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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Belinostat" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2020/09/25" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="31644024" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548714/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Belinostat" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2020/09/25" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548714/" /><meta name="description" content="Belinostat is an intravenously administered histone deacetylase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is approved for use in refractory or relapsed peripheral T cell lymphoma. Belinostat is associated with moderate rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has been reported to cause clinically apparent fatal, acute liver injury." /><meta name="og:title" content="Belinostat" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Belinostat is an intravenously administered histone deacetylase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is approved for use in refractory or relapsed peripheral T cell lymphoma. Belinostat is associated with moderate rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has been reported to cause clinically apparent fatal, acute liver injury." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548714/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/livertox/Belinostat/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548714/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script>
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. </p></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548714_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Belinostat</span></h1><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">September 25, 2020</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Belinostat.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Belinostat_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Belinostat.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Belinostat is an intravenously administered histone deacetylase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is approved for use in refractory or relapsed peripheral T cell lymphoma. Belinostat is associated with moderate rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has been reported to cause clinically apparent fatal, acute liver injury.</p></div><div id="Belinostat.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Belinostat (be lin' oh stat) is a parenterally administered small molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylase which acts by preventing removal of acetyl groups from histones. Accumulation of acetyl groups on histones causes cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Malignant cells and particularly malignant T cells are particularly sensitive to the effects of inhibition of histone deacetylases. In open label studies in patients with refractory or relapsed peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL), monotherapy with belinostat yielded an overall response rate of 26% and some responders had long term remissions and were able to undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation. Belinostat was approved for use in the United States in 2014 as monotherapy for refractory or relapsing peripheral T cell lymphoma. Belinostat is available as a lyophilized powder for reconstitution in 500 mg single use vials under the commercial name Beleodaq. The recommended dose is 1 gm/m<sup>2</sup> given intravenously on days 1 to 5 in 21 day cycles, which are repeated until there is disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Side effects are common, but usually mild-to-moderate in severity, and include nausea, fatigue, fever, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, constipation, rash, edema, cough and pruritus. Side effects lead to early discontinuation in up to 20% of patients. Severe adverse events can include marked neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, serious infections, sepsis, tumor lysis syndrome and acute liver failure.</p></div><div id="Belinostat.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>In clinical trials of belinostat in patients with PTCL, the rates of serum enzyme elevations during therapy were usually less than 5%, and were above 5 times the ULN in only 1% to 2% of patients. A single instance of severe acute liver injury leading to death from liver failure was reported in an open label trial of belinostat monotherapy in 120 patients with PTCL. The liver injury arose after 10 cycles of treatment and progressed despite drug discontinuation. Specific details were not provided. In another clinical trial, two cases of cholestatic liver injury were reported but without specific details. Thus, belinostat is considered to be a rare cause of acute liver injury but the timing of onset, associated features, clinical course and outcome have not been well defined.</p><p>Likelihood score: D (possible cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Belinostat.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>The reason why belinostat causes serum enzyme elevations is not known, but may be a direct toxicity to hepatocytes caused by inhibition of histone deacetylase or other enzyme activities. Belinostat is metabolized in the liver by UGT1A1 and the cytochrome P450 isozymes CYP 2A6, 2C9 and 3A4, so that it may cause drug-drug interactions, and hepatotoxicity could be the result of production of a toxic or immunogenic intermediate. Finally, belinostat is a sulfonamide hydroxyamide and severe acute liver injury from belinostat might be the result of a sulfonamide-like hepatic reaction.</p></div><div id="Belinostat.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>Serum enzyme elevations are uncommon during belinostat therapy and are rarely dose limiting. Belinostat should not be used with other agents with hepatotoxic potential. Furthermore, regular monitoring of liver tests with each course of therapy is recommended, with more frequent monitoring if serum aminotransferase values rise. Belinostat should be held if ALT or AST values rise above 5 times the ULN. Elevations of more than 20 times the ULN or appearance of jaundice or symptoms of liver injury should trigger permanent discontinuation. There is no known cross sensitivity to hepatic injury among the different histone deacetylase inhibitors. Because belinostat is a sulfonamide derivative, it should be used with caution in patients with a history of sulfa allergy.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/AntineoplasticAgents/">Antineoplastic Agents</a>, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors</p></div></div><div id="Belinostat.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Belinostat_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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||
</p><p>Belinostat – Beleodaq®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Antineoplastic Agents</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=belinostat" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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||
</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div><div id="Belinostat.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTUR"><h2 id="_Belinostat_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTUR_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div id="Belinostat.Tc" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548714/table/Belinostat.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Belinostat.Tc_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Belinostat.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Belinostat.Tc_1_1_1_2" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NO</th><th id="hd_h_Belinostat.Tc_1_1_1_3" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Belinostat.Tc_1_1_1_4" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Belinostat.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Belinostat</td><td headers="hd_h_Belinostat.Tc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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||
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/250230222" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">866323-14-0</a>
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||
</td><td headers="hd_h_Belinostat.Tc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">C15-H14-N2-O4-S</td><td headers="hd_h_Belinostat.Tc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
|
||
<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/250230222" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=250230222" alt="image 250230222 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="Belinostat.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Belinostat_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 25 September 2020</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF1">Abbreviation: PTCL, peripheral T-cell lymphoma.</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.zimmerman.1999">Zimmerman HJ. Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999 before the availability of histone deacetylase inhibitors).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.deleve.2013">DeLeve LD. Cancer chemotherapy. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, p. 549-68.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents; does not discuss belinostat).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.wellstein.2018">Wellstein A, Giaccone G, Atkins MB, Sausville EA. Inhibitors of histone deacetylase. Pathway targeted therapies: monoclonal antibodies, protein kinase inhibitors, and various small molecules. In, Brunton LL Hilal-Dandan R, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, p. 1230.<div><i>(Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.mackay.2010.1573">Mackay HJ, Hirte H, Colgan T, Covens A, MacAlpine K, Grenci P, Wang L, et al. Phase II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat in women with platinum resistant epithelial ovarian cancer and micropapillary (LMP) ovarian tumours. <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Cancer. </span>2010;<span class="ref-vol">46</span>:1573–9.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3244274/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3244274</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20304628" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20304628</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 32 women with refractory ovarian carcinoma treated with belinostat, the overall response rate was 3% and common side effects included fatigue [69%], nausea [59%], diarrhea [28%], neuropathy [16%] and Alk P elevations [6%], but there were no cases of clinically apparent liver injury).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.dizon.2012.367">Dizon DS, Blessing JA, Penson RT, Drake RD, Walker JL, Johnston CM, Disilvestro PA, et al. A phase II evaluation of belinostat and carboplatin in the treatment of recurrent or persistent platinum-resistant ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. <span><span class="ref-journal">Gynecol Oncol. </span>2012;<span class="ref-vol">125</span>:367–71.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3330705/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3330705</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22366594" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22366594</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 27 women with refractory ovarian carcinoma treated with belinostat and carboplatin, the overall response rate was 7% and severe side effects included neutropenia [22%], thrombocytopenia [15%] and vomiting [11%]; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.cashen.2012.33">Cashen A, Juckett M, Jumonville A, Litzow M, Flynn PJ, Eckardt J, LaPlant B, et al. Phase II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat (PXD101) for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). <span><span class="ref-journal">Ann Hematol. </span>2012;<span class="ref-vol">91</span>:33–8.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3557843/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3557843</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21538061" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21538061</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 21 patients with refractory myelodysplastic syndromes treated with belinostat, the overall response rate was 5% and 90% had severe cytopenias, 2 had cytokine release syndrome and 2 had QTc prolongations; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.reimer.2013.69">Reimer P, Chawla S. Long-term complete remission with belinostat in a patient with chemotherapy refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Hematol Oncol. </span>2013;<span class="ref-vol">6</span>:69.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3846498/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3846498</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24020452" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24020452</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(73 year old woman with refractory PTCL had a complete response after 2 cycles of belinostat, which was then continued for 2 years with maintained response thereafter; side effects included cytopenias, 3 bouts of C. difficile colitis and 1 episode of pneumonia).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.kirschbaum.2014.2301">Kirschbaum MH, Foon KA, Frankel P, Ruel C, Pulone B, Tuscano JM, Newman EM. A phase 2 study of belinostat (PXD101) in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia or patients over the age of 60 with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: a California Cancer Consortium Study. <span><span class="ref-journal">Leuk Lymphoma. </span>2014;<span class="ref-vol">55</span>:2301–4.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4143479/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4143479</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24369094" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24369094</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 12 patients with AML treated with belinostat, none had even a partial response and side effects included ALT elevations in 4 patients [33%], although all were transient and less than 5 times ULN).</i>
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||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.foss.2015.811">Foss F, Advani R, Duvic M, Hymes KB, Intragumtornchai T, Lekhakula A, Shpilberg O, et al. A Phase II trial of Belinostat (PXD101) in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Br J Haematol. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">168</span>:811–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25404094" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25404094</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 24 patients with refractory PTCL and 29 with cutaneous TCL treated with belinostat, overall response rates were 25% and 14% and adverse events occurred in 77%, including 2 patients with ALT or AST elevations above 5 times ULN, one of whom stopped therapy for this reason).</i>
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||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.oconnor.2015.2492">O'Connor OA, Horwitz S, Masszi T, Van Hoof A, Brown P, Doorduijn J, Hess G, et al. Belinostat in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma: results of the pivotal phase II BELIEF (CLN-19) study. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Oncol. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">33</span>:2492–9.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5087312/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5087312</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26101246" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26101246</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 120 patients with refractory PTCL treated with belinostat for up to 2 years, the overall response rate was 26%, and side effects were common [97%] and included two cases of ALT elevations above 5 times ULN and one that led to hepatic failure shortly after starting cycle 10).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF12">Belinostat (Beleodaq) for peripheral T-Cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Med Lett Drugs Ther. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">57</span>:e66–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25988963" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25988963</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Concise review of mechanism of action, efficacy, safety and cost of belinostat shortly after its approval for use in PTCL in the US, mentions that reported serious adverse events include fatal hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.lee.2015.2666">Lee HZ, Kwitkowski VE, Del Valle PL, Ricci MS, Saber H, Habtemariam BA, Bullock J, et al. FDA approval: belinostat for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Cancer Res. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">21</span>:2666–70.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25802282" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25802282</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Summary of evidence that supported the accelerated approval of belinostat for PTCL, largely from the open label trial reported by O’Connor [2015] demonstrating a 26% overall response rate and acceptable toxicity; 4 patients [3%] developed tumor lysis syndrome and there were 9 deaths during the trial including one from hepatic failure that was the only one judged to be related to therapy).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.lunning.2015.545">Lunning MA. Treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma: many shades of gray. <span><span class="ref-journal">Oncology (Williston Park). </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">29</span>:545–50.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26281838" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26281838</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Review of PTCL which represents 10% of cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is often refractory to conventional cytotoxic therapies; recently 4 new agents have been approved for use in PTCL including pralatrexate [2009], romidepsin [2011], brentuximab vedotin [2011] and belinostat [2014]).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.puvvada.2016.2359">Puvvada SD, Li H, Rimsza LM, Bernstein SH, Fisher RI, LeBlanc M, Schmelz M, Glinsmann-Gibson B, et al. A phase II study of belinostat (PXD101) in relapsed and refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas: SWOG S0520. <span><span class="ref-journal">Leuk Lymphoma. </span>2016;<span class="ref-vol">57</span>(10):2359–69.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5140034/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5140034</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26758422" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26758422</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 22 patients with refractory or relapsing B cell lymphoma treated with belinostat for up to two years, the overall response rate was only 10% and side effects were common, although usually tolerated; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.moskowitz.2017.1306">Moskowitz AJ, Horwitz SM. Targeting histone deacetylases in T-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Leuk Lymphoma. </span>2017;<span class="ref-vol">58</span>:1306–19.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27813438" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27813438</span></a>]<div>
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||
<i>(Extensive review of the mechanism of action, classification, clinical efficacy and safety of histone deacetylase inhibitors in T-cell lymphomas, mentions that belinostat is a parenterally administered hydroxamate that is approved for use in refractory or relapsed peripheral T cell lymphoma, more common adverse effects of which are nausea, vomiting, fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, fever and dizziness;, no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
|
||
</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Belinostat.REF.shah.2019.235">Shah RR. Safety and tolerability of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in oncology. <span><span class="ref-journal">Drug Saf. </span>2019;<span class="ref-vol">42</span>:235–45.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30649740" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30649740</span></a>]<div>
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||
<i>(Review of the safety of histone deacetylase inhibitors approved for use in the US mentions that elevations in serum aminotransferase levels have been reported during therapy with romidepsin, panobinostat and belinostat but not with vorinostat, and there have been no reports of clinically apparent hepatotoxicity, except for a single case of hepatic failure arising during a clinical trial of belinostat [O’Connor 2015]).</i>
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