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class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK555682_"><span itemprop="name">Ratio of phosphate to amino acids</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Neonatal parenteral nutrition</div><p><b>Evidence review D10</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 154</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Alliance (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2020 Feb</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3673-1</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1"><h2 id="_niceng154er14_s1_">Intravenous minerals for preterm and term babies</h2><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1"><h3>Review question</h3><p>What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</p><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) require an amino acid intake of at least 1.5 g/kg/day, in order to be in positive nitrogen balance. A greater intake of amino acids is recommended in order to allow for growth and tissue accretion. Phosphate is a key substrate for growth. If not supplied in sufficient quantities in an anabolic growth environment, bone will be utilised as a source of phosphate. The release of phosphate from bone results in release of calcium. Provision of amino acids without sufficient provision of phosphate may lead to hypophosphataemia and hypercalcaemia. It is therefore important to give babies receiving recommended intakes of amino acids in PN sufficient phosphate to allow for growth and to prevent hypophosphataemia and hypercalcaemia. The aim of this review is to review what an optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid is.</p></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of protocol</h4><p>See <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng154er14tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng154er14tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng154er14tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. Summary of the protocol (PICO table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng154er14.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PICO table). </p></div></div><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng154er14.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.3"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>No randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified; therefore, observational studies were included to inform decision making.</p><p>Two observational studies were included in this review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1">Bonsante 2013</a> and <a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2">Moe 2015</a>).</p><p>The first study compared three different PN solutions with low phosphate intake and different amounts of amino acid intakes from day 1 to day 7 in a single hospital:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Group 1 (LAA) received a PN nutrition solution low in levels of amino acids;</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Group 2 (MAA) received a PN nutrition solution moderate in levels of amino acids;</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Group 3 (HAA) received a PN nutrition solution high in levels of amino acids.</div></li></ul></p><p>The second study compared three PN solutions introduced across different time periods in a single hospital:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Group 1 received high levels of phosphate and a low content of amino acids and calcium;</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Group 2, which was the baseline group, received low levels of phosphate, a higher content of amino acids and an intermediate content of calcium;</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Group 3 received high levels of phosphate, calcium and amino acids.</div></li></ul></p><p>The included studies are summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng154er14tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng154er14tab2"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng154er14tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of included studies." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng154er14.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies. </p></div></div><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#niceng154er14.appb">appendix B</a>, study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng154er14.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#niceng154er14.appd">appendix D</a>, forest plots in <a href="#niceng154er14.appe">appendix E</a>, and GRADE tables in <a href="#niceng154er14.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review are listed, and reasons for their exclusions are provided, in <a href="#niceng154er14.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.4"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>Summaries of the studies included in this review are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng154er14tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><p>See <a href="#niceng154er14.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables. The outcomes from the two studies could not be meta-analysed therefore there are no forest plots in <a href="#niceng154er14.appe">appendix E</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.5"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical outcomes included in the evidence review</h4><p>GRADE was conducted to assess the quality of outcomes. Evidence was identified for critical outcomes, but no evidence was identified to provide data on important outcomes. The clinical evidence profiles can be found in <a href="#niceng154er14.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.6"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.6.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>A systematic review of the economic literature was conducted but no economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question. A single economic search was undertaken for all topics included in the scope of this guideline. Please see <a href="/books/NBK555682/bin/niceng154er14_bm4.pdf">supplementary material D</a> for details.</p></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.6.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.7"><h4>Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h4><p>No economic evaluations were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.8"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for this review because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9"><h4>Evidence statements</h4><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1"><h5>Clinical Evidence statements</h5><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.1"><h5>Medium amino acid and low phosphate versus low amino acid and low phosphate</h5><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.1.1"><h5>Severe hypercalcaemia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=101) showed a clinically important difference in rate of severe hypercalcaemia, with greater occurrences in babies who received medium amino acid and low phosphate intake compared with low amino acid and low phosphate intake. However, there was high uncertainty around the effect: Relative risk (RR) 2.42 (95% CI 0.68 to 8.58).</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.1.2"><h5>Severe hypophosphataemia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=101) showed a clinically important difference in rate of severe hypophosphataemia, with greater occurrences in babies who received medium amino acid and low phosphate intake compared with low amino acid and low phosphate intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effect: Peto odds ratio (POR) 6.99 (95% CI 0.71 to 68.96).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.2"><h5>High amino acid and low phosphate versus medium amino acid and low phosphate</h5><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.2.1"><h5>Severe hypercalcaemia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=106) showed a clinically important difference in rate of severe hypercalcaemia, with greater occurrences in babies who received high amino acid and low phosphate intake compared with medium amino acid and low phosphate intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effect: RR 2.00 (95% CI 0.94 to 4.27).</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.2.2"><h5>Severe hypophosphataemia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=106) showed a clinically important different in rate of severe hypophosphataemia, with greater occurrences in babies who received high amino acid and low phosphate intake compared with medium amino acid and low phosphate intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effect: RR 3.33 (95% CI 0.97 to 11.44).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.3"><h5>High amino acid and low phosphate versus low amino acid and low phosphate</h5><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.3.1"><h5>Severe hypercalcaemia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=101) showed a clinically important difference in rate of severe hypercalcaemia, with greater occurrences in babies who received high amino acid and low phosphate intake compared with low amino acid and low phosphate intake: RR 4.83 (95% CI 1.50 to 15.56).</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.3.2"><h5>Severe hypophosphataemia</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=101) showed a clinically important different in rate of severe hypophosphataemia, with greater occurrences in babies who received high amino acid and low phosphate intake compared with low amino acid and low phosphate intake. However, there was uncertainty around the: POR 8.12 (95%CI 2.21 to 29.82).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.4"><h5>Low amino acid and high phosphate versus high amino acid and low phosphate</h5><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.4.1"><h5>Change in weight z-score day 1 to day 29</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=124) showed no clinically important difference in change in weight z-score between day 1 and day 29 in babies who received low amino acid and high phosphate intake compared with high amino acid and low phosphate intake: Mean difference (MD) 0.07 (95% CI −0.23 to 0.37).</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.4.2"><h5>Weight z-score at day 8, 15, 22 and 29</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=124) showed no clinically important difference in weight z-score in babies who received low amino acid and high phosphate intake compared with high amino acid and low phosphate intake at day 8 (MD 0.06 [95% CI −0.25 to 0.37]), day 15 (MD −0.12 [95% CI −17.79 to 17.55]; high uncertainty around effect), day 22 (MD 0.19 [95% CI −0.11 to 0.49]; uncertainty around effect) or day 29 (MD 0.30 [95% CI −0.02 to 0.62]; uncertainty around effect).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.5"><h5>Low amino acid and high phosphate versus high amino acid and high phosphate</h5><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.5.1"><h5>Change in weight z-score day 1 to day 29</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=124) showed no clinically important difference in change in weight z-score between day 1 and day 29 in babies who received low amino acid and high phosphate intake compared with high amino acid and high phosphate intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effect: MD −0.16 (95% CI −0.43 to 0.11).</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.5.2"><h5>Weight z-score at day 8, 15, 22 and 29</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=124) showed no clinically important difference in weight z-score in babies who received low amino acid and high phosphate intake compared with high amino acid and high phosphate intake at day 8 (MD −0.08 [95% CI −0.37 to 0.21]), day 15 (MD 0.03 [95% CI −0.25 to 0.31]), day 22 (MD 0.17 [95% CI −0.12 to 0.46]; uncertainty around effect) or day 29 (MD 0.19 [95% CI −0.01 to 0.48]; uncertainty around effect).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.6"><h5>High amino acid and high phosphate versus high amino acid and low phosphate</h5><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.6.1"><h5>Change in weight z-score day 1 to day 29</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=124) showed no clinically important difference in change in weight z-score between day 1 and day 29 in babies who received high amino acid and high phosphate intake compared with high amino acid and low phosphate intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effect: MD 0.23 (95% CI −0.07 to 0.53).</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.1.6.2"><h5>Weight z-score at day 8, 15, 22 and 29</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=124) showed no clinically important difference in weight z-score in babies who received high amino acid and high phosphate intake compared with high amino acid and low phosphate intake at day 8 (MD 0.11 [95% CI −0.20 to 0.42]), day 15 (MD −0.15 [95% CI −0.49 to 0.19]), day 22 (MD 0.02 [95% CI −0.29 to 0.33]) or day 29 (MD 0.11 [95% CI −0.02 to 0.42]).</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.9.2"><h5>Economic Evidence statements</h5><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee identified growth parameters (weight gain, linear growth and head circumference), and complications such as fractures and metabolic bone disease of prematurity as critical outcomes. These outcomes were selected as both soft tissue growth and bone mineralisation are affected by the relative amounts of amino acids and phosphate administered. In addition, biochemical abnormalities such as hypercalcaemia, hypercalciuria, and hyper and hypophosphataemia and hypokalaemia were also identified as critical, as these outcomes may lead to important adverse effects and also directly relate to the relative amounts of amino acids and phosphate administered. Data was identified on weight-gain, hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia and hypokalaemia. Although the committee considered mortality as an important outcome, no data on mortality were identified.</p></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The studies included in this review were assessed for quality using GRADE methodology. Overall the evidence was considered of very low quality, indicating high uncertainty in the reliability of data. Only observational studies were included, and these were downgraded for bias regarding the selection of participants and the imbalance in the provision of additional co-interventions (for example, enteral feeds or glycophos) across the intervention groups. Data was downgraded due to serious or very serious risk of imprecision across the outcomes as the 95% confidence intervals crossed either one or both default MID. In one study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2">Moe 2015</a>), the control group only emerged after an error in the prescription of PN. Overall, the evidence should be interpreted with caution.</p></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>Two observational studies were included in this review. The first study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1">Bonsante 2013</a>) was conducted in France and was a prospective cohort study, while the second study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2">Moe 2015</a>) was conducted in Denmark and followed a retrospective cohort design. Data from one study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1">Bonsante 2013</a>) showed that babies assigned to PN regimen high in amino acids were more likely to develop severe hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia compared to those assigned to a PN regimen with low or medium amino acids, with low intakes of phosphate across all 3 groups. Similarly, babies that received medium amino acid intake were more likely to develop severe hypercalcaemia and severe hypophosphataemia than babies who received low amino acid intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effects. It should be noted that babies in this study received enteral feeding from day one after birth, and the quantity of the enteral feeding was gradually increased. The committee acknowledged that this could have a confounding effect on the observed findings. In addition, the amount of phosphate administered to infants in this study was less than currently used in clinical practice.</p><p>The second study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2">Moe 2015</a>) compared three groups: PN high in phosphate but low in amino acids, PN low in phosphate and high in amino acids, and PN high in both phosphate and amino acids. All groups were assessed in terms of weight gain and no differences were found between any of the groups. The highest blood levels of phosphate and lowest levels of calcium were observed in the group receiving a high phosphate and low amino acid intake, in keeping with the evidence from <a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1">Bonsante (2013)</a>.</p><p>The committee acknowledged that a sufficiently high intake of phosphate is vital for babies receiving PN in order to avoid hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia and hypokalaemia, especially when high intakes of amino acids are provided. The committee also discussed that the prescription of phosphate also depends on the amount of sodium intake. The committee accepted that both sodium and phosphate are very important for babies’ growth. In current PN formulations, 2 mmols of sodium will be provided for every mmol of phosphate. Babies are prone to lose water during the first days of life, so the provision of too much sodium early in PN could lead to hypernatraemia (high levels of sodium in the blood). This means that the intake of phosphate in the first few days of PN provision will be limited by how much sodium can be safely administered. In addition, the amount of phosphate provided in PN should be carefully considered in conjunction with the amount of calcium that is provided. A high amino acid and phosphate intake without sufficient calcium may lead to relative hypocalcaemia. This in turn could lead to release of calcium and phosphate from bone, resulting in hyperphosphataemia, and reduced bone mineralisation. Preterm babies in particular are at risk of metabolic bone disease of prematurity where their bones become very brittle as a result of insufficient mineralisation.</p><p>Following these deliberations about the evidence the committee decided not to make a recommendation on this topic. The very low quality of the evidence and significant confounding factors gave the committee little confidence in the specific ratios that were used in the studies. However, the committee noted that this limited evidence, does not contradict the committee’s previous recommendations on the optimal intakes of amino acids and phosphate individually in which they had greater confidence. They agreed by informal consensus that following these individual recommendations would lead to a safe ratio of phosphate to amino acids.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.s1.1.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>No economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p><p>No recommendation was made and current practice is not changed by this. Therefore there are no cost or resource implications.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.rl.r1"><h4>References</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1"><p id="p-113">
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<strong>Bonsante 2013</strong>
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</p>Bonsante, F., Iacobelli, S., Latorre, G., Rigo, J., De Felice, C., Robillard, Y. P., Gouyon, B. J.
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Initial Amino Acid Intake Influences Phosphorus and Calcium Homeostasis in Preterm Infants – It Is Time to Change the Composition of the Early Parenteral Nutrition, PLOS One(8), 8, 2013. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3744480/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3744480</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23977367" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23977367</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2"><p id="p-114">
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<strong>Moe 2015</strong>
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</p>Moe, K., Beck-Nielsen, S. S., Lando, A., Greisen, G., Zachariassen, G.
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Administering different levels of parenteral phosphate and amino acids did not influence growth in extremely preterm infants, Acta Paediatrica, 104, 894–899, 2015. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26046292" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26046292</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng154er14.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appa.s1"><h4>Review protocol for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p id="niceng154er14.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 3. Review protocol – optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appb.s1"><h4>Literature search strategies for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p id="niceng154er14.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appbtab1" class="figpopup">Databases: Medline; Medline EPub Ahead of Print; and Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations</a></p><p id="niceng154er14.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appbtab2" class="figpopup">Databases: Embase; and Embase Classic</a></p><p id="niceng154er14.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appbtab3" class="figpopup">Databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; and Health Technology Assessment</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence study selection</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appc.s1"><h4>Clinical study selection for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p id="niceng154er14.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK555682/figure/niceng154er14.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. Flow diagram of clinical article selection for review question, what is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appd.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p id="niceng154er14.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK555682/bin/niceng154er14-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 4. Clinical evidence tables for included studies</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 342K)</span></p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appe.s1"><h4>Forest plots for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p>No meta-analysis was carried out for this review; therefore, there are no forest plots.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appf.s1"><h4>GRADE table for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p id="niceng154er14.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 5. Clinical evidence profile for medium amino acid and low phosphate versus low amino acid and low phosphate</a></p><p id="niceng154er14.appf.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appftab2" class="figpopup">Table 6. Clinical evidence profile for high amino acid and low phosphate versus medium amino acid and low phosphate</a></p><p id="niceng154er14.appf.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appftab3" class="figpopup">Table 7. Clinical evidence profile for high amino acid and low phosphate versus low amino acid and low phosphate</a></p><p id="niceng154er14.appf.tab4"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appftab4" class="figpopup">Table 8. Clinical evidence profile for low amino acid and high phosphate versus high amino acid and low phosphate</a></p><p id="niceng154er14.appf.tab5"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appftab5" class="figpopup">Table 9. Clinical evidence profile for low amino acid and high phosphate versus high amino acid and high phosphate</a></p><p id="niceng154er14.appf.tab6"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appftab6" class="figpopup">Table 10. Clinical evidence profile for high amino acid and high phosphate versus high amino acid and low phosphate</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appg.s1"><h4>Economic evidence study selection for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p>One global search was conducted for all review questions. See <a href="/books/NBK555682/bin/niceng154er14_bm4.pdf">supplementary material D</a> for further information.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><div id="niceng154er14.apph.s1"><h4>Economic evidence tables for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p>No economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Economic evidence profiles</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appi.s1"><h4>Health economic evidence profiles for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p>No economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Economic analysis</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appj.s1"><h4>Health economic analysis for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p>No economic analysis was conducted for this review question.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appk.s1"><h4>Excluded studies for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><div id="niceng154er14.appk.s1.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><p id="niceng154er14.appk.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er14appktab1" class="figpopup">Table 11. Excluded clinical studies and reasons for exclusion</a></p></div><div id="niceng154er14.appk.s1.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>No economic evidence was identified for this review question. See <a href="/books/NBK555682/bin/niceng154er14_bm4.pdf">supplementary document D</a> for further information.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng154er14.appl"><h3>Appendix L. Research recommendations</h3><div id="niceng154er14.appl.s1"><h4>Research recommendations for review question: What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</h4><p>No research recommendations were made for this review question.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews</p><p>These evidence reviews were developed by the National Guideline Alliance which is part of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer:</b> The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK555682</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32282158" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32282158</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14tab1"><div id="niceng154er14.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng154er14.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng154er14.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Babies born preterm, up to 28 days after their due birth date (preterm babies)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Babies born at term, up to 28 days after their birth (term babies)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng154er14.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng154er14.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ratio of phosphate and amino acid</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng154er14.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng154er14.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other ratios of phosphate and amino acid</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng154er14.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng154er14.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Metabolic bone disease of prematurity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Fractures</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Growth/Anthropometric measures:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight gain (g/kg/d)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Linear growth</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Head circumference (mm)</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse effects of PN:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypercalcaemia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypercalciuria</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hyperphospataemia (high blood level of phosphate)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypophosphataemia</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
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<b>Important</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">PN: parenteral nutrition</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14tab2"><div id="niceng154er14.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention1<sup>*</sup></th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention 2<sup>*</sup></th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison<sup>*</sup></th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1">Bonsante 2013</a>
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<sup>*</sup>
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</p>
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<p>Observational study</p>
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<p>France</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>N=154</p>
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<p>Preterm babies born < 33 weeks gestational age and hospitalised within 6 hours of life in the NICU</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<u>Group (MAA; n=53)</u>
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</p>
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<p>Babies received PN moderate in amino acids (1.5-2 g/kg/day).</p>
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<p>Mean phosphate intake 19.9 mg/kg/day (SD 13.9). This is equivalent to 0.6 mmol/kg/day.</p>
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<p>Mean calcium intake 49.3 mg/kg/day (SD 8.6); This is equivalent to 1.23 mmol/kg/day.</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<u>Group (HAA; n=53)</u>
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</p>
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<p>Babies received parenteral nutrition high in amino acids (>2 g/kg/day).</p>
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<p>Mean Phosphate intake 21.4 mg/kg/d (SD 14.6).</p>
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<p>This is equivalent to 0.64 mmol/kg/day.</p>
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<p>Mean calcium intake 50.3 mg/kg/day (SD 7.7). This is equivalent to 1,26 mmol/kg/day.</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<u>Group (LAA; n=48)</u>
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</p>
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<p>Babies received PN low in amino acids (<1.5 g/kg/day).</p>
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<p>Mean phosphate intake 15.8 mg/kg/day (SD 13.6). This is equivalent to 0.47mmol/kg/day.</p>
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<p>Mean calcium intake 46.7 mg/kg/day (SD 13.1).</p>
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<p>This is equivalent to 1.16 mmol/kg/day.</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe hypophosphataemia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Severe hypercalcaemia</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Minimal enteral feeding by breast milk was started on day one of life, and continued for at least 4 days in babies having PN.</p>
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<p>When partial PN was administered, enteral nutrition was started on day 1 at 20 ml/kg/day and increased daily over the week.</p>
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<p>Initial amount and rate of amino acid increase decided by the prescribing physician, based on a written protocol.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref2">Moe 2015</a>
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</p>
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<p>Observational study</p>
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<p>Denmark</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>N=186</p>
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<p>Preterm babies with a gestational age of <28 weeks</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<u>Group one (n=62)</u>
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</p>
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<p>high levels of phosphate (1.2 to 1.3 mmol per day) and low levels of amino acids (2 to 2.1 g per day)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<u>Group three (n=62)</u>
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</p>
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<p>high levels of both phosphate (1.08 to 1.18 mmol per day) and amino acids (2.4 to 3.1g per day)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>
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<u>Group two (n=62)</u>
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</p>
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<p>low levels of phosphate (0.07 to 1 mmol per day) and high levels of amino acids (2.8 to 3.1 g per day)</p>
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<p><sup>*</sup> In groups 2 and 3, phosphate intakes given are approximate, as babies were given additional phosphate supplementation in PN to correct hypophosphataemia in this group</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean weight change (z-score) from day 1 to 29</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mean weight z-score on days, 8, 15, 22 and 29</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.tab2_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Participants were divided into three groups:</p>
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<p><u>Group one:</u> PN solution prior to October 2011</p>
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<p><u>Group two:</u> new PN solution based on ESPHGAN recommendations on increased protein supplementation (October 2011)</p>
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<p><u>Group three:</u> new PN solution introduced in November 2012</p>
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<p>Fat and additives were introduced to the three different PN solutions at different time points.</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>*</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin"><a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1" rid="niceng154er14.s1.1.ref1">Bonsante 2013</a> reported phosphate as mg/kg/d which is not commonly used in as a unit measure in the UK. Therefore we have provided the conversion to mmol/kg/d in this table. ESPHGAN: European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; HAA: high amino acids; MAA: medium amino acids; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; PN: parenteral nutrition; SD: standard deviation.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appatab1"><div id="niceng154er14.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Review protocol – optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a></th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">What is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Inadequate amounts of calcium and phosphate delivered via PN may contribute to bone disease in preterm and term babies. Delivery of calcium and phosphate should be adequate to achieve retention of amounts which match those in utero, but at a concentration that does not result in adverse events. The aim of this review is to determine the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acids in preterm and term babies who are receiving PN</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/doma in</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Babies born preterm, up to 28 days after their due birth date (preterm babies)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Babies born at term, up to 28 days after their birth (term babies).</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Ratio of phosphate and amino acid</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other ratios of phosphate and amino acid</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical</b>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Metabolic bone disease of prematurity</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Fractures</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Growth/Anthropometric measures:</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight gain (g/kg/d)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Linear growth</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Head circumference (mm)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse effects of PN:</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypercalcaemia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypercalciuria</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hyperphosphataemia (high blood level of phosphate)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypophosphataemia</div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Important</b>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Only published full text papers:</p>
|
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<p>Systematic reviews of RCTs</p>
|
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<p>RCTs</p>
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<p>Comparative cohort studies (only if RCTs unavailable or limited data to inform decision making)</p>
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<p>Conference abstracts will only be considered if related to RCTs</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>No sample size restriction</p>
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<p>No date restriction</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Subgroup analysis:</p>
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<p>Population subgroups:</p>
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<p>Age of baby (first 2 weeks vs later)</p>
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<p>Preterm (extremely preterm <28 weeks’ GA; very preterm: 28-31 weeks’ GA; moderately preterm: 32-36 weeks’ GA)</p>
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<p>Birthweight: Low birth weight (< 2500g); very low birth weight (< 1500g) and extremely low birth weight (< 1000g)</p>
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<p>Critically ill babies or those requiring surgery (for example, inotropic support, therapeutic hypothermia or fluid restriction)</p>
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<p>First week of life and after first week of life?</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Sifting, data extraction, appraisal of methodological quality and GRADE assessment will be performed by the systematic reviewer. Quality control will be performed by the senior systematic reviewer.</p>
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<p>A random sample of the references identified in the search will be sifted by a second reviewer. This sample size will be 10% of the total, or 100 studies if the search identifies fewer than 1000 studies. All disagreements in study inclusion will be discussed and resolved between the two reviewers. The senior systematic reviewer or guideline lead will be involved if discrepancies cannot be resolved between the two reviewers.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
<p>Pairwise meta-analyses, if possible, will be performed using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
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<p>‘GRADEpro’ will be used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
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<p>NGA STAR software will be used for generating bibliographies/citations, study sifting, data extraction and recording quality assessment using checklists (ROBIS (systematic reviews and meta-analyses); Cochrane risk of bias tool (RCTs or comparative cohort studies); Cochrane risk of bias tool (Non-randomised studies); Newcastle-Ottawa scale (Non-comparative studies)).</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>Sources to be searched: Medline, Medline In-Process, CCTR, CDSR, DARE, HTA, Embase.</p>
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<p>Limits (e.g. date, study design): All study designs. Apply standard animal/non-English language filters. No date limit.</p>
|
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<p>Supplementary search techniques: No supplementary search techniques were used.</p>
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<p>See <a href="#niceng154er14.appb">appendix B</a> for full strategies.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This is not an update</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>Developer: The National Guideline Alliance</p>
|
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<p>Guideline website:</p>
|
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<p><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10037" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10037</a>.</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a> 2014.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#niceng154er14.appb">appendix B</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#niceng154er14.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#niceng154er14.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#niceng154er14.appb">appendix B</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a> 2014.</p>
|
|
<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a></p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis (where suitable)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a> 2014.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details of the methods please see <a href="/books/NBK555682/bin/niceng154er14_bm3.pdf">supplementary material C</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a> 2014.</p>
|
|
<p>If sufficient relevant RCT evidence is available, publication bias will be explored using RevMan software to examine funnel plots.</p>
|
|
<p>Trial registries will be examined to identify missing evidence: Clinical <a href="http://trials.gov" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">trials<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gov</a>, NIHR Clinical Trials Gateway.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Assessment of confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a> 2014.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – Current management</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the introduction to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the guideline. The committee was convened by The National Guideline Alliance and chaired by Joe Fawke (Consultant Neonatologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust), in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a> 2014.</p>
|
|
<p>Staff from The National Guideline Alliance, undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details of the methods please see <a href="/books/NBK555682/bin/niceng154er14_bm3.pdf">supplementary material C</a>.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The National Guideline Alliance is funded by NICE and hosted by The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds the National Guideline Alliance to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health, and social care in England.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This review is not registered with PROSPERO.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CDSR: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; CCTR: Cochrane Controlled Trials Register; DARE: Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; GA: gestational age; GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; HTA: Health Technology Assessment; ICF: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; MID: minimally important difference; NGA: National Guideline Alliance; NIHR: National Institute for Health Research; NHS: National health service; NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; PRISMA-P: preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols; RCT: randomised controlled trial; RoB: risk of bias; ROBIS: risk of bias in systematic reviews; SD: standard deviation</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appbtab1"><div id="niceng154er14.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Databases: Medline; Medline EPub Ahead of Print; and Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INFANT, NEWBORN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(neonat$ or newborn$ or new-born$ or baby or babies).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PREMATURE BIRTH/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm$ or pre-term$ or prematur$ or pre-matur$) adj5 (birth? or born)).ab,ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp INFANT, PREMATURE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm$ or pre-term$ or prematur$ or pre-matur$) adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre#mie? or premie or premies).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$ adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((LBW or VLBW) adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INTENSIVE CARE, NEONATAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, NEONATAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICU?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PARENTERAL NUTRITION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PARENTERAL NUTRITION, TOTAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PARENTERAL NUTRITION SOLUTIONS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ADMINISTRATION, INTRAVENOUS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INFUSIONS, INTRAVENOUS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp CATHETERIZATION, PERIPHERAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(parenteral$ or intravenous$ or intra-venous$ or IV or venous$ or infusion?).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((peripheral$ or central$) adj3 (line? or catheter$)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drip?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/15-24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 calcium).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((mmol? or ml) adj3 (d or day) adj5 calcium).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 (Phosph$ or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((mmol? or ml) adj3 (d or day) adj5 (Phosph$ or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CALCIUM/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CALCIUM, DIETARY/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp PHOSPHATES/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHOSPHORUS/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHOSPHORUS, DIETARY/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/26-34</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp AMINO ACIDS/ and ratio?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ratio? adj10 (amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp PHOSPHATES/ and ratio?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHOSPHORUS/ and ratio?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHOSPHORUS, DIETARY/ and ratio?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ratio? adj10 (Phosph$ or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(percent$ adj10 (Phosph$ or amino acid?)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(percent$ adj5 feed$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/36-43</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp AMINO ACIDS/ and (exp PHOSPHATES/ or PHOSPHORUS/ or PHOSPHORUS, DIETARY/)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid) adj5 (Phosph$ or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/45-46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 and 25 and 35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 and 25 and 44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 and 25 and 47</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/48-50</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 51 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LETTER/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">EDITORIAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEWS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp HISTORICAL ARTICLE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANECDOTES AS TOPIC/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">COMMENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CASE REPORT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/53-60</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61 not 62</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMALS/ not HUMANS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMALS, LABORATORY/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp MODELS, ANIMAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp RODENTIA/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/63-69</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52 not 70</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appbtab2"><div id="niceng154er14.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Databases: Embase; and Embase Classic</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEWBORN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(neonat$ or newborn$ or new-born$ or baby or babies).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PREMATURITY/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm$ or pre-term$ or prematur$ or pre-matur$) adj5 (birth? or born)).ab,ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm$ or pre-term$ or prematur$ or pre-matur$) adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre#mie? or premie or premies).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp LOW BIRTH WEIGHT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$ adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((LBW or VLBW) adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICU?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1-12</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PARENTERAL NUTRITION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PERIPHERAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PARENTERAL SOLUTIONS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INTRAVENOUS FEEDING/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp INTRAVENOUS CATHETER/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(parenteral$ or intravenous$ or intra-venous$ or IV or venous$ or infusion?).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((peripheral$ or central$) adj3 (line? or catheter$)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drip?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/14-23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 calcium).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((mmol? or ml) adj3 (d or day) adj5 calcium).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 (Phosph$ or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((mmol? or ml) adj3 (d or day) adj5 (Phosph$ or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CALCIUM/ad, do [Drug Administration, Drug Dose]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CALCIUM INTAKE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHOSPHATE/ad, do [Drug Administration, Drug Dose]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHOSPHORUS/ad, do [Drug Administration, Drug Dose]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHOSPHATE INTAKE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/25-33</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp *AMINO ACIDS/ and ratio?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ratio? adj10 (amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHOSPHATE/ and ratio?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHOSPHORUS/ and ratio?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PHOSPHATE INTAKE/ and ratio?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ratio? adj10 (Phosph$ or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(percent$ adj10 (Phosph$ or amino acid?)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(percent$ adj5 feed$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/35-42</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp AMINO ACIDS/ and (PHOSPHATE/ or PHOSPHORUS/ or PHOSPHATE INTAKE/)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid) adj5 (Phosph$ or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/44-45</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 and 24 and 34</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 and 24 and 43</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 and 24 and 46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/47-49</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 50 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or LETTER/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CASE REPORT/ or CASE STUDY/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/52-56</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57 not 58</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMAL/ not HUMAN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NONHUMAN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMAL EXPERIMENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMAL MODEL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp RODENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/59-66</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51 not 67</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appbtab3"><div id="niceng154er14.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; and Health Technology Assessment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INFANT, NEWBORN] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(neonat* or newborn* or new-born* or baby or babies):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PREMATURE BIRTH] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm* or pre-term* or prematur* or pre-matur*) near/5 (birth? or born)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INFANT, PREMATURE] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm* or pre-term* or prematur* or pre-matur*) near/5 infan*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre#mie? or premie or premies):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low near/3 birth near/3 weigh* near/5 infan*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((LBW or VLBW) near/5 infan*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INTENSIVE CARE, NEONATAL] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, NEONATAL] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICU?:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PARENTERAL NUTRITION] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PARENTERAL NUTRITION, TOTAL] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PARENTERAL NUTRITION SOLUTIONS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [ADMINISTRATION, INTRAVENOUS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INFUSIONS, INTRAVENOUS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [CATHETERIZATION, PERIPHERAL] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(parenteral* or intravenous* or intra-venous* or IV or venous* or infusion?):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((peripheral* or central*) near/3 (line? or catheter*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drip?:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23 or #24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal* or Optimis* or Requir* or Target? or Rate? or Increment* or Safe* or Efficacy or Initiat* or Start* or Introduc* or Receiv* or Administer*) near/5 calcium):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((mmol? or ml) near/3 (d or day) near/5 calcium):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal* or Optimis* or Requir* or Target? or Rate? or Increment* or Safe* or Efficacy or Initiat* or Start* or Introduc* or Receiv* or Administer*) near/5 (Phosph* or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((mmol? or ml) near/3 (d or day) near/5 (Phosph* or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [CALCIUM] this term only and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [CALCIUM, DIETARY] this term only and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PHOSPHATES] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PHOSPHORUS] this term only and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PHOSPHORUS, DIETARY] this term only and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26 or #27 or #28 or #29 or #30 or #31 or #32 or #33 or #34</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [AMINO ACIDS] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ratio?:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#36 and #37</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ratio? near/10 (amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PHOSPHATES] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PHOSPHORUS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PHOSPHORUS, DIETARY] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#40 or #41 or #42</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ratio?:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#43 and #44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(ratio? near/10 (Phosph* or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(percent* near/10 (Phosph* or amino acid?)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(percent* near/5 feed*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#38 or #39 or #45 or #46 or #47 or #48</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [AMINO ACIDS] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PHOSPHATES] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PHOSPHORUS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PHOSPHORUS, DIETARY] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#51 or #52 or #53</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#50 and #54</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid) near/5 (Phosph* or Apatite? or Hydroxyapatite? or Durapatite or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Polyphosphate? or Diphosphate? or Calcium Pyrophosphate or Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate or Tin Polyphosphate? or Struvite)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#55 or #56</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14 and #25 and #35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14 and #25 and #49</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14 and #25 and #57</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#58 or #59 or #60</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng154er14appcfig1"><div id="niceng154er14.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20Flow%20diagram%20of%20clinical%20article%20selection%20for%20review%20question%2C%20what%20is%20the%20optimal%20ratio%20of%20phosphate%20to%20amino%20acid%20in%20preterm%20and%20term%20babies%20who%20are%20receiving%20parenteral%20nutrition%20and%20neonatal%20care%3F&p=BOOKS&id=555682_niceng154er14appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK555682/bin/niceng154er14appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. Flow diagram of clinical article selection for review question, what is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?" class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">Flow diagram of clinical article selection for review question, what is the optimal ratio of phosphate to amino acid in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appftab1"><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile for medium amino acid and low phosphate versus low amino acid and low phosphate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Medium AA and low Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Low AA and low Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe hypercalcaemia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/53</p>
|
|
<p>(15.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/48</p>
|
|
<p>(6.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2.42 (0.68 to 8.58)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">89 more per 1000 (from 20 fewer to 474 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe hypophosphataemia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/53</p>
|
|
<p>(5.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>0/48</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 6.99 (0.71 to 68.96)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AA: amino acid; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; Ph: phosphate; RR: risk ratio</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Very serious risk of bias due to observational cohort design, study groups were not adjusted on potential confounding factors (nutritional intake, enteral feeding, birth-weight, and gestational age), outcome assessors were not blinded, and the type and amount of PN prescribed was not based in a pre-specified protocol (i.e. it was prescribed by a physician and the outcome assessors were not blinded).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 2 due to very serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses two default MID for dichotomous outcomes (0.80 and 1.25).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded for risk of serious imprecision due to low event rate</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appftab2"><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 6</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile for high amino acid and low phosphate versus medium amino acid and low phosphate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appf.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">High AA and low Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Medium AA and low Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe hypercalcaemia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/53</p>
|
|
<p>(30.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/53</p>
|
|
<p>(15.1%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 2 (0.94 to 4.27)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">151 more per 1000 (from 9 fewer to 494 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe hypophosphataemia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>10/53</p>
|
|
<p>(18.9%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/53</p>
|
|
<p>(5.7%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 3.33 (0.97 to 11.44)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">132 more per 1000 (from 2 fewer to 591 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AA: amino acid; CI: confidence interval; Ph: phosphate; RR: risk ratio.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab2_1"><p class="no_margin">Very serious risk of bias due to observational cohort design, study groups were not adjusted on potential confounding factors (nutritional intake, enteral feeding, birth-weight, and gestational age), outcome assessors were not blinded, and the type and amount of PN prescribed was not based in a pre-specified protocol (i.e. it was prescribed by a physician and the outcome assessors were not blinded).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab2_2"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for dichotomous outcomes (0.80 or 1.25).</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appftab3"><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 7</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile for high amino acid and low phosphate versus low amino acid and low phosphate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appf.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">High AA and low Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Low AA and low Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe hypercalcaemia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>16/53</p>
|
|
<p>(30.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>3/48</p>
|
|
<p>(6.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RR 4.83 (1.5 to 15.56)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">239 more per 1000 (from 31 more to 910 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Severe hypophosphataemia</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>10/53</p>
|
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<p>(18.9%)</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>0/48</p>
|
|
<p>(0%)</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Peto OR 8.12 (2.21 to 29.82)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AA: amino acid; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; Ph: phosphate; RR: risk ratio.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab3_1"><p class="no_margin">Very serious risk of bias due to observational cohort design, study groups were not adjusted on potential confounding factors (nutritional intake, enteral feeding, birth-weight, and gestational age), outcome assessors were not blinded, and the type and amount of PN prescribed was not based in a pre-specified protocol (i.e. it was prescribed by a physician and the outcome assessors were not blinded).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab3_2"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded for risk of serious imprecision due to low event rate</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appftab4"><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab4" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 8</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile for low amino acid and high phosphate versus high amino acid and low phosphate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab4/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appf.tab4_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Low AA and high Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">High AA and low Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change (z-score) from day 1 to 29 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.07 higher (0.23 lower to 0.37 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 8 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.06 higher (0.25 lower to 0.37 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 15 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.12 lower (17.79 lower to 17.55 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 22 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.19 higher (0.11 lower to 0.49 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 29 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.3 higher (0.02 lower to 0.62 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AA: amino acid; CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; Ph: phosphate</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab4_1"><p class="no_margin">Very serious risk of bias due to retrospective observational study design; co-interventions (glycophos supplementation) not balanced across three groups); unclear whether outcome assessors were blinded, but unlikely due to safety reasons).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab4_2"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 2 due to very serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses both default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 x SD control at baseline (−0.52, 0.52).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab4_3"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 x SD control at baseline (0.46).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab4_4"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 x SD control at baseline (0.49).</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appftab5"><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab5" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 9</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile for low amino acid and high phosphate versus high amino acid and high phosphate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab5/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appf.tab5_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Low AA and high Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">High AA and high Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change (z-score) from day 1 to 29 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.16 lower (0.43 lower to 0.11 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 8 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.08 lower (0.37 lower to 0.21 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 15 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.03 higher (0.25 lower to 0.31 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 22 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.17 higher (0.12 lower to 0.46 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 29 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.19 higher (0.1 lower to 0.48 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AA: amino acid; CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; Ph: phosphate.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab5_1"><p class="no_margin">Very serious risk of bias due to retrospective observational study design; co-interventions (glycophos supplementation) not balanced across three groups); unclear whether outcome assessors were blinded, but unlikely due to safety reasons).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab5_2"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 x SD control at baseline (−0.39).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab5_3"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 x SD control at baseline (0.43).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab5_4"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 x SD control at baseline (0.40).</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appftab6"><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab6" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 10</span><span class="title">Clinical evidence profile for high amino acid and high phosphate versus high amino acid and low phosphate</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appf.tab6/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appf.tab6_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">High AA and high Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">High AA and low Ph</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight change (z-score) from day 1 to 29 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.23 higher (0.07 lower to 0.53 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 8 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.11 higher (0.2 lower to 0.42 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 15 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.15 lower (0.49 lower to 0.19 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 22 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.02 higher (0.29 lower to 0.33 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
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<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Weight z-score - Day 29 (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 0.11 higher (0.2 lower to 0.42 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AA: amino acid; CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; Ph: phosphate.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab6_1"><p class="no_margin">Very serious risk of bias due to retrospective observational study design; co-interventions (glycophos supplementation) not balanced across three groups); unclear whether outcome assessors were blinded, but unlikely due to safety reasons).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er14.appf.tab6_2"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 x SD control at baseline (0.47).</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er14appktab1"><div id="niceng154er14.appk.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 11</span><span class="title">Excluded clinical studies and reasons for exclusion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555682/table/niceng154er14.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er14.appk.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Aiken, G., Lenney, W., Calcium and phosphate content of intravenous feeding regimens for very low birthweight infants, Archives of disease in childhood, 61, 495–501, 1986 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1777804/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1777804</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3087298" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3087298</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Included in review of optimal calcium and phosphate doses.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Aiken, C. G., Sherwood, R. A., Kenney, I. J., Furnell, M., Lenney, W., Mineral balance studies in sick preterm intravenously fed infants during the first week after birth. A guide to fluid therapy, Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. Supplement, 355, 1–59, 1989 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2512760" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2512760</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study does not provide adequate data for analysis.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Aiken, C. G., Sherwood, R. A., Lenney, W., Role of plasma phosphate measurements in detecting rickets of prematurity and in monitoring treatment, Annals of clinical biochemistry, 30 (Pt 5), 469–75, 1993 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8250499" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8250499</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - participants also received enteral feeding.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Aladangady, N., Coen, P. G., White, M. P., Rae, M. D., Beattie, T. J., Urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate in preterm infants, Pediatric Nephrology, 19, 1225–1231, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15349762" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15349762</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - participants also received enteral nutrition.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Allwood, M. C., The compatibility of calcium phosphate in paediatric TPN infusions, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 12, 293–301, 1987 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3119607" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3119607</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - objectives of the review are not relevant to the protocol (solubility)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Andronikou, S., Rothberg, A. D., Pettifor, J. M., Thomson, P. D., Early introduction of parenteral nutrition in premature infants and its effect on calcium and phosphate homeostasis, South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 64, 349–51, 1983 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6412376" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6412376</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design and outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - prospective comparative study but the allocation was made arbitrarily. Compared AA against Ca-dextrose.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Ardicli, B., Karnak, I., Ciftci, A. O., Ozen, H., Tanyel, F. C., Senocak, M. E., Composition of parenteral nutrition solution affects the time of occurrence but not the incidence of cholestasis in surgical infants, Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 56, 500–506, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26022585" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26022585</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - retrospective case control design.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Atkinson, S. A., Calcium and phosphorus requirements of low birth weight infants: a nutritional and endocrinological perspective, Nutrition reviews, 41, 69–78, 1983 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6405330" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6405330</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not a systematic review of RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Awad, H. A., Fand, T. M., Khafagy, S. M., Nofal, R. I., Bone mineral content measured by DEXA scan in preterm neonates receiving total parentral nutrition with and without phosphorus supplementation, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 13, 891–895, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23350162" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23350162</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design and outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - case-control design - compares phosphorous to non-phosphorous control; unable to assess optimal dosage.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bentur, L., Alon, U., Berant, M., Bone and mineral homeostasis in the preterm infant: A review, Pediatric Reviews and Communications, 1, 291–310, 1987
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - Not a systematic review of RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Berg, G., Recommendations for parenteral nutrition, Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenschaft. Journal of nutritional sciences. Supplementa, 9, 1–40, 1970 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4998266" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4998266</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - recommendations of practice.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Berry, M. A., Conrod, H., Usher, R. H., Growth of very premature infants fed intravenous hyperalimentation and calcium-supplemented formula, Pediatrics, 100, 647–653, 1997 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9310519" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9310519</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - Not an RCT or comparative cohort study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bloomfield, F. H., Crowther, C. A., Harding, J. E., Conlon, C. A., Jiang, Y., Cormack, B. E., The ProVIDe study: The impact of protein intravenous nutrition on development in extremely low birthweight babies, BMC Pediatrics, 15, 2015 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4549896/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4549896</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26307566" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26307566</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design and outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - protocol of RCT - the arms of the RCT do not accommodate the objectives of the review (AA vs placebo).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bolisetty, S., Osborn, D., Sinn, J., Lui, K., Kent, A., Trivedi, A., Yaacou, D., Morris, S., Marshall, P., Birch, P., Corban, J., Natthondan, V., Ching, S. K., Wake, C., Vaidya, U., Tobiansky, R., Pazanin, N., Tan, K., Downe, L., Deshpande, G., Paoli, T. D., Colvin, J., Ravindranathan, H., Gupta, N., Gibney, D., Luig, M., Ng, K., Pham, T., McPhee, A., Standardised neonatal parenteral nutrition formulations - an Australasian group consensus 2012, BMC Pediatrics, 14, 48, 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3996091/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3996091</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24548745" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24548745</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design and outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - literature review - consensus group - refers to optimal dosages of Ca and P.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Boubred, F., Herlenius, E., Bartocci, M., Jonsson, B., Vanpee, M., Extremely preterm infants who are small for gestational age have a high risk of early hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 104, 1077–1083, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26100071" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26100071</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - observational cohort design not a RCT.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Boullata, J. I., Gilbert, K., Sacks, G., Labossiere, R. J., Crill, C., Goday, P., Kumpf, V. J., Mattox, T. W., Plogsted, S., Holcombe, B., Compher, C., A.S.P.E.N. Clinical guidelines: Parenteral nutrition ordering, order review, compounding, labeling, and dispensing, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 38, 334–377, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24531708" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24531708</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - clinical guidelines.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Brener Dik, P. H., Galletti, M. F., Bacigalupo, L. T., Jonusas, S. F., Mariani, G. L., Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia among preterm infants receiving aggressive parenteral nutrition, Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria, 116, e371–e377, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29756708" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29756708</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - non-randomised comparative study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Brown, D. R., Salsburey, D. J., Short-term biochemical effects of parenteral calcium treatment of early-onset neonatal hypocalcemia, The Journal of pediatrics, 100, 777–81, 1982 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7069542" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7069542</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - cross-sectional study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Brown, D. R., Steranka, B. H., Taylor, F. H., Treatment of early-onset neonatal hypocalcemia. Effects on serum calcium and ionized calcium, American journal of diseases of children (1960), 135, 24–8, 1981 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7457440" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7457440</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Does not address any of the outcomes specified in the protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bustos Lozano, Gerardo, Soriano-Ramos, Maria, Pinilla Martin, Maria Teresa, Chumillas Calzada, Silvia, Garcia Soria, Carmen Elia, Pallas-Alonso, Carmen Rosa, Early Hypophosphatemia in High-Risk Preterm Infants: Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Glycerophosphate From First Day on Parenteral Nutrition, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 43, 419–425, 2019 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30070716" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30070716</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - non-randomised comparative study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Castillo, Salinas F, Clinical efficacy of organic phosphorus in newborns who require parenteral nutrition, Revista espanola de pediatria, 69, 312–318, 2013
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-English publication (full text in Spanish).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Changaris, D. G., Purohit, D. M., Balentine, J. D., Levkoff, A. H., Holden, A. E., Dean, D. L., Jr., Biggs, P. J., Brain calcification in severely stressed neonates receiving parenteral calcium, The Journal of pediatrics, 104, 941–6, 1984 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6427438" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6427438</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chessex, P., Pineault, M., Brisson, G., Delvin, E. E., Glorieux, F. H., Role of the source of phosphate salt in improving the mineral balance of parenterally fed low birth weight infants, The Journal of pediatrics, 116, 765–72, 1990 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2109792" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2109792</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - testing solubility of plasma for Ca and P.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chessex, P., Pineault, M., Zebiche, H., Ayotte, R. A., Calciuria in parenterally fed preterm infants: role of phosphorus intake, The Journal of pediatrics, 107, 794–6, 1985 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3932630" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3932630</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - non-comparative prospective cohort.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chetta, K. E., Hair, A. B., Hawthorne, K. M., Abrams, S. A., Serum phosphorus levels in premature infants receiving a donor human milk derived fortifier, Nutrients, 7, 2562–2573, 2015 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4425161/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4425161</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25912036" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25912036</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - observational cohort study - does not directly compare Ca and P.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Christmann, V., De Grauw, A. M., Visser, R., Matthijsse, R. P., Van Goudoever, J. B., Van Heijst, A. F. J., Early postnatal calcium and phosphorus metabolism in preterm infants, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 58, 398–403, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24253367" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24253367</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - non-comparative prospective cohort study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Christmann, V., Gradussen, C. J. W., Kornmann, M. N., Roeleveld, N., van Goudoever, J. B., van Heijst, A. F. J., Changes in biochemical parameters of the calcium-phosphorus homeostasis in relation to nutritional intake in very-low-birth-weight infants, Nutrients, 8 (12) (no pagination), 2016 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5188419/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5188419</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27916815" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27916815</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - participants receive both enteral and parenteral nutrition.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Christmann, V., van der Putten, M. E., Rodwell, L., Steiner, K., Gotthardt, M., van Goudoever, J. B., van Heijst, A. F. J., Effect of early nutritional intake on long-term growth and bone mineralization of former very low birth weight infants, Bone, 108, 89–97, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29289790" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29289790</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not RCT (observational cohort study)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Colonna, F., Candusso, M., De Vonderweid, U., Marinoni, S., Gazzola, A. M., Calcium and phosphorus balance in very low birth weight babies on total parenteral nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, 9, 89–95, 1990 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16837338" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16837338</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - assesses maturation/tolerability/ and retention of Ca and P in PN patients.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cooper, L. J., Anast, C. S., Circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels in premature infants and the response to calcium therapy, Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 74, 669–673, 1985 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4050412" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4050412</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">There is no randomisation. prospective comparative study - does not address the outcomes reported to the protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
De Schepper, J., Cools, F., Vandenplas, Y., Louis, O., Whole body bone mineral content is similar at discharge from the hospital in premature infants receiving fortified breast milk or preterm formula, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 41, 230–234, 2005 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16056105" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16056105</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study intervention does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - oral feeding.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dear, P. R. F., Total parenteral nutrition of the newborn, Care of the Critically Ill, 8, 252–257, 1992
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not a systematic review of RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dilena, B. A., White, G. H., The responses of plasma ionised calcium and intact parathyrin to calcium supplementation in preterm infants, Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 80, 1098–1100, 1991 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1750347" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1750347</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - assesses whole blood ionised.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dreyfus, Lelia, Fischer Fumeaux, Celine Julie, Remontet, Laurent, Essomo Megnier Mbo Owono, Murielle Christine, Laborie, Sophie, Maucort-Boulch, Delphine, Claris, Olivier, Low phosphatemia in extremely low birth weight neonates: A risk factor for hyperglycemia?, Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 35, 1059–65, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26302852" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26302852</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design and intervention do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - retrospective cohort - EN and PN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Enomoto, M., Minami, H., Takano, T., Katayama, Y., Lee, Y. K., High-dose calcium reduces early-onset hyperkalemia in extremely preterm neonates, Pediatrics International, 54, 918–922, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22924991" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22924991</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - retrospective cohort not an RCT.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Forsythe, R. M., Wessel, C. B., Billiar, T. R., Angus, D. C., Rosengart, M. R., Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4) (no pagination), 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18843706" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18843706</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gaio, P., Fantinato, M., Daverio, M., Nardo, D., Favero, V., Meneghelli, M., De Terlizzi, F., Verlato, G., Bone status in preterm infants: Influences of maternal factors and nutritional regimens, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 62, 707, 2016
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design and objectives do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not an RCT (prospective, experimental study) - other than reviews’ objectives.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Genoni, G., Binotti, M., Monzani, A., Bernascone, E., Stasi, I., Bona, G., Ferrero, F., Nonrandomised interventional study showed that early aggressive nutrition was effective in reducing postnatal growth restriction in preterm infants, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 106, 1589–1595, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28632972" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28632972</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design and intervention do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - prospective, non-randomised study - PN and EN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Giapros, V., Vantziou, S., Cholevas, V., Challa, A., Andronikou, S., Effect of intravenous phosphate on the red cell phosphate metabolites of the preterm infant, Nutrition Research, 21, 71–79, 2001
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study comparator does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - control group was enterally fed.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Glenn, S. R., Finch, C., DellaValle, D. M., Taylor, S., Parenteral nutrition in extremely low birth weight infants: Increased phosphorus and early potassium delivery, Journal of Investigative Medicine, 67, 518–519, 2019
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract only.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Green, J., Burgess, L., Morgan, C., Insulin treated hyperglycaemia, hyperalimentation and metabolic changes associated with growth in very preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 99, A208, 2014
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - other than the objectives of the review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Green, J., McGowan, P., Hyperalimentation and electrolyte requirements in very preterm infants: A randomised controlled parenteral nutrition study, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 99, A6, 2014
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract only. Did not assess outcomes of interest.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Green, J., McGowan, P., Morgan, C., Hyperalimentation and electrolyte requirements in very preterm infants: The randomised controlled scamp nutrition study, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 99, A58, 2014
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - other than the objectives of the review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Guellec, I., Gascoin, G., Beuchee, A., Boubred, F., Tourneux, P., Ramful, D., Zana-Taieb, E., Baud, O., Biological Impact of Recent Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Infants, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, 61, 605–9, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26147627" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26147627</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not a systematic review of RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hair, A. B., Chetta, K. E., Bruno, A. M., Hawthorne, K. M., Abrams, S. A., Delayed introduction of parenteral phosphorus is associated with hypercalcemia in extremely preterm infants, Journal of Nutrition, 146, 1212–1216, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27146915" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27146915</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not an RCT; addresses some of the outcomes of interest and the different ratios between Ca and P, however, this is not a comparison/balanced study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hanning, R. M., Atkinson, S. A., Whyte, R. K., Efficacy of calcium glycerophosphate vs conventional mineral salts for total parenteral nutrition in low-birth-weight infants: a randomized clinical trial, The American journal of clinical nutrition, 54, 903–8, 1991 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1951164" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1951164</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - does not compare directly Ca and phosphate.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hay
|
|
Jr, W. W., Intravenous nutrition of the very preterm neonate, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 94, 47–56, 2005 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16214766" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16214766</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - expert/narrative/guidance review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Heird, W. C., Winters, R. W., Total intravenous alimentation, American journal of diseases of children (1960), 126, 287–9, 1973 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4201013" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4201013</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - practice report.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hicks, W., Hardy, G., Phosphate supplementation for hypophosphataemia and parenteral nutrition, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 4, 227–233, 2001 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11517357" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11517357</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria -expert/narrative/guidance review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hoehn, G. J., Carey, D. E., Rowe, J. C., Horak, E., Raye, J. R., Alternate day infusion of calcium and phosphate in very low birth weight infants: wasting of the infused mineral, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 6, 752–7, 1987 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3121836" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3121836</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - assessed sequence not different dosages.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Iacobelli, S., Bonsante, F., Vintejoux, A., Gouyon, J. B., Standardized parenteral nutrition in preterm infants: early impact on fluid and electrolyte balance, Neonatology, 98, 84–90, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20090377" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20090377</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not an RCT (prospective comparative but does not meet the eligibility criteria).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ichikawa, G., Watabe, Y., Suzumura, H., Sairenchi, T., Muto, T., Arisaka, O., Hypophosphatemia in small for gestational age extremely low birth weight infants receiving parenteral nutrition in the first week after birth, Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 25, 317–321, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22768663" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22768663</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - retrospective review; not an RCT.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jain, Ashish, Agarwal, Ramesh, Sankar, M. Jeeva, Deorari, Ashok K., Paul, Vinod K., Hypocalcemia in the newborn, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 75, 165–9, 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18334798" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18334798</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not a systematic review of RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Johnston, I. D., Management of prolonged intravenous feeding, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 66, 770–1, 1973 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1645165/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1645165</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4200330" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4200330</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - expert/opinion review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kamali, K., Pishva, N., Deireh, E., The effects of low and high dose oral calcium and phosphor supplementation on nephrocalcinosis diagnosed by sonography in premature and low birth weight neonates, Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 39, 559–64, 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4242991/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4242991</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25429179" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25429179</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kashyap, Sudha, Is the early and aggressive administration of protein to very low birth weight infants safe and efficacious?, Current opinion in pediatrics, 20, 132–6, 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18332706" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18332706</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Khan,M.A.G., Upadhyay,A., Chikanna,S., Jaiswal,V., Efficacy of prophylactic intravenous calcium administration in first 5 days of life in high risk neonates to prevent early onset neonatal hypocalcaemia: A randomised controlled trial, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 95, F462–F463, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20584795" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20584795</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - hypocalcaemia measured.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Knight, P., Heer, D., Abdenour, G., CaxP and Ca/P in the parenteral feeding of preterm infants, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 7, 110–114, 1983 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6406695" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6406695</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Koo, W. W., Parenteral nutrition-related bone disease, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 16, 386–94, 1992 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1640640" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1640640</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Koo, W. W., Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D requirements of infants receiving parenteral nutrition, Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 8, 263–268, 1988 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3147322" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3147322</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - narrative/expert review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Koo, W. W., Tsang, R. C., Mineral requirements of low-birth-weight infants, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 10, 474–86, 1991 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1955624" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1955624</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not a systematic review of RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Koo, W. W., Tsang, R. C., Poser, J. W., Laskarzewski, P., Buckley, D., Johnson, R., Steichen, J. J., Elevated serum calcium and osteocalcin levels from calcitriol in preterm infants. A prospective randomized study, American journal of diseases of children (1960), 140, 1152–8, 1986 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3490176" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3490176</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - assesses calcitrol only.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Koo, W. W., Tsang, R. C., Steichen, J. J., Succop, P., Babcock, D., Oestreich, A. E., Noseworthy, J., Horn, J., Farrell, M. K., Parenteral nutrition for infants: effect of high versus low calcium and phosphorus content, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 6, 96–104, 1987 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3098950" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3098950</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Included in review of optimal calcium and phosphate doses,</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Koo, W. W., Tsang, R. C., Succop, P., Krug-Wispe, S. K., Babcock, D., Oestreich, A. E., Minimal vitamin D and high calcium and phosphorus needs of preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 8, 225–33, 1989 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2496213" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2496213</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Included in review of optimal calcium and phosphate doses,</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Koren,G., Zarfin,Y., Maresky,D., Spiro,T.E., MacLeod,S.M., Pharmacokinetics of intravenous clindamycin in newborn infants, Pediatric Pharmacology, 5, 287–292, 1986 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3737273" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3737273</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design and outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kreuder, J, Otten, A, Reiter, Hl, Klingmüller, V, Wolf, H, Efficacy and side effects of differential calcium and phosphate administration in prevention of osteopenia in premature infants, Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde, 138, 775–779, 1990 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2127076" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2127076</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-English publication (full text in German).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lenclen, R., Crauste-Manciet, S., Narcy, P., Boukhouna, S., Geffray, A., Guerrault, M. N., Bordet, F., Brossard, D., Assessment of implementation of a standardized parenteral formulation for early nutritional support of very preterm infants, European Journal of Pediatrics, 165, 512–518, 2006 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16622662" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16622662</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study interventions do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - compares Standard PN with individualised PN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
MacMahon, P., Blair, M. E., Treweeke, P., Kovar, I. Z., Association of mineral composition of neonatal intravenous feeding solutions and metabolic bone disease of prematurity, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 64, 489–93, 1989 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1592037/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1592037</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2499271" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2499271</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Included in review of optimal calcium and phosphate doses.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
MacMahon, P., Mayne, P. D., Blair, M., Pope, C., Kovar, I. Z., Acid-base state of the preterm infant and the formulation of intravenous feeding solutions, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 65, 354–6, 1990 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1590159/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1590159</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2110804" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2110804</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study interventions do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not different dosages of Ca and P.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Marks, K. E., Crill, C. M., Calcium and phosphorous in pediatric parenteral nutrition, Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 17, 432–446, 2004
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not a systematic review of RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mazouri, Ali, Khosravi, Nastaran, Bordbar, Arash, Khalesi, Nasrin, Saboute, Maryam, Taherifard, Pegah, Mirzababaee, Marjan, Ebrahimi, Mehran, Does Adding Intravenous Phosphorus to Parenteral Nutrition Has Any Effects on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism and Bone Mineral Content in Preterm Neonates?, Acta medica Iranica, 55, 395–398, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28843241" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28843241</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Included in review of optimal calcium and phosphate doses.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
McCarthy, R., Segurado, R., Crealey, M., Twomey, A., Standardised versus individualised parenteral nutrition. Further food for thought, Irish Medical Journal, 109, 388, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27685480" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27685480</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - non RCT - prospective comparative but it does not assess the objectives of the review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
McNelis, K., Viswanathan, S., Effects of parenteral phosphorus dose restriction in preterm infants, Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 9, 153–158, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27341282" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27341282</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - retrospective case control.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mimouni, F. B., Mandel, D., Lubetzky, R., Senterre, T., Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin D requirements of the preterm infant, World review of nutrition and dietetics, 110, 140–151, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24751626" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24751626</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - literature review (book chapter).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Morgan, C., Green, J., Hyperalimentation and electrolyte requirements in very preterm infants: A randomised controlled parenteral nutrition study, Clinical Nutrition, 33, S7, 2014
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - conference abstract and does not accommodate reviews objectives.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mulla, S., Stirling, S., Cowey, S., Close, R., Pullan, S., Howe, R., Radbone, L., Clarke, P., Severe hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia with an optimised preterm parenteral nutrition formulation in two epochs of differing phosphate supplementation, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28456753" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28456753</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - retrospective cohort study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Narendra, A., White, M. P., Rolton, H. A., Alloub, Z. I., Wilkinson, G., McColl, J. H., Beattie, J., Nephrocalcinosis in preterm babies, Archives of Disease in Childhood, Fetal and neonatal edition. 85, F207–213, 2001 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1721318/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1721318</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11668166" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11668166</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design and outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - non RCT (prospective observational cohort). Outcome measured is nephrocalcinosis.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Nehra,D., Carlson,S.J., Fallon,E.M., Kalish,B., Potemkin,A.K., Gura,K.M., Simpser,E., Compher,C., Puder,M., A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: Nutrition support of neonatal patients at risk for metabolic bone disease, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 37, 570–578, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23685349" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23685349</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - clinical guidelines.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Orimadegun, Adebola Emmanuel, Akingbola, Titilola Stella, Routine administration of intravenous calcium during exchange blood transfusion for treatment of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia: a systematic review of quantitative evidence protocol, JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports, 13, 134–45, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26447014" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26447014</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - study protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
O’Shea, T. M., Kothadia, J. M., Klinepeter, K. L., Goldstein, D. J., Jackson, B., Dillard, R. G., Follow-up of preterm infants treated with dexamethasone for chronic lung disease, American Journal of Diseases of Children, 147, 658–61, 1993 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8506835" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8506835</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not an RCT (Longitudinal follow-up using historic controls).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pajak, A., Krolak-Olejnik, B., Szafranska, A., Early hypophosphatemia in very low birth weight preterm infants, Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 27, 841–847, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29790700" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29790700</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - non-randomised study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pelegano, J. F., Rowe, J. C., Carey, D. E., LaBarre, D. J., Edgren, K. W., Lazar, A. M., Horak, E., Effect of calcium/phosphorus ratio on mineral retention in parenterally fed premature infants, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 12, 351–5, 1991 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1649288" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1649288</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Does not assess any of the outcomes reported in the protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pelegano, J. F., Rowe, J. C., Carey, D. E., LaBarre, D. J., Raye, J. R., Edgren, K. W., Horak, E., Simultaneous infusion of calcium and phosphorus in parenteral nutrition for premature infants: use of physiologic calcium/phosphorus ratio, The Journal of pediatrics, 114, 115–9, 1989 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2491886" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2491886</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pereira-Da-Silva, L, Costa, Ab, Pereira, L, Filipe, Af, Vierella, D, Moreira, Ac, Rosa, Ml, Mendes, L, Serelha, M, Short-Term Effect Of Two Different Parenteral Calcium And Phosphorus Regimens On Bone Strength In Preterm Infants, 50th annual meeting of the European society for paediatric research; 2009 October 9-12; hamburg, germany, 2009
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pereira-Da-Silva, L., Costa, A. B., Pereira, L., Filipe, A. F., Virella, D., Leal, E., Moreira, A. C., Rosa, M. L., Mendes, L., Serelha, M., Early high calcium and phosphorus intake by parenteral nutrition prevents short-term bone strength decline in preterm infants, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 52, 203–209, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21240015" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21240015</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - plasma concentrations, solubility, precipitation.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pereira-da-Silva, Luis, Nurmamodo, Abdurrachid, Amaral, Joao M. Videira, Rosa, Maria L., Almeida, Maria C., Ribeiro, Maria L., Compatibility of calcium and phosphate in four parenteral nutrition solutions for preterm neonates, American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 60, 1041–4, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12789878" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12789878</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study intervention does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - composition.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Pohlandt, F., Prevention of postnatal bone demineralization in very low-birth-weight infants by individually monitored supplementation with calcium and phosphorus, Pediatric Research, 35, 125–9, 1994 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8134190" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8134190</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study intervention does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - includes enteral feeding.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Porcelli, P. J., Jr., Oh, W., Effects of single dose calcium gluconate infusion in hypocalcemic preterm infants, American Journal of Perinatology, 12, 18–21, 1995 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7710569" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7710569</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Does not assess any of the outcomes reported to the protocol.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Prestridge, L. L., Schanler, R. J., Shulman, R. J., Burns, P. A., Laine, L. L., Effect of parenteral calcium and phosphorus therapy on mineral retention and bone mineral content in very low birth weight infants, Journal of Pediatrics, 122, 761–8, 1993 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8496758" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8496758</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Included in review of optimal calcium and phosphate doses.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Prince, A., Groh-Wargo, S., Nutrition management for the promotion of growth in very low birth weight premature infants, Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 28, 659–68, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24163320" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24163320</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not a systematic review of RCTs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ronchera-oms, C. L., Allwood, M. C., Hardy, G., Organic phosphates in parenteral nutrition: pouring fresh water into an old bucket, Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 12, 388–9, 1996 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8875531" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8875531</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - expert review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Salle, B. L., David, L., Chopard, J. P., Grafmeyer, D. C., Renaud, H., Prevention of early neonatal hypocalcemia in low birth weight infants with continuous calcium infusion: Effect on serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, Pediatric Research, 11, 1180–1185, 1977 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/593762" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 593762</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - non-randomised comparative study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Salsburey, D. J., Brown, D. R., Effect of parenteral calcium treatment on blood pressure and heart rate in neonatal hypocalcemia, Pediatrics, 69, 605–9, 1982 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7079018" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7079018</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Schanler, R. J., Shulman, R. J., Prestridge, L. L., Parenteral nutrient needs of very low birth weight infants, Journal of Pediatrics, 125, 961–8, 1994 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7996371" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7996371</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Scott, S. M., Ladenson, J. H., Aguanna, J. J., Walgate, J., Hillman, L. S., Effect of calcium therapy in the sick premature infant with early neonatal hypocalcemia, Journal of Pediatrics, 104, 747–751, 1984 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6716222" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6716222</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - reports only ionised and total calcium and comparisons are for bolus vs drip.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Senterre, T., Zahirah, I. A., Pieltain, C., De Halleux, V., Rigo, J., Electrolyte and mineral homeostasis after optimizing early macronutrient intakes in VLBW infants on parenteral nutrition, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 61, 491–498, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25988555" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25988555</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not an RCT (prospective cohort).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Stein, J., Boehles, H. J., Blumenstein, I., Goeters, C., Schulz, R., Amino acids - Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 4, German medical science : GMS e-journal, 7, 2009 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2795371/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2795371</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20049071" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20049071</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not an RCT (practice review).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Thowladda, N., Siritientong, T., Compatibility of calcium and sodium glycerophosphate in parenteral nutrition solutions, Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 40, 176–179, 2016
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Trindade, C. E. P., Minerals in the nutrition of extremely low birth weight infants, Jornal de Pediatria, 81, S43–S51, 2005 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15809697" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15809697</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - literature review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Trotter, A., Pohlandt, F., Calcium and phosphorus retention in extremely preterm infants supplemented individually, Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 91, 680–3, 2002 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12162602" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12162602</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study intervention does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - includes enteral feeding.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Tsang, R. C., Demarini, S., Rickets and calcium and phosphorus requirements in very low birth weight infants, Monatsschrift fur Kinderheilkunde, 143, S125–S129, 1995
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - not an RCT (practice-literature review).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Uthaya, S., Liu, X., Babalis, D., Dore, C. J., Warwick, J., Bell, J., Thomas, L., Ashby, D., Durighel, G., Ederies, A., Yanez-Lopez, M., Modi, N., Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 103, 1443–1452, 2016 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4880995/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4880995</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27099248" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27099248</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study interventions do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - does not compare dosages of AA and phosphate.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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van den Akker, Chris H. P., te Braake, Frans W. J., Weisglas-Kuperus, Nynke, van Goudoever, Johannes B., Observational outcome results following a randomized controlled trial of early amino acid administration in preterm infants, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 59, 714–9, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25187104" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25187104</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Vileisis, R. A., Effect of phosphorus intake in total parenteral nutrition infusates in premature neonates, The Journal of pediatrics, 110, 586–90, 1987 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3031260" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3031260</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Included in review of optimal calcium and phosphate doses.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Vileisis, R. A., Furosemide effect on mineral status of parenterally nourished premature neonates with chronic lung disease, Pediatrics, 85, 316–22, 1990 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2106127" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2106127</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study outcomes do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Virella, D., Pereira-Da-Silva, L., Papoila, A. L., Parenteral phosphate and amino acids supply effect on the growth of extremely preterm infants: Accurate measurements and optimized statistical analysis are important, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 104, e537, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26453025" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26453025</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - letter to editor.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Watts, S., Mactier, H., Grant, J., Cameron Nicol, E., Mullen, A. B., Is additional oral phosphate supplementation for preterm infants necessary: An assessment of clinical audit, European Journal of Pediatrics, 172, 1313–1319, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23703467" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23703467</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study intervention does not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - oral feeding.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Yeung, M. Y., Smyth, J. P., Maheshwari, R., Shah, S., Evaluation of standardized versus individualized total parenteral nutrition regime for neonates less than 33 weeks’ gestation, Journal of paediatrics and child health, 39, 613–7, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14629529" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14629529</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er14.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design and interventions do not meet review protocol eligibility criteria - non RCT. Assesses standard vs total PN.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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