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<title>Hydroxyzine - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Hydroxyzine" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2017/01/16" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="31643458" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548128/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Hydroxyzine" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2017/01/16" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548128/" /><meta name="description" content="Hydroxyzine is a first generation antihistamine that is used largely for symptoms of itching, nausea, anxiety and tension. Hydroxyzine has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury." /><meta name="og:title" content="Hydroxyzine" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Hydroxyzine is a first generation antihistamine that is used largely for symptoms of itching, nausea, anxiety and tension. Hydroxyzine has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548128/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-livertox-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/livertox/Hydroxyzine/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548128/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script>
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. </p></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548128_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Hydroxyzine</span></h1><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">January 16, 2017</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Hydroxyzine.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Hydroxyzine_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Hydroxyzine.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Hydroxyzine is a first generation antihistamine that is used largely for symptoms of itching, nausea, anxiety and tension. Hydroxyzine has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.</p></div><div id="Hydroxyzine.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Hydroxyzine (hye drox' i zeen) is a first generation antihistamine that is used mostly to treat itching and nausea. Because of its sedating effects, hydroxyzine is also used for anxiety, tension and as a mild sleeping aid. Hydroxyzine belongs to the piperazine class of antihistamines (with cyclizine and meclizine) which are more commonly used for itching, nausea and anxiety than for their effects on symptoms of allergic rhinitis or coryza. Hydroxyzine was approved for use in the United States in 1957 and continues to be widely used. It is available as tablets or capsules of 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg in multiple generic forms and under the trade names Atarax and Vistaril. Hydroxyzine is also available as an oral suspension or syrup and as a liquid for injection. Most formulations are available without prescription. The recommended adult oral dose ranges from 25 to 100 mg three to four times daily. Doses used for itching are generally lower than those for anxiety and tension. Common side effects include sedation, impairment of motor function, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth and throat, palpitations, tachycardia, abdominal distress, constipation and headache. Antihistamines can worsen urinary retention and glaucoma.</p></div><div id="Hydroxyzine.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>Despite widespread use, hydroxyzine has not been linked to liver test abnormalities or to clinically apparent liver injury. Indeed, hydroxyzine is commonly used for the pruritus associated with liver disease. The reason for its safety may relate to low daily dose and limited duration of use.</p><p>Likelihood score: E (unlikely to be a cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p><p>References on the safety and potential hepatotoxicity of antihistamines are given together after the Overview section on Antihistamines.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/Antihistamines/">Antihistamines</a></p></div></div><div id="Hydroxyzine.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Hydroxyzine_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><div id="Hydroxyzine.BPI" class="box"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Hydroxyzine – Generic, Atarax®, Vistaril®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Antihistamines</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Hydroxyzine" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></div><div id="Hydroxyzine.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTU"><h2 id="_Hydroxyzine_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTU_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div id="Hydroxyzine.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548128/table/Hydroxyzine.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Hydroxyzine.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Hydroxyzine.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Hydroxyzine.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NUMBER</th><th id="hd_h_Hydroxyzine.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Hydroxyzine.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Hydroxyzine.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Hydroxyzine</td><td headers="hd_h_Hydroxyzine.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">68-88-2</td><td headers="hd_h_Hydroxyzine.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">C21-H27-Cl-N2-O2</td><td headers="hd_h_Hydroxyzine.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK548128/bin/Hydroxyzine_Structure_000.jpg" alt="Hydroxyzine Chemical Structure" /></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK548128</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31643458" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">31643458</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/livertox/">Drug Records</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/livertox/Hydroxyurea/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/livertox/Hyoscyamine/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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