bleeding (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig35"><div id="ch4.appe.fig35" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2036.%20Progression%20of%20disease%3A%20Acute%20diverticulitis.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef35.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef35.jpg" alt="Figure 36. Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 36</span><span class="title">Progression of disease: Acute diverticulitis</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig36"><div id="ch4.appe.fig36" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2037.%20Complication%3A%20Perforation.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef36.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef36.jpg" alt="Figure 37. Complication: Perforation." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 37</span><span class="title">Complication: Perforation</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig37"><div id="ch4.appe.fig37" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2038.%20Symptoms%3A%20Pain.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef37.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef37.jpg" alt="Figure 38. Symptoms: Pain." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 38</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Pain</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig38"><div id="ch4.appe.fig38" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2039.%20Symptoms%3A%20Symptom%20score.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef38.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef38.jpg" alt="Figure 39. Symptoms: Symptom score." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 39</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Symptom score</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig39"><div id="ch4.appe.fig39" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2040.%20Symptoms%3A%20Abdominal%20pain%20(frequency).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef39.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef39.jpg" alt="Figure 40. Symptoms: Abdominal pain (frequency)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 40</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Abdominal pain (frequency)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appefig40"><div id="ch4.appe.fig40" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2041.%20Symptoms%3A%20Abdominal%20pain%20(severity).&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appef40.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appef40.jpg" alt="Figure 41. Symptoms: Abdominal pain (severity)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 41</span><span class="title">Symptoms: Abdominal pain (severity)</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab1"><div id="ch4.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 32</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: High fibre diet compared to control diet for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">High fibre diet</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Control diet</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global symptom score (follow-up mean 3 months; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 19.3 lower (29.56 to 9.04 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pain score (follow-up mean 3 months; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 7.5 lower (13.19 to 1.81 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab2"><div id="ch4.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 33</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: High fibre diet + antibiotics compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">High fibre diet + antibiotics</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Hig fibre diet</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Side effects (nausea, headache, and asthenia) (follow-up 12–24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>14/779</p>
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<p>(1.8%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1.9%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.12 (0.47 to 2.65)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2 more per 1000 (from 10 fewer to 31 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Progression of diseases (diverticulitis) (follow-up 12–24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>8/779</p>
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<p>(1%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.1%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.34 (0.15 to 0.8)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">20 fewer per 1000 (from 6 fewer to 26 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Complications (rectal bleeding) (follow-up 12–24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>4/779</p>
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<p>(0.51%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0.5%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.29 (0.24 to 7.03)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">1 more per 1000 (from 4 fewer to 30 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global symptomatic score (follow-up 12–24 months; range of scores: 0–15; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">953</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">669</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.07 lower (1.19 to 0.95 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab2_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 or 2 increments because of heterogeneity, I2=50%, p=0.04, unexplained by subgroup analysis.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab3"><div id="ch4.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 34</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: High fibre diet + symbiotic compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">High fibre diet + symbiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">High fibre diet</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Abdominal pain lasting <24h (follow-up mean 6 months; range of scores: 0–10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 higher (0.64 lower to 1.04 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Abdominal pain lasting >24h (follow-up mean 6 months; range of scores: 0–10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 lower (2.64 lower to 0.64 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">⨁⨁◯◯ LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab4"><div id="ch4.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 35</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotic (200mg) compared to antibiotic (400mg) for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotic (low dose)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotic (high dose)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global Symptomatic Score at 3 months (follow-up mean 3 months; range of scores: 0–33; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.7 lower (3.73 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global Symptomatic Score at 12 months (follow-up mean 12 months; range of scores: 0–33; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.4 lower (1.67 lower to 0.87 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab5"><div id="ch4.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 36</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate (400mg) compared to aminosalicylate (800mg) for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate (low dose)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate (high dose)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global Symptomatic Score at 3 months (follow-up mean 3 months; range of scores: 0–33; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.8 lower (3.37 to 0.23 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global Symptomatic Score at 12 months (follow-up mean 12 months; range of scores: 0–33; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.9 lower (1.6 to 0.2 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab6"><div id="ch4.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 37</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Antibiotic compared to aminosalicylate for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Antibiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global Symptomatic Score at 3 months (follow-up mean 3 months; range of scores: 0–33; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">88</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 higher (0.19 lower to 2.19 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Global Symptomatic Score at 12 months (follow-up mean 12 months; range of scores: 0–33; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">121</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">123</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.27 higher (3.55 to 4.99 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">⨁⨁◯◯ LOW</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab7"><div id="ch4.appf.tab7" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 38</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylates + probiotics compared to Aminosalicylates for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab7/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab7_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylates + probiotics</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Acute diverticulitis (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>0/51</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
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<p>HIGH</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Perforation (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>0/51</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
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<p>HIGH</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab7_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab8"><div id="ch4.appf.tab8" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 39</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylates + probiotic compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab8/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab8_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylates + probiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Probiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Acute diverticulitis (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>0/54</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Peto OR 0.14</p>
|
|
<p>(0.0 to 6.95)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22 fewer per 1000 (from 26 fewer to 155 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Perforation (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/54</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">not pooled</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">not pooled</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab8_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab8_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab9"><div id="ch4.appf.tab9" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 40</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate + probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab9/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab9_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylates + probiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Acute diverticulitis (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/54</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Peto OR 0.11</p>
|
|
<p>(0.02 to 0.58)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">107 fewer per 1000 (from 50 fewer to 96 fewer)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Perforation (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/54</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Peto OR 0.12</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 6.31)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 106 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab9_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab9_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab10"><div id="ch4.appf.tab10" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 41</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylates compared to Probiotic for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab10/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab10_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylates</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Probiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Acute diverticulitis (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>0/51</p>
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<p>(0%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Peto OR 0.15</p>
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<p>(0.04 to 3.37)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">22 fewer per 1000 (from 26 fewer to 165 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Perforation (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>0/51</p>
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<p>(0%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">3.6%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Peto OR 0.14</p>
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<p>(0.01 to 2.32)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">31 fewer per 1000 (from 36 fewer to 48 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab10_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab10_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab11"><div id="ch4.appf.tab11" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 42</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate compared to placebo for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab11/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab11_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>0/56</p>
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<p>(0%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
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<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Acute diverticulitis (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/51</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>RR 0.08</p>
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<p>(0 to 1.3)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">110 fewer per 1000 (from 120 fewer to 36 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Perforation (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>0/51</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Peto OR 0.33</p>
|
|
<p>(0 to 6.69)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 114 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab11_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab11_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab11_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab12"><div id="ch4.appf.tab12" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 43</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Aminosalicylate (continuous) compared to aminosalicylate (cyclic) for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab12/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab12_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate (continuous)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Aminosalicylate (cyclic)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Progression of disease: acute diverticulitis (follow-up mean 24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/18</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">6.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 0.12 (0 to 6.06)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">55 fewer per 1000 (from 63 fewer to 319 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Symptom free (overall symptomatic score=0) (follow-up mean 24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>14/18</p>
|
|
<p>(77.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56.3%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 1.38 (0.84 to 2.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">214 more per 1000 (from 90 fewer to 715 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Irregularly slight or mild symptoms (overall symptomatic score=12) (follow-up mean 24 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>2/18</p>
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<p>(11.1%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18.8%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.59 (0.11 to 3.11)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">77 fewer per 1000 (from 167 fewer to 397 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab12_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab12_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab12_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab13"><div id="ch4.appf.tab13" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 44</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Probiotic compared to placebo for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab13/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab13_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Probiotic</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Abdominal pain severity (follow-up mean 3 months; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.54 lower (2.4 lower to 1.3 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
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<p>MODERATE</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Abdominal pain (follow-up mean 3 months; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.2 lower (0.79 lower to 0.39 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
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<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Constipation (follow-up mean 3 months; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 higher (0.08 lower to 1.08 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diarrhoea (follow-up mean 3 months; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.1 higher (0.42 lower to 0.62 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Per rectum bleeding (follow-up mean 3 months; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.38 higher (0.1 lower to 0.86 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Abdominal pain (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom) (follow-up mean 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/29</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.61 (0.25 to 1.49)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Constipation (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom) (follow-up mean 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/29</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.36 (0.13 to 1)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diarrhoea (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom) (follow-up mean 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/29</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.49 (0.21 to 1.14)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Per rectum bleeding (likelihood of daily frequency of symptom) (follow-up mean 3 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/29</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">0%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.3 (0.07 to 1.29)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Acute diverticulitis (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>1/55</p>
|
|
<p>(1.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">12%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">RR 0.15 (0.02 to 1.22)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">102 fewer per 1000 (from 118 fewer to 26 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Perforation (follow-up mean 12 months)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/55</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">2%</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 0.12 (0 to 6.2)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18 fewer per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 104 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab13_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab13_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab13_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab14"><div id="ch4.appf.tab14" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 45</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Symbiotic (2 sachets) compared to Symbiotic (1 sachet) for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab14/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab14_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Symbiotic (high dose)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Symbiotic (low dose)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pain (follow-up mean 6 months; range of scores: 0–10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.3 lower (2.52 to 0.08 lower)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Bloating (follow-up mean 6 months; range of scores: 0–10; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.5 lower (2.03 lower to 1.03 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab14_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab14_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab14_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab15"><div id="ch4.appf.tab15" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 46</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Laxatives compared to placebo for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab15/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab15_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Laxatives</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Symptoms score (follow-up mean 3 months; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.7 lower (9.29 lower to 1.89 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab15_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab15_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab15_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appftab16"><div id="ch4.appf.tab16" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 47</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile: Laxatives compared to high fibre diet for diverticular disease</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appf.tab16/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appf.tab16_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Laxatives</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Placebo</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pain on bowel movement (frequency) (follow-up mean 12 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.75 lower (2.08 lower to 0.58 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pain on bowel movement (severity) (follow-up mean 12 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.3 lower (3.93 lower to 1.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Abdominal pain (frequency) (follow-up mean 12 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 lower (2.8 lower to 0.8 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Abdominal pain (severity) (follow-up mean 12 weeks; Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_1 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_2 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_3 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_6 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_1 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_7 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_8 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_2 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_9 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_10 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_3 hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_2_11 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.8 lower (3.5 lower to 1.9 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_4 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_1_5 hd_b_ch4.appf.tab16_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab16_1"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="ch4.appf.tab16_2"><p class="no_margin">Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobch4appgfig1"><div id="ch4.appg.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%2042.%20Flow%20chart%20of%20health%20economic%20study%20selection%20for%20the%20guideline.&p=BOOKS&id=558081_ch4appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK558081/bin/ch4appgf1.jpg" alt="Figure 42. Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 42</span><span class="title">Flow chart of health economic study selection for the guideline</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>* Non-relevant population, intervention, comparison, design or setting; non-English language</p><p>3.4 Non-surgical treatment of acute diverticulitis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er8/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review H</a>)</p><p>3.6.1 Timing of surgery (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er10/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review J</a>)</p><p>3.6.2 Laparoscopic versus open resection (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er11/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review K</a>)</p><p>3.6.4 Primary versus secondary anastomosis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er13/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review M</a>)</p><p>3.8 Laparoscopic lavage versus resection for perforated diverticulitis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er15/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review O</a>)</p><p>3.9 Management of recurrent diverticulitis (<a href="/books/n/niceng147er16/?report=reader" class="toc-item">Evidence review P</a>)</p></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4apphtab1"><div id="ch4.apph.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 48</span><span class="title">Studies excluded from the clinical review</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.apph.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.apph.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Exclusion reason</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Barbara 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref2" rid="ch4.ref2"><sup>2</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Brandimarte 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref3" rid="ch4.ref3"><sup>3</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No comparison group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Brodribb 1976<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref5" rid="ch4.ref5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Observational study. Evidence already attained through RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Campbell 1991<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref6" rid="ch4.ref6"><sup>6</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inappropriate comparison</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Carabotti 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref7" rid="ch4.ref7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Carter 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref8" rid="ch4.ref8"><sup>8</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Protocol only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cianci 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref9" rid="ch4.ref9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No relevant outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Cuomo 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref12" rid="ch4.ref12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">D’incà 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref13" rid="ch4.ref13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Crossover study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Eastwood 1978<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref14" rid="ch4.ref14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design – case-control study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Freckelton 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref15" rid="ch4.ref15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Fric 2003<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref16" rid="ch4.ref16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gatta 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref18" rid="ch4.ref18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gatta 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref17" rid="ch4.ref17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Observational study. Evidence already attained through RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Heaton 1981<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref19" rid="ch4.ref19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design – literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Hyland 1980<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref21" rid="ch4.ref21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No comparison group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Kruis 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref22" rid="ch4.ref22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design – literature review/guideline</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lahner 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref25" rid="ch4.ref25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Lamiki 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref27" rid="ch4.ref27"><sup>27</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No relevant outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Leahy 1985<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref29" rid="ch4.ref29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Maconi 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref30" rid="ch4.ref30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Makola 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref31" rid="ch4.ref31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design – literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Moniuszko 2017<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref33" rid="ch4.ref33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No comparison group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ornstein 1981<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref35" rid="ch4.ref35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Crossover study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Picchio 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref38" rid="ch4.ref38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: methods are not adequate/unclear</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Pistoia 2004<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref39" rid="ch4.ref39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No comparison group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Rocco 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref40" rid="ch4.ref40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Schug-pass 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref41" rid="ch4.ref41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Smith 1981<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref42" rid="ch4.ref42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect interventions</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Sopena 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref44" rid="ch4.ref44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design – literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Stallinger 2014<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref45" rid="ch4.ref45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No comparison group</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Strate 2009<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref46" rid="ch4.ref46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Suchowiecky 1987<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref47" rid="ch4.ref47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Crossover study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Talbot 1981<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref48" rid="ch4.ref48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design – review/editorial (summary of technical report)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tarleton 2011<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref49" rid="ch4.ref49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Literature review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tarpila 1978<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref50" rid="ch4.ref50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No relevant outcome</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Taylor 1976<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref51" rid="ch4.ref51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Crossover study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Trespi 1997<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref53" rid="ch4.ref53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Trespi 1999<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref52" rid="ch4.ref52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tursi 2007<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref57" rid="ch4.ref57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Not review population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tursi 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref58" rid="ch4.ref58"><sup>58</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design – case-control study</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tursi 2008<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref55" rid="ch4.ref55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">No relevant outcomes</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tursi 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref54" rid="ch4.ref54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Commentary - insufficient information reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tursi 2013<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref59" rid="ch4.ref59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Observational study. Evidence already attained through RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Tursi 2016<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref60" rid="ch4.ref60"><sup>60</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Unlu 2012<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref61" rid="ch4.ref61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Systematic review: studies already included in review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Zullo 2010<a class="bibr" href="#ch4.ref62" rid="ch4.ref62"><sup>62</sup></a></td><td headers="hd_h_ch4.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Incorrect study design – literature review</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobch4appitab1"><div id="ch4.appi.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 49</span><span class="title">Criteria for selecting high-priority research recommendations</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK558081/table/ch4.appi.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ch4.appi.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PICO question</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Adults (>18 years) with symptoms suggestive of Diverticular disease (intermittent abdominal pain and tenderness in left lower quadrant, often triggered by eating and relieved by defecation associated with changes in bowel habit), with confirmed findings of Diverticulae on either luminal endoscopy or imaging e.g. CT scan.</p>
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<p>
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<b>Intervention / Comparison:</b>
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</p>
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<p>
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<b>1.</b>
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</p>
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<p>Use of bulk-forming laxatives e.g. Ispaghula Husk (Fybogel), Methylcollulose (Celevac) or Sterculia (Normacol) in addition to guidance on an healthy, balanced diet</p>
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<p>vs.</p>
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<p>Guidance on an healthy balanced diet including whole grains, fruit and vegetables only</p>
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<p>
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<b>2.</b>
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</p>
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<p>Regular Use of Antispasmodics e.g. Mebeverine or Hyoscine Bu-tylbromide, in addition to simple analgesia i.e. Paracetamol</p>
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<p>Vs.</p>
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<p>Simple Analgesia i.e. Paracetamol only</p>
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<p>
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<b>3.</b>
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</p>
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<p>Use of Probiotics/Prebiotics</p>
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<p>vs</p>
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<p>Placebo</p>
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<p><b>Outcomes:</b>
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<ul id="ch4.l38"><li id="ch4.lt112" class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of Life (QoL) scores</div></li><li id="ch4.lt113" class="half_rhythm"><div>Pain scores</div></li><li id="ch4.lt114" class="half_rhythm"><div>Frequency of GP appointments and hospitalisation</div></li><li id="ch4.lt115" class="half_rhythm"><div>Rate of future development of Acute Diverticulitis</div></li></ul></p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance to patients or the population</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">If a particular strategy can be identified that is most clinically and cost effective, it could increase the number of people treated with confidence in primary care and reduce the rate of specialist referral.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to NICE guidance</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There is current uncertainty and lack of evidence about optimal medical management of symptomatic Diverticular disease.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Relevance to the NHS</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Research in this area will inform NICE recommendations around conservative management</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Current evidence base</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The committee did not consider that the available evidence was of sufficient quality or quantity to be able to make a clear recommendation for any intervention in the management of diverticular disease</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Equality</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_6_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Patients of Asian origin may develop right sided Diverticular disease and so present differently e.g. right sided abdominal pain</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Large well conducted placebo controlled RCT’s</p>
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<p>If RCT not possible, then a non-randomised cohort study with adequate adjustment for key confounders including a pre-existing diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, age, ethnicity, co-morbidities and some measure of baseline health e.g. Quality of Life.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_8_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>There is a potentially large population of patients with this condition who could be recruited to a trial in primary care.</p>
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<p>Some patients may require further investigation at the time of recruitment/onset of the trial to exclude Acute Diverticulitis such as FBC and CRP blood tests.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other comments</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Symptoms of Diverticular disease can overlap with other medical conditions e.g. co-existent Irritable Bowel Syndrome, which presents a risk of confounding.</td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Importance</th><td headers="hd_b_ch4.appi.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Medium</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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