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yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548457_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Rufinamide</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK548457_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Rufinamide.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Rufinamide_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Rufinamide.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Rufinamide is a unique anticonvulsant that is used in combination with other agents as therapy of severe forms of seizure disorders. Rufinamide therapy is associated with a low rate of transient serum enzyme elevations and with rare instances of clinically apparent liver injury.</p></div><div id="Rufinamide.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Rufinamide (roo fin' a mide) is a unique triazole derivative that appears to act by prolonging the inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels in the central nervous system, thus slowing the rate of neurotransmission and decreasing rapid, repetitive neuronal firing. Rufinamide was approved for use in the United States in 2008 as an anticonvulsant to be used in combination with other agents (adjunctive therapy) for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in adults and children 1 year of age and older. Rufinamide is available in tablets of 200 and 400 mg and as an oral suspension of 40 mg/mL under the brand name Banzel. The typical dose in children is 10 mg/kg in two divided doses daily, which can be increased to a maximum of 45 mg/kg daily. In adults the dose is 400 to 800 mg daily in two divided doses, which can be increased to a maximum of 3200 mg daily. Side effects may include headache, dizziness, somnolence, ataxia, tremor, fatigue, nausea and rash. Rare, but potentially severe adverse events include depression, suicidal thoughts and behavior, mood changes and hypersensitivity reactions including Stevens Johnson syndrome.</p></div><div id="Rufinamide.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>In prelicensure clinical trials, addition of rufinamide to standard anticonvulsant therapy was reported to be associated with only rare elevations in ALT above 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Rufinamide was not linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury, but a pooled analysis of more than 200 children mentioned that two patients needed to discontinue therapy early because of liver related adverse events, one of which was described as “toxic hepatitis”. Since approval, there have been no reports of clinically apparent liver injury associated with rufinamide use, but it has had limited use in epilepsy. Rufinamide has been linked to instances of severe cutaneous reactions, including Stevens Johnson syndrome which often has some degree of associated liver injury. Thus, rufinamide may cause liver injury, but it is rare.</p><p>Likelihood score: E* (unproven but suspected cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Rufinamide.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>Rufinamide is metabolized by the liver, largely by CYP 2C19, but has not been reported to have significant drug interactions. The possible mechanism of hepatic injury from rufinamide is not known, but may relate to a toxic or immunogenic metabolite.</p></div><div id="Rufinamide.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>There is no information on the possible cross sensitivity to hepatotoxicity between rufinamide and other anticonvulsants, but its structure would not suggest that there would not be shared sensitivity with the more commonly used medications for seizures.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/Anticonvulsants/?report=reader">Anticonvulsants</a></p></div></div><div id="Rufinamide.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Rufinamide_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><div id="Rufinamide.BPI" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Rufinamide – Banzel®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Anticonvulsants</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Rufinamide" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></div><div id="Rufinamide.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTUR"><h2 id="_Rufinamide_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTUR_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figRufinamideT1"><a href="/books/NBK548457/table/Rufinamide.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figRufinamideT1" rid-ob="figobRufinamideT1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK548457/table/Rufinamide.T1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK548457/table/Rufinamide.T1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="Rufinamide.T1"><a href="/books/NBK548457/table/Rufinamide.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobRufinamideT1">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="Rufinamide.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Rufinamide_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 06 June 2018</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R1">Kaplowitz Zimmerman HJ. Anticonvulsants. In, Zimmerman, HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999: pp. 498-516.<div><i>(Expert review of anticonvulsants and liver injury published in 1999 before the availability of rufinamide).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R2">Pirmohamed M, Leeder SJ. Anticonvulsant agents. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013: pp 423-42.<div><i>(Review of anticonvulsant induced liver injury; rufinamide is not discussed).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R3">McNamara JO. Rufinamide. Pharmacotherapy of the epilepsies. In, Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011, p. 602.<div><i>(Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R4">Pålhagen S, Canger R, Henriksen O, van Parys JA, Rivière ME, Karolchyk MA. Rufinamide: a double-blind, placebo-controlled proof of principle trial in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2001; 43: 115-24. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11164700" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11164700</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 50 patients with seizures treated with rising doses of rufinamide or placebo for 28 days, side effects included fatigue, headache, tremor, ataxia and dizziness, but there were no “clinically relevant” changes in laboratory test results).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R5">Glauser T, Kluger G, Sachdeo R, Krauss G, Perdomo C, Arroyo S. Rufinamide for generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Neurology 2008; 70: 1950-8. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18401024" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18401024</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 138 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome [ages 4 to 30 years] treated with rufinamide or placebo for 12 weeks, rufinamide was not associated with “clinically significant changes in … laboratory tests”).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R6">Wisniewski CS. Rufinamide: a new antiepileptic medication for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Ann Pharmacother 2010; 44: 658-67. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20233912" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20233912</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of the efficacy and safety of rufinamide; no discussion of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R7">Rufinamide (Banzel) for epilepsy. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2009; 51 (1307): 18-20. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19265777" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19265777</span></a>]<div><i>(Concise review of the pharmacology, efficacy, adverse events, drug interactions and costs of rufinamide shortly after its approval in the US mentions common side effects, but not ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R8">Brodie MJ, Rosenfeld WE, Vazquez B, Sachdeo R, Perdomo C, Mann A, Arroyo S. Rufinamide for the adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in adults and adolescents: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia 2009; 50: 1899-909. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19490053" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19490053</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 313 patients with partial onset seizures treated with rufinamide or placebo for 13 weeks, common side effects included dizziness, headache, nausea, somnolence and diplopia; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R9">Wheless JW, Conry J, Krauss G, Mann A, LoPresti A, Narurkar M. Safety and tolerability of rufinamide in children with epilepsy: a pooled analysis of 7 clinical studies. J Child Neurol 2009; 24: 1520-5. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19955344" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19955344</span></a>]<div><i>(In a pooled analysis of 7 clinical studies including 212 rufinamide and 197 placebo recipients, changes in laboratory values “were generally clinically insignificant”, however, there were two discontinuations for liver related adverse events, one for “toxic hepatitis” resolving within 17 days and one for serum enzyme elevations resolving within 4 days; 5 children developed a hypersensitivity reaction [fever and rash within the first 4 weeks of treatment], but hepatic involvement was not mentioned).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R10">Elger CE, Stefan H, Mann A, Narurkar M, Sun Y, Perdomo C. A 24-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-ranging study of rufinamide in adults and adolescents with inadequately controlled partial seizures. Epilepsy Res 2010; 88: 255-63. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20061123" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20061123</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 647 patients with poorly controlled partial onset seizures treated with adjunctive rufinamide [200, 400, 800 or 1600 mg daily] or placebo for 24 weeks, there were no liver related serious adverse events or early discontinuation; no mention of ALT elevations).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R11">Biton V, Krauss G, Vasquez-Santana B, Bibbiani F, Mann A, Perdomo C, Narurkar M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of rufinamide as adjunctive therapy for refractory partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 2011; 52: 234-42. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20887365" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20887365</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 357 patients treated with adjunctive rufinamide or placebo for 3 months, there were no significant changes in laboratory values or discontinuations for liver related adverse events).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R12">Moavero R, Cusmai R, Specchio N, Fusco L, Capuano A, Curatolo P, Vigevano F. Rufinamide efficacy and safety as adjunctive treatment in children with focal drug resistant epilepsy: the first Italian prospective study. Epilepsy Res 2012; 102: 94-9. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22677424" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22677424</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 70 children with focal seizures treated with add on rufinamide for up to 12 months, the authors found no laboratory test abnormalities).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R13">Gaitatzis A, Sander JW. The long-term safety of antiepileptic drugs. CNS Drugs 2013; 27: 435-55. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23673774" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23673774</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of the long term safety and adverse event profile of anticonvulsants mentions that valproate and felbamate can cause liver failure, but does no mention hepatotoxicity of other antiepileptics).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R14">Drugs for epilepsy. Treat Guidel Med Lett 2013; 11: 9-18. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23348233" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23348233</span></a>]<div><i>(Concise review of indications and side effects of anticonvulsants; rufinamide is approved as add on therapy of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children and adults; discussion of adverse effects does not mention hepatotoxicity, but mentions that rufinamide is a mild inducer of CYP 3A4).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R15">Björnsson ES, Bergmann OM, Björnsson HK, Kvaran RB, Olafsson S. Incidence, presentation and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland. Gastroenterology 2013; 144: 1419-25. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23419359" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23419359</span></a>]<div><i>(In a population based study of drug induced liver injury from Iceland, 96 cases were identified over a 2 year period, but none were attributed to rufinamide).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R16">Grosso S, Coppola G, Dontin SD, Gobbi G, Pruna D, Accorsi P, Verrotti A, et al. Efficacy and safety of rufinamide in children under four years of age with drug-resistant epilepsies. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014; 18: 641-5. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24912730" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24912730</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 40 children with refractory epilepsy receiving add on rufinamide for an average of 12 months, “biochemical tests resulted normal in all patients”).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R17">Thome-Souza S, Kadish NE, Ramgopal S, Sánchez Fernández I, Bergin AM, Bolton J, Harini C, et al. Safety and retention rate of rufinamide in 300 patients: a single pediatric epilepsy center experience. Epilepsia 2014; 55: 1235-44. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25070475" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25070475</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 300 patients [ages 1 to 30 years] with refractory epilepsy receiving add on rufinamide for an average of 9 months, 110 [37%] discontinued therapy early, 47 [16%] for adverse events, but none for liver related side effects; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R18">Ohtsuka Y, Yoshinaga H, Shirasaka Y, Takayama R, Takano H, Iyoda K. Rufinamide as an adjunctive therapy for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in Japan. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108: 1627-36. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25219353" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25219353</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 59 Japanese patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome receiving adjunctive rufinamide for partial onset seizures for 12 weeks, none had a serious adverse event or discontinuation for an adverse event; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R19">Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, Lee W, Stolz A, Talwalkar J, Reddy KR, et al.; United States Drug Induced Liver Injury Network. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. Gastroenterology 2015; 148: 1340-52. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4446235/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4446235</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754159" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25754159</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 899 cases of drug induced liver injury enrolled in a US prospective study between 2004 and 2013, 40 [4.5%] were attributed to anticonvulsants, but none to rufinamide).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R20">McMurray R, Striano P. Treatment of Adults with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Further analysis of efficacy and safety/tolerability of rufinamide. Neurol Ther 2016; 5: 35-43. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4919131/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4919131</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26861566" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26861566</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 31 adults with seizures treated with rufinamide or placebo for 84 days, adverse events were mild-to-moderate in severity and there were no "clinically significant changes" in laboratory tests).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R21">Ohtsuka Y, Yoshinaga H, Shirasaka Y, Takayama R, Takano H, Iyoda K. Long-term safety and seizure outcome in Japanese patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome receiving adjunctive rufinamide therapy: An open-label study following a randomized clinical trial. Epilepsy Res 2016; 121: 1-7. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26827266" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26827266</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 54 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome treated for at least 52 weeks in a open label extension trial, seizure control was maintained and side effects included somnolence, anorexia and weight loss; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Rufinamide.R22">Nikanorova M, Brandt C, Auvin S, McMurray R. Real-world data on rufinamide treatment in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Results from a European noninterventional registry study. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 76: 63-70. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28927712" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28927712</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 64 patients followed in a prospective registry who started rufinamide treatment, most adverse events were mild-to-moderate in severity and included somnolence [8%], decreased appetite [6%] and fatigue [5%]; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK548457_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">June 6, 2018</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Rufinamide. [Updated 2018 Jun 6].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Rucaparib/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Ruxolitinib/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobRufinamideBPI"><div id="Rufinamide.BPI" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Rufinamide – Banzel®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Anticonvulsants</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Rufinamide" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobRufinamideT1"><div id="Rufinamide.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548457/table/Rufinamide.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Rufinamide.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Rufinamide.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Rufinamide.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NO.</th><th id="hd_h_Rufinamide.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Rufinamide.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Rufinamide.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Rufinamide</td><td headers="hd_h_Rufinamide.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135085479" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">106308-44-5</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Rufinamide.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">C10-H8-F2-N4-O</td><td headers="hd_h_Rufinamide.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK548457/bin/Rufinamide_structure.jpg" alt="Rufinamide chemical structure" /></div>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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