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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]">
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yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548940_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Olaratumab</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK548940_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Olaratumab.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Olaratumab_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Olaratumab.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Olaratumab is a human monoclonal antibody to the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor alpha and an antineoplastic agent used in the therapy of advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Olaratumab has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to idiosyncratic acute liver injury.</p></div><div id="Olaratumab.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Olaratumab (oh" lar at' ue mab) is a recombinant human monoclonal IgG1 antibody to the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha. Signaling through PDGF receptors promotes cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Inhibition of the PDGF signaling decreases formation of new blood vessels, which plays an important role in growth and spread of cancer cells. When used in combination with other antineoplastic agents, olaratumab has been shown to extend recurrence-free survival in several forms of advanced cancer. Olaratumab was approved in the United States in 2016 for use in combination with doxorubicin for refractory, advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Olaratumab is available in solution in single use vials of 500 mg in 50 mL or 190 mg in 19 mL (10 mg/mL) under the brand name Lartruvo. The typical dose is 15 mg/kg intravenously over 60 minutes on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle. Premedication with diphenhydramine and dexamethasone is recommended with the initial dose. Olaratumab is administered with doxorubicin and this combination has significant adverse side effects, including nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, anorexia, abdominal pain, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia, and stomatitis. Uncommon, but potentially severe adverse events include severe infusion reactions, hypersensitivity reactions, and embryofetal toxicity.</p></div><div id="Olaratumab.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>In preregistration clinical trials, serum aminotransferase elevations were no more frequent in patients receiving olaratumab and doxorubicin than in those receiving doxorubicin alone (17.5% vs 16.1%), and no patient developed elevations above 5 times ULN or required dose modification or discontinuation for liver test abnormalities. Hepatotoxicity was not listed as a cause of serious adverse events or a reason for discontinuation of olaratumab. Subsequent to its approval and more general use, olaratumab has not been implicated in published cases of clinically apparent liver injury. Olaratumab is generally given with other potent antineoplastic agents and it is often difficult to attribute serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury to a specific agent being used.</p><p>Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Olaratumab.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>The possible mechanism of liver injury caused by olaratumab is not known. It is a recombinant protein and unlikely to be inherently hepatoxic. Proteins are metabolized to small polypeptides and amino acids in many cells including hepatocytes and do not alter the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes or hepatic transporter molecules. Blocking of PDGF signaling does not seem to harm liver cells or alter hepatic function.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/AntineoplasticAgents/?report=reader">Antineoplastic Agents</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/MonoclonalAntibodies/?report=reader">Monoclonal Antibodies</a></p></div></div><div id="Olaratumab.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Olaratumab_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><div id="Olaratumab.BPI" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Olaratumab – Lartruvo®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Antineoplastic Agents</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Olaratumab" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></div><div id="Olaratumab.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTUR"><h2 id="_Olaratumab_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTUR_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figOlaratumabT1"><a href="/books/NBK548940/table/Olaratumab.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobOlaratumabT1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="Olaratumab.T1"><a href="/books/NBK548940/table/Olaratumab.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobOlaratumabT1">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="Olaratumab.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Olaratumab_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 29 May 2017</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Olaratumab.R1">Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxic effects of oncotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents. In, Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999, pp. 673-708.<div><i>(Expert review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999, well before the availability of most monoclonal antibody therapies).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Olaratumab.R2">Reuben A. Hepatotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011, pp. 569-91.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity of immunosuppressive agents; mentions rituximab and problems of reactivation of hepatitis B, but also states that "the biological immunosuppressants are largely free from hepatotoxicity, with the exception of the TNF alpha antagonists"; no specific discussion of olaratumab).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Olaratumab.R3">Chabner BA, Barnes J, Neal J, Olson E, Mujagiv H, Sequist L, Wilson W, et al. Targeted therapies: tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and cytokines. In, Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011, pp. 1731-53.<div><i>(Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Olaratumab.R4">Chiorean EG, Sweeney C, Youssoufian H, Qin A, Dontabhaktuni A, Loizos N, Nippgen J, et al. A phase I study of olaratumab, an anti-platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) monoclonal antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73: 595-604.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24452395" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24452395</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 19 patients with advanced solid tumors treated with one of 5 regimens of olaratumab, there were no objective responses and the most common adverse events were fatigue, constipation, diarrhea and fever; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Olaratumab.R5">Doi T, Ma Y, Dontabhaktuni A, Nippgen C, Nippgen J, Ohtsu A. Phase I study of olaratumab in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Sci 2014; 105: 862-9.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4317910/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4317910</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24816152" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24816152</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 16 patients with various advanced tumors treated with olaratumab [10, 15 or 20 mg/kg], adverse events included proteinuria in 25% and AST elevations in 12%, but none required dose modification or discontinuation).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Olaratumab.R6">Tap WD, Jones RL, Van Tine BA, Chmielowski B, Elias AD, Adkins D, Agulnik M, et al. Olaratumab and doxorubicin versus doxorubicin alone for treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma: an open-label phase 1b and randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet 2016; 388 (10043): 488-97.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5647653/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5647653</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27291997" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27291997</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 133 patients treated with doxorubicin, addition of olaratumab [15 mg/kg] on days 1 and 8 of 21-day cycles increased the objective response rate [18% vs 12%] and overall survival [median 26.5 vs 14.7 months]; adverse events were more frequent with addition of olaratumab and included neutropenia [38% vs 35%], mucositis [53% vs 35%], nausea [73% vs 52%], vomiting [45% vs 18%], and diarrhea [34% vs 23%]; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Olaratumab.R7">van der Graaf WT. Olaratumab in soft-tissue sarcomas. Lancet 2016; 388 (10043): 442-4.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27291995" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27291995</span></a>]<div><i>(Editorial accompanying Tap [2016] discussing the promise of PDGF pathway inhibition for soft tissue sarcoma).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Olaratumab.R8">Wagner AJ, Kindler H, Gelderblom H, Schöffski P, Bauer S, Hohenberger P, Kopp HG, et al. A phase II study of a human anti-PDGFRα monoclonal antibody (olaratumab, IMC-3G3) in previously treated patients with unresectable and/or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Ann Oncol 2017; 28 (3): 541-6. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5391707/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5391707</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28426120" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28426120</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 21 patients with refractory metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with olaratumab [20 mg/kg every 2 weeks], no objective responses were seen and side effects included fatigue [38%], nausea [19%], peripheral edema [14%] and single instances of syncope and hypertension; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Olaratumab.R9">Klug LR, Heinrich MC. PDGFRA antibody for soft tissue sarcoma. Cell 2017; 168: 555.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28187274" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28187274</span></a>]<div><i>(Commentary on PDGF signaling and the possible role of its inhibition in treatment of soft tissue sarcoma).</i></div></div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK548940_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">May 29, 2017</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Olaratumab. [Updated 2017 May 29].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Olaparib/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Oliceridine/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobOlaratumabBPI"><div id="Olaratumab.BPI" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Olaratumab – Lartruvo®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Antineoplastic Agents</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Olaratumab" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobOlaratumabT1"><div id="Olaratumab.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548940/table/Olaratumab.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Olaratumab.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Olaratumab.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Olaratumab.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NO</th><th id="hd_h_Olaratumab.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Olaratumab.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Olaratumab.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Olaratumab</td><td headers="hd_h_Olaratumab.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135279750" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">1024603-93-7</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Olaratumab.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Monoclonal Antibody</td><td headers="hd_h_Olaratumab.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Not Available</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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