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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Imipenem-Cilastatin - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]">
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Imipenem-Cilastatin">
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<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2017/01/17">
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<meta name="citation_pmid" content="31644018">
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<meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548708/">
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Imipenem-Cilastatin">
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<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases">
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<meta name="description" content="Imipenem (im" i pen' em) is a broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic which is used for severe bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. Because imipenem is rapidly inactivated by renal dehydropeptidase I (DHP-1), it is given in combination with cilastatin (sye" la stat' in), a DHP-I inhibitor which increases half-life and tissue penetration of imipenem. Imipenem-cilastatin, like other carbapenems, binds to bacterial penicillin binding proteins and interferes with bacterial cell wall integrity and synthesis. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic with activity against many aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, viridans group streptococci, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus species. Imipenem/cilastatin was approved for use in the United States in 1985. Imipenem-cilastatin is indicated for the treatment of severe or complicated skin, tissue, joint, respiratory tract, intraabdominal, urinary tract and urogenital infections as well as meningitis, endocarditis and sepsis due to susceptible organisms. Its use is generally restricted to severe infections largely in hospitalized patients. The recommended dosage is 250 mg to 1 gram given intravenously every 6 to 8 hours or in intramuscular doses of no more than 1.5 g daily, usually for 5 to 14 days. The combination of imipenem and cilastatin is available generically and under the brand name Primaxin as 250 mg or 500 mg infusion bottles for IV use or 500 mg or 750 mg vials of lyophilized powder for im injection. The most common side effects of imipenem are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, pruritus and injection site reactions.">
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<meta name="og:title" content="Imipenem-Cilastatin">
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<meta name="og:description" content="Imipenem (im" i pen' em) is a broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic which is used for severe bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. Because imipenem is rapidly inactivated by renal dehydropeptidase I (DHP-1), it is given in combination with cilastatin (sye" la stat' in), a DHP-I inhibitor which increases half-life and tissue penetration of imipenem. Imipenem-cilastatin, like other carbapenems, binds to bacterial penicillin binding proteins and interferes with bacterial cell wall integrity and synthesis. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic with activity against many aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, viridans group streptococci, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus species. Imipenem/cilastatin was approved for use in the United States in 1985. Imipenem-cilastatin is indicated for the treatment of severe or complicated skin, tissue, joint, respiratory tract, intraabdominal, urinary tract and urogenital infections as well as meningitis, endocarditis and sepsis due to susceptible organisms. Its use is generally restricted to severe infections largely in hospitalized patients. The recommended dosage is 250 mg to 1 gram given intravenously every 6 to 8 hours or in intramuscular doses of no more than 1.5 g daily, usually for 5 to 14 days. The combination of imipenem and cilastatin is available generically and under the brand name Primaxin as 250 mg or 500 mg infusion bottles for IV use or 500 mg or 750 mg vials of lyophilized powder for im injection. The most common side effects of imipenem are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, pruritus and injection site reactions.">
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yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548708_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Imipenem-Cilastatin</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK548708_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Imipenemcilastatin.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Imipenemcilastatin_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><p>Imipenem is a broad spectrum carbapenem antibiotic which is used for severe bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. Because imipenem is rapidly inactivated by renal dehydropeptidase I (DHP-1), it is given in combination with cilastatin, a DHP-I inhibitor which increases half-life and tissue penetration of imipenem. Parenterally administered imipenem/cilastatin has been associated with transient, mild serum aminotransferase elevations, but it is a rare cause of clinically apparent liver disease with jaundice.</p><div id="Imipenemcilastatin.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Imipenem (im" i pen' em) is a broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic which is used for severe bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. Because imipenem is rapidly inactivated by renal dehydropeptidase I (DHP-1), it is given in combination with cilastatin (sye" la stat' in), a DHP-I inhibitor which increases half-life and tissue penetration of imipenem. Imipenem-cilastatin, like other carbapenems, binds to bacterial penicillin binding proteins and interferes with bacterial cell wall integrity and synthesis. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic with activity against many aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, viridans group streptococci, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus species. Imipenem/cilastatin was approved for use in the United States in 1985. Imipenem-cilastatin is indicated for the treatment of severe or complicated skin, tissue, joint, respiratory tract, intraabdominal, urinary tract and urogenital infections as well as meningitis, endocarditis and sepsis due to susceptible organisms. Its use is generally restricted to severe infections largely in hospitalized patients. The recommended dosage is 250 mg to 1 gram given intravenously every 6 to 8 hours or in intramuscular doses of no more than 1.5 g daily, usually for 5 to 14 days. The combination of imipenem and cilastatin is available generically and under the brand name Primaxin as 250 mg or 500 mg infusion bottles for IV use or 500 mg or 750 mg vials of lyophilized powder for im injection. The most common side effects of imipenem are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, pruritus and injection site reactions.</p></div><div id="Imipenemcilastatin.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>In large clinical trials, imipenem was associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels in approximately 6% of patients given the drug for 5 to 14 days. More serious hepatic injury from imipenem/cilastatin is rare, but jaundice and liver test abnormalities have been reported in 0.1% of patients in prospective trials of the agent. Several instances of cholestatic jaundice arising during or shortly after therapy have been reported with imipenem-cilastatin and other carbapenems. The latency to onset has been within 1 to 3 weeks and the pattern of enzyme elevations is usually cholestatic. Immunoallergic features can occur, but autoantibodies are rare. The course is usually self-limiting, but at least one case of vanishing bile duct syndrome related to the carbapenems has been reported. Imipenem and other carbapenems have not been linked to cases of acute liver failure in the published literature, but the product label for imipenem mentions that instances of jaundice and severe liver injury attributed to imipenem have been reported to the sponsor.</p><p>Likelihood score: D (possible rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Imipenemcilastatin.Mechanism_of_Liver_In"><h3>Mechanism of Liver Injury</h3><p>The cause of the mild, transient serum enzyme elevations during imipenem-cilastatin therapy is not known. The cholestatic hepatitis attributed to imipenem-cilastin and the carbapenems is probably immunoallergic and resembles the rare clinically apparent liver injury that has been linked to penicillins and cephalosporins.</p></div><div id="Imipenemcilastatin.Outcome_and_Managemen"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>The liver injury due to the carbapenems is usually mild and self-limited. Rarely, the carbapenems can cause a clinically apparent acute cholestatic hepatitis that is usually self-limiting and not requiring therapy or intervention. In patients with vanishing bile duct syndrome, corticosteroids are often used but have not been shown to be beneficial and are best avoided. Some patients may benefit from symptomatic therapy of the pruritus associated with cholestasis using antihistamines, ursodiol or cholestyramine. There is little information on possible cross sensitivity to liver injury among the different beta-lactam antibiotics, but patients with clinically apparent liver injury due to imipenem should probably avoid the other carbapenems.</p><p>References to the safety and potential hepatotoxicity of imipenem are given in the Overview section on Carbapenems.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/Antiinfective/?report=reader">Antiinfective Agents</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Carbapenems/?report=reader">Carbapenems</a></p><p>Other Drugs in the Subclass, Carbapenems: <a href="/books/n/livertox/Doripenem/?report=reader">Doripenem</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Ertapenem/?report=reader">Ertapenem</a>, <a href="/books/n/livertox/Meropenem/?report=reader">Meropenem</a></p></div></div><div id="Imipenemcilastatin.PRODUCT_INFORMATION_I"><h2 id="_Imipenemcilastatin_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_I_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><div id="Imipenemcilastatin.BPI" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Imipenem – Generic, Primaxin®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>AntiInfective Agents</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=imipenem" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></div><div id="Imipenemcilastatin.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_"><h2 id="_Imipenemcilastatin_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND__">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figImipenemcilastatinT1"><a href="/books/NBK548708/table/Imipenemcilastatin.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img" rid-ob="figobImipenemcilastatinT1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/img/table-icon.gif" alt="Table Icon" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="Imipenemcilastatin.T1"><a href="/books/NBK548708/table/Imipenemcilastatin.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobImipenemcilastatinT1">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK548708_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">January 17, 2017</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Imipenem-Cilastatin. [Updated 2017 Jan 17].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Imetelstat/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Imipramine/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobImipenemcilastatinBPI"><div id="Imipenemcilastatin.BPI" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Imipenem – Generic, Primaxin®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>AntiInfective Agents</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=imipenem" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobImipenemcilastatinT1"><div id="Imipenemcilastatin.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548708/table/Imipenemcilastatin.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Imipenemcilastatin.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Imipenemcilastatin.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Imipenemcilastatin.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NO</th><th id="hd_h_Imipenemcilastatin.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Imipenemcilastatin.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Imipenemcilastatin.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Imipenem</td><td headers="hd_h_Imipenemcilastatin.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135012513" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">74431-23-5</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Imipenemcilastatin.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">C12-H17-N3-O4-S.H2O</td><td headers="hd_h_Imipenemcilastatin.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK548708/bin/Imipenem_Structure.jpg" alt="Imipenem chemical structure" /></div>
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