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stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-done" class="wsprkl btn" title="Dismiss find">✘</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style"><div class="fm-sec bkr_bottom_sep"><div class="bkr_thumb"><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng154er5-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Glucose" /></a></div><div class="bkr_bib"><h1 id="_NBK555672_"><span itemprop="name">Glucose</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Neonatal parenteral nutrition</div><p><b>Evidence review D1</b></p><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 154</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Guideline Alliance (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2020 Feb</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-1-4731-3673-1</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div></div><div class="bkr_clear"></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1"><h2 id="_niceng154er5_s1_">Optimal target dose and approach for carbohydrates</h2><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1"><h3>Review questions</h3><p>This evidence report contains information on two questions conducted as one review relating to the individual constituents (carbohydrates) in parenteral nutrition for preterm and term babies.</p><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>D1a. What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>D1b. What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</div></li></ul><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.1"><h4>Introduction</h4><p>Carbohydrate, in the form of glucose, is an essential constituent in parenteral nutrition (PN). It provides an important source of energy, and is essential for normal metabolism.</p><p>Hyperglycaemia is associated with increased mortality and increased morbidity in very preterm infants. Balancing the need for optimal energy intake against the potential risks of hyperglycaemia and/or its treatment is a key and area of nutritional strategy in very preterm infants. Determining a safe minimum and maintenance total intravenous glucose intake and a regimen to achieve this dose is therefore the objective of this review. An incremental rather than a sudden increase in glucose intake could be beneficial by reducing the risk of very early hyperglycaemia. Unlike other nutrients, glucose is the base constituent of most other (non-PN) fluids. This means total fluid intake and other infusions (e.g. drugs) will also affect total intravenous glucose intake. It is important to recognise this when determining an appropriate intravenous glucose (carbohydrate) dosage to aim for in preterm and term infants.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.2"><h4>Summary of the protocol</h4><p>Please see <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng154er5tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5tab1">Table 1</a> for a summary of the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) characteristics of this review.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng154er5tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 1" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng154er5tab1" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5tab1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab1/?report=previmg" alt="Table 1. Summary of the protocol (PICO table)." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng154er5.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5tab1">Table 1</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of the protocol (PICO table). </p></div></div><p>For full details see the review protocol in <a href="#niceng154er5.appa">appendix A</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.3"><h4>Clinical evidence</h4><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.3.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>As limited RCT evidence was available, we also included observational studies. Three studies were identified for this review (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er5.s1.ref1" rid="niceng154er5.s1.ref1">Forsyth 1995</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er5.s1.ref3" rid="niceng154er5.s1.ref3">Morgan 2014</a>, <a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er5.s1.ref4" rid="niceng154er5.s1.ref4">Pineault 1988</a>).</p><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.3.1.1"><h5>Optimal target dose</h5><p>One randomised controlled trial ((RCT); <a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er5.s1.ref3" rid="niceng154er5.s1.ref3">Morgan 2014</a>), one cross-over RCT (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er5.s1.ref1" rid="niceng154er5.s1.ref1">Forsyth 1995</a>) and one observational study (<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er5.s1.ref4" rid="niceng154er5.s1.ref4">Pineault 1988</a>) compared higher versus lower glucose intake.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.3.1.2"><h5>How to achieve target dose</h5><p>All of the included studies kept glucose intake consistent across the study periods. No studies were identified that compared different starting doses or rates of increase.</p><p>The included study is summarised in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng154er5tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figniceng154er5tab2"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table 2" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figniceng154er5tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5tab2"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab2/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab2/?report=previmg" alt="Table 2. Summary of included studies." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="niceng154er5.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5tab2">Table 2</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Summary of included studies. </p></div></div><p>See the literature search strategy in <a href="#niceng154er5.appb">appendix B</a>, study selection flow chart in <a href="#niceng154er5.appc">appendix C</a>, study evidence tables in <a href="#niceng154er5.appd">appendix D</a>, and GRADE tables in <a href="#niceng154er5.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.3.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>Studies not included in this review are listed, and reasons for their exclusions are provided, in <a href="#niceng154er5.appk">appendix K</a>.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.4"><h4>Summary of clinical studies included in the evidence review</h4><p>Summaries of the studies that were included in this review are presented in <a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figniceng154er5tab2" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5tab2">Table 2</a>.</p><p>See <a href="#niceng154er5.appd">appendix D</a> for full evidence tables.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.5"><h4>Quality assessment of clinical outcomes included in the evidence review</h4><p>GRADE was conducted to assess the quality of outcomes. Evidence was identified for critical and important outcomes. The clinical evidence profiles can be found in <a href="#niceng154er5.appf">appendix F</a>.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.6"><h4>Economic evidence</h4><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.6.1"><h5>Included studies</h5><p>A systematic review of the economic literature was conducted but no economic studies were identified which were applicable to these review questions. A single economic search was undertaken for all topics included in the scope of this guideline. Please see <a href="/books/NBK555672/bin/niceng154er5_bm4.pdf">supplementary material D</a> for details.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.6.2"><h5>Excluded studies</h5><p>No studies were identified which were applicable to these review questions.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.7"><h4>Summary of studies included in the economic evidence review</h4><p>No economic evaluations were identified which were applicable to these review questions.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.8"><h4>Economic model</h4><p>No economic modelling was undertaken for these reviews because the committee agreed that other topics were higher priorities for economic evaluation.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9"><h4>Evidence statements</h4><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.1"><h5>Clinical evidence statements</h5><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.1.1"><h5>Higher versus lower glucose intake</h5><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.1.1.1"><h5>Infection (including sepsis) at 28 days and 36 weeks’ corrected gestational age (CGA)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=150) showed a clinically important difference in rate of infection at 28 days in babies who received higher (15.6g/kg/day) compared with lower (13.5g/kg/day) glucose intake, with more babies with infection associated with lower glucose intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effect: Relative risk (RR) 0.74 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.18).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=127) showed no clinically important difference in rate of infection at 36 weeks’ CGA in babies who received higher (15.6g/kg/day) compared with lower (13.5g/kg/day) glucose intake. However, there was high uncertainty around the effect: RR 0.94 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.41).</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.1.1.2"><h5>Mortality at 28 days and 36 weeks’ CGA</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 RCT showed no clinically important difference in rate of mortality at 28 days (RR 1.17 [95% CI 0.45 to 3.07]; n=150) or 36 weeks’ CGA (RR 0.93 [95% CI 0.44 to 1.95]; n=127) in babies who received higher (15.6g/kg/day) compared with lower (13.5g/kg/day) glucose intake. However, there was high uncertainty around the effects.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.1.1.3"><h5>Nitrogen accretion</h5><p>Evidence statements for nitrogen balance and retention are divided into two isocalorific comparisons (babies receiving 60kcal/kg/day containing different dosages of glucose; babies receiving 80kcal/kg/day containing different dosages of glucose)</p><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.1.1.3.1"><h5>Nitrogen balance (mg/kg/day)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=8) showed no clinically important difference in nitrogen balance in babies who received 60kcal/kg/day and higher (11g/kg/day) compared with lower (5g/kg/day) glucose intake. However, there was high uncertainty around the effect: Mean difference (MD) −8.00mg/kg/day (95% CI −30.49 to 14.49).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=8) showed a clinically important difference in nitrogen balance in babies who received 80kcal/kg/day and higher (17g/kg/day) compared with lower (11g/kg/day) glucose intake, with greater nitrogen balance associated with the group of babies receiving higher glucose intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effect: MD 5.00mg/kg/day (95% CI −3.87 to 13.87).</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.1.1.3.2"><h5>Nitrogen retention (%)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=8) showed a clinically important difference in nitrogen retention in babies who received 60kcal/kg/day and higher (11g/kg/day) compared with lower (5g/kg/day) glucose intake. However, there was high uncertainty around the effect, with increased nitrogen retention associated with babies receiving lower glucose intake: MD −2.30% (95% CI −7.26 to 2.66).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Very low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=8) showed a clinically important difference in nitrogen retention in babies who received 80kcal/kg/day and higher (17g/kg/day) compared with lower (11g/kg/day) glucose intake, with increased nitrogen retention associated with babies receiving higher glucose intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effect: MD 1.20% (95% CI 0.81 to 3.21).</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.1.1.4"><h5>Weight change at day 7, 14, 21 and 28, and 36 weeks’ CGA</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=135) showed no clinically important difference in weight gain at 7 days in babies who received higher (15.6g/kg/day) compared with lower (13.5g/kg/day) glucose intake: MD 20.00g (95% CI −16.88 to 56.88).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT showed no clinically important difference in weight gain at 14 days (MD 44.00g [95% CI 5.27 to 82.73]; n=135), 21 days (MD 64.00g [95% CI 20.72 to 107.28]; n=135), 28 days (MD 46.00g [95% CI −5.91 to 97.91]; n=135) or 36 weeks’ CGA (MD 95.00g [95% CI 15.54 to 174.46]; n=124) in babies who received higher (15.6g/kg/day) compared with lower (13.5g/kg/day) glucose intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effects.</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.1.1.5"><h5>Head circumference gain at day 7, 14, 21 and 28, and 36 weeks’ CGA</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>High quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=135) showed no clinically important difference in head circumference gain at 7 days in babies who received higher (15.6g/kg/day) compared with lower (13.5g/kg/day) glucose intake: MD 1.00cm (95% CI −2.05 to 4.05).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT showed no clinically important difference in head circumference gain at 14 days (MD 2.00cm [95% CI −1.05 to 5.05]; n=135), 21 days (MD 4.00cm [95% CI 0.62 to 7.38]; n=135) or 36 weeks’ CGA (MD 5.00cm [95% CI 1.68 to 8.32]; n=126) in babies who received higher (15.6g/kg/day) compared with lower (13.5g/kg/day) glucose intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effects.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=135) showed a clinically important difference in head circumference gain at 28 days in babies who received higher (15.6g/kg/day) compared with lower (13.5g/kg/day) glucose intake, with greater head circumference in the group of babies receiving higher glucose intake. However, there was uncertainty around the effect: MD 6.00cm (95% CI 2.32 to 9.68).</div></li></ul></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.1.1.6"><h5>Nutritional intake (g/kg/day)</h5><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=8) showed a clinically important difference in glucose intake in babies who received 60kcal/kg/day and higher (11g/kg/day) compared with lower (5g/kg/day) glucose intake, with greater glucose intake associated with babies receiving higher glucose intake: MD 5.50g/kg/day (95% CI 5.25 to 5.75).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Low quality evidence from 1 observational study (n=8) showed a clinically important difference in glucose intake in babies who received 80kcal/kg/day and higher (17g/kg/day) compared with lower (11g/kg/day) glucose intake, with greater glucose intake associated with babies receiving higher glucose intake: MD 4.40g/kg/day (95% 4.15 to 4.65).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Moderate quality evidence from 1 RCT (n=20) showed a clinically important difference in glucose intake in babies who receive higher (12g/kg/day) compared with lower (8g/kg/day) glucose intake, with greater glucose intake associated with babies receiving higher glucose intake: MD 3.90g/kg/day (95% CI 3.70 to 4.10).</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.9.2"><h5>Economic evidence statements</h5><p>No economic evidence was identified which was applicable to these review questions.</p></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.10"><h4>The committee’s discussion of the evidence</h4><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.10.1"><h5>Interpreting the evidence</h5><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.10.1.1"><h5>The outcomes that matter most</h5><p>The committee prioritised neurodevelopmental outcomes and the following adverse effects of IV carbohydrates as critical outcomes: infection including sepsis, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia and PN associated liver disease as these can be directly linked to glucose load (for example optimal glucose intake has an impact on energy to support growth of all functions including neurodevelopment as well as supporting the immune system to prevent infections).</p><p>Mortality, body composition, growth, duration of hospital stay and nutritional intake were selected as important outcomes. Adequate glucose as an energy substrate is pivotal to growth which can impact on duration of hospital stay. However, lean growth should not be compromised; and therefore a balance to achieve good growth and a normal body composition is the aim.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.10.1.2"><h5>The quality of the evidence</h5><p>The quality of the evidence for this review was assessed using GRADE methodology. The evidence was considered very low to high quality according to GRADE criteria. Evidence was downgraded due to imprecision around the effect estimate and study design (for example, the observational study with a cross-over component).</p><p>The committee noted that it is difficult to disentangle the effects of varying amounts of glucose from other constituents (lipids and amino acids) of PN as more than one constituent varied across study arms for two of the included studies. The committee noted that this confounded the evidence and made it difficult to draw clear conclusions related to amounts of glucose on their own.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.10.1.3"><h5>Benefits and harms</h5><p>There was no difference in mortality or weight gain based on glucose intake. The evidence for sepsis, head circumference and nitrogen accretion was inconsistent. There was evidence that actual glucose intake was higher when target intake was higher, demonstrating that it is feasible to achieve a higher glucose intake.</p><p>Due to the concurrent variation of dosages in other constituents of PN, the committee noted that the evidence was only indirectly able to support a recommendation for an optimal glucose maintenance dose required in preterm infants. They also noted that it provided no evidence in term infants or how to achieve the maintenance dose. Therefore, the committee decided to make a recommendation based on informal consensus, usingtheir experience and expertise, and decided to make one recommendation applicable to both preterm and term babies.</p><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.10.1.3.1"><h5>Starting carbohydrates</h5><p>In their discussion the committee agreed that a range of starting dosages should be provided to allow some clinical judgement about each babies’ particular circumstances. The committee considered what the minimum recommended starting glucose intake should be. Low intakes of glucose (a main energy source) may impair amino acid utilisation and growth. In the absence of studies designed to investigate this, the committee considered the minimum glucose dosage in a range of other neonatal PN studies. They agreed that a minimum starting dosage of 6 g/kg/day of glucose would be sufficient for a baby that had already larger energy stores (such as late preterm and term babies). Based on their knowledge and experience the committee decided that a maximum starting dosage of 9 g/kg/day would be safe for babies in need of higher energy intakes (such as very preterm babies). Therefore the committee decided to recommend, based on informal consent, a higher dosage of up to 9 g/kg/day to address the energy needs of babies not on enteral feeds.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.10.1.3.2"><h5>Maintaining carbohydrates</h5><p>The committee also discussed what the appropriate maintenance range of carbohydrates should be. Again the committee agreed that this needs clinical judgement based on each individual baby. Those on a lower starting range are likely to only require the minimum maintenance range (9 g/kg/day) as compared to those who start on a higher dosage. Based on their knowledge, the committee noted that hyperglycaemia (caused by too much glucose) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in preterm infants although it is possible that this is a marker of organ immaturity. Hyperglycaemia also increases the complexity of acute fluid and electrolyte management. The treatment threshold for hyperglycaemia varies considerably between UK neonatal services. Hyperglycaemia treatment comprises two options: glucose reduction or insulin therapy. Glucose reduction results in large interpatient variations in energy intake and poor growth. Insulin therapy is complex, risks hypoglycaemia and has potentially other long term adverse outcomes. However, this is outside the scope of this guideline, and therefore there are no recommendations on this. Taking these considerations into account the committee agreed by informal consensus that a dosage of 16 g/kg/day would be a safe maximum recommendation.</p></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.10.1.3.3"><h5>Other considerations</h5><p>The committee noted that in practice, glucose is given as a default component in many other intravenous infusions as well as the PN solution. The total glucose intake must take into account all these sources when interpreting the maximum recommended glucose intake. Furthermore, total carbohydrate intake will only be equivalent to glucose intake when infants are receiving no enteral feeds. The committee acknowledged that the maximum recommended glucose intake should be reduced with increasing enteral carbohydrate intake, but due to a lack of evidence did not directly make a recommendation on this. The committee acknowledged that the evidence did not clearly demonstrate how carbohydrates should be increased; based on experience the committee agreed that PN should be increased gradually to reach the maintenance dose, this is to reduce the potential risk of adverse events such as hyperglycaemia. The committee suggested 4 days as an example as this would be in line with both amino acid and lipid increments.</p><p>No evidence was found on babies who do not start PN from birth. The committeeagreed by informal consensus, based on their knowledge and experience, that babies starting PN after the first 4 days of life should start PN based on the recommended maintenance range. Babies starting PN after this time point may have already made progress with incrementing up to the maintenance levels of macronutrients required for growth from their enteral nutrition. If that enteral nutrition has to be stopped (for example, due to development of necrotising enterocolitis) and PN started the committee felt that returning to starting doses of macronutrients would likely lead to nutritional deficit. Alternatively, babies may be starting PN after this time point as they have not made sufficient progress with enteral fees within the first 72 hours after birth. However, the committee agreed, based on their expertise, that the quantity of macronutrients that can be tolerated is closely linked to the postnatal age of the baby, with older babies able to tolerate greater nutritional intake. Therefore, the committee agreed starting on the maintenance range would be appropriate even if progress has not been made with enteral feeds. The committee agreed to use the same approach for other constituents whenever there is an absence of evidence.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.s1.1.10.2"><h5>Cost effectiveness and resource use</h5><p>No economic studies were identified which were applicable to this review question.</p><p>The committee explained that recommendations pertaining to an optimal target dosage of carbohydrate in preterm and term babies who are receiving PN or neonatal care and the optimal way of achieving this target dosage would not incur extra resource implications to the health care system.</p><p>The committee noted that getting the optimal amount of carbohydrate for neonatal PN may result in avoiding additional costs associated with adverse effects to the NHS (i.e. incorrect amounts of carbohydrates can result in adverse events which may require resource-intensive management).</p><p>The committee explained that recommendations in this area reflect practice across many units and as such cost savings to the NHS, if any, are likely to be negligible.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.rl.r1"><h3>References</h3><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng154er5.s1.ref1"><p id="p-136">
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<strong>Forsyth 1995</strong>
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</p>Forsyth, J. S., Murdock, N., Crighton, A., Low birthweight infants and total parenteral nutrition immediately after birth. III. Randomised study of energy substrate utilisation, nitrogen balance, and carbon dioxide production, Archives of Disease in Childhood, Fetal and neonatal edition. 73, F13–6, 1995 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2528376/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2528376</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7552589" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7552589</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng154er5.s1.ref2"><p id="p-137">
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<strong>Mesotten 2018</strong>
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</p>Mesotten, D., Joosten, K., van Kempen, A., Verbruggen, S., ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Carbohydrates, Clinical Nutrition, 37, 2337–2343, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30037708" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30037708</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng154er5.s1.ref3"><p id="p-138">
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<strong>Morgan 2014</strong>
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</p>Morgan, C., McGowan, P., Herwitker, S., Hart, A. E., Turner, M. A., Postnatal head growth in preterm infants: a randomized controlled parenteral nutrition study, Pediatrics, 133, e120–8, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24379229" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24379229</span></a>]</div></p></li><li class="half_rhythm"><p><div class="bk_ref" id="niceng154er5.s1.ref4"><p id="p-139">
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<strong>Pineault 1988</strong>
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</p>Pineault, M., Chessex, P., Bisaillon, S., Brisson, G., Total parenteral nutrition in the newborn: impact of the quality of infused energy on nitrogen metabolism, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 47, 298–304, 1988 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3124593" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3124593</span></a>]</div></p></li></ul></div></div><div id="appendixesappgroup1"><h2 id="_appendixesappgroup1_">Appendices</h2><div id="niceng154er5.appa"><h3>Appendix A. Review protocols</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appa.s1"><h4>Review protocol for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
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</div></li></ul><p id="niceng154er5.appa.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5appatab1" class="figpopup">Table 3. Review protocol for carbohydrates</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.appb"><h3>Appendix B. Literature search strategies</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appb.s1"><h4>Literature search strategies for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
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<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
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<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
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</div><div class="half_rhythm">One combined search was conducted for the research questions.</div></li></ul><p id="niceng154er5.appb.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5appbtab1" class="figpopup">Databases: Medline; Medline EPub Ahead of Print; and Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations</a></p><p id="niceng154er5.appb.tab2"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5appbtab2" class="figpopup">Databases: Embase; and Embase Classic</a></p><p id="niceng154er5.appb.tab3"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5appbtab3" class="figpopup">Databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; and Health Technology Assessment</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.appc"><h3>Appendix C. Clinical evidence study selection</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appc.s1"><h4>Clinical study selection for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
|
|
</div></li></ul><p id="niceng154er5.appc.fig1"><a href="/books/NBK555672/figure/niceng154er5.appc.fig1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5appcfig1" class="figpopup">Figure 1. PRISMA Flow chart of clinical article selection for review questions on optimal target dose and approach for carbohydrates</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.appd"><h3>Appendix D. Clinical evidence tables</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appd.s1"><h4>Clinical evidence tables for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
|
|
</div></li></ul><p id="niceng154er5.appd.et1"><a href="/books/NBK555672/bin/niceng154er5-appd-et1.pdf" class="bk_dwnld_icn bk_dwnld_pdf">Table 4. Clinical evidence table for included studies</a><span class="small"> (PDF, 151K)</span></p></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.appe"><h3>Appendix E. Forest plots</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appe.s1"><h4>Forest plots for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
|
|
</div><div class="half_rhythm">No meta-analysis was conducted for this review; therefore there are no forest plots.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
|
|
</div><div class="half_rhythm">No meta-analysis was conducted for this review; therefore there are no forest plots.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.appf"><h3>Appendix F. GRADE tables</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appf.s1"><h4>GRADE tables for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
|
|
</div></li></ul><p id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5appftab1" class="figpopup">Table 4. Evidence profile for comparison higher versus lower glucose intake</a></p></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.appg"><h3>Appendix G. Economic evidence study selection</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appg.s1"><h4>Economic evidence study selection for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
|
|
</div><div class="half_rhythm">One global search was conducted for all review questions. See <a href="/books/NBK555672/bin/niceng154er5_bm4.pdf">supplementary material D</a> for further information.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.apph"><h3>Appendix H. Economic evidence tables</h3><div id="niceng154er5.apph.s1"><h4>Economic evidence tables for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
|
|
</div><div class="half_rhythm">No evidence was identified which was applicable to these review questions.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.appi"><h3>Appendix I. Health economic evidence profiles</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appi.s1"><h4>Economic evidence profiles for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
|
|
</div><div class="half_rhythm">No evidence was identified which was applicable to these review questions.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.appj"><h3>Appendix J. Health economic analysis</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appj.s1"><h4>Economic evidence analysis for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
|
|
</div><div class="half_rhythm">No economic analysis was conducted for these review questions.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.appk"><h3>Appendix K. Excluded studies</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appk.s1"><h4>Excluded clinical and economic studies for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
|
|
</div></li></ul><div id="niceng154er5.appk.s1.1"><h5>Clinical studies</h5><p id="niceng154er5.appk.tab1"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobniceng154er5appktab1" class="figpopup">Table 5. Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</a></p></div><div id="niceng154er5.appk.s1.2"><h5>Economic studies</h5><p>No economic evidence was identified for these reviews. See <a href="/books/NBK555672/bin/niceng154er5_bm4.pdf">supplementary material D</a> for further information.</p></div></div></div><div id="niceng154er5.appl"><h3>Appendix L. Research recommendations</h3><div id="niceng154er5.appl.s1"><h4>Research recommendations for review questions</h4><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</b>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="half_rhythm">
|
|
<b>What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</b>
|
|
</div><div class="half_rhythm">No research recommendation was made for this review.</div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><div><p>Final</p></div><div><p>Evidence reviews</p><p>These evidence reviews were developed by the National Guideline Alliance which is part of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</p></div><div><p><b>Disclaimer</b>: The recommendations in this guideline represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, professionals are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or service users. The recommendations in this guideline are not mandatory and the guideline does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their carer or guardian.</p><p>Local commissioners and/or providers have a responsibility to enable the guideline to be applied when individual health professionals and their patients or service users wish to use it. They should do so in the context of local and national priorities for funding and developing services, and in light of their duties to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to reduce health inequalities. Nothing in this guideline should be interpreted in a way that would be inconsistent with compliance with those duties.</p><p>NICE guidelines cover health and care in England. Decisions on how they apply in other UK countries are made by ministers in the <a href="http://wales.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Welsh Government</a>, <a href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Scottish Government</a>, and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Northern Ireland Executive</a>. All NICE guidance is subject to regular review and may be updated or withdrawn.</p></div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © NICE 2020.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK555672</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32282163" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">32282163</a></span></div></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er5tab1"><div id="niceng154er5.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 1</span><span class="title">Summary of the protocol (PICO table)</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er5.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><tbody><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng154er5.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng154er5.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Babies born preterm, up to 28 days after their due birth date (preterm babies)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Babies born at term, up to 28 days after their birth (term babies)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng154er5.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng154er5.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Optimal target dose
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Any amount of carbohydrate (g/kg/d)</div></li></ul>
|
|
Optimal way to achieve this
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Starting dose</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Rate of Increase in carbohydrates</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng154er5.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng154er5.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Optimal target dose
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Each other</div></li></ul>
|
|
Optimal way to achieve this
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Different starting doses</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Different increases</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Different regimens</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th id="hd_b_niceng154er5.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes</th><td headers="hd_b_niceng154er5.tab1_1_1_4_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical</b>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes (general cognitive abilities at two years corrected age as measured by a validated scale)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse effects of IV carbohydrates:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection including sepsis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hyperglycaemia (surrogate outcome - use of insulin)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>PN associated liver disease</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
|
|
<b>Important</b>
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Body composition (measured as Lean mass, fat-free mass, fat mass, adipose tissue, nitrogen accretion)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Growth/Anthropometric measures:
|
|
<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight gain (g/kg/d)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Linear growth</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Head circumference (mm)</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Nutritional intake (g/kg/d) (defined as proportion of prescribed carbohydrates actually received)</div></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">IV: intravenous; PN: parenteral nutrition</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er5tab2"><div id="niceng154er5.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 2</span><span class="title">Summary of included studies</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er5.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Population</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Intervention</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comparison</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Outcomes</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er5.s1.ref1" rid="niceng154er5.s1.ref1">Forsyth 1995</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Crossover RCT</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N = 20</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Mean GA</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>30.9 weeks (SE 0.4)</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Mean BW</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>1314g (SE 65)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>High glucose regimen (n=20)</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>12 g/kg/day (8.3mg/kg/minute) of glucose</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Low glucose regimen (n=20)</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>8 g/kg/day (5.5mg/kg/minute) of glucose</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Nutritional intake</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">After 24 hours, infants were changed to the alternative regimen which was continued again for 24 hours. Therefore babies served as their own controls.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er5.s1.ref3" rid="niceng154er5.s1.ref3">Morgan 2014</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>RCT</p>
|
|
<p>UK</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N=150</p>
|
|
<p>Preterm babies born at <29 weeks GA and birthweight <1200g</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Mean GA</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>26.7 weeks (SD 1.3)</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Mean BW</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>892g (SD 170.5)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>SCAMP (n=66)</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>15.6 g/kg/day glucose plus 3.8 g/kg/day protein/lipid</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Control (n=69)</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>13.5 g/kg/day glucose plus 2.8 g/kg/day protein/lipid</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Late onset sepsis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight change</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Head circumference</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Dosage of proteins and lipids also differed between groups.</p>
|
|
<p>Study was not powered to assess differences in major complications.</p>
|
|
<p>PN was initiated at median of 3 hours after birth.</p>
|
|
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a class="bibr" href="#niceng154er5.s1.ref4" rid="niceng154er5.s1.ref4">Pineault 1988</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Observational study with cross-over component</p>
|
|
<p>Canada</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>N = 16</p>
|
|
<p>Appropriate-for-gestational-age babies with unchanging clinical conditions</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Mean GA</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>35 weeks (SE 1.0)</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Mean BW</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>2150g (SE 158)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>High glucose regimen (n=16)</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>60 kcal/kg<sup>−1</sup>/d<sup>−1</sup>: 11 g/kg/−1/day−1 glucose; 1g/kg−1/d−1 lipids</p>
|
|
<p>80 kcal/kg<sup>−1</sup>/d<sup>−1</sup>: 17g/kg−1/day<sup>−1</sup> glucose; 1 g/kg−1/day<sup>−1</sup> lipids</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<u>Low glucose regimen (n=16)</u>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>60 kcal/kg<sup>−1</sup>/d<sup>−1</sup>: 5 g/kg/−1/day−1 glucose; 3g/kg−1/d−1 lipids</p>
|
|
<p>80 kcal/kg<sup>−1</sup>/d<sup>−1</sup>: 11g/kg−1/day<sup>−1</sup> glucose; 3 g/kg−1/day<sup>−1</sup> lipids</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Nitrogen balance</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Nitrogen retention</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Nutritional intake</div></li></ul></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.tab2_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>Dosage of lipids also differed between groups.</p>
|
|
<p>Babies were assigned to groups based on calorie intake and completed two nutrition phases (high glucose [low fat] and low glucose [high fat]). Therefore, babies served as their own controls.</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BW: birthweight; GA: gestational age; IV: intravenous; PN: parenteral nutrition; SCAMP: standardised, concentrated with added macronutrients parenteral; SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er5appatab1"><div id="niceng154er5.appa.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 3</span><span class="title">Review protocol for carbohydrates</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appa.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er5.appa.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Field (based on <a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org/Extensions/Protocols.aspx" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PRISMA-P</a>)</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Content</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review question</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>D1a. What is the optimal target dosage for carbohydrates in preterm and term babies who are receiving parenteral nutrition and neonatal care?</p>
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<p>D1b. What is the optimal way (starting dose and approach to increment, if employed) to achieve this target dosage for carbohydrates?</p>
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</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Type of review question</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention review</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Objective of the review</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The objective of this review is to identify evidence to determine the optimal target dose of carbohydrates (glucose) required by preterm and term babies. In addition, this question will aim to identify what the starting dosage of carbohydrates should be to reach the optimal target dose required.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – population/disease/condition/issue/domain</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Babies born preterm, up to 28 days after their due birth date (preterm babies)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Babies born at term, up to 28 days after their birth (term babies).</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – intervention(s)/exposure(s)/prognostic factor(s)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">D1a.
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Any amount of carbohydrate (g/kg/d)</div></li></ul>
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D1b.
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Starting dose; Rate of Increase in carbohydrates</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – comparator(s)/control or reference (gold) standard</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">D1a.
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Each other</div></li></ul>
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D1b.
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Different starting doses; Different increases; Different regimens</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes and prioritisation</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><b>Critical</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurodevelopmental outcomes (general cognitive abilities at two years corrected age as measured by a validated scale)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Adverse effects of IV carbohydrates:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infection including sepsis</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hyperglycaemia (surrogate outcome – use of insulin)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hypoglycaemia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other PN associated liver disease</div></li></ul></div></li></ul>
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<b>Important</b>
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mortality</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Body composition (measured as Lean mass, fat-free mass, fat mass, adipose tissue, nitrogen accretion)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Growth/Anthropometric measures:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight gain (g/kg/d)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Linear growth</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Head circumference (mm)</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Duration of hospital stay</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Nutritional intake (g/kg/d) (defined as proportion of prescribed glucose actually received)</div></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Eligibility criteria – study design</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Only published full text papers-
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Systematic reviews of RCTs</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>RCTs</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Comparative cohort studies (only if RCTs unavailable or limited data to inform decision making)</div></li></ul>
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Participant numbers (no restriction for observational studies). For neurodevelopmental outcomes, studies with sample size of minimum 50 participants will be considered.)</p>
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<p>Conference abstracts of RCTs will only be considered if no evidence is available from full published RCTs (if no evidence from RCTs or comparative cohort studies available and are recent i.e., in the last 2 years-authors will be contacted for further information)</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Other inclusion exclusion criteria</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No date restriction</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Proposed sensitivity/sub-group analysis, or meta-regression</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Stratified analysis:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Babies born preterm, up to 28 days after their due birth date (preterm babies)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Babies born at term, up to 28 days after their birth (term babies).</div></li></ul>
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Subgroup analysis:</p><p>The following groups will be considered for subgroup analysis:</p>
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<p>Population subgroups:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Age of baby (first 2 weeks vs later)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm (extremely preterm <28 weeks GA; very preterm: 28–31 weeks GA; moderately preterm: 32–36 weeks GA)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Birthweight: Low birth weight (< 2500g); very low birth weight (< 1500g) and extremely low birth weight (< 1000g)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Critically ill babies or those requiring surgery (for example, inotropic support, therapeutic hypothermia or fluid restriction)</div></li></ul>
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Setting subgroups:
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Specialist care versus standard neonate care</div></li></ul>
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Important confounders (when comparative observational studies are included for interventional reviews):
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<ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Age of baby (first 2 weeks vs later)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Preterm (Very early <28 weeks’ GA; 28–31 weeks’ GA; 32–36 weeks’ GA)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Birthweight: Low birth weight (< 2500g); very low birth weight (< 1500g) and extremely low birth weight (< 1000g)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Actual dose received</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Sex of baby</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hyperglycaemia</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Gestation (preterm versus term)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>For neurodevelopmental outcomes:
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<ul class="circle"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Biological (sex, small for gestational age, ethnicity)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neonatal (PVL, IVH, infarct, sepsis, ROP, NEC, antenatal/postnatal steroids, BPD at 36 weeks)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Social (SES, substance abuse, alcohol abuse, multiple pregnancy, chorioamnionitis, neglect, maternal age, maternal mental health disorder)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Postnatal (epilepsy, age of establishing feeding)</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Selection process – duplicate screening/selection/analysis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A random sample of the references identified in the search will be sifted by a second reviewer. This sample size will be 10% of the total, or 100 studies if the search identified fewer than 1000 studies. All disagreements in study inclusion will be discussed and resolved between the two reviewers. The senior systematic reviewer or guideline lead will be involved if discrepancies cannot be resolved between the two reviewers.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data management (software)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>STAR was used to sift through the references identified by the search, and for data extraction</p>
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<p>Pairwise meta-analyses and production of forest plots was done using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan5).</p>
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<p>‘GRADEpro’ was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.</p>
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<p>Clinical effectiveness</p>
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<p>For dichotomous outcomes, minimal important differences will be considered using thresholds of RR >0.80 and <1.25.</p>
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<p>For continuous outcomes, minimal important differences will be considered 0.5 times the SD of the control group</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Information sources – databases and dates</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Database(s): Embase 1974 to Present, Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present; Cochrane Library; WEB OF SCIENCE</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Identify if an update</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">This is not an update.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Author contacts</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Developer: The National Guideline Alliance</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10037" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.nice.org<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.uk/guidance/indevelopment/gid-ng10037</a></p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Highlight if amendment to previous protocol</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 4.5 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/4-Developing-review-questions-and-planning-the-evidence-review#planning-the-evidence-review" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>
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<u>2014</u></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Search strategy – for one database</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#niceng154er5.appb">appendix B</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data collection process – forms/duplicate</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">A standardised evidence table format will be used, and published as <a href="#niceng154er5.appd">appendix D</a> (clinical evidence tables) or <a href="#niceng154er5.apph">H</a> (economic evidence tables).</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Data items – define all variables to be collected</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see <a href="#niceng154er5.appb">appendix B</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for assessing bias at outcome/study level</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>Standard study checklists were used to critically appraise individual studies. For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>
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<u>2014.</u></p>
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<p>The risk of bias across all available evidence was evaluated for each outcome using an adaptation of the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) toolbox’ developed by the international GRADE working group <a href="http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gradeworkinggroup.org/</a>.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Criteria for quantitative synthesis</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.4 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>
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<u>2014</u></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Methods for quantitative analysis – combining studies and exploring (in)consistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please of the methods please see <a href="/books/NBK555672/bin/niceng154er5_bm3.pdf">supplementary material C</a>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Meta-bias assessment – publication bias, selective reporting bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see section 6.2 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/6-Reviewing-research-evidence#assessing-the-quality-of-the-evidence" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>
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<u>2014</u>.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Confidence in cumulative evidence</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see sections 6.4 and 9.1 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1-Introduction-and-overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>
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<u>2014</u></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Rationale/context – what is known</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">For details please see the <a href="#niceng154er5.s1.1.1">introduction</a> to the evidence review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Describe contributions of authors and guarantor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><p>A multidisciplinary committee developed the evidence review. The committee was convened by the National Guideline Alliance (NGA) and chaired by Joe Fawke (Consultant Neonatologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust) in line with section 3 of <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/article/pmg20/chapter/1%20Introduction%20and%20overview" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Developing NICE guidelines: the manual</a>
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<u>2014</u>.</p>
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<p>Staff from the NGA undertook systematic literature searches, appraised the evidence, conducted meta-analysis and cost effectiveness analysis where appropriate, and drafted the guideline in collaboration with the committee. For details please see the methods see <a href="/books/NBK555672/bin/niceng154er5_bm3.pdf">supplementary material 3</a>.</p></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Sources of funding/support</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The NGA is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Name of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The NGA is funded by NICE and hosted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Roles of sponsor</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICE funds NGA to develop guidelines for those working in the NHS, public health and social care in England</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PROSPERO registration number</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appa.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; GA: gestational age; GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; IV: intravenous; IVH: intraventricular haemorrhage; NEC: necrotising enterocolitis; NGA: National Guideline Alliance; NHS: National health service; NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; PN: parenteral nutrition; PVL: periventricular leukomalacia; RCT: randomised controlled trial; ROP: retinopathy of prematurity; RR: risk ratio; SD: standard deviation; SES: socioeconomic status</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er5appbtab1"><div id="niceng154er5.appb.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Databases: Medline; Medline EPub Ahead of Print; and Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appb.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er5.appb.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INFANT, NEWBORN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(neonat$ or newborn$ or new-born$ or baby or babies).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PREMATURE BIRTH/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm$ or pre-term$ or prematur$ or pre-matur$) adj5 (birth? or born)).ab,ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp INFANT, PREMATURE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm$ or pre-term$ or prematur$ or pre-matur$) adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre#mie? or premie or premies).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$ adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((LBW or VLBW) adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INTENSIVE CARE, NEONATAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, NEONATAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICU?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PARENTERAL NUTRITION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PARENTERAL NUTRITION, TOTAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PARENTERAL NUTRITION SOLUTIONS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ADMINISTRATION, INTRAVENOUS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INFUSIONS, INTRAVENOUS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp CATHETERIZATION, PERIPHERAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(parenteral$ or intravenous$ or intra-venous$ or IV or venous$ or infusion?).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((peripheral$ or central$) adj3 (line? or catheter$)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drip?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/15–24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 (amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(g adj3 kg adj3 (d or day) adj5 (amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 (Lipid? or intralipid? or Ceroid or Fat? or Cholesterol? or Oil? or Fatty Acid? or Omega-3 or Omega-6 or Linolenic Acid? or Docosahexaenoic Acid? or Eicosapentaenoic Acid? or Ricinoleic Acid? or Triolein or Caprylate? or Decanoic Acid? or Decanoate? or Eicosanoic Acid? or Endocannabinoid? or Eicosanoid? or Arachidonic Acid? or Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid? or eicosatetraenoic Acid? or Isoprostane? or Neuroprostane? or Leukotriene? or SRS-A or Thromboxane? or Eicosatetraynoic Acid? or Eicosatrienoic Acid? or Lipoxin? or Linoleic Acid? or Lubiprostone or Capsaicin or Erucic Acid? or Oleic Acid? or Undecylenic Acid? or Gefarnate or Ionomycin or Oxylipin? or Sorbic Acid? or Heptanoic Acid? or Atorvastatin Calcium or Heptanoate? or Lauric Acid? or Laurate? or Mupirocin or Mycolic Acid? or Mycophenolic Acid? or Myristic Acid? or Myristate? or Palmitic Acid? or Palmitate? or Palmitoyl Coenzyme A or Prostanoic Acid? or Sodium Morrhuate or Stearic Acid? or Stearate? or Thioctic Acid? or Glyceride? or Diglyceride? or Monoglyceride? or Triglyceride? or Triacetin or Glycolipid? or Cord Factor? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Sugar? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Monosaccharide? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Oligosaccharide? or Lipofuscin or Lipopolysaccharide? or O Antigen? or Lipoprotein? or Apolipoprotein? or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 5 or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 8 or Chylomicron? or Apoprotein or Phospholipid? or Glycerophosphate? or Phosphatidic Acid? or Glycerophospholipid? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Phosphatidylcholine? or Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine or Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or Lecithin? or Phosphatidylethanolamine? or Phosphatidylglycerol? or Cardiolipin? or Phosphatidylinositol? or Phosphatidylserine? or Phospholipid Ether? or Plasmalogen? or Platelet Activating Factor or Lysophospholipid? or Lysophosphatidylcholine? or Sphingomyelin? or Proteolipid? or Sphingolipid? or Sterol? or Adosterol or Cholecalciferol or Hydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcifediol or Dihydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcitriol or Dihydroxyvitamin D3 or Azacosterol or Cholestanol or Dehydrocholesterol? or Desmosterol or 19-Iodocholesterol or Oxysterol? or Hydroxycholesterol? or Ketocholesterol? or Ergocalciferol? or 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 or Dihydrotachysterol or Lanosterol or Phytosterol? or Brassinosteroid? or Ecdysteroid? or Sitosterol? or Stigmasterol or Withanolide? or Solanine or Polyhydroxyalkanoate?)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(g adj3 kg adj3 (d or day) adj5 (Lipid? or intralipid? or Ceroid or Fat? or Cholesterol? or Oil? or Fatty Acid? or Omega-3 or Omega-6 or Linolenic Acid? or Docosahexaenoic Acid? or Eicosapentaenoic Acid? or Ricinoleic Acid? or Triolein or Caprylate? or Decanoic Acid? or Decanoate? or Eicosanoic Acid? or Endocannabinoid? or Eicosanoid? or Arachidonic Acid? or Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid? or eicosatetraenoic Acid? or Isoprostane? or Neuroprostane? or Leukotriene? or SRS-A or Thromboxane? or Eicosatetraynoic Acid? or Eicosatrienoic Acid? or Lipoxin? or Linoleic Acid? or Lubiprostone or Capsaicin or Erucic Acid? or Oleic Acid? or Undecylenic Acid? or Gefarnate or Ionomycin or Oxylipin? or Sorbic Acid? or Heptanoic Acid? or Atorvastatin Calcium or Heptanoate? or Lauric Acid? or Laurate? or Mupirocin or Mycolic Acid? or Mycophenolic Acid? or Myristic Acid? or Myristate? or Palmitic Acid? or Palmitate? or Palmitoyl Coenzyme A or Prostanoic Acid? or Sodium Morrhuate or Stearic Acid? or Stearate? or Thioctic Acid? or Glyceride? or Diglyceride? or Monoglyceride? or Triglyceride? or Triacetin or Glycolipid? or Cord Factor? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Sugar? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Monosaccharide? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Oligosaccharide? or Lipofuscin or Lipopolysaccharide? or O Antigen? or Lipoprotein? or Apolipoprotein? or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 5 or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 8 or Chylomicron? or Apoprotein or Phospholipid? or Glycerophosphate? or Phosphatidic Acid? or Glycerophospholipid? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Phosphatidylcholine? or Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine or Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or Lecithin? or Phosphatidylethanolamine? or Phosphatidylglycerol? or Cardiolipin? or Phosphatidylinositol? or Phosphatidylserine? or Phospholipid Ether? or Plasmalogen? or Platelet Activating Factor or Lysophospholipid? or Lysophosphatidylcholine? or Sphingomyelin? or Proteolipid? or Sphingolipid? or Sterol? or Adosterol or Cholecalciferol or Hydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcifediol or Dihydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcitriol or Dihydroxyvitamin D3 or Azacosterol or Cholestanol or Dehydrocholesterol? or Desmosterol or 19-Iodocholesterol or Oxysterol? or Hydroxycholesterol? or Ketocholesterol? or Ergocalciferol? or 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 or Dihydrotachysterol or Lanosterol or Phytosterol? or Brassinosteroid? or Ecdysteroid? or Sitosterol? or Stigmasterol or Withanolide? or Solanine or Polyhydroxyalkanoate?)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 (Carbohydrate? or Amino Sugar? or Hexosamine? or Fructosamine or Galactosamine or Acetylgalactosamine or Glucosamine or Acetylglucosamine or Muramic Acid? or Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine or Neuraminic Acid? or Sialic Acid? or N-Acetylneuraminic Acid or Deoxy Sugar? or Deoxyglucose or Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 or Deoxyribose or Fucose or Rhamnose or Sucrose or High Fructose Corn Syrup or Glycoconjugate? or Glycolipid? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Glycopeptide? or Peplomycin or Phleomycin? or Peptidoglycan or Ristocetin or Glycoprotein? or AC133 Antigen or ADAM$ Protein? or Fertilin? or Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein? or Fibrillin? or Lipopolysaccharide? or Glycoside? or Anthocyanin? or Atractyloside or Digitonin or Acetyldigitoxin? or Acetyldigoxin? or Medigoxin or Lanatoside? or Deslanoside or Proscillaridin or Strophanthin? or Cymarine or Ouabain or Chromomycin? or Galactoside? or Methylgalactoside? or Nitrophenylgalactoside? or Thiogalactoside? or Glucoside? or Amygdalin or Arbutin or Canagliflozin or Chloralose or Esculin or Methylglucoside? or 3-O-Methylglucose or Thioglucoside? or Glucosinolate? or Glycosylated Hemoglobin A or Lincosamide? or Mannoside? or Methylmannoside? or Methylglycoside? or Novobiocin or Nucleoside? Nucleotide? or Adenosine Diphosphate or O-Acetyl-ADP-Ribose or Cyclic ADP-Ribose or Cytidine Diphosphate Diglyceride? or Guanosine Diphosphate or Uridine Diphosphate or Olivomycin? or Phlorhizin or Saponin? or Escin or Ginsenoside? or Holothurin or Quillaja Saponin? or Solanine or Teichoic Acid? or Thioglycoside? or Tomatine or Monosaccharide? or Carbasugar? or Heptose? or Mannoheptulose or Hexose? or Fructose or Galactose or Glucose or Mannose or Sorbose or Imino Sugar? or Imino Furanose? or Imino Pyranose? or 1-Deoxynojirimycin or Ketose? or Dihydroxyacetone or Xylulose or Pentose? or Arabinose or Ribose or Xylose or Tetrose? or Thiosugar? or Triose? or Glyceraldehyde or Polysaccharide? or Alginate? or Carrageenan or Chitin or Chitosan or Ficoll or Fructan? or Inulin or Galactan? or Agar or Glucan? or Lentinan or Sizofiran or Zymosan or Cellulose or Cellobiose or Hypromellose Derivative? or Methylcellulose or Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium or Dextran? or Glycogen or Isomaltose or Maltose or Starch or Amylopectin or Amylose or Dextrin? or Cyclodextrin? or Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivative? or Trehalose or Glycosaminoglycan? or Chondroitin or Dermatan Sulfate or Heparitin Sulfate or Hyaluronic Acid or Keratan Sulfate or Mannan? or Oligosaccharide? or Disaccharide? or Lactose or Lactulose or Melibiose or Sucralfate or Oligosaccharide? or Trisaccharide? or Acarbose or Raffinose or Pectin? or Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester or Bambermycin? or Lipid A or O Antigen? or Prebiotic? or Prodigiozan or Proteoglycan? or Aggrecan? or CD44 Antigen? or Versican? or Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan? or Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan? or Biglycan or Decorin or Fibromodulin or Lumican or Sepharose or Xylan? or Sugar Acid? or Ascorbic Acid or Dehydroascorbic Acid or Diketogulonic Acid or Glucaric Acid or Gluconate? or Glyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglycerate or Tartrate? or Tartronate? or Uronic Acid? or Glucuronate? or Glucuronic Acid or Hexuronic Acid? or Iduronic Acid or Sugar Alcohol? or Dithioerythritol or Dithiothreitol or Erythritol or Erythrityl Tetranitrate or Galactitol or Dianhydrogalactitol or Mitolactol or Glycerol or Inositol or Phytic Acid or Mitobronitol or Ribitol or Sorbitol or Isosorbide or Xylitol or Sugar Phosphate? or Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate or Glycerophosphate? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Hexosephosphate? or Fructosephosphate? or Fructosediphosphate? or Galactosephosphate? or Glucosephosphate? or Glucose-6-Phosphate or Hexosediphosphate? or Mannosephosphate? or Pentosephosphate? or Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate or Ribosemonophosphate? or Ribulosephosphate? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate or Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(g adj3 kg adj3 (d or day) adj5 (Carbohydrate? or Amino Sugar? or Hexosamine? or Fructosamine or Galactosamine or Acetylgalactosamine or Glucosamine or Acetylglucosamine or Muramic Acid? or Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine or Neuraminic Acid? or Sialic Acid? or N-Acetylneuraminic Acid or Deoxy Sugar? or Deoxyglucose or Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 or Deoxyribose or Fucose or Rhamnose or Sucrose or High Fructose Corn Syrup or Glycoconjugate? or Glycolipid? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Glycopeptide? or Peplomycin or Phleomycin? or Peptidoglycan or Ristocetin or Glycoprotein? or AC133 Antigen or ADAM$ Protein? or Fertilin? or Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein? or Fibrillin? or Lipopolysaccharide? or Glycoside? or Anthocyanin? or Atractyloside or Digitonin or Acetyldigitoxin? or Acetyldigoxin? or Medigoxin or Lanatoside? or Deslanoside or Proscillaridin or Strophanthin? or Cymarine or Ouabain or Chromomycin? or Galactoside? or Methylgalactoside? or Nitrophenylgalactoside? or Thiogalactoside? or Glucoside? or Amygdalin or Arbutin or Canagliflozin or Chloralose or Esculin or Methylglucoside? or 3-O-Methylglucose or Thioglucoside? or Glucosinolate? or Glycosylated Hemoglobin A or Lincosamide? or Mannoside? or Methylmannoside? or Methylglycoside? or Novobiocin or Nucleoside? Nucleotide? or Adenosine Diphosphate or O-Acetyl-ADP-Ribose or Cyclic ADP-Ribose or Cytidine Diphosphate Diglyceride? or Guanosine Diphosphate or Uridine Diphosphate or Olivomycin? or Phlorhizin or Saponin? or Escin or Ginsenoside? or Holothurin or Quillaja Saponin? or Solanine or Teichoic Acid? or Thioglycoside? or Tomatine or Monosaccharide? or Carbasugar? or Heptose? or Mannoheptulose or Hexose? or Fructose or Galactose or Glucose or Mannose or Sorbose or Imino Sugar? or Imino Furanose? or Imino Pyranose? or 1-Deoxynojirimycin or Ketose? or Dihydroxyacetone or Xylulose or Pentose? or Arabinose or Ribose or Xylose or Tetrose? or Thiosugar? or Triose? or Glyceraldehyde or Polysaccharide? or Alginate? or Carrageenan or Chitin or Chitosan or Ficoll or Fructan? or Inulin or Galactan? or Agar or Glucan? or Lentinan or Sizofiran or Zymosan or Cellulose or Cellobiose or Hypromellose Derivative? or Methylcellulose or Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium or Dextran? or Glycogen or Isomaltose or Maltose or Starch or Amylopectin or Amylose or Dextrin? or Cyclodextrin? or Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivative? or Trehalose or Glycosaminoglycan? or Chondroitin or Dermatan Sulfate or Heparitin Sulfate or Hyaluronic Acid or Keratan Sulfate or Mannan? or Oligosaccharide? or Disaccharide? or Lactose or Lactulose or Melibiose or Sucralfate or Oligosaccharide? or Trisaccharide? or Acarbose or Raffinose or Pectin? or Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester or Bambermycin? or Lipid A or O Antigen? or Prebiotic? or Prodigiozan or Proteoglycan? or Aggrecan? or CD44 Antigen? or Versican? or Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan? or Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan? or Biglycan or Decorin or Fibromodulin or Lumican or Sepharose or Xylan? or Sugar Acid? or Ascorbic Acid or Dehydroascorbic Acid or Diketogulonic Acid or Glucaric Acid or Gluconate? or Glyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglycerate or Tartrate? or Tartronate? or Uronic Acid? or Glucuronate? or Glucuronic Acid or Hexuronic Acid? or Iduronic Acid or Sugar Alcohol? or Dithioerythritol or Dithiothreitol or Erythritol or Erythrityl Tetranitrate or Galactitol or Dianhydrogalactitol or Mitolactol or Glycerol or Inositol or Phytic Acid or Mitobronitol or Ribitol or Sorbitol or Isosorbide or Xylitol or Sugar Phosphate? or Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate or Glycerophosphate? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Hexosephosphate? or Fructosephosphate? or Fructosediphosphate? or Galactosephosphate? or Glucosephosphate? or Glucose-6-Phosphate or Hexosediphosphate? or Mannosephosphate? or Pentosephosphate? or Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate or Ribosemonophosphate? or Ribulosephosphate? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate or Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 macronutrient?).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp AMINO ACIDS/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp LIPIDS/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp PROSTAGLANDINS/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34 not 35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp CARBOHYDRATES/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp HEPARIN/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp GLYCOPEPTIDES/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp AMINOGLYCOSIDES/ad [Administration & Dosage]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/38–40</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37 not 41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">FAT EMULSIONS, INTRAVENOUS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 36 or 42</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 and 25 and 44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14 and 43</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45 or 46</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 47 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">LETTER/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">EDITORIAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEWS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp HISTORICAL ARTICLE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANECDOTES AS TOPIC/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">COMMENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CASE REPORT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/49–56</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57 not 58</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMALS/ not HUMANS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMALS, LABORATORY/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp MODELS, ANIMAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp RODENTIA/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/59–65</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48 not 66</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er5appbtab2"><div id="niceng154er5.appb.tab2" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Databases: Embase; and Embase Classic</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appb.tab2/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er5.appb.tab2_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEWBORN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(neonat$ or newborn$ or new-born$ or baby or babies).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PREMATURITY/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm$ or pre-term$ or prematur$ or pre-matur$) adj5 (birth? or born)).ab,ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm$ or pre-term$ or prematur$ or pre-matur$) adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre#mie? or premie or premies).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp LOW BIRTH WEIGHT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low adj3 birth adj3 weigh$ adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((LBW or VLBW) adj5 infan$).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICU?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/1–12</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PARENTERAL NUTRITION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PERIPHERAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">PARENTERAL SOLUTIONS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INTRAVENOUS FEEDING/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp INTRAVENOUS CATHETER/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(parenteral$ or intravenous$ or intra-venous$ or IV or venous$ or infusion?).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((peripheral$ or central$) adj3 (line? or catheter$)).ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drip?.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/14–23</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 (amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(g adj3 kg adj3 (d or day) adj5 (amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 (Lipid? or intralipid? or Ceroid or Fat? or Cholesterol? or Oil? or Fatty Acid? or Omega-3 or Omega-6 or Linolenic Acid? or Docosahexaenoic Acid? or Eicosapentaenoic Acid? or Ricinoleic Acid? or Triolein or Caprylate? or Decanoic Acid? or Decanoate? or Eicosanoic Acid? or Endocannabinoid? or Eicosanoid? or Arachidonic Acid? or Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid? or eicosatetraenoic Acid? or Isoprostane? or Neuroprostane? or Leukotriene? or SRS-A or Thromboxane? or Eicosatetraynoic Acid? or Eicosatrienoic Acid? or Lipoxin? or Linoleic Acid? or Lubiprostone or Capsaicin or Erucic Acid? or Oleic Acid? or Undecylenic Acid? or Gefarnate or Ionomycin or Oxylipin? or Sorbic Acid? or Heptanoic Acid? or Atorvastatin Calcium or Heptanoate? or Lauric Acid? or Laurate? or Mupirocin or Mycolic Acid? or Mycophenolic Acid? or Myristic Acid? or Myristate? or Palmitic Acid? or Palmitate? or Palmitoyl Coenzyme A or Prostanoic Acid? or Sodium Morrhuate or Stearic Acid? or Stearate? or Thioctic Acid? or Glyceride? or Diglyceride? or Monoglyceride? or Triglyceride? or Triacetin or Glycolipid? or Cord Factor? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Sugar? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Monosaccharide? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Oligosaccharide? or Lipofuscin or Lipopolysaccharide? or O Antigen? or Lipoprotein? or Apolipoprotein? or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 5 or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 8 or Chylomicron? or Apoprotein or Phospholipid? or Glycerophosphate? or Phosphatidic Acid? or Glycerophospholipid? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Phosphatidylcholine? or Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine or Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or Lecithin? or Phosphatidylethanolamine? or Phosphatidylglycerol? or Cardiolipin? or Phosphatidylinositol? or Phosphatidylserine? or Phospholipid Ether? or Plasmalogen? or Platelet Activating Factor or Lysophospholipid? or Lysophosphatidylcholine? or Sphingomyelin? or Proteolipid? or Sphingolipid? or Sterol? or Adosterol or Cholecalciferol or Hydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcifediol or Dihydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcitriol or Dihydroxyvitamin D3 or Azacosterol or Cholestanol or Dehydrocholesterol? or Desmosterol or 19-Iodocholesterol or Oxysterol? or Hydroxycholesterol? or Ketocholesterol? or Ergocalciferol? or 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 or Dihydrotachysterol or Lanosterol or Phytosterol? or Brassinosteroid? or Ecdysteroid? or Sitosterol? or Stigmasterol or Withanolide? or Solanine or Polyhydroxyalkanoate?)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(g adj3 kg adj3 (d or day) adj5 (Lipid? or intralipid? or Ceroid or Fat? or Cholesterol? or Oil? or Fatty Acid? or Omega-3 or Omega-6 or Linolenic Acid? or Docosahexaenoic Acid? or Eicosapentaenoic Acid? or Ricinoleic Acid? or Triolein or Caprylate? or Decanoic Acid? or Decanoate? or Eicosanoic Acid? or Endocannabinoid? or Eicosanoid? or Arachidonic Acid? or Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid? or eicosatetraenoic Acid? or Isoprostane? or Neuroprostane? or Leukotriene? or SRS-A or Thromboxane? or Eicosatetraynoic Acid? or Eicosatrienoic Acid? or Lipoxin? or Linoleic Acid? or Lubiprostone or Capsaicin or Erucic Acid? or Oleic Acid? or Undecylenic Acid? or Gefarnate or Ionomycin or Oxylipin? or Sorbic Acid? or Heptanoic Acid? or Atorvastatin Calcium or Heptanoate? or Lauric Acid? or Laurate? or Mupirocin or Mycolic Acid? or Mycophenolic Acid? or Myristic Acid? or Myristate? or Palmitic Acid? or Palmitate? or Palmitoyl Coenzyme A or Prostanoic Acid? or Sodium Morrhuate or Stearic Acid? or Stearate? or Thioctic Acid? or Glyceride? or Diglyceride? or Monoglyceride? or Triglyceride? or Triacetin or Glycolipid? or Cord Factor? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Sugar? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Monosaccharide? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Oligosaccharide? or Lipofuscin or Lipopolysaccharide? or O Antigen? or Lipoprotein? or Apolipoprotein? or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 5 or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 8 or Chylomicron? or Apoprotein or Phospholipid? or Glycerophosphate? or Phosphatidic Acid? or Glycerophospholipid? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Phosphatidylcholine? or Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine or Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or Lecithin? or Phosphatidylethanolamine? or Phosphatidylglycerol? or Cardiolipin? or Phosphatidylinositol? or Phosphatidylserine? or Phospholipid Ether? or Plasmalogen? or Platelet Activating Factor or Lysophospholipid? or Lysophosphatidylcholine? or Sphingomyelin? or Proteolipid? or Sphingolipid? or Sterol? or Adosterol or Cholecalciferol or Hydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcifediol or Dihydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcitriol or Dihydroxyvitamin D3 or Azacosterol or Cholestanol or Dehydrocholesterol? or Desmosterol or 19-Iodocholesterol or Oxysterol? or Hydroxycholesterol? or Ketocholesterol? or Ergocalciferol? or 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 or Dihydrotachysterol or Lanosterol or Phytosterol? or Brassinosteroid? or Ecdysteroid? or Sitosterol? or Stigmasterol or Withanolide? or Solanine or Polyhydroxyalkanoate?)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 (Carbohydrate? or Amino Sugar? or Hexosamine? or Fructosamine or Galactosamine or Acetylgalactosamine or Glucosamine or Acetylglucosamine or Muramic Acid? or Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine or Neuraminic Acid? or Sialic Acid? or N-Acetylneuraminic Acid or Deoxy Sugar? or Deoxyglucose or Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 or Deoxyribose or Fucose or Rhamnose or Sucrose or High Fructose Corn Syrup or Glycoconjugate? or Glycolipid? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Glycopeptide? or Peplomycin or Phleomycin? or Peptidoglycan or Ristocetin or Glycoprotein? or AC133 Antigen or ADAM$ Protein? or Fertilin? or Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein? or Fibrillin? or Lipopolysaccharide? or Glycoside? or Anthocyanin? or Atractyloside or Digitonin or Acetyldigitoxin? or Acetyldigoxin? or Medigoxin or Lanatoside? or Deslanoside or Proscillaridin or Strophanthin? or Cymarine or Ouabain or Chromomycin? or Galactoside? or Methylgalactoside? or Nitrophenylgalactoside? or Thiogalactoside? or Glucoside? or Amygdalin or Arbutin or Canagliflozin or Chloralose or Esculin or Methylglucoside? or 3-O-Methylglucose or Thioglucoside? or Glucosinolate? or Glycosylated Hemoglobin A or Lincosamide? or Mannoside? or Methylmannoside? or Methylglycoside? or Novobiocin or Nucleoside? Nucleotide? or Adenosine Diphosphate or O-Acetyl-ADP-Ribose or Cyclic ADP-Ribose or Cytidine Diphosphate Diglyceride? or Guanosine Diphosphate or Uridine Diphosphate or Olivomycin? or Phlorhizin or Saponin? or Escin or Ginsenoside? or Holothurin or Quillaja Saponin? or Solanine or Teichoic Acid? or Thioglycoside? or Tomatine or Monosaccharide? or Carbasugar? or Heptose? or Mannoheptulose or Hexose? or Fructose or Galactose or Glucose or Mannose or Sorbose or Imino Sugar? or Imino Furanose? or Imino Pyranose? or 1-Deoxynojirimycin or Ketose? or Dihydroxyacetone or Xylulose or Pentose? or Arabinose or Ribose or Xylose or Tetrose? or Thiosugar? or Triose? or Glyceraldehyde or Polysaccharide? or Alginate? or Carrageenan or Chitin or Chitosan or Ficoll or Fructan? or Inulin or Galactan? or Agar or Glucan? or Lentinan or Sizofiran or Zymosan or Cellulose or Cellobiose or Hypromellose Derivative? or Methylcellulose or Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium or Dextran? or Glycogen or Isomaltose or Maltose or Starch or Amylopectin or Amylose or Dextrin? or Cyclodextrin? or Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivative? or Trehalose or Glycosaminoglycan? or Chondroitin or Dermatan Sulfate or Heparitin Sulfate or Hyaluronic Acid or Keratan Sulfate or Mannan? or Oligosaccharide? or Disaccharide? or Lactose or Lactulose or Melibiose or Sucralfate or Oligosaccharide? or Trisaccharide? or Acarbose or Raffinose or Pectin? or Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester or Bambermycin? or Lipid A or O Antigen? or Prebiotic? or Prodigiozan or Proteoglycan? or Aggrecan? or CD44 Antigen? or Versican? or Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan? or Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan? or Biglycan or Decorin or Fibromodulin or Lumican or Sepharose or Xylan? or Sugar Acid? or Ascorbic Acid or Dehydroascorbic Acid or Diketogulonic Acid or Glucaric Acid or Gluconate? or Glyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglycerate or Tartrate? or Tartronate? or Uronic Acid? or Glucuronate? or Glucuronic Acid or Hexuronic Acid? or Iduronic Acid or Sugar Alcohol? or Dithioerythritol or Dithiothreitol or Erythritol or Erythrityl Tetranitrate or Galactitol or Dianhydrogalactitol or Mitolactol or Glycerol or Inositol or Phytic Acid or Mitobronitol or Ribitol or Sorbitol or Isosorbide or Xylitol or Sugar Phosphate? or Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate or Glycerophosphate? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Hexosephosphate? or Fructosephosphate? or Fructosediphosphate? or Galactosephosphate? or Glucosephosphate? or Glucose-6-Phosphate or Hexosediphosphate? or Mannosephosphate? or Pentosephosphate? or Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate or Ribosemonophosphate? or Ribulosephosphate? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate or Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(g adj3 kg adj3 (d or day) adj5 (Carbohydrate? or Amino Sugar? or Hexosamine? or Fructosamine or Galactosamine or Acetylgalactosamine or Glucosamine or Acetylglucosamine or Muramic Acid? or Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine or Neuraminic Acid? or Sialic Acid? or N-Acetylneuraminic Acid or Deoxy Sugar? or Deoxyglucose or Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 or Deoxyribose or Fucose or Rhamnose or Sucrose or High Fructose Corn Syrup or Glycoconjugate? or Glycolipid? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Glycopeptide? or Peplomycin or Phleomycin? or Peptidoglycan or Ristocetin or Glycoprotein? or AC133 Antigen or ADAM$ Protein? or Fertilin? or Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein? or Fibrillin? or Lipopolysaccharide? or Glycoside? or Anthocyanin? or Atractyloside or Digitonin or Acetyldigitoxin? or Acetyldigoxin? or Medigoxin or Lanatoside? or Deslanoside or Proscillaridin or Strophanthin? or Cymarine or Ouabain or Chromomycin? or Galactoside? or Methylgalactoside? or Nitrophenylgalactoside? or Thiogalactoside? or Glucoside? or Amygdalin or Arbutin or Canagliflozin or Chloralose or Esculin or Methylglucoside? or 3-O-Methylglucose or Thioglucoside? or Glucosinolate? or Glycosylated Hemoglobin A or Lincosamide? or Mannoside? or Methylmannoside? or Methylglycoside? or Novobiocin or Nucleoside? Nucleotide? or Adenosine Diphosphate or O-Acetyl-ADP-Ribose or Cyclic ADP-Ribose or Cytidine Diphosphate Diglyceride? or Guanosine Diphosphate or Uridine Diphosphate or Olivomycin? or Phlorhizin or Saponin? or Escin or Ginsenoside? or Holothurin or Quillaja Saponin? or Solanine or Teichoic Acid? or Thioglycoside? or Tomatine or Monosaccharide? or Carbasugar? or Heptose? or Mannoheptulose or Hexose? or Fructose or Galactose or Glucose or Mannose or Sorbose or Imino Sugar? or Imino Furanose? or Imino Pyranose? or 1-Deoxynojirimycin or Ketose? or Dihydroxyacetone or Xylulose or Pentose? or Arabinose or Ribose or Xylose or Tetrose? or Thiosugar? or Triose? or Glyceraldehyde or Polysaccharide? or Alginate? or Carrageenan or Chitin or Chitosan or Ficoll or Fructan? or Inulin or Galactan? or Agar or Glucan? or Lentinan or Sizofiran or Zymosan or Cellulose or Cellobiose or Hypromellose Derivative? or Methylcellulose or Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium or Dextran? or Glycogen or Isomaltose or Maltose or Starch or Amylopectin or Amylose or Dextrin? or Cyclodextrin? or Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivative? or Trehalose or Glycosaminoglycan? or Chondroitin or Dermatan Sulfate or Heparitin Sulfate or Hyaluronic Acid or Keratan Sulfate or Mannan? or Oligosaccharide? or Disaccharide? or Lactose or Lactulose or Melibiose or Sucralfate or Oligosaccharide? or Trisaccharide? or Acarbose or Raffinose or Pectin? or Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester or Bambermycin? or Lipid A or O Antigen? or Prebiotic? or Prodigiozan or Proteoglycan? or Aggrecan? or CD44 Antigen? or Versican? or Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan? or Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan? or Biglycan or Decorin or Fibromodulin or Lumican or Sepharose or Xylan? or Sugar Acid? or Ascorbic Acid or Dehydroascorbic Acid or Diketogulonic Acid or Glucaric Acid or Gluconate? or Glyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglycerate or Tartrate? or Tartronate? or Uronic Acid? or Glucuronate? or Glucuronic Acid or Hexuronic Acid? or Iduronic Acid or Sugar Alcohol? or Dithioerythritol or Dithiothreitol or Erythritol or Erythrityl Tetranitrate or Galactitol or Dianhydrogalactitol or Mitolactol or Glycerol or Inositol or Phytic Acid or Mitobronitol or Ribitol or Sorbitol or Isosorbide or Xylitol or Sugar Phosphate? or Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate or Glycerophosphate? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Hexosephosphate? or Fructosephosphate? or Fructosediphosphate? or Galactosephosphate? or Glucosephosphate? or Glucose-6-Phosphate or Hexosediphosphate? or Mannosephosphate? or Pentosephosphate? or Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate or Ribosemonophosphate? or Ribulosephosphate? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate or Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose)).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal$ or Optimis$ or Requir$ or Target? or Rate? or Increment$ or Safe$ or Efficacy or Initiat$ or Start$ or Introduc$ or Receiv$ or Administer$) adj5 macronutrient?).mp.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp AMINO ACIDS/do [Drug Dose]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp LIPID/do [Drug Dose]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp PROSTAGLANDIN/do [Drug Dose]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33 not 34</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp CARBOHYDRATE/do [Drug Dose]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp HEPARIN/do [Drug Dose]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp GLYCOPEPTIDE/do [Drug Dose]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp AMINOGLYCOSIDE/do [Drug Dose]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/37–39</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36 not 40</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp AMINO ACIDS/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp LIPID/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp PROSTAGLANDIN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43 not 44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp CARBOHYDRATE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp HEPARIN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">48</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp GLYCOPEPTIDE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">49</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp AMINOGLYCOSIDE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">50</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/47–49</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">51</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46 not 50</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">OPTIMAL DRUG DOSE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">53</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">54</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG DOSE REGIMEN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">55</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DOSE CALCULATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">56</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG DOSE COMPARISON/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">57</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG DOSE ESCALATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">58</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG DOSE INCREASE/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">59</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG DOSE INTENSIFICATION/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">60</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 35 or 41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">61</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42 or 45 or 51</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">52 or 53 or 54 or 55 or 56 or 57 or 58 or 59</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 and 24 and 60</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">64</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 and 24 and 61 and 62</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">65</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/63–64</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">limit 65 to english language</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">67</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">letter.pt. or LETTER/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">68</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">note.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">editorial.pt.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">70</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CASE REPORT/ or CASE STUDY/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">71</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(letter or comment*).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/67–71</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">73</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL/ or random*.ti,ab.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">74</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">72 not 73</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">75</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMAL/ not HUMAN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">76</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NONHUMAN/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">77</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp ANIMAL EXPERIMENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">78</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">79</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">ANIMAL MODEL/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">80</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">exp RODENT/</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">81</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(rat or rats or mouse or mice).ti.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">82</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">or/74–81</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">83</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab2_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66 not 82</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er5appbtab3"><div id="niceng154er5.appb.tab3" class="table"><h3><span class="title">Databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects; and Health Technology Assessment</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appb.tab3/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er5.appb.tab3_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">#</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Searches</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INFANT, NEWBORN] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">2</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(neonat* or newborn* or new-born* or baby or babies):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">3</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PREMATURE BIRTH] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">4</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm* or pre-term* or prematur* or pre-matur*) near/5 (birth* or born)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">5</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INFANT, PREMATURE] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">6</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((preterm* or pre-term* or prematur* or pre-matur*) near/5 infan*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">7</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(pre#mie? or premie or premies):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">9</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(low near/3 birth near/3 weigh* near/5 infan*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">10</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((LBW or VLBW) near/5 infan*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">11</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INTENSIVE CARE, NEONATAL] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">12</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INTENSIVE CARE UNITS, NEONATAL] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">NICU?:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">14</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">15</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PARENTERAL NUTRITION] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PARENTERAL NUTRITION, TOTAL] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">17</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PARENTERAL NUTRITION SOLUTIONS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">18</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [ADMINISTRATION, INTRAVENOUS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">19</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [INFUSIONS, INTRAVENOUS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">21</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [CATHETERIZATION, PERIPHERAL] explode all trees</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">22</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(parenteral* or intravenous* or intra-venous* or IV or venous* or infusion*):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">23</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((peripheral* or central*) near/3 (line? or catheter*)):ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">24</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">drip?:ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">25</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23 or #24</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal* or Optimis* or Requir* or Target? or Rate? or Increment* or Safe* or Efficacy or Initiat* or Start* or Introduc* or Receiv* or Administer*) near/5 (amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid)) :ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">27</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(g adj3 kg adj3 (d or day) near/5 (amino acid? or Alanine or Pantothenic Acid or Lysinoalanine or Mimosine or Chloromethyl Ketone? or Aspartic Acid or Isoaspartic Acid or N-Methylaspartate or Potassium Magnesium Aspartate or Glutamate? or 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid or Glutamic Acid or Sodium Glutamate or Pemetrexed or Polyglutamic Acid or Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid or Arginine or Argininosuccinic Acid or Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide or Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide or Homoarginine or Nitroarginine or omega-N-Methylarginine or Tosylarginine Methyl Ester or Asparagine or Glutamine or Proglumide or Lysine or Hydroxylysine or Polylysine or Ornithine or Eflornithine or Aminoisobutyric Acids or Isoleucine or Leucine or Valine or 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate or Valsartan or Dextrothyroxine or Phenylalanine or Dihydroxyphenylalanine or Cysteinyldopa or Levodopa or Methyldopa or Fenclonine or N-Formylmethionine or p-Fluorophenylalanine or Thyroxine or Thyronine? or Diiodothyronine? or Triiodothyronine or Tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan or Tyrosine or Betalain? or Betacyanin? or Diiodotyrosine or Melanin? or Methyltyrosine? or Monoiodotyrosine or Phosphotyrosine or Cycloleucine or Desmosine or Histidine or Ergothioneine or Methylhistidine? or Imino Acid? or Azetidinecarboxylic Acid or Proline or Captopril or Fosinopril or Hydroxyproline or Technetium Tc 99m or Isodesmosine or NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester or Citrulline or Cystathionine or Cystine or Diaminopimelic Acid or Homocystine or 2-Aminoadipic Acid or Carbocysteine or Methionine or Racemethionine or Threonine or Phosphothreonine or Cysteine or Serine or Azaserine or Droxidopa or Enterobactin or Phosphoserine or Cysteic Acid or Acetylcysteine or Selenocysteine or Ethionine or Homocysteine or S-Adenosylhomocysteine or S-Adenosylmethionine or Buthionine Sulfoximine or Selenomethionine or Vitamin U or Penicillamine or S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine or Thiorphan or Tiopronin or Aminobutyrate? or gamma-Aminobutyric Acid or Pregabalin or Vigabatrin or Aminocaproate? or Aminocaproic Acid or Norleucine or Diazooxonorleucine or Aminolevulinic Acid or Canavanine or Creatine or Phosphocreatine or Glycine? or Allylglycine or Glycocholic Acid or Glycodeoxycholic Acid or Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid or Sarcosine or Homoserine or Kynurenine or Oxamic Acid or Phosphoamino Acid? or Quisqualic Acid)) :ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">28</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal* or Optimis* or Requir* or Target? or Rate? or Increment* or Safe* or Efficacy or Initiat* or Start* or Introduc* or Receiv* or Administer*) near/5 (Lipid? or intralipid? or Ceroid or Fat? or Cholesterol? or Oil? or Fatty Acid? or Omega-3 or Omega-6 or Linolenic Acid? or Docosahexaenoic Acid? or Eicosapentaenoic Acid? or Ricinoleic Acid? or Triolein or Caprylate? or Decanoic Acid? or Decanoate? or Eicosanoic Acid? or Endocannabinoid? or Eicosanoid? or Arachidonic Acid? or Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid? or eicosatetraenoic Acid? or Isoprostane? or Neuroprostane? or Leukotriene? or SRS-A or Thromboxane? or Eicosatetraynoic Acid? or Eicosatrienoic Acid? or Lipoxin? or Linoleic Acid? or Lubiprostone or Capsaicin or Erucic Acid? or Oleic Acid? or Undecylenic Acid? or Gefarnate or Ionomycin or Oxylipin? or Sorbic Acid? or Heptanoic Acid? or Atorvastatin Calcium or Heptanoate? or Lauric Acid? or Laurate? or Mupirocin or Mycolic Acid? or Mycophenolic Acid? or Myristic Acid? or Myristate? or Palmitic Acid? or Palmitate? or Palmitoyl Coenzyme A or Prostanoic Acid? or Sodium Morrhuate or Stearic Acid? or Stearate? or Thioctic Acid? or Glyceride? or Diglyceride? or Monoglyceride? or Triglyceride? or Triacetin or Glycolipid? or Cord Factor? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Sugar? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Monosaccharide? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Oligosaccharide? or Lipofuscin or Lipopolysaccharide? or O Antigen? or Lipoprotein? or Apolipoprotein? or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 5 or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 8 or Chylomicron? or Apoprotein or Phospholipid? or Glycerophosphate? or Phosphatidic Acid? or Glycerophospholipid? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Phosphatidylcholine? or Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine or Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or Lecithin? or Phosphatidylethanolamine? or Phosphatidylglycerol? or Cardiolipin? or Phosphatidylinositol? or Phosphatidylserine? or Phospholipid Ether? or Plasmalogen? or Platelet Activating Factor or Lysophospholipid? or Lysophosphatidylcholine? or Sphingomyelin? or Proteolipid? or Sphingolipid? or Sterol? or Adosterol or Cholecalciferol or Hydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcifediol or Dihydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcitriol or Dihydroxyvitamin D3 or Azacosterol or Cholestanol or Dehydrocholesterol? or Desmosterol or 19-Iodocholesterol or Oxysterol? or Hydroxycholesterol? or Ketocholesterol? or Ergocalciferol? or 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 or Dihydrotachysterol or Lanosterol or Phytosterol? or Brassinosteroid? or Ecdysteroid? or Sitosterol? or Stigmasterol or Withanolide? or Solanine or Polyhydroxyalkanoate?)) :ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">29</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(g adj3 kg adj3 (d or day) near/5 (Lipid? or intralipid? or Ceroid or Fat? or Cholesterol? or Oil? or Fatty Acid? or Omega-3 or Omega-6 or Linolenic Acid? or Docosahexaenoic Acid? or Eicosapentaenoic Acid? or Ricinoleic Acid? or Triolein or Caprylate? or Decanoic Acid? or Decanoate? or Eicosanoic Acid? or Endocannabinoid? or Eicosanoid? or Arachidonic Acid? or Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid? or eicosatetraenoic Acid? or Isoprostane? or Neuroprostane? or Leukotriene? or SRS-A or Thromboxane? or Eicosatetraynoic Acid? or Eicosatrienoic Acid? or Lipoxin? or Linoleic Acid? or Lubiprostone or Capsaicin or Erucic Acid? or Oleic Acid? or Undecylenic Acid? or Gefarnate or Ionomycin or Oxylipin? or Sorbic Acid? or Heptanoic Acid? or Atorvastatin Calcium or Heptanoate? or Lauric Acid? or Laurate? or Mupirocin or Mycolic Acid? or Mycophenolic Acid? or Myristic Acid? or Myristate? or Palmitic Acid? or Palmitate? or Palmitoyl Coenzyme A or Prostanoic Acid? or Sodium Morrhuate or Stearic Acid? or Stearate? or Thioctic Acid? or Glyceride? or Diglyceride? or Monoglyceride? or Triglyceride? or Triacetin or Glycolipid? or Cord Factor? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Sugar? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Monosaccharide? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Oligosaccharide? or Lipofuscin or Lipopolysaccharide? or O Antigen? or Lipoprotein? or Apolipoprotein? or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 5 or ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Sub-Family G Member 8 or Chylomicron? or Apoprotein or Phospholipid? or Glycerophosphate? or Phosphatidic Acid? or Glycerophospholipid? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Phosphatidylcholine? or Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine or Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or Lecithin? or Phosphatidylethanolamine? or Phosphatidylglycerol? or Cardiolipin? or Phosphatidylinositol? or Phosphatidylserine? or Phospholipid Ether? or Plasmalogen? or Platelet Activating Factor or Lysophospholipid? or Lysophosphatidylcholine? or Sphingomyelin? or Proteolipid? or Sphingolipid? or Sterol? or Adosterol or Cholecalciferol or Hydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcifediol or Dihydroxycholecalciferol? or Calcitriol or Dihydroxyvitamin D3 or Azacosterol or Cholestanol or Dehydrocholesterol? or Desmosterol or 19-Iodocholesterol or Oxysterol? or Hydroxycholesterol? or Ketocholesterol? or Ergocalciferol? or 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 or Dihydrotachysterol or Lanosterol or Phytosterol? or Brassinosteroid? or Ecdysteroid? or Sitosterol? or Stigmasterol or Withanolide? or Solanine or Polyhydroxyalkanoate?)) :ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">30</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal* or Optimis* or Requir* or Target? or Rate? or Increment* or Safe* or Efficacy or Initiat* or Start* or Introduc* or Receiv* or Administer*) near/5 (Carbohydrate? or Amino Sugar? or Hexosamine? or Fructosamine or Galactosamine or Acetylgalactosamine or Glucosamine or Acetylglucosamine or Muramic Acid? or Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine or Neuraminic Acid? or Sialic Acid? or N-Acetylneuraminic Acid or Deoxy Sugar? or Deoxyglucose or Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 or Deoxyribose or Fucose or Rhamnose or Sucrose or High Fructose Corn Syrup or Glycoconjugate? or Glycolipid? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Glycopeptide? or Peplomycin or Phleomycin? or Peptidoglycan or Ristocetin or Glycoprotein? or AC133 Antigen or ADAM* Protein? or Fertilin? or Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein? or Fibrillin? or Lipopolysaccharide? or Glycoside? or Anthocyanin? or Atractyloside or Digitonin or Acetyldigitoxin? or Acetyldigoxin? or Medigoxin or Lanatoside? or Deslanoside or Proscillaridin or Strophanthin? or Cymarine or Ouabain or Chromomycin? or Galactoside? or Methylgalactoside? or Nitrophenylgalactoside? or Thiogalactoside? or Glucoside? or Amygdalin or Arbutin or Canagliflozin or Chloralose or Esculin or Methylglucoside? or 3-O-Methylglucose or Thioglucoside? or Glucosinolate? or Glycosylated Hemoglobin A or Lincosamide? or Mannoside? or Methylmannoside? or Methylglycoside? or Novobiocin or Nucleoside? Nucleotide? or Adenosine Diphosphate or O-Acetyl-ADP-Ribose or Cyclic ADP-Ribose or Cytidine Diphosphate Diglyceride? or Guanosine Diphosphate or Uridine Diphosphate or Olivomycin? or Phlorhizin or Saponin? or Escin or Ginsenoside? or Holothurin or Quillaja Saponin? or Solanine or Teichoic Acid? or Thioglycoside? or Tomatine or Monosaccharide? or Carbasugar? or Heptose? or Mannoheptulose or Hexose? or Fructose or Galactose or Glucose or Mannose or Sorbose or Imino Sugar? or Imino Furanose? or Imino Pyranose? or 1-Deoxynojirimycin or Ketose? or Dihydroxyacetone or Xylulose or Pentose? or Arabinose or Ribose or Xylose or Tetrose? or Thiosugar? or Triose? or Glyceraldehyde or Polysaccharide? or Alginate? or Carrageenan or Chitin or Chitosan or Ficoll or Fructan? or Inulin or Galactan? or Agar or Glucan? or Lentinan or Sizofiran or Zymosan or Cellulose or Cellobiose or Hypromellose Derivative? or Methylcellulose or Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium or Dextran? or Glycogen or Isomaltose or Maltose or Starch or Amylopectin or Amylose or Dextrin? or Cyclodextrin? or Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivative? or Trehalose or Glycosaminoglycan? or Chondroitin or Dermatan Sulfate or Heparitin Sulfate or Hyaluronic Acid or Keratan Sulfate or Mannan? or Oligosaccharide? or Disaccharide? or Lactose or Lactulose or Melibiose or Sucralfate or Oligosaccharide? or Trisaccharide? or Acarbose or Raffinose or Pectin? or Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester or Bambermycin? or Lipid A or O Antigen? or Prebiotic? or Prodigiozan or Proteoglycan? or Aggrecan? or CD44 Antigen? or Versican? or Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan? or Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan? or Biglycan or Decorin or Fibromodulin or Lumican or Sepharose or Xylan? or Sugar Acid? or Ascorbic Acid or Dehydroascorbic Acid or Diketogulonic Acid or Glucaric Acid or Gluconate? or Glyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglycerate or Tartrate? or Tartronate? or Uronic Acid? or Glucuronate? or Glucuronic Acid or Hexuronic Acid? or Iduronic Acid or Sugar Alcohol? or Dithioerythritol or Dithiothreitol or Erythritol or Erythrityl Tetranitrate or Galactitol or Dianhydrogalactitol or Mitolactol or Glycerol or Inositol or Phytic Acid or Mitobronitol or Ribitol or Sorbitol or Isosorbide or Xylitol or Sugar Phosphate? or Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate or Glycerophosphate? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Hexosephosphate? or Fructosephosphate? or Fructosediphosphate? or Galactosephosphate? or Glucosephosphate? or Glucose-6-Phosphate or Hexosediphosphate? or Mannosephosphate? or Pentosephosphate? or Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate or Ribosemonophosphate? or Ribulosephosphate? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate or Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose)) :ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">31</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">(g adj3 kg adj3 (d or day) near/5 (Carbohydrate? or Amino Sugar? or Hexosamine? or Fructosamine or Galactosamine or Acetylgalactosamine or Glucosamine or Acetylglucosamine or Muramic Acid? or Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine or Neuraminic Acid? or Sialic Acid? or N-Acetylneuraminic Acid or Deoxy Sugar? or Deoxyglucose or Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 or Deoxyribose or Fucose or Rhamnose or Sucrose or High Fructose Corn Syrup or Glycoconjugate? or Glycolipid? or Galactolipid? or Glycosphingolipid? or Ganglioside? or Sulfoglycosphingolipid? or Ceramide? or Cerebroside? or Galactosylceramide? or Glucosylceramide? or Globoside? or Lactosylceramide? or Trihexosylceramide? or Sphingomyelin? or Psychosine or Glycosylphosphatidylinositol? or Glycopeptide? or Peplomycin or Phleomycin? or Peptidoglycan or Ristocetin or Glycoprotein? or AC133 Antigen or ADAM* Protein? or Fertilin? or Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein? or Fibrillin? or Lipopolysaccharide? or Glycoside? or Anthocyanin? or Atractyloside or Digitonin or Acetyldigitoxin? or Acetyldigoxin? or Medigoxin or Lanatoside? or Deslanoside or Proscillaridin or Strophanthin? or Cymarine or Ouabain or Chromomycin? or Galactoside? or Methylgalactoside? or Nitrophenylgalactoside? or Thiogalactoside? or Glucoside? or Amygdalin or Arbutin or Canagliflozin or Chloralose or Esculin or Methylglucoside? or 3-O-Methylglucose or Thioglucoside? or Glucosinolate? or Glycosylated Hemoglobin A or Lincosamide? or Mannoside? or Methylmannoside? or Methylglycoside? or Novobiocin or Nucleoside? Nucleotide? or Adenosine Diphosphate or O-Acetyl-ADP-Ribose or Cyclic ADP-Ribose or Cytidine Diphosphate Diglyceride? or Guanosine Diphosphate or Uridine Diphosphate or Olivomycin? or Phlorhizin or Saponin? or Escin or Ginsenoside? or Holothurin or Quillaja Saponin? or Solanine or Teichoic Acid? or Thioglycoside? or Tomatine or Monosaccharide? or Carbasugar? or Heptose? or Mannoheptulose or Hexose? or Fructose or Galactose or Glucose or Mannose or Sorbose or Imino Sugar? or Imino Furanose? or Imino Pyranose? or 1-Deoxynojirimycin or Ketose? or Dihydroxyacetone or Xylulose or Pentose? or Arabinose or Ribose or Xylose or Tetrose? or Thiosugar? or Triose? or Glyceraldehyde or Polysaccharide? or Alginate? or Carrageenan or Chitin or Chitosan or Ficoll or Fructan? or Inulin or Galactan? or Agar or Glucan? or Lentinan or Sizofiran or Zymosan or Cellulose or Cellobiose or Hypromellose Derivative? or Methylcellulose or Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium or Dextran? or Glycogen or Isomaltose or Maltose or Starch or Amylopectin or Amylose or Dextrin? or Cyclodextrin? or Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivative? or Trehalose or Glycosaminoglycan? or Chondroitin or Dermatan Sulfate or Heparitin Sulfate or Hyaluronic Acid or Keratan Sulfate or Mannan? or Oligosaccharide? or Disaccharide? or Lactose or Lactulose or Melibiose or Sucralfate or Oligosaccharide? or Trisaccharide? or Acarbose or Raffinose or Pectin? or Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester or Bambermycin? or Lipid A or O Antigen? or Prebiotic? or Prodigiozan or Proteoglycan? or Aggrecan? or CD44 Antigen? or Versican? or Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan? or Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan? or Biglycan or Decorin or Fibromodulin or Lumican or Sepharose or Xylan? or Sugar Acid? or Ascorbic Acid or Dehydroascorbic Acid or Diketogulonic Acid or Glucaric Acid or Gluconate? or Glyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglyceric Acid? or Diphosphoglycerate or Tartrate? or Tartronate? or Uronic Acid? or Glucuronate? or Glucuronic Acid or Hexuronic Acid? or Iduronic Acid or Sugar Alcohol? or Dithioerythritol or Dithiothreitol or Erythritol or Erythrityl Tetranitrate or Galactitol or Dianhydrogalactitol or Mitolactol or Glycerol or Inositol or Phytic Acid or Mitobronitol or Ribitol or Sorbitol or Isosorbide or Xylitol or Sugar Phosphate? or Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate or Glycerophosphate? or Glycerylphosphorylcholine or Hexosephosphate? or Fructosephosphate? or Fructosediphosphate? or Galactosephosphate? or Glucosephosphate? or Glucose-6-Phosphate or Hexosediphosphate? or Mannosephosphate? or Pentosephosphate? or Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate or Ribosemonophosphate? or Ribulosephosphate? or Polyisoprenyl Phosphate or Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose)) :ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">32</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">((Dose? or Dosage? or Regimen? or Amount? or Optimal* or Optimis* or Requir* or Target? or Rate? or Increment* or Safe* or Efficacy or Initiat* or Start* or Introduc* or Receiv* or Administer*) near/5 macronutrient?) :ti,ab</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">33</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [AMINO ACIDS] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">34</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [LIPIDS] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">35</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [PROSTAGLANDINS] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">36</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#34 not #35</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">37</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [CARBOHYDRATES] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">38</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [HEPARIN] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">39</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [GLYCOPEPTIDES] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">40</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [AMINOGLYCOSIDES] explode all trees and with qualifier(s): [Administration & dosage - AD]</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">41</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#38 or #39 or #40</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">42</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#37 not #41</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">43</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MeSH descriptor: [FAT EMULSIONS, INTRAVENOUS] this term only</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">44</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#26 or #27 or #28 or #29 or #30 or #31 or #32 or #33 or #36 or #42</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">45</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14 and #25 and #44</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">46</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#14 and #43</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">47</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appb.tab3_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">#45 or #46</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobniceng154er5appcfig1"><div id="niceng154er5.appc.fig1" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Figure%201.%20PRISMA%20Flow%20chart%20of%20clinical%20article%20selection%20for%20review%20questions%20on%20optimal%20target%20dose%20and%20approach%20for%20carbohydrates.&p=BOOKS&id=555672_niceng154er5appcf1.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK555672/bin/niceng154er5appcf1.jpg" alt="Figure 1. PRISMA Flow chart of clinical article selection for review questions on optimal target dose and approach for carbohydrates." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><h3><span class="label">Figure 1</span><span class="title">PRISMA Flow chart of clinical article selection for review questions on optimal target dose and approach for carbohydrates</span></h3></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er5appftab1"><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 4</span><span class="title">Evidence profile for comparison higher versus lower glucose intake</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appf.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er5.appf.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality assessment</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of patients</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Effect</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Quality</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Importance</th></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">No of studies</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Design</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Risk of bias</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Inconsistency</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Indirectness</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Imprecision</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Other considerations</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Higher glucose</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Lower glucose</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Relative (95% CI)</th><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3" id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom;">Absolute</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Infection including sepsis at 28 days - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (follow-up 28 days)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>1</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>21/74</p>
|
|
<p>(28.4%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>29/76</p>
|
|
<p>(38.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
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<p>RR 0.74</p>
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<p>(0.47 to 1.18)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">99 fewer per 1000 (from 202 fewer to 69 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
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<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Infection including sepsis at 36 weeks CGA - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>26/63</p>
|
|
<p>(41.3%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>28/64</p>
|
|
<p>(43.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.94</p>
|
|
<p>(0.63 to 1.41)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">26 fewer per 1000 (from 162 fewer to 179 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_3_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CRITICAL</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality at 28 days - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>8/74</p>
|
|
<p>(10.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>7/76</p>
|
|
<p>(9.2%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 1.17</p>
|
|
<p>(0.45 to 3.07)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">16 more per 1000 (from 51 fewer to 191 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_5_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Mortality at 36 weeks CGA - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>2</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>11/63</p>
|
|
<p>(17.5%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>12/64</p>
|
|
<p>(18.8%)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>RR 0.93</p>
|
|
<p>(0.44 to 1.95)</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">13 fewer per 1000 (from 105 fewer to 178 more)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_7_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nitrogen balance (mg/kg/day) - 60kcal; 11g/kg/day vs 5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 8 lower (30.49 lower to 14.49 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_9_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nitrogen balance (mg/kg/day) - 80kcal; 17g/kg/day vs 11g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 5 higher (3.87 lower to 13.87 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_11_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nitrogen retention (%) - 60kcal; 11g/kg/day vs 5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">very serious<sup>5</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 2.3 lower (7.26 lower to 2.66 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_13_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Nitrogen retention (%) - 80kcal; 17g/kg/day vs 11g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by lower values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>6</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 1.2 higher (0.81 lower to 3.21 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁◯◯◯</p>
|
|
<p>VERY LOW</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_15_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight (g) change at day 7 - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 20 higher (16.88 lower to 56.88 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_17_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight (g) change at day 14 - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>7</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 44 higher (5.27 to 82.73 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_19_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight (g) change at day 21 - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>8</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 64 higher (20.72 to 107.28 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_21_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight (g) change at day 28 - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>9</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 46 higher (5.91 lower to 97.91 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_23_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Weight (g) change at 36 weeks CGA - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>10</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">62</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 95 higher (15.54 to 174.46 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_25_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Head circumference (cm) change at day 7 - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 1 higher (2.05 lower to 4.05 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁⨁</p>
|
|
<p>HIGH</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_27_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Head circumference (cm) change at day 14 - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>11</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 2 higher (1.05 lower to 5.05 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_29_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Head circumference (cm) change at day 21 - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>12</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 4 higher (0.62 to 7.38 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_31_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Head circumference (cm) change at day 28 - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>13</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">66</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">69</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 6 higher (2.32 to 9.68 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_33_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Head circumference (cm) change at 36 weeks CGA - 15.6g/kg/day vs 13.5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>14</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">63</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 5 higher (1.68 to 8.32 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_35_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Actual glucose intake (g/kg/day) - 60kcal; 11g/kg/day vs 5g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 5.5 higher (5.25 to 5.75 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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<p>LOW</p>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_37_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Actual glucose intake (g/kg/day) - 80kcal; 17g/kg/day vs 11g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">observational studies</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious risk of bias</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">8<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 4.4 higher (4.15 to 4.65 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁◯◯</p>
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|
<p>LOW</p>
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|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_39_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr><tr><th headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5" id="hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" colspan="13" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Actual glucose intake (g/kg/day) - 12g/kg/day vs 8g/kg/day glucose (Better indicated by higher values)</th></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_1 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">1</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_2 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">randomised trials</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_3 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">serious<sup>15</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious inconsistency</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious indirectness</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_6 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">no serious imprecision</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_1 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_7 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">none</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_8 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_2 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_9 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">20<sup>†</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_10 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">-</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_3 hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_2_11 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MD 3.9 higher (3.7 to 4.1 higher)</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_4 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<p>⨁⨁⨁◯</p>
|
|
<p>MODERATE</p>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_1_5 hd_b_niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1_1_41_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">IMPORTANT</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="tblwrap-foot"><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">CI: confidence interval; CGA: correct for gestational age; MD: mean difference; RR: risk ratio.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_1"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for dichotomous outcomes (0.80).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_2"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 2 due to very serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses two default MID for dichotomous outcomes (0.80 and 1.25).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_3"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 2 due to very serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses both MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (−9.00 and 9.00).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_4"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (5.00).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_5"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 2 due to very serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses both default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (−2.1 and 2.1).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_6"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (1.10).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_7"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (60.64).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_8"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (69.54).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_9"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (80.15).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_10"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (122.51).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_11"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (4.80).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_12"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (5.32).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_13"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (5.62).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>14</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_14"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due to serious imprecision, 95% confidence interval crosses one default MID for continuous outcomes, calculated as 0.5 × SD control at baseline (5.04).</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>15</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_15"><p class="no_margin">Evidence was downgraded by 1 due serious risk of bias; unclear process of randomisation, unclear allocation concealment, and high risk of bias for other sources of bias.</p></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>†</dt><dd><div id="niceng154er5.appf.tab1_16"><p class="no_margin">Cross over study – babies acted as their own controls.</p></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobniceng154er5appktab1"><div id="niceng154er5.appk.tab1" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table 5</span><span class="title">Excluded studies and reasons for their exclusion</span></h3><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK555672/table/niceng154er5.appk.tab1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__niceng154er5.appk.tab1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Study</th><th id="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reason for Exclusion</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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A. S. P. E. N. Intravenous Amino Acids National Shortage Task Force, Vanek, Vincent W., Mirtallo, Jay, Robinson, Larry, Kochevar, Marty, Guenter, Peggi, Parenteral nutrition amino acids product shortage considerations, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 28, 524–7, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23917439" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23917439</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Non-systematic review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Agus, M. S. D., Javid, P. J., Piper, H. G., Wypij, D., Duggan, C. P., Ryan, D. P., Jaksic, T., The effect of insulin infusion upon protein metabolism in neonates on extracorporeal life support, Annals of Surgery, 244, 536–543, 2006 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1856573/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1856573</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16998362" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16998362</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population in the study were not given PN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Agus, M. S., Hirshberg, E., Srinivasan, V., Faustino, E. V., Luckett, P. M., Curley, M. A., Alexander, J., Asaro, L. A., Coughlin-Wells, K., Duva, D., French, J., Hasbani, N., Sisko, M. T., Soto-Rivera, C. L., Steil, G., Wypij, D., Nadkarni, V. M., Design and rationale of Heart and Lung Failure - Pediatric INsulin Titration Trial (HALF-PINT): A randomized clinical trial of tight glycemic control in hyperglycemic critically ill children, Contemporary clinical trials, 53, 178–187, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5285511/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5285511</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28042054" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28042054</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population in the study were not given PN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Al-Shahwani, Noora H., Sigalet, David L., Pathophysiology, prevention, treatment, and outcomes of intestinal failure-associated liver disease, Pediatric surgery international, 33, 405–411, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28028560" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28028560</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Altman, R. P., Randolph, J. G., Application and hazards of total parenteral nutrition in infants, Annals of Surgery, 174, 85–90, 1971 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1397430/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1397430</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4997209" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4997209</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Barennes, Hubert, Pussard, Eric, Improving the management of dysglycemia in children in the developing world, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 92, 6–8, 2015 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4347392/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4347392</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25311692" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25311692</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not PN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Beardsall, K., Vanhaesebrouck, S., Ogilvy-Stuart, A. L., Vanhole, C., Palmer, C. R., Ong, K., Vanweissenbruch, M., Midgley, P., Thompson, M., Thio, M., Cornette, L., Ossuetta, I., Iglesias, I., Theyskens, C., De Jong, M., Gill, B., Ahluwalia, J. S., De Zegher, F., Dunger, D. B., Prevalence and determinants of hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants: Cohort analyses of the NIRTURE study, Journal of Pediatrics, 157, 715, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20570286" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20570286</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Follow up study of Beardsall 2008.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Beardsall, K., Vanhaesebrouck, S., Ogilvy-Stuart, A. L., Vanhole, C., Palmer, C. R., Van Weissenbruch, M., Midgley, P., Thompson, M., Thio, M., Cornette, L., Ossuetta, I., Iglesias, I., Theyskens, C., De Jong, M., Ahluwalia, J. S., De Zegher, F., Dunger, D. B., Early insulin therapy in very-low-birth-weight infants, New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 1873–1884, 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18971490" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18971490</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">The study comparison was early vs late insulin.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Becroft, D. M., Dix, M. R., Farmer, K., Intramuscular iron-dextran and susceptibility of neonates to bacterial infections. In vitro studies, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 52, 778–81, 1977 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1544783/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1544783</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/337910" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 337910</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intramuscular intervention.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bell, E. F., Filer, L. J., Jr., Stegink, L. D., Plasma glutamate and aspartate concentrations in young infants on Neopham, Acta chirurgica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 517, 29–37, 1983 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6145275" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6145275</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bennett, Catherine, Fagan, Elyse, Chaharbakhshi, Edwin, Zamfirova, Ina, Flicker, Jai, Implementing a Protocol Using Glucose Gel to Treat Neonatal Hypoglycemia, Nursing for women’s health, 20, 64–74, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26902441" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26902441</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not PN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Beyreiss, K., Rautenbach, M., Utilization and turnover rate of fructose during continuous intravenous infusion in pre-term and term newborns in dependence on age, Biology of the Neonate, 24, 330–43, 1974 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4855358" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4855358</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Beyreiss, K., Rautenbach, M., Absorption and turnover of fructose in small for date infants compared to true pre term infants, Acta Medica Auxologica, 7, 113–120, 1975
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bier, D. M., Leake, R. D., Haymond, M. W., Arnold, K. J., Gruenke, L. D., Sperling, M. A., Kipnis, D. M., Measurement of ‘true’ glucose production rates in infancy and childhood with 6,6-dideuteroglucose, Diabetes, 26, 1016–1023, 1977 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/913891" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 913891</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Mixed population of newborns and children, outcomes in the study reported in graphical format.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Binder, N. D., Raschko, P. K., Benda, G. I., Reynolds, J. W., Insulin infusion with parenteral nutrition in extremely low birth weight infants with hyperglycemia, Journal of Pediatrics, 114, 273–280, 1989 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2492598" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2492598</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective analysis.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Biswas, S., Buffery, J., Enoch, H., Bland, M., Markiewicz, M., Walters, D., Pulmonary effects of triiodothyronine (T3) and hydrocortisone (HC) supplementation in preterm infants less than 30 weeks gestation: Results of the THORN trial - Thyroid hormone replacement in neonates, Pediatric Research, 53, 48–56, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12508081" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12508081</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention and comparator were hydrocortisone glucose vs glucose.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bombardirova, E., Belyaeva, I., Petrichyuk, S., Semenova, G., Ivanov, V., The use of metabolic therapy in treatment premature infants with severe cerebral ischemia, Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 41, 2013
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study topic not of interest, not PN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bottino,Marcela, Cowett,Richard M., Sinclair,John C., Interventions for treatment of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, -, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21975769" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21975769</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual studies checked for inclusion.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Bowie, M. D., Mulligan, P. B., Schwartz, R., Intravenous glucose tolerance in the normal newborn infant: The effects of a double dose of glucose and insulin, Pediatrics, 31, 590–598, 1963 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14014623" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14014623</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not of interest.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Brand, P. L. P., Molenaar, N. L. D., Kaaijk, C., Wierenga, W. S., Neurodevelopmental outcome of hypoglycaemia in healthy, large for gestational age, term newborns, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90, 78–81, 2005 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1720084/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1720084</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15613521" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15613521</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective analysis.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Calkins, K. L., Venick, R. S., Devaskar, S. U., Complications Associated with Parenteral Nutrition in the Neonate, Clinics in Perinatology, 41, 331–345, 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5384841/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5384841</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24873836" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24873836</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Campbell, M. A., Ferguson, I. C., Hutchison, J. H., Kerr, M. M., Diagnosis and treatment of hypoglycaemia in the newborn, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 42, 353–60, 1967 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2019771/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2019771</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4951634" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4951634</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study topic not of interest, diagnostic testing.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Candy, D. C., Parenteral nutrition in paediatric practice: a review, Journal of human nutrition, 34, 287–96, 1980 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6774011" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6774011</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Carlson,S.J., Current nutrition management of infants with chronic lung disease, Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 19, 581–586, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16215157" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16215157</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Carter, P. E., Lloyd, D. J., Duffty, P., Glucagon for hypoglycaemia in infants small for gestational age, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 63, 1264–1266, 1988 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1779030/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1779030</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3196055" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3196055</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chacko, S. K., Ordonez, J., Sauer, P. J. J., Sunehag, A. L., Gluconeogenesis is not regulated by either glucose or insulin in extremely low birth weight infants receiving total parenteral nutrition, Journal of Pediatrics, 158, 891–896, 2011 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3095705/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3095705</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21324479" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21324479</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chacko, S. K., Sunehag, A. L., Gluconeogenesis continues in premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 95, F413–F418, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20682577" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20682577</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes no relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chaudhari, S., Kadam, S., Total parenteral nutrition in neonates, Indian Pediatrics, 43, 953–964, 2006 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17151398" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17151398</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chawla, D., Thukral, A., Agarwal, R., Deorari, A. K., Paul, V. K., Parenteral nutrition, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 75, 377–383, 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18536894" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18536894</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review; individual studies checked for carbs.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chen,F.S., Chung,M.Y., Huang,C.B., Hyperglycemia in very low birth weight premature infants, Clinical Neonatology, 8, 5–8, 2001
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chilimindris, C. P., The current status of parenteral nutritional therapy, Maryland state medical journal, 27, 61–5, 1978 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/99605" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 99605</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Old, non-systematic review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chirinian, N., Shah, V., Does decreasing the frequency of changing intravenous administration sets (>24 h) increase the incidence of sepsis in neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition?, Paediatrics and Child Health (Canada), 17, 501–504, 2012 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3496353/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3496353</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24179420" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24179420</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Chowning, R., Adamkin, D. H., Table to quickly calculate glucose infusion rates in neonates, Journal of Perinatology, 35, 463, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25905690" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25905690</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Christensen, M. L., Helms, R. A., Mauer, E. C., Storm, M. C., Plasma carnitine concentration and lipid metabolism in infants receiving parenteral nutrition, The Journal of pediatrics, 115, 794–8, 1989 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2509663" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2509663</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">No relevant outcomes.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cochran, E. B., Phelps, S. J., Helms, R. A., Parenteral nutrition in pediatric patients, Clinical pharmacy, 7, 351–366, 1988 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3133154" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3133154</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Collins, Carmel T., Gibson, Robert A., Miller, Jacqueline, McPhee, Andrew J., Willson, Kristyn, Smithers, Lisa G., Makrides, Maria, Carbohydrate intake is the main determinant of growth in infants born <33 weeks’ gestation when protein intake is adequate, Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 24, 451–7, 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18329853" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18329853</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective audit.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Collins, J. W., Jr., Hoppe, M., Brown, K., Edidin, D. V., Padbury, J., Ogata, E. S., A controlled trial of insulin infusion and parenteral nutrition in extremely low birth weight infants with glucose intolerance, The Journal of pediatrics, 118, 921–7, 1991 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1904090" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1904090</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Conway, A., Williams, T., Care of the critically ill newborn: parenteral alimentation, The American journal of nursing, 76, 574–7, 1976 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/818900" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 818900</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cornblath, M., Wybregt, S. H., Baens, G. S., Studies of carbohydrate metabolism in the newborn infant. vii. tests of carbohydrate tolerance in premature infants, Pediatrics, 32, 204–220, 1963 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14084322" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14084322</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Costello, I., Powell, C., Williams, A. F., Sodium glycerophosphate in the treatment of neonatal hypophosphataemia, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 73, F44–F45, 1995 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2528378/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2528378</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7552597" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7552597</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cowett, R. M., Oh, W., Pollak, A., Schwartz, R., Stonestreet, B. S., Glucose disposal of low birth weight infants: Steady state hyperglycemia produced by constant intravenous glucose infusion, Pediatrics, 63, 389–396, 1979 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/440840" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 440840</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a PN study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cowett, R. M., Oh, W., Schwartz, R., Persistent glucose production during glucose infusion in the neonate, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 71, 467–475, 1983 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC436894/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC436894</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6338038" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6338038</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not the right comparison; glucose vs saline.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Cowett, R. M., Susa, J. B., Oh, W., Schwartz, R., Glucose kinetics in glucose-infused small for gestational age infants, Pediatric Research, 18, 74–79, 1984 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6366720" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6366720</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention/outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dani, C., Poggi, C., Nutrition and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 25, 37–40, 2012 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23016616" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23016616</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Disma, N., Mameli, L., Montobbio, G., De Benedetto, S., Locatelli, B. G., Sonzogni, V., Benigni, A., Prussiani, V., Comparison between Sterofundin (and glucose 1%) and Normal Saline (with glucose 1%) for intraoperative fluid management in children aged <36 months undergoing major surgery. Multisite, Randomized, Open Trial, Paediatric Anaesthesia, 23, 286, 2013
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract, population age not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dobryanskyy, D., Dobush, O., Salabay, Z., Detsyk, O., Dubrovna, Y., Borysiuk, O., Risk factors of hyperglycemia in very low birth weight newborn infants, European Journal of Pediatrics, 175, 1615, 2016
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Risk factors study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Driscoll, J. M., Jr., Heird, W. C., Schullinger, J. N., Gongaware, R. D., Winters, R. W., Total intravenous alimentation in low-birth-weight infants: a preliminary report, The Journal of pediatrics, 81, 145–53, 1972 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4624622" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4624622</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dudrick, S. J., Ruberg, R. L., Principles and practice of parenteral nutrition, Gastroenterology, 61, 901–10, 1971 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4256646" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4256646</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Old guidelines.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dweck, H. S., Cassady, G., Glucose intolerance in infants of very low birth weight. I. Incidence of hyperglycemia in infants of birth weights 1,100 grams or less, Pediatrics, 53, 189–95, 1974 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4204573" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4204573</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dweck, H., Brans, Y., Milstead, R., Cassady, G., Glucose intolerance in infants less than 1000 grams: The effects of a double dose of glucose, Pediatric Research, 7, 386, 1973
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Dweck,H.S., Neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia: two unique perinatal metabolic problems, Postgraduate Medicine, 60, 118–124, 1976 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/934962" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 934962</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Edstrom, K., Thalme, B., Infants of mothers with a high and of mothers with a low insulin response to glucose infusion. Glucose tolerance, insulin response and clinical appearance during the early neonatal period, Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 3, 21–33, 1975 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1195081" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1195081</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ekblad, H., Kero, P., Takala, J., Stable glucose balance in premature infants with fluid restriction and early enteral feeding, Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 76, 438–443, 1987 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3111166" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3111166</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention is not PN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Embleton, N. D., Simmer, K., Practice of parenteral nutrition in VLBW and ELBW infants, World Review of Nutrition & Dietetics, 110, 177–89, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24751629" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24751629</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review. No relevant sections.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ergin, H., Ozdemir, O. M., Cirali, C., Korkut, M., Growth failure of very low birth weigth neonates at discharge, European Journal of Pediatrics, 175 (11), 1719, 2016
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Combination treatment. Cohort.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Falcao, M. C., Ramos, J. L., Prediction of hyperglycemia in preterm newborn infants, Revista do Hospital das Clinicas, 54, 3–8, 1999 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10488594" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10488594</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Falcao,M.C., Leone,C.R., Ramos,J.L., Is glycosuria a reliable indicator of adequacy of glucose infusion rate in preterm infants?, Sao Paulo Medical Journal = Revista Paulista de Medicina, 117, 19–24, 1999 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10413967" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10413967</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcome not of interest.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Falorni, A., Fracassini, F., Massi-Benedetti, F., Maffei, S., Glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in the newborn infant. Comparisons between the responses observed the first and seventh day of life to intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests, Diabetes, 23, 172–8, 1974 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4816889" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4816889</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Filler, R. M., Eraklis, A. J., Care of the critically ill child: intravenous alimentation, Pediatrics, 46, 456–61, 1970 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4989396" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4989396</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Exclude. Old review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fitzgerald,M.J., Goto,M., Myers,T.F., Zeller,W.P., Early metabolic effects of sepsis in the preterm infant: lactic acidosis and increased glucose requirement, Journal of Pediatrics, 121, 951–955, 1992 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1447665" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1447665</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Unclear how much dextrose was administered through IV at start and at end of study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Forsyth,J.S., Crighton,A., Low birthweight infants and total parenteral nutrition immediately after birth. I. Energy expenditure and respiratory quotient of ventilated and non-ventilated infants, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 73, F4–F7, 1995 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2528372/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2528372</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7552595" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7552595</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fosel, T. H., Uth, M., Wilhelm, W., Gruness, V., Comparison of two solutions with different glucose concentrations for infusion therapy during laparotomies in infants, Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin, 23, 80–4, 1996 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8777366" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8777366</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Age of population not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Fox, H. A., Krasna, I. H., Total intravenous nutrition by peripheral vein in neonatal surgical patients, Pediatrics, 52, 14–20, 1973 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4198950" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4198950</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Old review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Frey, G., Hyperalimentation: a review, Arizona Medicine, 30, 613–619, 1973 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4201962" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4201962</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Old review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Friel, J. K., Bessie, J. C., Belkhode, S. L., Edgecombe, C., Steele-Rodway, M., Downton, G., Kwa, P. G., Aziz, K., Thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and vitamin C status in premature infants receiving parenteral and enteral nutrition, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 33, 64–69, 2001 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11479410" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11479410</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison/outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Galderisi, A., Facchinetti, A., Steil, G. M., Ortiz-Rubio, P., Cobelli, C., Trevisanuto, D., Neonatal hypoglycemia continuous glucose monitoring: A randomized controlled trial in preterm infants, Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 18, 2016
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study is investigating effectiveness of glucose monitor vs no glucose monitor in neonates.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Galderisi, Alfonso, Facchinetti, Andrea, Steil, Garry M., Ortiz-Rubio, Paulina, Cavallin, Francesco, Tamborlane, William V., Baraldi, Eugenio, Cobelli, Claudio, Trevisanuto, Daniele, Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Very Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Pediatrics, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28916591" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28916591</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study is investigating effectiveness of glucose monitor vs no glucose monitor in neonates.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Ganzevoort, W., Rep, A., Bonsel, G. J., Fetter, W. P. F., Van Sonderen, L., De Vries, J. I. P., Wolf, H., A randomised controlled trial comparing two temporising management strategies, one with and one without plasma volume expansion, for severe and early onset pre-eclampsia, BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 112, 1358–1368, 2005 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16167938" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16167938</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant intervention.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gentz, J. C. H., Warrner, R., Persson, B. E. H., Cornblath, M., Intravenous glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate in underweight newborn infants, Acta Paediat.Scand., 58, 218–223, 1960 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5365171" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5365171</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not PN study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Georges, J. M., Glucose management and nutritional support of low-birth-weight neonates, The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 6, 71–7, 1992 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1588513" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1588513</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gladtke, E., Rind, H., Von Hattingberg, H. M., Attempts to influence the pharmacokinetics off glucose in newborns, Mschr.Kinderheilk., 117, 245–247, 1969 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5377521" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5377521</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Glynn, A., Barr, S., Lewis, A., Tuthill, D. P., A national audit of parenteral nutrition practise in UK neonatal intensive care units: Is practise consistent with guidelines?, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education and Practice Edition, 98, A30–A31, 2013
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not a relevant review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Gradin, M., Finnstrom, O., Schollin, J., Feeding and oral glucose - Additive effects on pain reduction in newborns, Early Human Development, 77, 57–65, 2004 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15113632" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15113632</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Grasso, S., Distefano, G., Messina, A., Vigo, R., Reitano, G., Effect of glucose priming on insulin response in the premature infant, Diabetes, 24, 291–4, 1975 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1116652" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1116652</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Grasso, S., Fallucca, F., Romeo, M. G., Distefano, G., Sciullo, E., Reitano, G., Glucagon and insulin secretion in low birthweight preterm infants. The effect of glucose infusion, Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 79, 280–285, 1990 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2185604" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2185604</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hay, William W., Jr., Strategies for feeding the preterm infant, Neonatology, 94, 245–54, 2008 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2912291/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2912291</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18836284" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18836284</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hay, William W., Jr., Intravenous nutrition of the very preterm neonate, Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement, 94, 47–56, 2005 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16214766" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16214766</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hays, D. M., Kaplan, M. S., Mahour, G. H., Strauss, J., Huxtable, R. F., High-calorie infusion therapy following surgery in low-birth-weight infants: metabolic problems encountered, Surgery, 71, 834–41, 1972 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4624087" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4624087</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hecker, J. F., Duffy, B. J., Fong, T., Wyer, M., Failure of intravenous infusions in neonates, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 27, 175–9, 1991 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1909534" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1909534</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topic not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Heird, W. C., Anderson, T. L., Nutritional requirements and methods of feeding low birth weight infants, Current problems in pediatrics, 7, 1–40, 1977 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/406118" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 406118</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Heird, W. C., Driscoll, J. M., Jr., Schullinger, J. N., Grebin, B., Winters, R. W., Intravenous alimentation in pediatric patients, The Journal of pediatrics, 80, 351–72, 1972 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4621870" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4621870</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Old review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Heird, W. C., Jensen, C. L., Gomez, M. R., Practical aspects of achieving positive energy balance in low birth weight infants, The Journal of pediatrics, 120, S120–8, 1992 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1560324" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1560324</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Energy intake, not specific to carbohydrates.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Heird, W. C., Winters, R. W., Total intravenous alimentation, American journal of diseases of children (1960), 126, 287–9, 1973 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4201013" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4201013</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Old review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hertz, D. E., Karn, C. A., Liu, Y. M., Liechty, E. A., Denne, S. C., Intravenous glucose suppresses glucose production but not proteolysis in extremely premature newborns, The Journal of clinical investigation, 92, 1752–8, 1993 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC288336/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC288336</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8408627" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8408627</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not of interest, not relevant study design.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Horvath, M., Mestyan, I., Mestyan, J., Iatrogenic hyperosmolality in critically ill low birth weight infants, Acta Paediatrica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 16, 231–242, 1975 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/817563" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 817563</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hosono, S., Ohono, T., Kimoto, H., Nagoshi, R., Shimizu, M., Nozawa, M., Preventive management of hypoglycemia in very low-birthweight infants following indomethacin therapy for patent ductus arteriosus, Pediatrics International, 43, 465–468, 2001 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11737706" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11737706</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hsiao, Chien-Chou, Tsai, Ming-Luen, Chen, Chih-Chen, Lin, Hung-Chih, Early optimal nutrition improves neurodevelopmental outcomes for very preterm infants, Nutrition reviews, 72, 532–40, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24938866" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24938866</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Old review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Hung, K. C., Su, B. H., Lin, T. W., Peng, C. T., Tsai, C. H., Glucose-insulin infusion for the early treatment of nonoliguric hyperkalemia in extremely-low-birth-weight infants, Acta paediatrica Taiwanica = Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi, 42, 282–6, 2001 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11729704" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11729704</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jacob, J., Davis, R. F., Differences in serum glucose determinations in infants with umbilical artery catheters, Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 8, 40–42, 1988 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3236093" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3236093</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topic not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jain, Ashish, Aggarwal, Rajiv, Jeeva Sankar, M., Agarwal, Ramesh, Deorari, Ashok K., Paul, Vinod K., Hypoglycemia in the newborn, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 77, 1137–42, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20821280" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20821280</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jain,A., Aggarwal,R., Jeevasanker,M., Agarwal,R., Deorari,A.K., Paul,V.K., Hypoglycemia in the newborn, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 75, 63–67, 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18245938" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18245938</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Conference abstract.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
James, B. E., Hendry, P. G., MacMahon, R. A., Total parenteral nutrition of premature infants. I. Requirement for macronutrient elements, Australian Paediatric Journal, 15, 62–66, 1979 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/114155" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 114155</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Old review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Janjua, Halima S., Mahan, John D., Patel, Hiren P., Mentser, Mark, Schwaderer, Andrew L., Continuous infusion of a standard combination solution in the management of hyperkalemia, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 26, 2503–8, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21220753" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21220753</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Johnson, J. D., Albritton, W. L., Sunshine, P., Hyperammonemia accompanying parenteral nutrition in newborn infants, The Journal of pediatrics, 81, 154–61, 1972 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4624623" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4624623</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Old review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Johnson, P. J., Review of macronutrients in parenteral nutrition for neonatal intensive care population, Neonatal network : NN, 33, 29–34, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24413034" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24413034</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jones, M. O., Pierro, A., Garlick, P. J., McNurlan, M. A., Donnell, S. C., Lloyd, D. A., Protein metabolism kinetics in neonates: effect of intravenous carbohydrate and fat, Journal of pediatric surgery, 30, 458–62, 1995 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7760242" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7760242</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Combination treatment.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Jones, M. O., Pierro, A., Hammond, P., Nunn, A., Lloyd, D. A., Glucose utilization in the surgical newborn infant receiving total parenteral nutrition, Journal of pediatric surgery, 28, 1121–5, 1993 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8308674" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8308674</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Joosten, K. F., Verhoeven, J. J., Hazelzet, J. A., Energy expenditure and substrate utilization in mechanically ventilated children, Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 15, 444–8, 1999 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10378198" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10378198</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topic not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kaemmer, A., Miller, J. D., Hyperalimentation in infancy. Experiences at the Maine Medical Center, The Journal of the Maine Medical Association, 63, 200-passim, 1972 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4626990" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4626990</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Old review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kalhan, S. C., Parimi, P., Van Beek, R., Gilfillan, C., Saker, F., Gruca, L., Sauer, P. J., Estimation of gluconeogenesis in newborn infants, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 281, E991–7, 2001 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11595655" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11595655</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Measured glucose clearance.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kalikstad, Betty, Skjerdal, Ase, Hansen, Thor Willy Ruud, Compatibility of drug infusions in the NICU, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 95, 745–8, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20570841" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20570841</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topic not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kanarek, K. S., Williams, P. R., Curran, J. S., Total parenteral nutrition in infants and children, Advances in pediatrics, 29, 151–81, 1982 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6817616" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6817616</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not carbohydrate PN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kandula, T., Fox, L., Davis, P. G., Glucagon in neonatal hypoglycaemia, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 46, 67, 2010
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Keir, A., Hansen, A., Jankov, R., Callum, J., Acker, J., Co-infusion of dextrose-containing solutions and packed red blood cells does not adversely affect in vitro red blood cell quality, Transfusion, 53, 33A, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24673191" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24673191</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Keshen, T., Miller, R., Jahoor, F., Jaksic, T., Reeds, P. J., Glucose production and gluconeogenesis are negatively related to body weight in mechanically ventilated, very low birth weight neonates, Pediatric Research, 41, 132–138, 1997 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8979302" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 8979302</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topic not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Keuth, U., Sodium bicarbonate-glucose infusion in the treatment of the respiratory distress syndrome of the premature and newborn infant. A six-year survey, German medical monthly, 12, 522–6, 1967 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6078948" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6078948</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons/outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
King, K. C., Neonatal hypoglycemia, Children’s Hospital Quarterly, 5, 97–105, 1993
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
King, K. C., Schwartz, R., Yamaguchi, K., Adam, P. A., Lack of gastrointestinal enhancement of the insulin response to glucose in newborn infants, The Journal of pediatrics, 91, 783–6, 1977 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/909020" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 909020</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes presented in graphical format.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
King, R. A., Smith, R. M., Dahlenburg, G. W., Long term postnatal development of insulin secretion in early premature infants, Early Human Development, 13, 285–94, 1986 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3522195" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3522195</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kirk, E. L., Audit to determine whether current parenteral nutrition regimens for pre-term infants on the neonatal unit are in accordance with international guidelines, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 94, e2, 2009
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kirsten, G. F., Feeding the Larger Low-Birthweight Infant in a Resource-Poor Environment, Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series, 81, 123–134, 2015 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26111569" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26111569</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Study design not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Koletzko, B, Poindexter, B, Uauy, R, Nutritional Care of Preterm Infants: Scientific Basis and Practical Guidelines., 110, 2014
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Studies for carbohydrates checked.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kubota, A., Okada, A., Nezu, R., Kamata, S., Imura, K., Takagi, Y., Hyperbilirubinemia in neonates associated with total parenteral nutrition, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 12, 602–606, 1988 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3148042" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3148042</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kulkarni, Sakil, Mercado, Velma, Rios, Mirta, Arboleda, Richard, Gomara, Roberto, Muinos, William, Reeves-Garcia, Jesse, Hernandez, Erick, Breast milk is better than formula milk in preventing parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in infants receiving prolonged parenteral nutrition, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 57, 383–8, 2013 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23689264" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23689264</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kumpf, V. J., Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in adult and pediatric patients, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 21, 279–290, 2006 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16772545" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16772545</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Narrative review.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Kutamba, E., Lubega, S., Mugalu, J., Ouma, J., Mupere, E., Dextrose boluses versus burette dextrose infusions in prevention of hypoglycemia among preterms admitted at Mulago Hospital: an open label randomized clinical trial, African health sciences, 14, 502–9, 2014 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4209651/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4209651</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25352865" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25352865</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparator treatment not PN but glucose given through a burette.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lafeber, H. N., Sulkers, E. J., Chapman, T. E., Sauer, P. J., Glucose production and oxidation in preterm infants during total parenteral nutrition, Pediatric Research, 28, 153–7, 1990 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2118616" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2118616</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lai, Nai Ming, Ahmad, Kamar Azanna, Choo, Yao Mun, Kong, Juin Yee, Ngim, Chin Fang, Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6483308/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6483308</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28762235" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28762235</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Checked individual studies.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lai, Nai Ming, Rajadurai, Samuel V, Tan, Kenneth, Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2006 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16856077" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16856077</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Larsson, L. E., Nilsson, K., Niklasson, A., Andreasson, S., Ekstrom-Jodal, B., Influence of fluid regimens on perioperative blood-glucose concentrations in neonates, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 64, 419–424, 1990 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2334614" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2334614</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Le Compte,A.J., Lynn,A.M., Lin,J., Pretty,C.G., Shaw,G.M., Chase,J.G., Pilot study of a model-based approach to blood glucose control in very-low-birthweight neonates, BMC Pediatrics, 12, 117-, 2012 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3465220/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3465220</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22871230" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22871230</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population were hyperglycaemic at start of study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Le Dune, M. A., Intravenous glucose tolerance and plasma insulin studies in small for dates infants, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 47, 111–114, 1972 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1647976/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1647976</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5018624" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 5018624</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lilien, L. D., Grajwer, L. A., Pildes, R. S., Treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia with continuous intravenous glucose infusion, Journal of Pediatrics, 91, 779–782, 1977 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/909019" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 909019</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes reported in graphical format.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lilien, L. D., Pildes, R. S., Srinivasan, G., Voora, S., Yeh, T. F., Treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia with minibolus and intravenous glucose infusion, The Journal of pediatrics, 97, 295–8, 1980 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7400902" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7400902</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Lilien, L. D., Rosenfield, R. L., Baccaro, M. M., Pildes, R. S., Hyperglycemia in stressed small premature neonates, The Journal of pediatrics, 94, 454–9, 1979 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/423036" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 423036</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mayes, K., Tan, M., Morgan, C., Effect of hyperalimentation and insulin-treated hyperglycemia on tyrosine levels in very preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition, Jpen: Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition, 38, 92–8, 2014 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23169901" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23169901</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Carbohydrate intake was dependent on fluid allowance and the same fluid protocol was used for both groups.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Miralles,R.E., Lodha,A., Perlman,M., Moore,A.M., Experience with intravenous glucagon infusions as a treatment for resistant neonatal hypoglycemia, Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 156, 999–1004, 2002 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12361445" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12361445</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Mohnike, K., Blankenstein, O., Pfuetzner, A., Potzsch, S., Schober, E., Steiner, S., Hardy, O. T., Grimberg, A., Van Waarde, W. M., Long-term non-surgical therapy of severe persistent congenital hyperinsulinism with glucagon, Hormone Research, 70, 59–64, 2008 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18493152" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18493152</span></a>]
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Retrospective study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
Morgan, C., Parry, S., Tan, M., Neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants randomized to receive two different parenteral nutrition regimens: The scamp nutrition study, Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 10, 220–221, 2017
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Abstract only.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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|
Morgan, Colin, Burgess, Laura, High Protein Intake Does Not Prevent Low Plasma Levels of Conditionally Essential Amino Acids in Very Preterm Infants Receiving Parenteral Nutrition, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 41, 455–462, 2017 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26150412" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26150412</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant - plasma amino acid levels.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Murakami, R., Katsura, N., Nakamura, H., Matsuo, T., Response to glucagon of low-birth-weight infants with early intravenous glucose infusion, Kobe Journal of Medical Sciences, 22, 229–237, 1976 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1031449" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1031449</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Nili, F., Ghafuri, M., Hypoglycemia in sick preterm infants and the therapeutic effect of 12.5% dextrose in water compared with 10% dextrose in water, Acta Medica Iranica, 43, 182–186, 2005
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not PN.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Oliven, A., King, K. C., Kalhan, S. C., Gastrointestinal enhanced insulin release in response to glucose in newborn infants, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 5, 220–5, 1986 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3514831" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3514831</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Topic not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Pohlandt, F., Heinze, E., Fussganger, F., Mayer, V., Teller, W., Insulin secretion in human neonates during long term infusion of glucose, Acta endocrinologica. Supplementum, 173, 122, 1973 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4542062" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4542062</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not PN; old study.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Pribylova, H., Melichar, V., Sabata, V., The effect of prenatal fructose infusions upon metabolic condition of the newborn, Biology of the Neonate, 32, 108–112, 1977 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/901877" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 901877</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Pribylova,J., Kozlova,J., Glucose and galactose infusions in newborns of diabetic and healthy mothers, Biology of the Neonate, 36, 193–197, 1979 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/114240" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 114240</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes reported in graphical format.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Roelants, Jorine A., Vlaardingerbroek, Hester, van den Akker, Chris H. P., de Jonge, Rogier C. J., van Goudoever, Johannes B., Vermeulen, Marijn J., Two-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Nutrition Intervention Trial in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 42, 122–131, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27875287" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27875287</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant - levels of glucose do not differ between groups.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sinclair,J.C., Bottino,M., Cowett,R.M., Interventions for prevention of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), 2011. Date of Publication, -, 2011 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21975772" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21975772</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Individual studies checked for inclusion.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Spath, Cornelia, Zamir, Itay, Sjostrom, Elisabeth Stoltz, Domellof, Magnus, Use of Concentrated Parenteral Nutrition Solutions is Associated with Improved Nutrient Intakes and Postnatal Growth in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2019 [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7064909/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7064909</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30747444" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30747444</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Insufficient information reported - not possible to compare total prescribed glucose intake in the original and concentrated PN arms as additional glucose (to that contained in the main bag) was given in the original arm (amount not reported) and glucose is expressed as g/100ml and it is unclear if prescribed fluid amount was the same for both arms.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sunehag, A. L., Parenteral glycerol enhances gluconeogenesis in very premature infants, Pediatric Research, 53, 635–641, 2003 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12612213" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12612213</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not an RCT.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Sunehag, A. L., Haymond, M. W., Schanler, R. J., Reeds, P. J., Bier, D. M., Gluconeogenesis in very low birth weight infants receiving total parenteral nutrition, Diabetes, 48, 791–800, 1999 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10102696" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10102696</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Tan, M., Parry, S., Morgan, C., Neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants randomised to receive two different parenteral nutrition regimens: The SCAMP nutrition study, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 101, A5, 2016
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Combination treatment.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Tottman, A. C., Bloomfield, F. H., Cormack, B. E., Harding, J. E., Mohd Slim, M. A., Weston, A. F., Alsweiler, J. M., Relationships between Early Nutrition and Blood Glucose Concentrations in Very Preterm Infants, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 66, 960–966, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29481441" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29481441</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Intervention not relevant - concentration of carbohydrates was the same (although fluid differed) for both arms with the exception of ELBW babies. Results were not presented separately for ELBW babies.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Tuncer, M., Occurrence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in premature and malnourished premature infants during glucose infusion in the first 48 hours of life, The Turkish journal of pediatrics, 20, 108–15, 1978 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/757834" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 757834</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Outcomes not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Usher, R., Reduction of mortality from respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity with early administration of intravenous glucose and sodium bicarbonate, Pediatrics, 32, 966–975, 1963 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14084338" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14084338</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not relevant.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Uthaya, S., Liu, X., Babalis, D., Dore, C., Warwick, J., Bell, J., Thomas, L., Ashby, D., Durighel, G., Ederies, A., Yanez-Lopez, M., Modi, N., Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates (NEON) trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition: a randomised double-blind controlled trial, Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation, 3, 2016 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27030860" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27030860</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparisons not relevant (amount of carbohydrates is not different between groups)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Vanhatalo, T., Tammela, O., Glucose infusions into peripheral veins in the management of neonatal hypoglycemia - 20% instead of 15%?, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 99, 350–353, 2010 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19397539" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19397539</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Population was not admitted to NICU, they did not require hospitalisation.</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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Zamir, Itay, Tornevi, Andreas, Abrahamsson, Thomas, Ahlsson, Fredrik, Engstrom, Eva, Hallberg, Boubou, Hansen-Pupp, Ingrid, Sjostrom, Elisabeth Stoltz, Domellof, Magnus, Hyperglycemia in Extremely Preterm Infants-Insulin Treatment, Mortality and Nutrient Intakes, The Journal of pediatrics, 200, 104–110.e1, 2018 [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29731360" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29731360</span></a>]
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</td><td headers="hd_h_niceng154er5.appk.tab1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Comparison not relevant - infants with and without hyperglycaemia.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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