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match">&#9664;</a><button id="jr-fip-matches">no matches yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">&#9654;</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548915_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Atropine</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK548915_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Atropine_Homatropine.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Atropine_Homatropine_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Atropine_Homatropine.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Atropine is a natural alkaloid anticholinergic agent that has potent antimuscarinic effects and is used by injection to treat symptomatic bradycardia, severe bronchospasm and to reduce vagal stimulation. Atropine has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.</p></div><div id="Atropine_Homatropine.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Atropine (at' roe peen) is a natural alkaloid that is the prototypic anticholinergic agent found as a secondary metabolite in plants of the Solanaceae family, including deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) for which it is named. Atropine has potent and broad, nonspecific antimuscarinic activity. Because of its rapid onset of action and short half-life, atropine is used parenterally in management of medical emergencies including cardiac bradyarrhythmias, during anesthesia to prevent vagal reflexes and to decrease secretions, for acute bronchospasm, and for anticholinesterase overdose or poisoning. Oral formulations of atropine are present in many over the counter and combination products used for allergic rhinitis and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease. Atropine has been in use in medicine for decades, but has not been formally approved for many of its broadly accepted indications. Atropine is used in low doses (1 mg or less) and usually for short periods of time. Homatropine (hoe mat' roe peen) is a synthetic derivative of atropine and is less potent and has a shorter half-life, which makes it appropriate as a cycloplegic eye drops to dilate the pupils. It is also used in combination with opiate drugs for its aversive side effects to prevent abuse of high doses. Common side effects of atropine are those of parasympathetic stimulation and include dryness of the mouth and eyes, decreased sweating, hyperthermia, headache, visual blurring, constipation, urinary retention, impotence, tachycardia and palpitations, anxiety, restlessness and in some instances agitation and hallucinations. Anticholinergic agents can precipitate acute narrow angle glaucoma and acute urinary retention.</p></div><div id="Atropine_Homatropine.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>Despite widespread use over many decades, atropine has not been linked convincingly to episodes of liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury. Atropine is metabolized by the liver, but is usually given in low doses (&#x0003c;1 mg) for short periods only.</p><p>Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p><p>References on the safety and potential hepatotoxicity of anticholinergics are given together after the Overview section on the Anticholinergic Agents.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/Anticholinergics/?report=reader">Anticholinergic Agents</a></p></div></div><div id="Atropine_Homatropine.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Atropine_Homatropine_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><div id="Atropine_Homatropine.BPI" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><p>
<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
</p><p>Atropine &#x02013; Generic</p><p>Homatropine &#x02013; Generic</p><p>
<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
</p><p>Anticholinergic Agents</p><p>
<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&#x00026;query=Atropine" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></div><div id="Atropine_Homatropine.CHEMICAL_FORMULAS_A"><h2 id="_Atropine_Homatropine_CHEMICAL_FORMULAS_A_">CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND STRUCTURES</h2><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figAtropineHomatropineT1"><a href="/books/NBK548915/table/Atropine_Homatropine.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figAtropineHomatropineT1" rid-ob="figobAtropineHomatropineT1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK548915/table/Atropine_Homatropine.T1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK548915/table/Atropine_Homatropine.T1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="Atropine_Homatropine.T1"><a href="/books/NBK548915/table/Atropine_Homatropine.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobAtropineHomatropineT1">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK548915_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">July 7, 2017</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Atropine. [Updated 2017 Jul 7].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Atovaquone/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/livertox/ADHD/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobAtropineHomatropineBPI"><div id="Atropine_Homatropine.BPI" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><p>
<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
</p><p>Atropine &#x02013; Generic</p><p>Homatropine &#x02013; Generic</p><p>
<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
</p><p>Anticholinergic Agents</p><p>
<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&#x00026;query=Atropine" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobAtropineHomatropineT1"><div id="Atropine_Homatropine.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548915/table/Atropine_Homatropine.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Atropine_Homatropine.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NUMBER</th><th id="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Atropine</td><td headers="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">51-55-8</td><td headers="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">C17-H23-N-O3</td><td headers="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK548915/bin/Atropine_Structure.jpg" alt="Atropine Chemical Structure" /></div>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Homatropine</td><td headers="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">87-00-3</td><td headers="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">C16-H21-N-O3</td><td headers="hd_h_Atropine_Homatropine.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK548915/bin/Homatropine_Structure.jpg" alt="Homatropine Chemical Structure" /></div>
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