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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]">
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yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548569_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Chi R Yun</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK548569_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="ChiRYun.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_ChiRYun_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="ChiRYun.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Chi R Yun is the Chinese proprietary name for extracts of Breynia officinalis, which has been used as an herbal medication alone and in combination with other botanicals to treat a variety of conditions including heart failure, venereal disease, growth retardation, contusions and conjunctivitis. Taken in higher than recommended doses, breynia is considered a poison and can cause gastrointestinal, hepatic, urinary and respiratory injury.</p></div><div id="ChiRYun.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Breynia officinalis is a species of Euphorbiaceae, which is known by the Chinese name of “Chi R Yun” which means “7 days of dizziness.” It is used frequently in combination with other herbs in low doses to treat venereal disease, contusions, heart failure, growth retardation and conjunctivitis. In higher doses, it is considered a poison and results in neurological, gastrointestinal, urinary and respiratory toxicity.</p></div><div id="ChiRYun.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>Breynia overdose or poisoning causes diarrhea, nausea, fever, abdominal discomfort, palpitations, dry mouth and vertigo. Liver tests are also commonly abnormal in a dose related manner, with prominent elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and either no or minor increases in bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels. The liver injury is usually overshadowed by gastrointestinal symptoms, although laboratory abnormalities may persist longer than clinical symptoms for up to 1 to 2 months. Other systemic symptoms and complications that are usually present include dizziness, headache, lethargy, numbness, muscle weakness, respiratory symptoms, cough, hemoptysis, hematuria and bloody stools. The symptoms and liver test abnormalities generally resolve within 4 to 6 weeks of the exposure. Most reports have been from Asia and none since the early years of the 21<sup>st</sup> century.</p><p>Likelihood score: C (probable rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="ChiRYun.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>The toxic components of Breynia include several phytotoxins and the liver injury appears to be a direct hepatotoxicity.</p></div><div id="ChiRYun.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>Hepatotoxicity from Breynia officinalis is usually self-limiting and should be managed with supportive care.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/HerbalDietarySuppl/?report=reader">Herbal and Dietary Supplements</a>; <a href="/books/n/livertox/ChineseAndAsianHerbs/?report=reader">Chinese and Other Asian Herbal Medicines</a></p></div></div><div id="ChiRYun.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_ChiRYun_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Chi R Yun – Generic</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Herbal and Dietary Supplements</p></div><div id="ChiRYun.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTURE"><h2 id="_ChiRYun_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTURE_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figChiRYunTc"><a href="/books/NBK548569/table/ChiRYun.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figChiRYunTc" rid-ob="figobChiRYunTc"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK548569/table/ChiRYun.Tc/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK548569/table/ChiRYun.Tc/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="ChiRYun.Tc"><a href="/books/NBK548569/table/ChiRYun.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobChiRYunTc">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="ChiRYun.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_ChiRYun_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 24 May 2022</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.zimmerman.1999">Zimmerman HJ. Unconventional drugs. Miscellaneous drugs and diagnostic chemicals. In, Zimmerman, HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott,1999: pp. 731-4.<div><i>(Expert review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999; hepatotoxicity of Asian herbal products and teas are discussed generally without focus on any specific product or herb).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.seeff.2013">Seeff L, Stickel F, Navarro VJ. Hepatotoxicity of herbs and dietary supplements. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, pp. 631-58.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity of herbal and dietary supplements [HDS]; Chinese and other Asian herbal medicines and teas are discussed, including Breynia).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.stedman.2002.195">Stedman C. Herbal hepatotoxicity. <span><span class="ref-journal">Semin Liver Dis. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">22</span>:195–206.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12016550" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12016550</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Review and description of patterns of herbal-induced liver injury, including discussion of potential risk factors, and herb-drug interactions).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.ernst.2002.107">Ernst E. Adulteration of Chinese herbal medicines with synthetic drugs: a systematic review. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Intern Med. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">252</span>:107–13.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12190885" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12190885</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Systematic review of literature on adulteration of herbals with conventional medications, in 15 case reports and 2 cases series of 21 patients; included NSAIDs, corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, diuretics and antidiabetic medications, in up to 24% of products).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.lin.2002.87">Lin TJ, Tsai MS, Chiou NM, Deng JF, Chiu NY. Hepatotoxicity caused by Breynia officinalis. <span><span class="ref-journal">Vet Hum Toxicol. </span>2002;<span class="ref-vol">44</span>:87–8.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11931510" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11931510</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Two women ages 43 and 51 years took large amounts of Breynia [one in suicide attempt] and rapidly developed vertigo, vomiting, headache and numbness [peak bilirubin 2.2 and 1.0 mg/dL, ALT 2443 and 2730 U/L, Alk P 103 and 107 U/L], resolving over the next 4 to 6 weeks).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.lin.2003.591">Lin TJ, Su CC, Lan CK, Jiang DD, Tsai JL, Tsai MS. Acute poisonings with Breynia officinalis—an outbreak of hepatotoxicity. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. </span>2003;<span class="ref-vol">41</span>:591–4.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14514003" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 14514003</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Breynia officinalis is used in many Chinese medicines, but it also contains a poison and the plant can be mistaken for other herbs; 19 Chinese villagers drank a soup made from Breynia and developed diarrhea, nausea and liver test abnormalities [peak bilirubin 1.5-2.6, ALT 65-7398 U/L, Alk P 269 U/L], returning to normal in 1-2 months).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.wai.2007.465">Wai CT, Tan BH, Chan CL, Sutedja DS, Lee YM, Khor C, Lim SG. Drug-induced liver injury at an Asian center: a prospective study. <span><span class="ref-journal">Liver Int. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">27</span>:465–74.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17403186" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17403186</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Prospective survey of drug induced liver injury presenting over 26 months at a single hospital in Singapore identified 31 cases, ages 18-90 years, 55% male, Chinese traditional medicines being implicated in 17 [55%] and Malay agents in 5 cases [16%], adulterants were found in 9 of 31 tested traditional agents [codeine, corticosteroids, metformin, mercury, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents]).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.garc_acort_s.2008.688">García-Cortés M, Borraz Y, Lucena MI, Peláez G, Salmerón J, Diago M, Martínez-Sierra MC, et al. Liver injury induced by “natural remedies”: an analysis of cases submitted to the Spanish Liver Toxicity Registry. <span><span class="ref-journal">Rev Esp Enferm Dig. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">100</span>:688–95.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19159172" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19159172</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 521 cases of drug induced liver injury submitted to Spanish registry, 13 [2%] were due to herbals, none attributed to Breynia).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.chalasani.2008.1924">Chalasani N, Fontana RJ, Bonkovsky HL, Watkins PB, Davern T, Serrano J, Yang H, Rochon J., Drug Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. <span><span class="ref-journal">Gastroenterology. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">135</span>:1924–34.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3654244/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3654244</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18955056" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18955056</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 300 cases of drug induced liver disease in the US collected between 2004 and 2008, 9% of cases were attributed to herbal medications; Breynia not listed).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.navarro.2009.373">Navarro VJ. Herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity. <span><span class="ref-journal">Semin Liver Dis. </span>2009;<span class="ref-vol">29</span>:373–82.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19826971" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19826971</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Overview of the regulatory environment, clinical patterns, and future directions in research with HDS including traditional Chinese herbal medicines; breynia not discussed).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.wang.2009.195">Wang YP, Shi B, Chen YX, Xu J, Jiang CF, Xie WF. Drug-induced liver disease: an 8-year study of patients from one gastroenterological department. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Dig Dis. </span>2009;<span class="ref-vol">10</span>:195–200.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19659787" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19659787</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(30 patients with drug induced liver disease seen at a single medical university in Shanghai between 2000 and 2008, of which 12 were attributed to Chinese herbs, but specific agents not discussed, 9 were jaundiced, 6 hepatocellular, 3 cholestatic and 2 mixed).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.teschke.2012.1543">Teschke R, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schulze J, Eickhoff A. Herbal hepatotoxicity: a tabular compilation of reported cases. <span><span class="ref-journal">Liver Int. </span>2012;<span class="ref-vol">32</span>:1543–56.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22928722" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22928722</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Systematic tabulation of the literature on hepatotoxicity of herbals does not list or discuss Chi R Yun or Breynia).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.bunchorntavakul.2013.3">Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. Review article: herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity. <span><span class="ref-journal">Aliment Pharmacol Ther. </span>2013;<span class="ref-vol">37</span>:3–17.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23121117" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23121117</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Review of HDS associated hepatotoxicity does not discuss Chi R Yun or Breynia officinalis).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.navarro.2014.1399">Navarro VJ, Barnhart H, Bonkovsky HL, Davern T, Fontana RJ, Grant L, Reddy KR, et al. Liver injury from herbals and dietary supplements in the U.S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. <span><span class="ref-journal">Hepatology. </span>2014;<span class="ref-vol">60</span>:1399–408.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4293199/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4293199</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25043597" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25043597</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 85 cases of HDS associated liver injury enrolled in a US prospective study between 2004 and 2013, neither Chi R Yun nor Breynia officinalis were implicated in any).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.chalasani.2015.1340">Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, Lee W, Stolz A, Talwalkar J, Reddy KR, et al. United States Drug Induced Liver Injury Network. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. <span><span class="ref-journal">Gastroenterology. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">148</span>:1340–52.e7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4446235/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4446235</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754159" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25754159</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 899 cases of drug induced liver injury enrolled in a U.S. prospective database between 2004 and 2012, HDS were implicated in 145 [16%] cases, but none were attributed to Chi R Yun or Breynia officinalis).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.seeff.2015.517">Seeff LB, Bonkovsky HL, Navarro VJ, Wang G. Herbal products and the liver: a review of adverse effects and mechanisms. <span><span class="ref-journal">Gastroenterology. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">148</span>:517–532.e3.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25500423" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25500423</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Extensive review of herbal associated liver injury does not discuss Chi R Yun or Breynia officinalis).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.brown.2017.472">Brown AC. Liver toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 2 of 5 series. <span><span class="ref-journal">Food Chem Toxicol. </span>2017;<span class="ref-vol">107</span>:472–501.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27402097" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27402097</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Description of an online compendium of cases of liver toxicity attributed to HDS products, does not mention Chi R Yun or Breynia officinalis).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.medinacaliz.2018.1495">Medina-Caliz I, Garcia-Cortes M, Gonzalez-Jimenez A, Cabello MR, Robles-Diaz M, Sanabria-Cabrera J, Sanjuan-Jimenez R, et al. Spanish DILI Registry. Herbal and dietary supplement-induced liver injuries in the Spanish DILI Registry. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. </span>2018;<span class="ref-vol">16</span>:1495–1502.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29307848" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29307848</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 856 cases of hepatotoxicity enrolled in the Spanish DILI Registry between 1994 and 2016, 32 were attributed to herbal products, the most frequent cause being green tea [n=8] and Herbalife products [n=6], while none were attributed to Chi R Yun or Breynia officinalis).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.bessone.2021">Bessone F, García-Cortés M, Medina-Caliz I, Hernandez N, Parana R, Mendizabal M, Schinoni MI, et al. Herbal and dietary supplements-induced liver injury in Latin America: experience from the LATINDILI Network. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021:S1542-3565(21)00013-6. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33434654" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33434654</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 367 cases of hepatotoxicity enrolled in the Latin American DILI Network between 2011 and 2019, 29 [8%] were attributed to herbal products, the most frequent being green tea [n=7], Herbalife products [n=5] and garcinia [n=3], while none were attributed to Chi R Yun or Breynia officinalis).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="ChiRYun.REF.ballotin.2021.5490">Ballotin VR, Bigarella LG, Brandão ABM, Balbinot RA, Balbinot SS, Soldera J. Herb-induced liver injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis. <span><span class="ref-journal">World J Clin Cases. </span>2021;<span class="ref-vol">9</span>:5490–5513.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8281430/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC8281430</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34307603" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 34307603</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Systematic review of the literature on herb induced liver injury identified 446 references describing 936 cases due to 79 different herbal products, the most common being He Shou Wu [91], green tea [90] Herbalife products [64], kava [62 and greater celandine [48]; but none were attributed to Chi R Yun or Breynia officinalis).</i>
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</div></div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK548569_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">May 24, 2022</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Chi R Yun. [Updated 2022 May 24].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Chenodiol/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/livertox/ChineseAndAsianHerbs/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobChiRYunTc"><div id="ChiRYun.Tc" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548569/table/ChiRYun.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__ChiRYun.Tc_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_ChiRYun.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_ChiRYun.Tc_1_1_1_2" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NUMBER</th><th id="hd_h_ChiRYun.Tc_1_1_1_3" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_ChiRYun.Tc_1_1_1_4" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_ChiRYun.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Chi R Yun</td><td headers="hd_h_ChiRYun.Tc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not Available</td><td headers="hd_h_ChiRYun.Tc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Herbal mixture</td><td headers="hd_h_ChiRYun.Tc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Not applicable</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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