143 lines
46 KiB
Text
143 lines
46 KiB
Text
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" class="no-js no-jr">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<!-- For pinger, set start time and add meta elements. -->
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">var ncbi_startTime = new Date();</script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Logger begin -->
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-part">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK548916">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_domain" content="livertox">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_report" content="reader">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK548916/?report=reader">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_pagename" content="Praziquantel - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_bookparttype" content="chapter">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf">
|
|
<!-- Logger end -->
|
|
|
|
<!--component id="Page" label="meta"/-->
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Praziquantel - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8">
|
|
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="no">
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no">
|
|
<meta name="jr-col-layout" content="auto">
|
|
<meta name="jr-prev-unit" content="/books/n/livertox/Pravastatin/?report=reader">
|
|
<meta name="jr-next-unit" content="/books/n/livertox/Prazosin/?report=reader">
|
|
<meta name="bk-toc-url" content="/books/n/livertox/?report=toc">
|
|
<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE">
|
|
<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]">
|
|
<meta name="citation_title" content="Praziquantel">
|
|
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases">
|
|
<meta name="citation_date" content="2020/07/20">
|
|
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="31644222">
|
|
<meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548916/">
|
|
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Praziquantel">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Type" content="Text">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2020/07/20">
|
|
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548916/">
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Praziquantel is an anthelmintic agent with activity against a broad spectrum of trematodes and cestodes that is used predominantly in the therapy of schistosomiasis, liver flukes, and cysticercosis. Praziquantel therapy has been reported to cause serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but clinically apparent liver injury after its use is rare if it occurs at all.">
|
|
<meta name="og:title" content="Praziquantel">
|
|
<meta name="og:type" content="book">
|
|
<meta name="og:description" content="Praziquantel is an anthelmintic agent with activity against a broad spectrum of trematodes and cestodes that is used predominantly in the therapy of schistosomiasis, liver flukes, and cysticercosis. Praziquantel therapy has been reported to cause serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but clinically apparent liver injury after its use is rare if it occurs at all.">
|
|
<meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548916/">
|
|
<meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf">
|
|
<meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
|
|
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks">
|
|
<meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/livertox/Praziquantel/?report=reader">
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548916/">
|
|
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Archivo+Narrow:400,700,400italic,700italic&subset=latin" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/css/libs.min.css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/css/jr.min.css">
|
|
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css//books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_reader.min.css" type="text/css">
|
|
<style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style>
|
|
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico">
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8CD1FF7D7EEDB10000000000250021.m_5">
|
|
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3852956/3849091.css"></head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<!-- Book content! -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="jr" data-jr-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/"><div class="jr-unsupported"><table class="modal"><tr><td><span class="attn inline-block"></span><br />Your browser does not support the NLM PubReader view.<br />Go to <a href="/pmc/about/pr-browsers/">this page</a> to see a list of supported browsers<br />or return to the <br /><a href="/books/NBK548916/?report=classic">regular view</a>.</td></tr></table></div><div id="jr-ui" class="hidden"><nav id="jr-head"><div class="flexh tb"><div id="jr-tb1"><a id="jr-links-sw" class="hidden" title="Links"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 70.6 85.3" style="enable-background:new 0 0 70.6 85.3;vertical-align:middle" xml:space="preserve" width="24" height="24">
|
|
<style type="text/css">.st0{fill:#939598;}</style>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M36,0C12.8,2.2-22.4,14.6,19.6,32.5C40.7,41.4-30.6,14,35.9,9.8"></path>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M34.5,85.3c23.2-2.2,58.4-14.6,16.4-32.5c-21.1-8.9,50.2,18.5-16.3,22.7"></path>
|
|
<path class="st0" d="M34.7,37.1c66.5-4.2-4.8-31.6,16.3-22.7c42.1,17.9,6.9,30.3-16.4,32.5h1.7c-66.2,4.4,4.8,31.6-16.3,22.7 c-42.1-17.9-6.9-30.3,16.4-32.5"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</svg> Books</a></div><div class="jr-rhead f1 flexh"><div class="head"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Pravastatin/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="body"><div class="t">Praziquantel</div><div class="j">LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]</div></div><div class="tail"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Prazosin/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></div><div id="jr-tb2"><a id="jr-bkhelp-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Help with NLM PubReader">?</a><a id="jr-help-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Settings and typography in NLM PubReader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M462,283.742v-55.485l-29.981-10.662c-11.431-4.065-20.628-12.794-25.274-24.001 c-0.002-0.004-0.004-0.009-0.006-0.013c-4.659-11.235-4.333-23.918,0.889-34.903l13.653-28.724l-39.234-39.234l-28.72,13.652 c-10.979,5.219-23.68,5.546-34.908,0.889c-0.005-0.002-0.01-0.003-0.014-0.005c-11.215-4.65-19.933-13.834-24-25.273L283.741,50 h-55.484l-10.662,29.981c-4.065,11.431-12.794,20.627-24.001,25.274c-0.005,0.002-0.009,0.004-0.014,0.005 c-11.235,4.66-23.919,4.333-34.905-0.889l-28.723-13.653l-39.234,39.234l13.653,28.721c5.219,10.979,5.545,23.681,0.889,34.91 c-0.002,0.004-0.004,0.009-0.006,0.013c-4.649,11.214-13.834,19.931-25.271,23.998L50,228.257v55.485l29.98,10.661 c11.431,4.065,20.627,12.794,25.274,24c0.002,0.005,0.003,0.01,0.005,0.014c4.66,11.236,4.334,23.921-0.888,34.906l-13.654,28.723 l39.234,39.234l28.721-13.652c10.979-5.219,23.681-5.546,34.909-0.889c0.005,0.002,0.01,0.004,0.014,0.006 c11.214,4.649,19.93,13.833,23.998,25.271L228.257,462h55.484l10.595-29.79c4.103-11.538,12.908-20.824,24.216-25.525 c0.005-0.002,0.009-0.004,0.014-0.006c11.127-4.628,23.694-4.311,34.578,0.863l28.902,13.738l39.234-39.234l-13.66-28.737 c-5.214-10.969-5.539-23.659-0.886-34.877c0.002-0.005,0.004-0.009,0.006-0.014c4.654-11.225,13.848-19.949,25.297-24.021 L462,283.742z M256,331.546c-41.724,0-75.548-33.823-75.548-75.546s33.824-75.547,75.548-75.547 c41.723,0,75.546,33.824,75.546,75.547S297.723,331.546,256,331.546z"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Find"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 550 600" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-rtoc-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Table of Contents"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M20,20h10v8H20V20zM36,20h44v8H36V20zM20,37.33h10v8H20V37.33zM36,37.33h44v8H36V37.33zM20,54.66h10v8H20V54.66zM36,54.66h44v8H36V54.66zM20,72h10v8 H20V72zM36,72h44v8H36V72z"></path></svg></a></div></div></nav><nav id="jr-dash" class="noselect"><nav id="jr-dash" class="noselect"><div id="jr-pi" class="hidden"><a id="jr-pi-prev" class="hidden" title="Previous page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a><div class="pginfo">Page <i class="jr-pg-pn">0</i> of <i class="jr-pg-lp">0</i></div><a id="jr-pi-next" class="hidden" title="Next page"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div><div id="jr-is-tb"><a id="jr-is-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Switch between Figures/Tables strip and Progress bar"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><rect x="10" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect><rect x="40" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect><rect x="70" y="40" width="20" height="20"></rect></svg></a></div><nav id="jr-istrip" class="istrip hidden"><a id="jr-is-prev" href="#" class="hidden" title="Previous"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M80,40 60,65 80,90 70,90 50,65 70,40z M50,40 30,65 50,90 40,90 20,65 40,40z"></path><text x="35" y="25" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a><a id="jr-is-next" href="#" class="hidden" title="Next"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M20,40 40,65 20,90 30,90 50,65 30,40z M50,40 70,65 50,90 60,90 80,65 60,40z"></path><text x="15" y="25" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></nav><nav id="jr-progress"></nav></nav></nav><aside id="jr-links-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">NCBI Bookshelf</div></div><div class="cnt lol f1"><a href="/books/">Home</a><a href="/books/browse/">Browse All Titles</a><a class="btn share" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548916/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 33 33" style="vertical-align:middle" width="24" height="24" preserveAspectRatio="none"><g><path d="M 17.996,32L 12,32 L 12,16 l-4,0 l0-5.514 l 4-0.002l-0.006-3.248C 11.993,2.737, 13.213,0, 18.512,0l 4.412,0 l0,5.515 l-2.757,0 c-2.063,0-2.163,0.77-2.163,2.209l-0.008,2.76l 4.959,0 l-0.585,5.514L 18,16L 17.996,32z"></path></g></svg> Share on Facebook</a><a class="btn share" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548916/&text=Praziquantel"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 33 33" style="vertical-align:middle" width="24" height="24"><g><path d="M 32,6.076c-1.177,0.522-2.443,0.875-3.771,1.034c 1.355-0.813, 2.396-2.099, 2.887-3.632 c-1.269,0.752-2.674,1.299-4.169,1.593c-1.198-1.276-2.904-2.073-4.792-2.073c-3.626,0-6.565,2.939-6.565,6.565 c0,0.515, 0.058,1.016, 0.17,1.496c-5.456-0.274-10.294-2.888-13.532-6.86c-0.565,0.97-0.889,2.097-0.889,3.301 c0,2.278, 1.159,4.287, 2.921,5.465c-1.076-0.034-2.088-0.329-2.974-0.821c-0.001,0.027-0.001,0.055-0.001,0.083 c0,3.181, 2.263,5.834, 5.266,6.438c-0.551,0.15-1.131,0.23-1.73,0.23c-0.423,0-0.834-0.041-1.235-0.118 c 0.836,2.608, 3.26,4.506, 6.133,4.559c-2.247,1.761-5.078,2.81-8.154,2.81c-0.53,0-1.052-0.031-1.566-0.092 c 2.905,1.863, 6.356,2.95, 10.064,2.95c 12.076,0, 18.679-10.004, 18.679-18.68c0-0.285-0.006-0.568-0.019-0.849 C 30.007,8.548, 31.12,7.392, 32,6.076z"></path></g></svg> Share on Twitter</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-rtoc-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">Table of Content</div></div><div class="cnt lol f1"><a href="/books/n/livertox/?report=reader">Title Information</a><a href="/books/n/livertox/toc/?report=reader">Table of Contents Page</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-help-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">Settings</div></div><div class="cnt f1"><div id="jr-typo-p" class="typo"><div><a class="sf btn wsprkl">A-</a><a class="lf btn wsprkl">A+</a></div><div><a class="bcol-auto btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 200 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text x="10" y="70" style="font-size:60px;font-family: Trebuchet MS, ArialMT, Arial, sans-serif" textLength="180">AUTO</text></svg></a><a class="bcol-1 btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M15,25 85,25zM15,40 85,40zM15,55 85,55zM15,70 85,70z"></path></svg></a><a class="bcol-2 btn wsprkl"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M5,25 45,25z M55,25 95,25zM5,40 45,40z M55,40 95,40zM5,55 45,55z M55,55 95,55zM5,70 45,70z M55,70 95,70z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="lol"><a class="" href="/books/NBK548916/?report=classic">Switch to classic view</a><a href="/books/NBK548916/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK548916.pdf">PDF (106K)</a><a href="/books/NBK548916/?report=printable">Print View</a></div></div></aside><aside id="jr-bkhelp-p" class="hidden flexv"><div class="tb sk-htbar flexh"><div><a class="jr-p-close btn wsprkl">Done</a></div><div class="title-text f1">Help</div></div><div class="cnt f1 lol"><a id="jr-helpobj-sw" data-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/" data-href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/img/bookshelf/help.xml" href="">Help</a><a href="mailto:info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov?subject=PubReader%20feedback%20%2F%20NBK548916%20%2F%20sid%3ACE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID%20%2F%20phid%3ACE8CD1FF7D7EEDB10000000000250021.4">Send us feedback</a><a id="jr-about-sw" data-path="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/" data-href="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/img/bookshelf/about.xml" href="">About PubReader</a></div></aside><aside id="jr-objectbox" class="thidden hidden"><div class="jr-objectbox-close wsprkl">✘</div><div class="jr-objectbox-inner cnt"><div class="jr-objectbox-drawer"></div></div></aside><nav id="jr-pm-left" class="hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 800" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text font-stretch="ultra-condensed" x="800" y="-15" text-anchor="end" transform="rotate(90)" font-size="18" letter-spacing=".1em">Previous Page</text></svg></nav><nav id="jr-pm-right" class="hidden"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 800" preserveAspectRatio="none"><text font-stretch="ultra-condensed" x="800" y="-15" text-anchor="end" transform="rotate(90)" font-size="18" letter-spacing=".1em">Next Page</text></svg></nav><nav id="jr-fip" class="hidden"><nav id="jr-fip-term-p"><input type="search" placeholder="search this page" id="jr-fip-term" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" /><a id="jr-fip-mg" class="wsprkl btn" title="Find"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 550 600" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="36" stroke-linecap="round" style="fill:#FFF" d="m320,350a153,153 0 1,0-2,2l170,170m-91-117 110,110-26,26-110-110"></path></svg></a><a id="jr-fip-done" class="wsprkl btn" title="Dismiss find">✘</a></nav><nav id="jr-fip-info-p"><a id="jr-fip-prev" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to previuos match">◀</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548916_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Praziquantel</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK548916_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Praziquantel.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Praziquantel_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Praziquantel.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Praziquantel is an anthelmintic agent with activity against a broad spectrum of trematodes and cestodes that is used predominantly in the therapy of schistosomiasis, liver flukes, and cysticercosis. Praziquantel therapy has been reported to cause serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, but clinically apparent liver injury after its use is rare if it occurs at all.</p></div><div id="Praziquantel.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Praziquantel (praz" i kown' tel) is a heterocyclic prazino-isoquinoline derivative with a broad spectrum of activity against several trematodes (Fasciola, Schistosoma) and cestodes (Taenia). Praziquantel is believed to act by interference with tegument calcium transport, resulting in paralysis of the parasitic worms with subsequent loss of adherence to tissue, degradation and expulsion. Praziquantel was approved for use in the United States in 1982 for schistosomiasis and subsequently for clonorchiasis. Praziquantel is also commonly used in veterinary medicine. Praziquantel is available for human use in tablets of 600 mg generically and under the brand name Biltricide. The typical dose for treating schistosomiasis in adults is 20 mg/kg (depending upon the species) three times over one day. The dose for treating clonorchiasis is 25 mg/kg three times over one day. Side effects are common but transient, and include abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, muscle aches, drowsiness, headaches and fatigue, some of the symptoms being due to its effects on the parasites. Serious adverse events include transient clinical deterioration, cardiac arrhythmias, hypersensitivity reactions and rash.</p></div><div id="Praziquantel.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>Praziquantel therapy has been associated with elevations in serum aminotransferase levels in up to 27% of patients, but these abnormalities were self-limiting. Praziquantel has been rarely associated with clinically apparent liver injury, which generally accompanied hypersensitivity reactions such as rash and fever. In a large retrospective survey from China, 2 of 25,000 treated patients were reported to have developed jaundice after praziquantel therapy, but no specific information about the two cases was provided. There have been few studies of long term therapy with praziquantel, and most controlled trials of this agent have used one day courses without serum aminotransferase monitoring. However, millions of people have been treated with praziquantel as a part of large scale control strategies in China where schistosomiasis Japonica is endemic. The combination of praziquantel preventive therapy and snail control has resulted in marked decreases in the prevalence of infection in the population with no evidence of significant toxicity. Thus, mild acute liver injury can accompany systemic hypersensitivity reactions to praziquantel, but both the allergic reaction and the liver injury tend to be short-lived and resolve rapidly even without specific therapy.</p><p>Likelihood score: D (possible rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury usually as a part of a systemic hypersensitivity reaction).</p></div><div id="Praziquantel.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>Praziquantel is extensively metabolized by the liver via the cytochrome P450 system and might cause hepatic injury as a result of a toxic intermediate of its metabolism. Plasma levels of praziquantel are affected by inducers (rifampin decreases drug levels) and inhibitors of P450 activity (cimetidine, ketoconazole and erythromycin can reduce drug levels).</p></div><div id="Praziquantel.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>Praziquantel is usually well tolerated and clinically apparent liver injury due to its use is rare. There is no evidence for cross sensitivity to other anthelmintic agents.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/AntihelminthicAgents/?report=reader">Anthelmintic Agents</a></p></div></div><div id="Praziquantel.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Praziquantel_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><p>
|
|
<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
|
|
</p><p>Praziquantel – Biltricide®</p><p>
|
|
<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
|
|
</p><p>Anthelmintic Agents</p><p>
|
|
<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=praziquantel" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
|
|
</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div><div id="Praziquantel.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCT"><h2 id="_Praziquantel_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCT_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figPraziquantelTc"><a href="/books/NBK548916/table/Praziquantel.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figPraziquantelTc" rid-ob="figobPraziquantelTc"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK548916/table/Praziquantel.Tc/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK548916/table/Praziquantel.Tc/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="Praziquantel.Tc"><a href="/books/NBK548916/table/Praziquantel.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobPraziquantelTc">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="Praziquantel.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Praziquantel_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 20 July 2020</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.zimmerman.1999">Zimmerman HJ. Antihelminthics. Hepatic injury from antimicrobial agents. In, Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999, pp. 626-8.<div><i>(Expert review of hepatotoxicity of anthelmintics written in 1999; praziquantel has been reported to cause serum aminotransferase elevations).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.keiser.2018">Keiser J, McCarthy J, Hotez P. Chemotherapy of helminth infections. In, Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, pp. 1001-9.<div><i>(Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.chen.1983.495">Chen MG, Fu S, Hua XJ, Wu HM. A retrospective survey on side effects of praziquantel among 25,693 cases of schistosomiasis Japonica. <span><span class="ref-journal">Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. </span>1983;<span class="ref-vol">14</span>:495–500.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6673126" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6673126</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Retrospective survey of side effects after a 1-2 day course of praziquantel for Schistosomiasis in 25,693 patients from China; 2 patients developed jaundice 1-5 days after treatment, both resolving within 2 weeks; 2 other patients with advanced liver disease had acute decompensation shortly after therapy; no details given).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.matthaiou.2008.e194">Matthaiou DK, Panos G, Adamidi ES, Falagas ME. Albendazole versus praziquantel in the treatment of neurocysticercosis: a meta-analysis of comparative trials. <span><span class="ref-journal">PLoS Negl Trop Dis. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">2</span>:e194. </span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2265431/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2265431</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18335068" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18335068</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Systematic review of efficacy of albendazole versus praziquantel; mentions that there were no differences in rates of adverse events, but no details given).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.yangco.1987.135">Yangco BG, De Lerma C, Lyman GH, Price DL. Clinical study evaluating efficacy of praziquantel in clonorchiasis. <span><span class="ref-journal">Antimicrob Agents Chemother. </span>1987;<span class="ref-vol">31</span>:135–8.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC174677/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC174677</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3551827" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3551827</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Controlled trial of praziquantel vs placebo in 42 patients with clonorchiasis treated for one day twice 30 days apart; side effects included nausea, vomiting and dizziness, but there were no increases in ALT levels).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.seo.1983.241">Seo BS, Lee SH, Chai JY, Hong ST. Praziquantel(Distocide®) In treatment of Clonorchis Sinensis infection. <span><span class="ref-journal">Kisaengchunghak Chapchi. </span>1983;<span class="ref-vol">21</span>:241–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12902655" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12902655</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Among 55 Korean patients with liver flukes treated with praziquantel [75 mg/kg over one day], none developed clinical liver injury and average serum AST levels did not change).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.ross.2001.270">Ross AG, Sleigh AC, Li Y, Davis GM, Williams GM, Jiang Z, Feng Z, McManus DP. Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: prospects and challenges for the 21st century. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Microbiol Rev. </span>2001;<span class="ref-vol">14</span>:270–95.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC88974/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC88974</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11292639" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11292639</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Review of the burden of schistosomiasis japonica infections in China and approaches to treatment and prevention including use of praziquantel in the general population).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.shen.2007.603">Shen C, Choi MH, Bae YM, Yu G, Wang S, Hong ST. A case of anaphylactic reaction to praziquantel treatment. <span><span class="ref-journal">Am J Trop Med Hyg. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">76</span>:603–5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17360893" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17360893</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(35 year old man with clonorchiasis developed dizziness, urticaria, dyspnea, palpitations and nausea after a single dose of praziquantel with abnormal aminotransferase levels [ALT 81 U/L, AST 132 U/L], symptoms resolving within a few days).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.chalasani.2008.1924">Chalasani N, Fontana RJ, Bonkovsky HL, Watkins PB, Davern T, Serrano J, Yang H, Rochon J., Drug Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. <span><span class="ref-journal">Gastroenterology. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">135</span>:1924–34.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3654244/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3654244</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18955056" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18955056</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Among 300 cases of drug induced liver disease collected in the US between 2003 and 2008, none were attributed to an anthelmintic agent).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.devarbhavi.2010.2396">Devarbhavi H, Dierkhising R, Kremers WK, Sandeep MS, Karanth D, Adarsh CK. Single-center experience with drug-induced liver injury from India: causes, outcome, prognosis, and predictors of mortality. <span><span class="ref-journal">Am J Gastroenterol. </span>2010;<span class="ref-vol">105</span>:2396–404.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20648003" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20648003</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(313 cases of drug induced liver injury were seen over a 12 year period at a large hospital in Bangalore, India; none were attributed to anthelmintic agents).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.ferrajolo.2010.721">Ferrajolo C, Capuano A, Verhamme KM, Schuemie M, Rossi F, Stricker BH, Sturkenboom MC. Drug-induced hepatic injury in children: a case/non-case study of suspected adverse drug reactions in VigiBase. <span><span class="ref-journal">Br J Clin Pharmacol. </span>2010;<span class="ref-vol">70</span>:721–8.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2997312/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2997312</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21039766" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21039766</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Worldwide pharmacovigilance database contained 9036 hepatic adverse drug reactions in children, there were no anthelmintic agents listed among the top 40 implicated medications).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF12">Drugs for parasitic infections. <span><span class="ref-journal">Treat Guidel Med Lett. </span>2013;<span class="ref-vol">11</span> Suppl:e1–31.</span><div>
|
|
<i>(Brief description of drugs for parasitic infections in adults and children as well as a table of their major side effects; praziquantel is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis, liver flukes [Clonorchis sinensis and others], and intestinal tapeworm; side effects can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, drowsiness, fever and rash).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.wu.2013.909">Wu W, Huang Y. Application of praziquantel in schistosomiasis japonica control strategies in China. <span><span class="ref-journal">Parasitol Res. </span>2013;<span class="ref-vol">112</span>:909–15.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23358736" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23358736</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Summary of results of approaches to decreasing schistosomiasis japonica infection in China with discussion of success and safety of praziquantel prophylaxis in the general population; no mention of hepatotoxicity).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.hern_ndez.2014.231">Hernández N, Bessone F, Sánchez A, di Pace M, Brahm J, Zapata R, A, Chirino R, et al. Profile of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury in Latin America. An analysis of published reports. <span><span class="ref-journal">Ann Hepatol. </span>2014;<span class="ref-vol">13</span>:231–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552865" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24552865</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Systematic review of literature of drug induced liver injury in Latin American countries published from 1996 to 2012 identified 176 cases, only one of which was attributed to an anthelmintic, mebendazole; none were attributed to praziquantel).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.chalasani.2015.1340">Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, Lee W, Stolz A, Talwalkar J, Reddy KR, et al. United States Drug Induced Liver Injury Network. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. <span><span class="ref-journal">Gastroenterology. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">148</span>:1340–52.e7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4446235/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4446235</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754159" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25754159</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Among 899 cases of drug induced liver injury enrolled in a US prospective study between 2004 and 2013, 409 [46%] were attributed to antimicrobial agents, but none to anthelmintics or to praziquantel).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.qian.2016.800">Qian MB, Utzinger J, Keiser J, Zhou XN. Clonorchiasis. <span><span class="ref-journal">Lancet. </span>2016;<span class="ref-vol">387</span>(10020):800–10.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26299184" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26299184</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Review of the life cycle, epidemiology, clinical course and complications of Clonorchis sinensis infection mentions that praziquantel is the treatment of choice and is used in mass prevention and is highly effective with only transient and mild adverse events; no mention of liver test abnormalities).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.gassiep.2016.910">Gassiep I, Clark PJ, McManus DP, Looke DL. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Acute hepatitis in the setting of chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection and post-praziquantel therapy. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Gastroenterol Hepatol. </span>2016;<span class="ref-vol">31</span>:910.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26598933" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26598933</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(19 year old man with hepatomegaly [bilirubin 3.0 mg/dL, ALT 1220 U/L, Alk P 331 U/L] and stool tests showing S. mansoni had delayed but ultimately full resolution of liver test abnormalities after praziquantel therapy).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.gong.2017.190">Gong Z, Xu Z, Lei C, Wan C. Hepatic paragonimiasis in a 15-month-old girl: a case report. <span><span class="ref-journal">BMC Pediatr. </span>2017;<span class="ref-vol">17</span>:190.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5688620/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5688620</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29141594" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29141594</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(15 month old female with fever and hepatomegaly and multiple low density hepatic lesions had hepatic paragonimiasis on liver biopsy and resolution after 3 days of praziquantel therapy).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.sayasone.2018.155">Sayasone S, Keiser J, Meister I, Vonghachack Y, Xayavong S, Senggnam K, Phongluxa K, et al. Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine versus praziquantel against Opisthorchis viverrini in Laos: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 2 trial. <span><span class="ref-journal">Lancet Infect Dis. </span>2018;<span class="ref-vol">18</span>:155–61.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29153938" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29153938</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Among 607 children with O. viverrini liver fluke infection treated with tribendimidine or praziquantel, cure rates were 97% vs 95% while adverse events rose in the days following treatment in 33% vs 70%, usual symptoms with praziquantel being headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue and abdominal cramps; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.hong.2018.1">Hong ST. Albendazole and praziquantel: review and safety monitoring in Korea. <span><span class="ref-journal">Infect Chemother. </span>2018;<span class="ref-vol">50</span>:1–10.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5895825/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5895825</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29637747" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29637747</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Korean registry of adverse event reports made between 2006 and 2015 included 108 praziquantel events which were usually mild and transient gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms, with one report of abnormal liver tests; no details provided).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.mcmanus.2018.13">McManus DP, Dunne DW, Sacko M, Utzinger J, Vennervald BJ, Zhou XN. Schistosomiasis. <span><span class="ref-journal">Nat Rev Dis Primers. </span>2018;<span class="ref-vol">4</span>:13.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30093684" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30093684</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Extensive review of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical course, complications and management of schistosomiasis mentions that praziquantel is the most effective and widely used therapy, is active against all Schistosoma species, but only against adult worms for which reason it does not prevent reinfection and can give rise to drug resistance; praziquantel has transient, mild adverse events most of which are attributable to worm release rather than direct effects of the drug).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.shindo.2019.700">Shindo T, Masuda Y, Imai Y, Nagano T, Nishioka H. Case Report: Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis caused by praziquantel. <span><span class="ref-journal">Am J Trop Med Hyg. </span>2019;<span class="ref-vol">100</span>:700–2.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6402890/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC6402890</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30675838" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30675838</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(30 year old man developed fever and rash the day after a single dose of praziquantel with abnormal liver tests [bilirubin 1.5 mg/dL, ALT 841 U/L, Alk P 468 U/L], symptoms resolving over the next week with normal tests 16 days later).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Praziquantel.REF.darko.2020.323">Darko SN, Hanson H, Twumasi-Ankrah S, Baffour-Awuah S, Adjei-Kusi P, Yar D, Owusu-Dabo E. Three monthly doses of 60 mg/kg praziquantel for Schistosoma haematobium infection is a safe and effective treatment regimen. <span><span class="ref-journal">BMC Infect Dis. </span>2020;<span class="ref-vol">20</span>:323.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7204294/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7204294</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32375658" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 32375658</span></a>]<div>
|
|
<i>(Therapy of 28 patients with S. haematobium infection with 3 monthly doses of praziquantel was highly effective and serum ALT, AST and GGT levels during the 3 months were no different than levels in 53 control subjects followed concurrently).</i>
|
|
</div></div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK548916_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">July 20, 2020</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Praziquantel. [Updated 2020 Jul 20].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Pravastatin/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Prazosin/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobPraziquantelTc"><div id="Praziquantel.Tc" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548916/table/Praziquantel.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Praziquantel.Tc_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Praziquantel.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Praziquantel.Tc_1_1_1_2" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NUMBER</th><th id="hd_h_Praziquantel.Tc_1_1_1_3" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Praziquantel.Tc_1_1_1_4" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Praziquantel.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Praziquantel</td><td headers="hd_h_Praziquantel.Tc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135002924" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">55268-74-1</a>
|
|
</td><td headers="hd_h_Praziquantel.Tc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">C19-H24-N2-O2</td><td headers="hd_h_Praziquantel.Tc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
|
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135002924" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=135002924" alt="image 135002924 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
|
|
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Book content -->
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js"> </script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID /projects/books/PBooks@9.11 portal105 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
|
|
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID"></span>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/js/3968615.js" snapshot="books"></script></body>
|
|
</html>
|