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class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK556907_"><span itemprop="name">Imaging techniques to diagnose abdominal aortic aneurysms</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Abdominal aortic aneurysm: diagnosis and management</div><p><b>Evidence review B</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 156</i></p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2020 Mar</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3452-2</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1"><h2 id="_niceng156er2_s1_">Imaging techniques to diagnose abdominal aortic aneurysms</h2><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1"><h3>Review questions</h3><p>Which imaging techniques are the most useful in confirming the presence and size of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</p><p>What imaging techniques are most accurate in confirming the presence of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm?</p><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>These review questions aim to determine:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>which imaging technique is most accurate in providing a definitive diagnosis of unruptured or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>which imaging technique is most accurate in determining the size of unruptured AAA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>which imaging techniques are most acceptable to patients and clinicians, taking into account the safety profiles of the approaches</div></li></ul></p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.2"><h4>PICO tables</h4></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.3"><h4>Methods and process</h4><p>This evidence review was developed using the methods and process described in <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>. Methods specific to this review question are described in the review protocol in <a href="#niceng156er2.appa">Appendix A</a>.</p><p>Declarations of interest were recorded according to NICE’s 2014 conflicts of interest policy.</p><p>A broad search strategy was used to pull in all studies that examine the diagnosis, surveillance or monitoring of AAAs. This was a ‘bulk’ search that covered multiple review questions.</p><p>The reviewer sifted the database to identify all studies that assessed the accuracy, safety and acceptability of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of AAAs, including asymptomatic aneurysms, symptomatic unruptured aneurysms, and ruptured aneurysms. Cross-sectional studies comparing index tests with reference standards outlined in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab1">table 1</a> and <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab2">2</a>, above, were included. Detailed criteria are outlined in the review protocol which can be found in <a href="#niceng156er2.appa">Appendix A</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2tab1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. Inclusion criteria for review question 2: techniques for confirming the presence and size of an AAA." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Inclusion criteria for review question 2: techniques for confirming the presence and size of an AAA. </p></div></div><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2tab2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Inclusion criteria for review question 18: techniques for confirming the presence of ruptured AAA." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Inclusion criteria for review question 18: techniques for confirming the presence of ruptured AAA. </p></div></div><p>Studies were excluded if:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>they were not in English;</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>they were not full reports of the study (for example, published only as an abstract);</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>they were not peer-reviewed;</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>they were published before the year 2000 (imaging techniques were of lower quality before this time and therefore not considered relevant to current practice);</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>data reported for diagnostic test accuracy did not allow the calculation of both sensitivity and specificity.</div></li></ul></p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.4"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.4.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>From a database of 12,786 abstracts, 205 were identified as being potentially relevant. Following full-text review of these articles, 1 systematic review (including 6 studies) and 10 primary studies met the inclusion criteria for the review question related to imaging of unruptured AAA. No relevant evidence was identified for review question related to confirmatory imaging of ruptured AAA.</p><p>An update search was conducted in December 2017, to identify any relevant studies published during guideline development. The search found 2,598 abstracts; of which 1 was considered potentially relevant. Upon review of the full manuscript, the study was not considered relevant to either review question. As a result no additional studies were included.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.4.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>The list of papers excluded at full-text review, with reasons, is given in <a href="#niceng156er2.apph">Appendix H</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.5"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.5.1"><h5>Diagnosing unruptured AAAs</h5><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.5.1.1"><h5>Systematic review</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2tab3"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2tab3" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab3">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Study design: systematic review of cross-sectional studies Location: USA</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.5.1.2"><h5>Cross-sectional studies not included in the systematic review</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2tab4"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2tab4" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab4">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Study design: cross-sectional study Location: UK</p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng156er2.appd">Appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.5.2"><h5>Measuring diameters of unruptured AAAs</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2tab5"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2tab5" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2tab5">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Study design: cross-sectional study Location: Denmark</p></div></div><p>See <a href="#niceng156er2.appd">Appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.5.3"><h5>Diagnosis of ruptured AAAs</h5><p>No relevant studies were identified.</p></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.6"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>See <a href="#niceng156er2.appf">Appendix F</a> for full GRADE tables, highlighting the quality of evidence from the included studies.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.7"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.7.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>A literature search was conducted jointly for all review questions in this guideline by applying standard health economic filters to a clinical search for AAA. This search returned a total of 5,173 citations. Following review of titles and abstracts for these review questions, 1 full text was retrieved for detailed consideration; however this was not retained. Therefore no relevant economic evidence was identified for these review questions. Original economic modelling was not prioritised for these review questions.</p><p>An update search was conducted in December 2017, to identify any relevant health economic analyses published during guideline development. The search found 814 abstracts; none of which were considered relevant to this review question. As a result no additional studies were included.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.7.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>The list of papers excluded at full-text review, with reasons, is given in <a href="#niceng156er2.apph">Appendix H</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.8"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>Health economic modelling was not prioritised for this review question and, therefore no model was developed for it.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.9"><h4>Evidence statements</h4><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.9.1"><h5>Ultrasound for diagnosing unruptured AAAs</h5><p>Low-quality evidence from 8 cross-sectional studies, including 850 people with or without symptoms of AAA, highlighted that a positive finding on ultrasound increases the probability that an AAA is present (based on positive likelihood ratio) to a degree that is likely to be very large. Conversely low-quality evidence from the same studies highlighted that a negative finding on ultrasound decreases the probability that an AAA is present (based on negative likelihood ratio) to a degree that is likely to be very large</p><p>Low-quality evidence from 7 cross-sectional studies, including 704 people with symptoms of AAA, highlighted that a positive finding on ultrasound increases the probability that an AAA is present (based on positive likelihood ratio) to a degree that is likely to be very large. Low-quality evidence from the same studies highlighted that a negative finding on ultrasound decreases the probability that an AAA is present (based on negative likelihood ratio) to a degree that is likely to be very large.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.9.2"><h5>Ultrasound for measuring the size of unruptured AAAs</h5><p>Very low-quality evidence from 11 evaluations, containing 1,060 paired images from people with a suspected AAA, showed ultrasound to generally underestimate aneurysm diameter relative to CT, though the data could not be pooled in a meta-analysis. The 95% limits of agreement between ultrasound and CT tended to be wide and varied, with upper and lower limits often falling outside a range of clinically acceptable error specified by the NHS AAA Screening Programme (−0.5 to 0.5 cm).</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.9.3"><h5>MRI for measuring the size of unruptured AAAs</h5><p>Low-quality evidence from 1 evaluation, containing 91 paired images from people with a suspected AAA, was inconclusive about the degree of variation between aneurysm diameters measured by MRI and CT.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.9.4"><h5>Diagnosis of ruptured AAAs</h5><p>No relevant evidence was identified for the diagnosis of ruptured AAAs.</p></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The guideline committee discussed the relative importance of a variety of outcomes and agreed that the following would be most useful to their decision-making:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diagnostic accuracy for the detection of AAAs. In particular, the negative likelihood ratio was considered the most important of the accuracy measures as the consequences of missing a case were described as potentially severe.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Inter-technique variation in the maximum anteroposterior diameter of the abdominal aorta.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Acceptability of approach to patients and clinicians.</div></li></ul></p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.1.2.1"><h5>Diagnosing and measuring the size of unruptured AAAs</h5><p>The majority of evidence came from studies which assessed the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, and only 1 low-quality study was found evaluating the accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography. Since little evidence was found on magnetic resonance angiography, and it is not routinely used to measure the size and shape of AAA, the committee agreed to focus their discussions on ultrasound. Reporting in many of the ultrasound studies was poor: details of study designs were often unclear, with use of blinding, avoidance of inappropriate exclusions, and intervals between index tests and reference standards not consistently reported. The committee noted that the diagnostic test accuracy data were almost exclusively obtained from bedside FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) ultrasound scans of people who presented at emergency departments with symptoms indicative of AAA presence. They also recognised that the people who performed the scans in included studies may not have been representative of a typical emergency department, where there is wide variation in the experience of staff using ultrasound machines. With this in mind, the committee considered that the evidence had limited applicability to people without symptoms of AAA who may receive other forms of ultrasound in other settings. They agreed that the type of ultrasound used to detect AAA in people without symptoms should be based on clinical judgment and availability of ultrasound equipment.</p><p>The committee noted that there were different reference standards used across included studies. They agreed that CT is currently the best imaging modality for obtaining a definitive diagnosis of unruptured AAA but also recognised that it is not 100% accurate. The committee agreed to downgrade the quality of the overall pooled evidence because CT was not used as a reference standard in some studies. However, they noted that sensitivity analysis of studies that only used CT as a reference standard demonstrated similarly large effect sizes to those of the overall pooled analysis.</p><p>It was not possible to pool data on inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter measurements because of the way data were reported. The committee considered that the lack of a summary estimate and associated confidence interval for this type of outcome made interpretation of the data challenging. There was some variation in the mean differences reported and 95% limits of agreement were often wide and varied. The committee noted that the NHS AAA Screening Programme had specified a clinically acceptable range of error between -0.5 cm and 0.5 cm, and agreed that this was an appropriate threshold for assessing imprecision. Upon using this threshold, the committee noted that the data on inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter measurements between ultrasound and CT appeared to highlight a moderate degree of imprecision. The committee were not too concerned about this as they were aware that people undergoing elective AAA repair will usually receive some form of CT imaging to confirm the size, position and shape of their aneurysms before AAA repair. With this in mind, the committee reached a consensus to recommend preoperative contrast-enhanced arterial-phase CT angiography of aneurysms that have been identified as reaching the threshold for surgical repair (>5.5 cm) by ultrasound. This is widely accepted as best practice.</p><p>The committee noted variations in measurement planes and parameters (‘from where to where’) used across included studies. In their experience there is no preferred approach from a surgical perspective; however, the inner edge has a clearer line from which to measure, suggesting that measurement from the inner to inner edge may be more reproducible. In the absence of any evidence to make a recommendation, the committee agreed that the potential for reproducibility supported a recommendation for setting the anterior-posterior inner-to-inner diameter as the standard measurement parameter. They noted that this reflects the current practice of the NHS AAA Screening Programme.</p><p>In the absence of evidence on patient or clinician acceptability, the committee agreed that, in their experience, ultrasound and preoperative CT angiography were widely accepted by clinicians. They considered that the minimally invasive nature of the imaging techniques would also make them appealing patients.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.1.2.2"><h5>Diagnosing ruptured AAAs</h5><p>No evidence was identified relating to diagnostic imaging of people with suspected ruptured AAA. As a result, the committee extrapolated data from people with symptomatic unruptured AAA and drafted consensus recommendations based on their skills and experience (refer to the benefits and harms section below).</p></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.1.3.1"><h5>Diagnosing and measuring the size of unruptured AAAs</h5><p>In the absence of evidence on ultrasound in people without symptoms of AAA, the committee considered it appropriate to extrapolate from data obtained from people with symptomatic aneurysms. The diagnostic accuracy effect sizes in this high-risk group were large enough for the committee to conclude that ultrasound was safe to use in asymptomatic patients, who have a lower risk of aneurysm-related morbidity or mortality. Although ultrasound consistently underestimated aneurysm diameter compared with CT, the committee agreed that it was not enough to preclude a recommendation of ultrasound in this lower-risk group.</p><p>Although studies highlighted a trend towards larger measurement errors with increasing aneurysm size, the committee did not believe that the data were consistent enough to lead to different diagnostic strategies based on AAA diameter. The committee recognised that the risk of rupture varies according to AAA size, with increasing diameters associated with increasing risk of rupture. For this reason, they recommended that people who have been identified as having AAAs 5.5 cm in diameter or larger should be seen by a regional vascular service within two weeks. They agreed that a longer referral time would be acceptable for people with smaller aneurysms to reflect the lower risk of rupture in this population. The committee noted that within the NHS AAA screening programme it is expected that people identified as having aneurysms less than 5.5 cm in diameter are seen by a vascular nurse within 12 weeks (3 months) of diagnosis to receive some clinical input. As some people are not routinely monitored within the screening programme (for example, woman), the committee thought that it would be useful to specify this timeframe in the recommendations.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.1.3.2"><h5>Diagnosing ruptured AAAs</h5><p>The committee agreed that the data relating to symptomatic aneurysms had some applicability to people with ruptured aneurysms. The majority of studies assessed bedside FAST ultrasound, which is often used in emergency settings, and can be performed simultaneously with resuscitative efforts. The speed at which bedside FAST ultrasound can be performed, combined with its availability and utility in emergency settings, led the committee to recommend the technique for assessing people with suspected symptomatic or ruptured AAA.</p><p>Although FAST ultrasound was shown to have a high sensitivity and specificity, the committee agreed that a negative ultrasound result from a person with symptoms suggestive of AAA may not always be sufficient to conclude that that a patient does not need further assessment or treatment. The committee’s cautiousness was driven by the data on inter-technique variation which showed that ultrasound tended to underestimate aneurysm diameters. Since the committee were mindful of the potential for harm posed by a false-negative result, they recommended that clinicians should immediately contact a regional vascular service if a clinical suspicion of symptomatic or ruptured AAA remains in the absence of ultrasound confirmation of AAA presence.</p><p>The committee discussed whether CT could be recommended for diagnosing symptomatic or ruptured AAA. They acknowledged that, although it is the best imaging technique, recommending a CT scan for all patients who are symptomatic (whether as the sole test or as a subsequent test to the FAST ultrasound) was not considered safe as it may unnecessarily delay the transfer of patients to the regional vascular service for treatment. Furthermore, performing a CT scan in all patients would also incur considerable costs.</p><p>Therefore, the decision whether to perform CT scan after an initial ultrasound or to immediately transfer a patient should be made under the guidance of a regional vascular service.</p><p>The committee also discussed the role of CT angiography in patients who have been transferred to a regional vascular service, and are being considered for emergency repair. They expressed the view that it would be bad practice to undertake emergency EVAR without performing CT angiography. However, they also acknowledged that, where a patient’s condition is critically unstable, a vascular specialist may need to rely on a strong clinical diagnosis coupled with ultrasound imaging to inform their decision to attempt open surgical repair. Therefore, the committee agreed it would be unsafe to recommend that CT should always be undertaken and, instead, agreed that it should be considered in each case.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.2.1"><h5>Diagnosis and measuring the size of unruptured AAAs</h5><p>No cost-effectiveness evidence was identified for this review, and it was not prioritised for economic modelling. The committee agreed that recommending ultrasound for unruptured (symptomatic or asymptomatic) or ruptured AAAs would have a little impact on resources since it is already widely used in practice.</p><p>The committee considered that it was not feasible to perform CT scans on every person with an AAA because such an approach would have a considerable impact on costs and resources. They agreed that the risks associated with surgical repair and the potential usefulness of preoperative CT scans to aid in decision-making would justify this approach in people with AAAs identified as being 5.5 cm or larger by ultrasound. Since this is already current practice, the recommendation will not have a significant resource impact.</p></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.s1.1.10.3"><h5>Other factors the committee took into account</h5><p>In the absence of studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound according sex, the committee had no reason to believe that different imaging strategies should be adopted for men and women. As a result, no sex-specific recommendations were drafted.</p></div></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng156er2.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><div id="niceng156er2.appa.s1"><h4>Review protocol for review question 2: Which imaging techniques are the most useful in confirming the presence and size of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2appatab1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2appatab1" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appatab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appatab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">To determine which imaging technique is most accurate in providing a definitive diagnosis of an unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, including measurement of its size To determine which imaging techniques are most acceptable to patients and clinicians, <a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appatab1">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appa.s2"><h4>Review protocol for review question 18: What imaging techniques are most accurate in confirming the presence of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm?</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2appatab2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2appatab2" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appatab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.appa.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appatab2">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">To determine which imaging technique is most accurate in providing a definitive diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm To determine which imaging techniques are most acceptable to patients and clinicians, taking into account the safety profiles <a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appatab2">(more...)</a></p></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="niceng156er2.appb.s1"><h4>Clinical search literature search strategy</h4><div id="niceng156er2.appb.s1.1"><h5>Main searches</h5><p>Bibliographic databases searched for the guideline</p><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature - CINAHL (EBSCO)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews – CDSR (Wiley)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials – CENTRAL (Wiley)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects – DARE (Wiley)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Health Technology Assessment Database – HTA (Wiley)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>EMBASE (Ovid)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MEDLINE (Ovid)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print (Ovid)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MEDLINE In-Process (Ovid)</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng156er2.appb.s1.2"><h5>Identification of evidence for review questions</h5><p>The searches were conducted between November 2015 and October 2017 for 31 review questions (RQ). In collaboration with Cochrane, the evidence for several review questions was identified by an update of an existing Cochrane review. Review questions in this category are indicated below. Where review questions had a broader scope, supplement searches were undertaken by NICE.</p><p>Searches were re-run in December 2017.</p><p>Where appropriate, study design filters (either designed in-house or by McMaster) were used to limit the retrieval to, for example, randomised controlled trials. Details of the study design filters used can be found in section 4.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.appb.s1.3"><h5>Search strategy review questions 2 and 18</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2appbtab1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2appbtab1" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appbtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appb.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appb.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appbtab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Medline Strategy, searched 13th April 2016 Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to March Week 5 2016</p></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appb.s2"><h4>Health Economics literature search strategy</h4><div id="niceng156er2.appb.s2.1"><h5>Sources searched to identify economic evaluations</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>NHS Economic Evaluation Database – NHS EED (Wiley) last updated Dec 2014</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Health Technology Assessment Database – HTA (Wiley) last updated Oct 2016</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Embase (Ovid)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MEDLINE (Ovid)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MEDLINE In-Process (Ovid)</div></li></ul><p>Search filters to retrieve economic evaluations and quality of life papers were appended to the population and intervention terms to identify relevant evidence. Searches were not undertaken for qualitative RQs. For social care topic questions additional terms were added. Searches were re-run in September 2017 where the filters were added to the population terms.</p></div><div id="niceng156er2.appb.s2.2"><h5>Health economics search strategy</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2appbtab2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2appbtab2" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appbtab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appb.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appb.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appbtab2">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence study selection</h3><div id="niceng156er2.appc.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appcf1&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appcf1.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appcf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="niceng156er2.appd.s1"><h4>Diagnosing unruptured AAA</h4><div id="niceng156er2.appd.s1.1"><h5>Systematic review</h5><p id="niceng156er2.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (672K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng156er2.appd.s1.2"><h5>Cross-sectional studies not included in the systematic review</h5><p id="niceng156er2.appd.et2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2-appd-et2.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (676K)</span></p></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appd.s2"><h4>Measuring diameters of unruptured AAA</h4><p id="niceng156er2.appd.et3"><a href="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2-appd-et3.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Download PDF</a><span class="small"> (609K)</span></p></div><div id="niceng156er2.appd.s3"><h4>Diagnosis of unruptured AAAs</h4><p>No relevant studies were identified.</p></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="niceng156er2.appe.s1"><h4>Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for identifying unruptured AAA in people with or without symptoms</h4><p>Note: Multiple reference standards were used; including CT, MR imaging, aortography, emergency department ultrasound reviewed by a radiologist, an official ultrasound performed by a radiologist, exploratory laparotomy, and autopsy results.</p><div id="niceng156er2.appe.s1.1"><h5>Sensitivity</h5><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef1&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef1.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appe.s1.2"><h5>Specificity</h5><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef2&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef2.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appe.s1.3"><h5>Positive likelihood ratio</h5><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef3&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef3.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appe.s1.4"><h5>Negative likelihood ratio</h5><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef4&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef4.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef4" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appe.s2"><h4>Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for identifying unruptured AAA in people with symptoms</h4><p>Note: Multiple reference standards were used; including CT, MR imaging, aortography, emergency department ultrasound reviewed by a radiologist, an official ultrasound performed by a radiologist, exploratory laparotomy, and autopsy results.</p><div id="niceng156er2.appe.s2.1"><h5>Sensitivity</h5><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef5&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef5.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef5" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appe.s2.2"><h5>Specificity</h5><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig6" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef6&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef6.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef6" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appe.s2.3"><h5>Positive likelihood ratio</h5><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig7" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef7&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef7.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef7" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appe.s2.4"><h5>Negative likelihood ratio</h5><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig8" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef8&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef8.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef8" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="niceng156er2.appf.s1"><h4>Ultrasound for diagnosing and measuring diameters of unruptured AAAs</h4><div id="niceng156er2.appf.s1.1"><h5>Diagnostic accuracy</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2appftab1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2appftab1" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appftab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appftab1">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">96% (92%, 97%)</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appf.s1.2"><h5>Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2appftab2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2appftab2" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appftab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.appf.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appftab2">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Range of MDs -0.95 to 0.09 cm 95% LOA:</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appf.s1.3"><h5>Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter accounting for ‘from where to where’ the measurements were taken</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2appftab3"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2appftab3" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appftab3"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab3/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab3/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.appf.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appftab3">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">MD -0.5 cm 95% LOA -1.32 to 0.32 cm</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appf.s1.4"><h5>Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter accounting for size of the aneurysm</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2appftab4"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2appftab4" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appftab4"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab4/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab4/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appftab4">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin"><5.0 cm n=29</p></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appf.s2"><h4>Magnetic resonance angiography for measuring diameters of unruptured AAAs</h4><div id="niceng156er2.appf.s2.1"><h5>Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter</h5><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2appftab5"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2appftab5" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appftab5"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab5/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab5/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.appf.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2appftab5">Table</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">MD 0.18 cm; 95%CI 0.13 to 0.23 cm</p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="niceng156er2.appg.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appgf1&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appgf1.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appgf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng156er2.apph.s1"><h4>Clinical studies</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2apphtab1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.apph.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2apphtab1" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2apphtab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.apph.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.apph.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.apph.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.apph.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2apphtab1">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.apph.s2"><h4>Economic studies</h4><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng156er2apphtab2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.apph.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng156er2apphtab2" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2apphtab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.apph.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.apph.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng156er2.apph.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.apph.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng156er2apphtab2">Table</a></h4></div></div></div></div><div id="niceng156er2.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Glossary</h3><dl><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI1">Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)</dt><dd><p>A localised bulge in the abdominal aorta (the major blood vessel that supplies blood to the lower half of the body including the abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs) caused by weakening of the aortic wall. It is defined as an aortic diameter greater than 3 cm or a diameter more than 50% larger than the normal width of a healthy aorta. The clinical relevance of AAA is that the condition may lead to a life threatening rupture of the affected artery. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are generally characterised by their shape, size and cause:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infrarenal AAA: an aneurysm located in the lower segment of the abdominal aorta below the kidneys.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Juxtarenal AAA: a type of infrarenal aneurysm that extends to, and sometimes, includes the lower margin of renal artery origins.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Suprarenal AAA: an aneurysm involving the aorta below the diaphragm and above the renal arteries involving some or all of the visceral aortic segment and hence the origins of the renal, superior mesenteric, and celiac arteries, it may extend down to the aortic bifurcation.</div></li></ul></p></dd><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI2">Abdominal compartment syndrome</dt><dd><p>Abdominal compartment syndrome occurs when the pressure within the abdominal cavity increases above 20 mm Hg (intra-abdominal hypertension). In the context of a ruptured AAA this is due to the mass effect of a volume of blood within or behind the abdominal cavity. The increased abdominal pressure reduces blood flow to abdominal organs and impairs pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, and gastro-intestinal function. This can cause multiple organ dysfunction and eventually lead to death.</p></dd><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI3">Cardiopulmonary exercise testing</dt><dd><p>Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET, sometimes also called CPX testing) is a non-invasive approach used to assess how the body performs before and during exercise. During CPET, the patient performs exercise on a stationary bicycle while breathing through a mouthpiece. Each breath is measured to assess the performance of the lungs and cardiovascular system. A heart tracing device (Electrocardiogram) will also record the hearts electrical activity before, during and after exercise.</p></dd><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI4">Device migration</dt><dd><p>Migration can occur after device implantation when there is any movement or displacement of a stent-graft from its original position relative to the aorta or renal arteries. The risk of migration increases with time and can result in the loss of device fixation. Device migration may not need further treatment but should be monitored as it can lead to complications such as aneurysm rupture or endoleak.</p></dd><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI5">Endoleak</dt><dd><p>An endoleak is the persistence of blood flow outside an endovascular stent - graft but within the aneurysm sac in which the graft is placed.
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type I – Perigraft (at the proximal or distal seal zones): This form of endoleak is caused by blood flowing into the aneurysm because of an incomplete or ineffective seal at either end of an endograft. The blood flow creates pressure within the sac and significantly increases the risk of sac enlargement and rupture. As a result, Type I endoleaks typically require urgent attention.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type II – Retrograde or collateral (mesenteric, lumbar, renal accessory): These endoleaks are the most common type of endoleak. They occur when blood bleeds into the sac from small side branches of the aorta. They are generally considered benign because they are usually at low pressure and tend to resolve spontaneously over time without any need for intervention. Treatment of the endoleak is indicated if the aneurysm sac continues to expand.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type III – Midgraft (fabric tear, graft dislocation, graft disintegration): These endoleaks occur when blood flows into the aneurysm sac through defects in the endograft (such as graft fractures, misaligned graft joints and holes in the graft fabric). Similarly to Type I endoleak, a Type III endoleak results in systemic blood pressure within the aneurysm sac that increases the risk of rupture. Therefore, Type III endoleaks typically require urgent attention.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type IV– Graft porosity: These endoleaks often occur soon after AAA repair and are associated with the porosity of certain graft materials. They are caused by blood flowing through the graft fabric into the aneurysm sac. They do not usually require treatment and tend to resolve within a few days of graft placement.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Type V – Endotension: A Type V endoleak is a phenomenon in which there is continued sac expansion without radiographic evidence of a leak site. It is a poorly understood abnormality. One theory that it is caused by pulsation of the graft wall, with transmission of the pulse wave through the aneurysm sac to the native aneurysm wall. Alternatively it may be due to intermittent leaks which are not apparent at imaging. It can be difficult to identify and treat any cause.</div></li></ul></p></dd><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI6">Endovascular aneurysm repair</dt><dd><p>Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a technique that involves placing a stent –graft prosthesis within an aneurysm. The stent-graft is inserted through a small incision in the femoral artery in the groin, then delivered to the site of the aneurysm using catheters and guidewires and placed in position under X-ray guidance.
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Conventional EVAR refers to placement of an endovascular stent graft in an AAA where the anatomy of the aneurysm is such that the ‘instructions for use’ of that particular device are adhered to. Instructions for use define tolerances for AAA anatomy that the device manufacturer considers appropriate for that device. Common limitations on AAA anatomy are infrarenal neck length (usually >10mm), diameter (usually ≤30mm) and neck angle relative to the main body of the AAA</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complex EVAR refers to a number of endovascular strategies that have been developed to address the challenges of aortic proximal neck fixation associated with complicated aneurysm anatomies like those seen in juxtarenal and suprarenal AAAs. These strategies include using conventional infrarenal aortic stent grafts outside their ‘instructions for use’, using physician-modified endografts, utilisation of customised fenestrated endografts, and employing snorkel or chimney approaches with parallel covered stents.</div></li></ul></p></dd><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI7">Goal directed therapy</dt><dd><p>Goal directed therapy refers to a method of fluid administration that relies on minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring to tailor fluid administration to a maximal cardiac output or other reliable markers of cardiac function such as stroke volume variation or pulse pressure variation.</p></dd><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI8">Post processing technique</dt><dd><p>For the purpose of this review, a post-processing technique refers to a software package that is used to augment imaging obtained from CT scans, (which are conventionally presented as axial images), to provide additional 2- or 3-dimensional imaging and data relating to an aneurysm’s, size, position and anatomy.</p></dd><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI9">Permissive hypotension</dt><dd><p>Permissive hypotension (also known as hypotensive resuscitation and restrictive volume resuscitation) is a method of fluid administration commonly used in people with haemorrhage after trauma. The basic principle of the technique is to maintain haemostasis (the stopping of blood flow) by keeping a person’s blood pressure within a lower than normal range. In theory, a lower blood pressure means that blood loss will be slower, and more easily controlled by the pressure of internal self-tamponade and clot formation.</p></dd><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI10">Remote ischemic preconditioning</dt><dd><p>Remote ischemic preconditioning is a procedure that aims to reduce damage (ischaemic injury) that may occur from a restriction in the blood supply to tissues during surgery. The technique aims to trigger the body’s natural protective functions. It is sometimes performed before surgery and involves repeated, temporary cessation of blood flow to a limb to create ischemia (lack of oxygen and glucose) in the tissue. In theory, this “conditioning” activates physiological pathways that render the heart muscle resistant to subsequent prolonged periods of ischaemia.</p></dd><dt id="gl1_DL1_DI11">Tranexamic acid</dt><dd><p>Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent (medication that promotes blood clotting) that can be used to prevent, stop or reduce unwanted bleeding. It is often used to reduce the need for blood transfusion in adults having surgery, in trauma and in massive obstetric haemorrhage.</p></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Methods, evidence and recommendations</p><p>This evidence review was developed by the NICE Guideline Updates Team</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer:</b> The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK556907</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32407040" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32407040</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2tab1"><div id="niceng156er2.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Inclusion criteria for review question 2: techniques for confirming the presence and size of an AAA</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;"><p>People with a suspected AAA</p>
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<p>Subgroups: presence of symptoms, by size of aneurysm, women, ethnicity</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index test</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ultrasound (different approaches to measurement: from where to where?)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI angiography</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference standard</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CT (gold-standard) was preferred though other reference standards were considered.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) for the detection of unruptured AAAs</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter (maximum anteroposterior diameter)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Acceptability of approach to patients and clinicians</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Quality of life</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Resource use and cost</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2tab2"><div id="niceng156er2.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Inclusion criteria for review question 18: techniques for confirming the presence of ruptured AAA</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">People with a suspected ruptured AAA</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ultrasound, including ‘focused ultrasound’ (different approaches to measurement: from where to where?)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CT</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>MRI</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference standard</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgical confirmation alone (preferred reference standard)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>CT and/or surgical confirmation (it is likely that this will be considered lower quality – unless CT has 100% agreement with surgical confirmation, in which case it will be pooled in a single analysis with the data that uses surgical confirmation alone as the reference standard – and therefore given lower weight in the decision-making)</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse events</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Acceptability of approach to patients and clinicians</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Resource use and cost</div></li></ul>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2tab3"><div id="niceng156er2.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Details</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Rubano
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E, Mehta
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N, Caputo
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W
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et al. (2013) Systematic review: emergency department bedside ultrasonography for diagnosing suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm (Provisional abstract). Academic Emergency Medicine, 20, pp.128–138 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23406071" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23406071</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study design: systematic review of cross-sectional studies</p>
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<p>Location: USA</p>
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<p>Population: people over 18 years with suspected unruptured AAA</p>
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<p>Sample size: the systematic review included 7 studies (655 patients); however for the purpose of this NICE review only 6 of those studies (including 634 participants) were considered relevant</p>
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<p>Index test: bedside ultrasound performed by emergency physicians</p>
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<p>Reference standard: CT, MR imaging, aortography, ED ultrasound reviewed by radiology, or official ultrasound performed by radiology, exploratory laparotomy, or autopsy results</p>
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<p>Outcomes: diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity)</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2tab4"><div id="niceng156er2.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Details</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Dent
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B, Kendall
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R J, Boyle
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AA
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et al. (2007). Emergency ultrasound of the abdominal aorta by UK emergency physicians: A prospective cohort study. Emergency Medicine Journal, 24, pp.547–549 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2660075/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2660075</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17652674" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17652674</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study design: cross-sectional study</p>
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<p>Location: UK</p>
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<p>Population: people with suspected unruptured AAA</p>
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<p>Sample size: 70 people</p>
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<p>Index test: emergency physician-performed ultrasound</p>
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<p>Reference standard: CT, formal ultrasound, laparotomy, or post-mortem</p>
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<p>Outcomes: diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Vidakovic
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R, Feringa
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HHH, Kuiper
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RJ, et al. (2007). Comparison with computed tomography of two ultrasound devices for diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The American journal of cardiology, 100, pp.1786–91 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18082528" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18082528</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab4_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study design: systematic review</p>
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<p>Location: Netherlands</p>
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<p>Population: people referred for surgical treatment of peripheral arterial disease who were screened for AAA</p>
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<p>Sample size: 146 people</p>
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<p>Index test: ultrasound</p>
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<p>Reference standard: axial CT</p>
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<p>Outcomes: diagnostic test accuracy (sensitivity and specificity)</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2tab5"><div id="niceng156er2.tab5" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Details</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Bredhal
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K, Sandholt
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B, Lonn
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L, et al. (2015) Three-dimensional ultrasound evaluation of small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 49, pp.289–296 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25662155" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25662155</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study design: cross-sectional study</p>
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<p>Location: Denmark</p>
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<p>Population: patients with small native asymptomatic AAA</p>
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<p>Sample size: 122 consecutive ultrasound examinations</p>
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<p>Index test: ultrasound and 3D-ultrasoundd</p>
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<p>Reference standard: CT</p>
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<p>Outcomes: inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter measurements</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Chiu
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K W. H, Ling
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L, Tripathi
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V
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et al. (2014). Ultrasound measurement for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening: A direct comparison of the three leading methods. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 47, pp.367–373 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24491283" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24491283</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study type: cross-sectional study</p>
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<p>Location(s): UK</p>
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<p>Population: people being screened for unruptured AAA Sample size: 50 people</p>
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<p>Index test: ultrasound</p>
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<p>Reference standard: Contrast-enhanced CT</p>
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<p>Outcomes: inter-observer variation in aneurysm diameter measurements</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Gray
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C, Goodman
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P, Badger
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S A
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et al. (2014). Comparison of colour duplex ultrasound with computed tomography to measure the maximum abdominal aortic aneurysmal diameter. International Journal of Vascular Medicine, 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4258918/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4258918</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25506431" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25506431</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study type: cross-sectional study</p>
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<p>Location(s): Ireland</p>
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<p>Population: people being screened for unruptured AAA</p>
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<p>Sample size: 126 people, 130 pairs of tests</p>
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<p>Index test: colour duplex ultrasound</p>
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<p>Reference standard: CT</p>
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<p>Outcomes: inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter measurements</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Manning
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BJ, Kristmundsson
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T, Sonesson
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Bj, et al. (2009). Abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter: a comparison of ultrasound measurements with those from standard and three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction. Journal of vascular surgery, 50, pp.263–8 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19631858" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19631858</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study type: cross-sectional study</p>
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<p>Location(s): Sweden</p>
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<p>Population: people with unruptured AAA</p>
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<p>Sample size: 109 people</p>
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<p>Index test: ultrasound</p>
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<p>Reference standard: spiral CT</p>
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<p>Outcomes: inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter measurements</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sprouse
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LR, Meier
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GH, Lesar
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CJ
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et al. (2003). Comparison of abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter measurements obtained with ultrasound and computed tomography: Is there a difference?
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Journal of vascular surgery, 38, pp.466–2 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12947257" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12947257</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study type: cross-sectional study (retrospective)</p>
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<p>Location(s): USA</p>
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<p>Population: people with unruptured AAA from a national endograft trial</p>
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<p>Sample size: 334 people</p>
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<p>Index test: duplex ultrasound</p>
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<p>Reference standard: CT</p>
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<p>Outcomes: inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter measurements</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sprouse
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LR, Meier
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GH, Parent
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FN, DeMasi
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RJ, Glickman
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MH, and Barber
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GA. (2004). Is ultrasound more accurate than axial computed tomography for determination of maximal abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter?
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European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 28, pp.28–35 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15177228" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15177228</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study type: cross-sectional study</p>
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<p>Location(s): USA</p>
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<p>Population: people presenting with asymptomatic AAA</p>
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<p>Sample size: 38 people</p>
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<p>Index test: duplex ultrasound</p>
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<p>Reference standard: spiral CT</p>
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<p>Outcomes: inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter measurements</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Wanhainen
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A, Bergqvist
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D, and Bjorck
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M. (2002). Measuring the abdominal aorta with ultrasonography and computed tomography - Difference and variability. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 24, pp.428–434 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12435343" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12435343</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study type: cross-sectional study (retrospective)</p>
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<p>Location(s): Sweden</p>
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<p>Population: people being screened for unruptured AAA</p>
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<p>Sample size: 61 patients</p>
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<p>Index test: ultrasound</p>
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<p>Reference standard: CT</p>
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<p>Outcomes: inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter measurements</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Wolf
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F, Plank
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C, Beitzke
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D, et al. (2011). Prospective evaluation of high-resolution MRI using gadofosveset for Stent-Graft planning: Comparison with CT angiography in 30 patients. American Journal of Roentgenology, 197, pp.1251–1257 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22021522" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22021522</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.tab5_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Study design: systematic review Location:</p>
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<p>Population:</p>
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<p>Sample size:</p>
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<p>Index test:</p>
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<p>Reference standard:</p>
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<p>Outcomes:</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2appatab1"><div id="niceng156er2.appa.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Review question 2</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Which imaging techniques are the most useful in confirming the presence and size of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objectives</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>To determine which imaging technique is most accurate in providing a definitive diagnosis of an unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, including measurement of its size</p>
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<p>To determine which imaging techniques are most acceptable to patients and clinicians, taking into account the safety profiles of the approaches</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Language</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Systematic reviews of study designs listed below</p>
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<p>Cross-sectional studies</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Status</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Published papers only (full text)</p>
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<p>No date restrictions</p>
|
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>People with a suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm</p>
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<p>Subgroups: presence of symptoms, by size of aneurysm, women, ethnicity</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index tests</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Ultrasound (different approaches to measurement: from where to where?)</p>
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<p>MRI angiography</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference standard</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>CT</p>
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|
<p>NB: CT was initially noted as the preferred reference standard. However, upon review of the evidence, the committee retrospectively amended the protocol to consider partially applicable evidence that used other reference standards like: ultrasound reviewed by a radiologist, official ultrasound performed by a radiologist, exploratory laparotomy, or autopsy results.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) for the detection of unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms</p>
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<p>Adverse events</p>
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<p>Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter (maximum anteroposterior diameter)</p>
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<p>Acceptability of approach to patients and clinicians</p>
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<p>Quality of life</p>
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<p>Resource use and cost</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other criteria for inclusion / exclusion of studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Exclusion:</p>
|
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<p>Non-English language</p>
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<p>Abstract/non-published</p>
|
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<p>Diagnostic accuracy measures for which both sensitivity and specificity are not available/ cannot be calculated</p>
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<p>Publication before the year 2000</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baseline characteristics to be extracted in evidence tables</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Age</p>
|
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<p>Sex</p>
|
|
<p>Comorbidities</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">To be developed</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review strategies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Appropriate NICE Methodology Checklists, depending on study designs, will be used as a guide to appraise the quality of individual studies.</p>
|
|
<p>Data on all included studies will be extracted into evidence tables. Where statistically possible, a meta-analytic approach will be used to give an overall summary effect.</p>
|
|
<p>All key findings from evidence will be presented in GRADE profiles and further summarised in evidence statements.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Key papers</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None identified.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2appatab2"><div id="niceng156er2.appa.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appa.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.appa.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Review question 18</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">What imaging techniques are most accurate in confirming the presence of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm?</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objectives</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>To determine which imaging technique is most accurate in providing a definitive diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm</p>
|
|
<p>To determine which imaging techniques are most acceptable to patients and clinicians, taking into account the safety profiles of the approaches</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Language</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Systematic reviews of study designs listed below</p>
|
|
<p>Cross-sectional studies</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Status</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Published papers only (full text)</p>
|
|
<p>No date restrictions</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">People with a suspected ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index tests</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Ultrasound, including ‘focused ultrasound’ (different approaches to measurement: from where to where?)</p>
|
|
<p>CT</p>
|
|
<p>MRI</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference standard</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>1. Surgical confirmation alone (preferred evidence)</p>
|
|
<p>or</p>
|
|
<p>2. CT and/or surgical confirmation (it is likely that this will be considered lower quality – unless CT has 100% agreement with surgical confirmation, in which case it will be pooled in a single analysis with the data that uses surgical confirmation alone as the reference standard – and therefore given lower weight in the decision-making)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity)</p>
|
|
<p>Adverse events</p>
|
|
<p>Acceptability of approach to patients and clinicians</p>
|
|
<p>Resource use and cost</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other criteria for inclusion / exclusion of studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Exclusion:</p><p>Non-English language</p>
|
|
<p>Abstract/non-published</p><p>Diagnostic accuracy measures for which both sensitivity and specificity are not available/ cannot be calculated</p><p>Publication before the year 2000</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baseline characteristics to be extracted in evidence tables</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Age</p>
|
|
<p>Sex</p>
|
|
<p>Position of aneurysm</p>
|
|
<p>Comorbidities</p><p>Blood pressure</p><p>Presence of shock</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">See <a href="#niceng156er2.appb">Appendix B</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_3" rowspan="5" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review strategies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Appropriate NICE Methodology Checklists, depending on study designs, will be used as a guide to appraise the quality of individual studies.</p>
|
|
<p>Data on all included studies will be extracted into evidence tables. Where statistically possible, a meta-analytic approach will be used to give an overall summary effect.</p></td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Analysis</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reference standard</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Index tests</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Surgical confirmation alone</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Ultrasound</p>
|
|
<p>CT</p>
|
|
<p>MRI</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CT alone or in combination with surgical confirmation</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Ultrasound</p>
|
|
<p>MRI</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">All key findings from evidence will be presented in GRADE profiles and further summarised in evidence statements</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Key papers</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appa.tab2_1_1_14_3" colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">None identified.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2appbtab1"><div id="niceng156er2.appb.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Medline Strategy, searched 13th April 2016</p>
|
|
<p>Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to March Week 5 2016</p>
|
|
<p>Search Strategy:</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 (aneurysm* adj4 (abdom* or thoracoabdom* or thoraco-abdom* or aort* or spontan* or juxtarenal* or juxta-renal* or juxta renal* or paraerenal* or para-renal* or para renal* or suprarenal* or supra renal* or supra-renal* or short neck* or short-neck* or shortneck* or visceral aortic segment*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 Aortic Rupture/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 (AAA or RAAA).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 (endovascular* adj4 aneurysm* adj4 repair*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 (endovascular* adj4 aort* adj4 repair*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 (EVAR or EVRAR or FEVAR or F-EAVAR or BEVAR or B-EVAR).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 (Anaconda or Zenith Dynalink or Hemobahn or Luminex* or Memoth-erm or Wallstent).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 (Viabahn or Nitinol or Hemobahn or Intracoil or Tantalum).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 or/1–9</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 X-Rays/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 (x-ray* or x ray* or xray* or x-radiation* or x radiation* or roentgen ray* or grenz ray* or radiograph*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 Aortography/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 aortograph*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 Tomography, X-Ray Computed/ (</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 (cat scan* or ct scan* or cine ct or cine-ct or tomodensitomet*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 ((computed or computer assisted or computeriz* or computeris* or electron beam* or axial*) adj4 tomograph*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 (4d ct or 4dct or 4-dimensional CT or four dimensional CT).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 exp Tomography, Spiral Computed/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 ((helical or spiral) adj4 ct*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 exp Magnetic Resonance Imaging/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 (nmr tomograph* or mr tomograph* or nmr imag* or mri scan* or functional mri* or fmri* or zeugmatograph* or cine-mri* or cinemri*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 (proton spin adj4 tomograph*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 ((chemical shift or magnetic resonance or magneti* transfer) adj4 imag*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 exp Angiography/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 (angiograph* or arteriograph*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 exp Ultrasonography/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 (ultrasound* or ultrason* or sonograph* or echograph* or echotomograph*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 exp Echocardiography/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 echocardiograph*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32 Finite element analysis/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 (finite adj4 element* adj4 analys*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34 (finite adj4 element* adj4 comput*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35 FEA.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36 ((wall adj4 stress adj4 analys*) or (wall adj4 stress adj4 comput*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37 exp Computer simulation/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38 Software/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39 Image interpretation, computer-assisted/ or Radiographic image interpretation, computer-assisted/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40 Imaging Three-Dimensional/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41 exp Image enhancement/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42 Stress, mechanical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 (stress* adj4 mechanical*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44 (scan* or imag*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 Watchful waiting/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 (watchful adj4 waiting*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47 Mass screening/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 screen*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49 Population surveillance/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50 surveillan*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 ((period* or test* or frequen* or regular* or routine* or rate or optimal* or optimis* or optimiz* or repeat* or interval*) adj4 (test* or monitor* or observ* or measur* or assess* or screen* or re-screen* or rescreen* or exam* or evaluat*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52 ((aneursym* or sign* or diameter or risk*) adj4 (grow* or siz* or measur* or expan* or ruptur* or tear* or progress* or enlarg* or dilat* or bulg* or evaluat*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53 Patient Selection/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54 ((patient or subject or criteria or treatment*) adj4 select*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55 ((follow-up or follow up) adj4 (visit* or repeat* or monitor* or assess* or care*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56 Aftercare/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57 (aftercare or after-care).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58 Disease progression/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59 ((disease or illness or condition) adj4 (progress* or worsen* or exacerbat* or deterior* or course or duration or trajector* or improv* or recur* or relaps* or remission)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60 or/11–59</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 10 and 60</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62 animals/ not humans/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63 61 not 62</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64 limit 63 to english language</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Note: Systematic Review and Observational study filters appended to strategy.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2appbtab2"><div id="niceng156er2.appb.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Medline Strategy</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Economic evaluations</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 Economics/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 exp “Costs and Cost Analysis”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 Economics, Dental/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 exp Economics, Hospital/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 exp Economics, Medical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 Economics, Nursing/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 Economics, Pharmaceutical/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 Budgets/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 exp Models, Economic/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 Markov Chains/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 Monte Carlo Method/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 Decision Trees/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 econom*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 cba.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 cea.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 cua.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 markov*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 (monte adj carlo).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 (decision adj3 (tree* or analys*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 (cost or costs or costing* or costly or costed).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 (price* or pricing*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 budget*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 expenditure*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 (value adj3 (money or monetary)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 (pharmacoeconomic* or (pharmaco adj economic*)).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 or/1–25</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Quality of life</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1 “Quality of Life”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2 quality of life.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3 “Value of Life”/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4 Quality-Adjusted Life Years/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5 quality adjusted life.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6 (qaly* or qald* or qale* or qtime*).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7 disability adjusted life.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8 daly*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9 Health Status Indicators/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10 (sf36 or sf 36 or short form 36 or shortform 36 or sf thirtysix or sf thirty six or shortform thirtysix or shortform thirty six or short form thirtysix or short form thirty six).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11 (sf6 or sf 6 or short form 6 or shortform 6 or sf six or sfsix or shortform six or short form six).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12 (sf12 or sf 12 or short form 12 or shortform 12 or sf twelve or sftwelve or shortform twelve or short form twelve).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 (sf16 or sf 16 or short form 16 or shortform 16 or sf sixteen or sfsixteen or shortform sixteen or short form sixteen).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 (sf20 or sf 20 or short form 20 or shortform 20 or sf twenty or sftwenty or shortform twenty or short form twenty).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15 (euroqol or euro qol or eq5d or eq 5d).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 (qol or hql or hqol or hrqol).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17 (hye or hyes).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18 health* year* equivalent*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19 utilit*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20 (hui or hui1 or hui2 or hui3).tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21 disutili*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22 rosser.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23 quality of wellbeing.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24 quality of well-being.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 qwb.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 willingness to pay.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27 standard gamble*.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28 time trade off.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29 time tradeoff.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30 tto.tw.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appb.tab2_1_1_28_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31 or/1–30</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng156er2appcfig1"><div id="niceng156er2.appc.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appcf1&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appcf1.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appcf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng156er2appefig1"><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef1&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef1.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng156er2appefig2"><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig2" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef2&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef2.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef2.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef2" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng156er2appefig3"><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig3" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef3&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef3.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef3.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef3" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng156er2appefig4"><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig4" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef4&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef4.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef4.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef4" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng156er2appefig5"><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig5" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef5&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef5.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef5.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef5" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng156er2appefig6"><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig6" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef6&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef6.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef6.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef6" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng156er2appefig7"><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig7" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef7&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef7.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef7.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef7" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng156er2appefig8"><div id="niceng156er2.appe.fig8" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appef8&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appef8.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appef8.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appef8" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2appftab1"><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No. of studies</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Study design</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sample size</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Sensitivity (95%CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Specificity (95%CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect size (95%CI)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnostic test accuracy in full population (symptomatic or asymptomatic)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross Sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">850</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>96%</p>
|
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<p>(92%, 97%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>97%</p>
|
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<p>(95%, 98%)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>LR+ 33.9</p>
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<p>(17.6, 59.8)</p>
|
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>LR- 0.05</p>
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<p>(0.03, 0.08)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnostic test accuracy in full population (symptomatic or asymptomatic) sensitivity analysis: CT reference standard only</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">250</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>96%</p>
|
|
<p>(91%, 98%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>97%</p>
|
|
<p>(92%, 99%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LR+ 26.81</p>
|
|
<p>(10.61, 67.73)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LR- 0.04</p>
|
|
<p>(0.02, 0.10)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnostic test accuracy in people who present with symptoms</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross Sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">704</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>95%</p>
|
|
<p>(90%, 98%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>97%</p>
|
|
<p>(95%, 99%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LR+ 37.1</p>
|
|
<p>(18.1, 68.4)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LR- 0.05</p>
|
|
<p>(0.02, 0.10)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" colspan="11" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Diagnostic test accuracy in people who present with symptoms sensitivity analysis: CT reference standard only</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross Sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">104</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>92%</p>
|
|
<p>(38%, 100%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>97%</p>
|
|
<p>(91%, 99%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LR+ 26.19</p>
|
|
<p>(9.1, 75.37)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">High</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_6 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>LR- 0.09</p>
|
|
<p>(0.01, 1.23)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_7 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not Serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_8 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_9 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not Serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_10 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_1_11 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1_1_10_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Constantino (2005), Dent (2007), Jones (2003), Knaut (2005), Kuhn (2000), Rowland (2001), Tayal (2003), Vidakovic (2007)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Unclear if reference standard results were interpreted blind to the results of the index test, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">CT was not used as the reference standard in all patients (i.e. other reference standards were used across included studies), downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab1_4"><p class="no_margin">Knaut (2005) & Vidakovic (2007)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab1_5"><p class="no_margin">Unclear if there is an appropriate interval between ultrasound and CT scans, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab1_6"><p class="no_margin">Constantino (2005), Dent (2007), Jones (2003), Knaut (2005), Kuhn (2000), Rowland (2001), Tayal (2003)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab1_7"><p class="no_margin">Knaut (2005)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab1_8"><p class="no_margin">Downgrade 1 level as 95% confidence interval of likelihood ratio crosses one end of a defined MID interval (0.5, 2)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2appftab2"><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Pairs of images examined</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect estimate: Limit of agreement (LOA)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imprecision</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1060</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Range of MDs -0.95 to 0.09 cm<sup>5</sup></p>
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<p>95% LOA:</p>
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<p>Range of lower limits −1.32 to −0.26 cm</p>
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<p>Range of upper limits 0.32 to 1.0 cm</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">3 evaluations from Chiu (2014); 1 from Gray (2014); 1 from Manning (2009); 2 from Sprouse (2004); 1 from Sprouse (2003); 1 from Vidakovic (2007); 1 from Wanhainen (2002)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Unclear whether consecutive or random samples of patients were assessed, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab2_3"><p class="no_margin">Unclear whether studies avoided inappropriate exclusions, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab2_4"><p class="no_margin">Studies used different ultrasound and CT measurement plans and/or parameters (where to where), downgrade 1 level</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab2_5"><p class="no_margin">Data not reported in a manner to allow meta-analysis, therefore precluding formal assessment of imprecision; very wide and varied 95% LOA, with upper and lower limits falling outside the range specified as acceptable by the NHS AAA Screening Programme (-0.5 to 0.5 cm), downgrade 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2appftab3"><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab3" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Evaluations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Pairs of images examined</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect estimate: Limit of agreement (LOA)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter – subgroup: measurement from inner to inner edg</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup>
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<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>MD -0.5 cm</p>
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<p>95% LOA -1.32 to 0.32 cm</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter – subgroup: measurement from leading to leading edge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>MD -0.32 cm</p>
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<p>95% LOA -1.11 to 0.47 cm</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter – subgroup: measurement from outer to outer edge</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">365</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Range of MDs -0.42 to -0.04 cm<sup>8</sup></p>
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<p>95% LOA:</p>
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<p>Range of lower limits −0.93 to −0.26 cm</p>
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<p>Range of upper limits 0.45 to 1.0 cm</p></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Chiu (2014)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Unclear whether consecutive or random samples of patients were assessed, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab3_3"><p class="no_margin">Unclear whether studies avoided inappropriate exclusions, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab3_4"><p class="no_margin">Very wide 95% LOA with lower limit falling well below that specified as acceptable by the NHS AAA Screening Programme (-0.5 cm), downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab3_5"><p class="no_margin">1 evaluation from Chiu (2014); 1 evaluation from Gray (2014); 1 evaluation from Manning (2009); 2 evaluations from Sprouse (2004)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab3_6"><p class="no_margin">Unclear if reference standard results were interpreted blind to the results of the index test, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab3_7"><p class="no_margin">Studies used different ultrasound and CT measurement plans and/or parameters (‘where to where’), downgrade 1 level</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab3_8"><p class="no_margin">Data not reported in a manner to allow meta-analysis, therefore precluding formal assessment of imprecision; very wide and varied 95% LOA, with upper and lower limits falling outside the range specified as acceptable by the NHS AAA Screening Programme (-0.5 to 0.5 cm), downgrade 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2appftab4"><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Evaluations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Pairs of images examined</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect estimate: Limit of agreement (LOA)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter – subgroup: by size</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p><5.0 cm</p>
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<p>n=29</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>MD 0.0 cm; p value = 0.4</p>
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<p>95% LOA -0.46 to 0.47 cm</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moderate</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>>5.0 and <6.5 cm</p>
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<p>n=88</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>MD 0.5 cm; p value = 0.2</p>
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<p>95% LOA -0.59 to 0.68 cm</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>>6.5 cm</p>
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<p>n=13</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>MD -0.1 cm; p value = 0.1</p>
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<p>95% LOA -0.55 to 0.35 cm</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>6</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p><5.0cm</p>
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<p>n=75</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.71 cm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>>5.0 and <6.5 cm</p>
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<p>n=207</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.91 cm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>>6.5 cm</p>
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<p>n=52</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.46 cm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>10</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>11</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p><3.0 cm</p>
|
|
<p>n=116</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>MD 0.05 cm; p value >0.05</p>
|
|
<p>95% LOA -0.49 to 0.59 cm</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>11</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3.0 to 5.0 cm</p>
|
|
<p>n=32</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>MD 0.05 cm; p value >0.05</p>
|
|
<p>95% LOA -0.69 to 0.79 cm</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>11</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>>5.0 cm</p>
|
|
<p>n=84</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>MD 0.20 cm; p value <0.0001</p>
|
|
<p>95% LOA −0.68 to 1.08 cm</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1<sup>12</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>11</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p><3.0 cm</p>
|
|
<p>n=28</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>MD 0.28; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.40 cm</p>
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<p>95% LOA -0.29 to 0.85 cm</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>>3.0 cm</p>
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<p>n=33</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>MD -0.07; 95% CI -0.21 to 0.07 cm</p>
|
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<p>95% LOA -0.87 to 0.73 cm</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very low</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1<sup>13</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">N/A</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>>3.0 and <5.5 cm in men;</p>
|
|
<p><5.2 cm in women</p>
|
|
<p>n=54</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>MD -0.26 cm</p>
|
|
<p>95% LOA -0.59 to 0.08 cm</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Low</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Gray (2014)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Unclear if reference standard results were interpreted blind to the results of the index test, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Wide 95% LOA with upper and lower limits falling outside the range specified as acceptable by the NHS AAA Screening Programme (-0.5 to 0.5 cm), downgrade 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_4"><p class="no_margin">Wide 95% LOA with a lower limit falling below that specified as acceptable by the NHS AAA Screening Programme (-0.5 cm), downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_5"><p class="no_margin">Sprouse (2003)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_6"><p class="no_margin">Unclear if a consecutive or random sample of patients was enrolled, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_7"><p class="no_margin">Unclear whether inappropriate exclusions were avoided, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_8"><p class="no_margin">Authors do not provide sufficient information on which to judge the precision of the effect estimate, downgrade 2 levels</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_9"><p class="no_margin">Vidakovic (2007)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_10"><p class="no_margin">Unclear if there is an appropriate interval between US and CT measurements, downgrade 1 level.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_11"><p class="no_margin">Wide 95% LOA with an upper limit falling above that specified as acceptable by the NAAASP (0.5 cm)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_12"><p class="no_margin">Wanhainen (2002)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab4_13"><p class="no_margin">Bredahl (2015)</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2appftab5"><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab5" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Evaluations</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Pairs of images examined</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect estimate</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Imprecision</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Inter-technique variation in aneurysm diameter</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cross-sectional</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not Serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not Serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not Serious</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>MD 0.18 cm;</p>
|
|
<p>95%CI 0.13 to 0.23 cm</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Wolf (2011)</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng156er2.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Limits of agreement not reported, downgrade 2 levels.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng156er2appgfig1"><div id="niceng156er2.appg.fig1" class="figure"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Image%20niceng156er2appgf1&p=BOOKS&id=556907_niceng156er2appgf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK556907/bin/niceng156er2appgf1.jpg" alt="Image niceng156er2appgf1" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2apphtab1"><div id="niceng156er2.apph.tab1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.apph.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.apph.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Short Title</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Title</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abbas (2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of the accuracy of AortaScan for detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Adam (1998)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The value of computed tomography in the assessment of suspected ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Published before 2000 or systematic review containing only papers published before 2000</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aggarwal (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical impact of USPSTF screening recommendations for abdominal aortic aneurysm: Analysis of Nationwide Inpatient Sample data</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Alamoudi (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic efficacy value in terms of sensitivity and specificity of imaging modalities in detecting the abdominal aortic aneurysm: A systematic review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator (reference standard not CT; uses digital subtraction angiography)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Al-Zahrani (1995)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): Is it worth it?</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andersen (1983)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of computed tomography and aortography in abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes reported (does not allow the calculation of both sensitivity and specificity)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Andreozzi (2007)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Appropriateness of diagnostic and therapeutic pathways in patients with vascular disease</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous (1991)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Periodic health examination, 1991 update: 5. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous (1992)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms: A review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous (2001)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Use of ultrasound imaging by emergency physicians</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a peer-reviewed publication</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Anonymous (2002)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cost-effective screening test for abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arlart (1992)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Magnetic resonance angiography of the abdominal aorta</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Armon (1998)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spiral CT angiography versus aortography in the assessment of aortoiliac length in patients undergoing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Published before 2000 or systematic review containing only papers published before 2000</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Arnell (1996)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening in elderly males with atherosclerosis: the value of physical exam</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Atar (2006)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MR angiography for abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms: assessment before endovascular repair in patients with impaired renal function</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not the correct population/condition of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Axelrod (2002)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cost of routine screening for carotid and lower extremity occlusive disease in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aziz (2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of three-dimensional simulation in the sizing of aortic endoluminal devices</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bailey (2001)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasonography performed by primary care residents for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening: An innovative teaching model</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bando (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasound of silence abdominal aortic aneurysm: A milestone evidence in Japanese hypertensive elderly has come out</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Barkin (2004)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasound detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bashir (2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Improved aortic enhancement in CT angiography using slope-based triggering with table speed optimization: a pilot study</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Batagni (2016)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Volumetry and biomechanical parameters detected by 3D and 2D ultrasound in patients with and without an abdominal aortic aneurysm.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes reported (does not allow the calculation of both sensitivity and specificity)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Baud (1997)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">[Criteria for quantification and characterization of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta using ultrasonography. The AFFCA study. French Association of Continuous Education in Angiology]</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bayle (1997)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Morphologic assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms by spiral computed tomographic scanning</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beachley (1976)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Radiographic findings in aneurysms of the aorta</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beales (2011)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reproducibility of ultrasound measurement of the abdominal aorta</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beard (2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beebe (1999)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening and preoperative imaging of candidates for conventional repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Beeres (2016)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evaluation of different keV-settings in dual-energy CT angiography of the aorta using advanced image-based virtual monoenergetic imaging</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bentz (2006)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Towards evidence-based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Accuracy of emergency department ultrasound scanning in detecting abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a peer-reviewed publication</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Benzaquen (2001)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms during cardiac catheterization</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bergqvist (1990)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Should screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms be advocated?</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bergqvist (1992)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Is screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms worthwhile?</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bergqvist (2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdominal aortic aneurysm and new WHO criteria for screening</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bertero (2010)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm, a one-year follow up: an interview study</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bhalla (2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CT of acute abdominal aortic disorders</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bhatt (2007)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sonographic Evaluation of the Abdominal Aorta</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bhatt (2008)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Catastrophes of Abdominal Aorta: Sonographic Evaluation</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bierig (2009)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy and cost comparison of ultrasound versus alternative imaging modalities, including CT, MR, PET, and angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Billittier (1996)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Radiographic imaging modalities for the patient in the emergency department with abdominal complaints</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bird (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Birjawi (2009)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Emergency abdominal radiology: The acute abdomen</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bjorck (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">International update on screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms: Issues and opportunities</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blaivas (2004)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Frequency of Incomplete Abdominal Aorta Visualization by Emergency Department Bedside Ultrasound</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bleiweis (1992)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrafast CT and the cardiovascular system</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Blois (2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Office-based ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bobadilla (2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boll (2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mass screening on abdominal aortic aneurysm in men aged 60 to 65 years in the Netherlands. Impact on life expectancy and cost-effectiveness using a Markov model</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bolognesi (1996)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic features in patients with asymptomatic aortic abdominal aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bonnier (2008)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Detection of pathological aortic tissues by infrared multispectral imaging and chemometrics</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Boxt (1985)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of intravenous digital subtraction angiography to conventional aortography in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brambilla (2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cumulative radiation dose from medical imaging in chronic adult patients</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Braun (1985)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Measuring abdominal aortic aneurysms on digital subtraction arteriograms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bregenzer (2001)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Different sensitivity exhibited by CT and sonography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not in English</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Brewster (1977)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm size</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bruschi (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A comparison study of radiation exposure to patients during EVAR and Dyna CT in an angiosuite vs. an operating theatre</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Burden (2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ACP Journal Club. Review: ultrasonography screening reduces long-term abdominal aortic aneurysm-related mortality</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Bush (2002)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair in patients with renal dysfunction or severe contrast allergy: utility of imaging modalities without iodinated contrast</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Buxton (2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Molecular imaging of aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carriero (1997)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Magnetic resonance angiography and colour-Doppler sonography in the evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Published before 2000 or systematic review containing only papers published before 2000</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carstea (2008)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The accuracy of combined physical examination and ultrasonography for the detection of abdominal aorta aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Catalano (2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: Categorization of sonographic findings and report of 3 new signs</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Catalano (2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Contrast-enhanced sonography for diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cho (2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aortic aneurysm screening in a high-risk population: A non-contrast computed tomography study in Korean males with hypertension</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not the correct population/condition of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chun (2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes of an abdominal aortic aneurysm screening program</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cina (2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review: population-based screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm reduces cause-specific mortality in older men</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clevert (2007)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Imaging of aortic abnormalities with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. A pictorial comparison with CT</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clevert (2009)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Role of contrast enhanced ultrasound in detection of abdominal aortic abnormalities in comparison with multislice computed tomography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cloutier (1996)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Predicting survival from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Computer modeling with AIM versus clinical judgment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cole (1997)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospects for screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Collin (1996)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The Oxford Screening Program for aortic aneurysm and screening first-order male siblings of probands with abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Collin (1996)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Influence of screening on the incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: 5-year results of a randomized controlled study</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Collins (2006)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connelly (2002)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The detection and management of abdominal aortic aneurysm: A cost-effectiveness analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Connelly (2002)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The detection and management of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a cost-effectiveness analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cosford (2007)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Costantino (2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of emergency medicine ultrasound in the evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate and/or already included within an included systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cote (2010)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms (Structured abstract)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Cullenward (1986)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inflammatory aortic aneurysm (periaortic fibrosis): radiologic imaging</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dabare (2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the role of screening in the management of abdominal aortic aneurysms?</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Daly (2004)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening, diagnosis and advances in aortic aneurysm surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">das (2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging with intraoperative measurements in the evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davies (1991)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasonography in the acute abdomen</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not the correct population/condition of interest. Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Davis (2011)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Computed tomography for the diagnosis and management of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">de Gracia (2006)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Correlation between the measurement of transverse diameter in the proximal neck on computed tomography and on aortography before endovascular treatment of infrarenal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">de la Motte (2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Categorization of aortic aneurysm thrombus morphology by magnetic resonance imaging</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">De Rango (2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Commentary: Current gaps in diagnosis and management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: Best fusion imaging technology may not replace confusion in physician decision-making</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diehm (2004)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Multidetector CT angiography versus digital subtraction angiography for aortoiliac length measurements prior to endovascular AAA repair</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dillavou (2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional CT scan for aortic measurement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dindyal (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review of the Use of Ionizing Radiation in Endovascular Aneurysm Repair</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dixon (1981)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Computed tomography (CT) of abdominal aortic aneurysms: determination of longitudinal extent</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Doyle (2007)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A comparison of modelling techniques for computing wall stress in abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Dugas (2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reproducibility of abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter measurement and growth evaluation on axial and multiplanar computed tomography reformations</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Engelberger (2017)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Descriptive study: no relevant outcomes were reported (does not allow the calculation of both sensitivity and specificity).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eriksson (1980)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms by aortography, computer tomography and ultrasound</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Federle (2007)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CT criteria for differentiating abdominal hemorrhage: anticoagulation or aortic aneurysm rupture?</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fitzsimons (1985)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The use of ultrasound in the confirmation and evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Published before 2000 or systematic review containing only papers published before 2000</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fleming (2006)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening and management of abdominal aortic aneurysm: the best evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fox (1996)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging measurements of abdominal aortic aneurysms with measurements obtained by other imaging techniques and intraoperative measurements: possible implications for endovascular grafting</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gale (1986)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Problems in CT diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Geijer (2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Radiation exposure in stent-grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Genovese (2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdominal vascular emergencies: US and CT assessment</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ghatwary (2013)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A systematic review of protocols for the three-dimensional morphologic assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms using computed tomographic angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gomes (1977)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ACTA scanning in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gomes (1978)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasonography and CT scanning: a comparative study of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator (surgical diagnosis used a reference; not reported in a way that allowed comparison of US with CT directly)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gomes (1979)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdominal aortic aneurysms: diagnostic review and new technique</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gore (2000)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Helical CT in the evaluation of the acute abdomen</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gouliamos (2004)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms during routine lumbar CT scan: modification of the standard technique</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Gurtelschmi d (2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of three ultrasound methods of measuring the diameter of the abdominal aorta</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hans (1995)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Routine use of limited abdominal aortography with digital subtraction carotid and cerebral angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not the correct population/condition of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hansen (2016)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Abdominal Aorta</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hany (1997)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evaluation of the aortoiliac and renal arteries: comparison of breath-hold, contrast-enhanced, three-dimensional MR angiography with conventional catheter angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hardy (1981)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Measurement of the abdominal aortic aneurysm. Plain radiographic and ultrasonographic correlation</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hasani (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of bedside emergency physician performed ultrasound in diagnosing different causes of acute abdominal pain: a prospective study</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Heegaard (2010)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prehospital ultrasound by paramedics: results of field trial</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Hoornweg (2008)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interobserver and intraobserver variability of interpretation of CT-angiography in patients with a suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iezzi (2011)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proximal aneurysmal neck: Dynamic ECG-gated CT angiography - Conformational pulsatile changes with possible consequences for endograft sizing</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Iezzi (2011)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CT angiography in stent-graft sizing: Impact of using inner vs. outer wall measurements of aortic neck diameters</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IqwiG (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms (Structured abstract)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Jaakkola (1996)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interobserver variability in measuring the dimensions of the abdominal aorta: Comparison of ultrasound and computed tomography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design (case-control)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Johansson (2016)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Harms of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: Is there more to life than a 0.46% disease-specific mortality reduction?</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kandarpa (1992)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective double-blinded comparison of MR imaging and aortography in the preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kato (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A propensity score-matching analysis of transthoracic echocardiography and abdominal ultrasonography for the detection of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaufman (1994)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MR imaging (including MR angiography) of abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison with conventional angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kaufman (1994)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MR angiography in the preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a preliminary study</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Knaut (2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasonographic measurement of aortic diameter by emergency physicians approximates results obtained by computed tomography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate and/or already included within an included systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Koslin (1988)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm by MR imaging with aortography correlation</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kotze (2009)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Increased Metabolic Activity in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Detected by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kotze (2011)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the relationship between 18F-FDG aortic aneurysm uptake on PET/CT and future growth rate?</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kotze (2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CT signal heterogeneity of abdominal aortic aneurysm as a possible predictive biomarker for expansion</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kritpracha (2002)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CT artefacts of the proximal aortic neck: an important problem in endograft planning</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kuhn (2000)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Emergency department ultrasound scanning for abdominal aortic aneurysm: accessible, accurate, and advantageous</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate and/or already included within an included systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Kvilekval (1990)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The value of computed tomography in the management of symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lamah (1999)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Value of routine computed tomography in the preoperative assessment of abdominal aneurysm replacement</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Published before 2000 or systematic review containing only papers published before 2000</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Landtman (1984)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnostic value of ultrasound, computed tomography, and angiography in ruptured aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not the correct population/condition of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Larsson (1984)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Computed tomography versus aortography for preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lederle (1995)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Variability in measurement of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Published before 2000 or systematic review containing only papers published before 2000</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lee (1975)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A practical approach to the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Leseche (1992)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Diagnosis and management of 17 consecutive patients with inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Li (2010)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Computed wall stress may predict the growth of abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a peer-reviewed publication</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Limet (1991)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Determination of the expansion rate and incidence of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lindholt (1999)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The validity of ultrasonographic scanning as screening method for abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lisberg (2017)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdominal ultrasound-scanning versus non-contrast computed tomography as screening method for abdominal aortic aneurysm - a validation study from the randomized DANCAVAS study.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not the correct population</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Loughran (1986)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A review of the plain abdominal radiograph in acute rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ludman (2000)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Feasibility of using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography as the sole imaging modality prior to endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes reported (provides data suitable to determine diagnostic test accuracy for suitability for EVAR - not relevant to any of the planned reviews)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lutz (2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evaluation of aortoiliac aneurysm before endovascular repair: comparison of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography with multidetector row computed tomographic angiography with an automated analysis software tool</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Maloney (1977)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasound evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mastracci (2007)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in Canada: review and position statement of the Canadian Society for Vascular Surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Moll (2011)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Management of abdominal aortic aneurysms clinical practice guidelines of the European society for vascular surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Musella (2001)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Magnetic resonance imaging and abdominal wall hernias in aortic surgery</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nasim (1998)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Role of magnetic resonance angiography for assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm before endoluminal repair</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nonent (2007)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Lodixanol in multidetector-row computed tomography angiography (MDCTA): diagnostic accuracy for abdominal aorta and abdominal aortic major-branch diseases using four-, eight- and 16-detector-row CT scanners</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Nordon (2010)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Validation of DynaCT in the morphological assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm for endovascular repair</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Oates (1993)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spiral computed tomography angiography vs. conventional angiography. Efficiency & cost factors</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator. Published before 2000 or systematic review containing only papers published before 2000</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Papanicolaou (1986)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms by computed tomography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Parker (2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What imaging studies are necessary for abdominal aortic endograft sizing? A prospective blinded study using conventional computed tomography, aortography, and three-dimensional computed tomography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Paslawski (2004)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdominal aortic aneurysm in ultrasound and CT examination</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Passariello (1983)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Angiographic characterization of aortic aneurysms by digital intravenous angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pavone (1990)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdominal aortic aneurysm evaluation: comparison of US, CT, MRI, and angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Pennell (1985)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms: a thirty-year review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Persson (2004)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Volume rendering compared with maximum intensity projection for magnetic resonance angiography measurements of the abdominal aorta</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Petersen (1995)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Magnetic resonance angiography in the preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Posacioglu (2002)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Predictive value of conventional computed tomography in determining proximal extent of abdominal aortic aneurysms and possibility of infrarenal clamping</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rakita (2007)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Spectrum of CT findings in rupture and impending rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raptopoulos (1996)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sequential helical CT angiography of aortoiliac disease</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Raskin (1978)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison of computed tomography and ultrasound for abdominal aortic aneurysms: a preliminary study</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Resch (1999)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abdominal aortic aneurysm morphology in candidates for endovascular repair evaluated with spiral computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rigatelli (2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms: Invasive and non-invasive imaging from an endovascular perspective</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roberts (1974)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rudd (2015)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Predicting aortic aneurysm expansion by PET</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ruff (1988)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Magnetic resonance imaging versus angiography in the preoperative assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Saida (2012)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective intra-individual comparison of unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging vs contrast-enhanced computed tomography for the planning of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Salaman (1994)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intravenous digital subtraction angiography versus computed tomography in the assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Schuster (2009)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Ultrasound imaging of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Diagnosis of aneurysms and complications and follow-up after endovascular repair</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Seeger (1986)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Preoperative CT in symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms: accuracy and efficacy</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sharma (2005)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aortic aneurysm and dissection: evaluation with spiral CT angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not the correct population/condition of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Shin (2000)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Can preoperative spiral CT scans alone determine the feasibility of endovascular AAA repair? A comparison to angiographic measurements</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Simoni (1996)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Helical CT for the study of abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients undergoing conventional surgical repair</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Singh (2004)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The difference between ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) measurements of aortic diameter increases with aortic diameter: analysis of axial images of abdominal aortic and common iliac artery diameter in normal and aneurysmal aortas. The Tromso Study, 1994–1995</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sivananthan (1993)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Fast magnetic resonance angiography using turbo-FLASH sequences in advanced aortoiliac disease</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Solakovic (2008)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparative analysis of diagnostic evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm: CT angiography versus Seldinger angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studer (2014)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Addition of a lateral view improves adequate visualization of the abdominal aorta during clinician performed ultrasound</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sun (2009)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Computed tomography virtual intravascular endoscopy in the evaluation of fenestrated stent graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tayal (2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Prospective study of accuracy and outcome of emergency ultrasound for abdominal aortic aneurysm over two years</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Duplicate and/or already included within an included systematic review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Tennant (1993)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Radiologic investigation of abdominal aortic aneurysm disease: comparison of three modalities in staging and the detection of inflammatory change</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thomas (1981)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The diagnosis and management of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a comparison of computed tomography, ultrasound and aortography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Published before 2000 or systematic review containing only papers published before 2000</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Thurnher (1997)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm for stent-graft placement: comparison of gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography versus helical CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Published before 2000 or systematic review containing only papers published before 2000</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Todd (1991)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The accuracy of CT scanning in the diagnosis of abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not the correct population/condition of interest</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">van Essen (1999)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accurate assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm with intravascular ultrasound scanning: validation with computed tomographic angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes reported</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">van Prehn (2008)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intra- and interobserver variability of aortic aneurysm volume measurement with fast CTA postprocessing software</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vicaretti (1997)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Helical computed tomography in the assessment of abdominal aortic pathology</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vowden (1989)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A comparison of three imaging techniques in the assessment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Walker (2010)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Clinical practice guidelines for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: written by the Standards of Practice Committee for the Society of Interventional Radiology and endorsed by the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe and the Canadian Interventional Radiology Association</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant study design</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Williamson (1987)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The role of intravenous digital subtraction angiography as an adjunct to computed tomography in the preoperative assessment of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Willmann (2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Aortoiliac and renal arteries: prospective intraindividual comparison of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography and multi-detector row CT angiography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not the correct population/condition of interest (no suspicion of AAA in population definition)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wilmink (2002)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Accuracy of serial screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms by ultrasound</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Wyers (2003)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm without preoperative arteriography</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention and/or comparator</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng156er2apphtab2"><div id="niceng156er2.apph.tab2" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK556907/table/niceng156er2.apph.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng156er2.apph.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Primary reason for exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sonnex
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et al. (2012). Imaging diseases of the aorta by MRI: a cost-effectiveness analysis of contrast-enhanced studies compared to non-contrast enhanced angiographic studies. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 14(S1): 45.</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng156er2.apph.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a cost–utility analysis.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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