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yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK548004_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Vorinostat</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK548004_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Vorinostat.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Vorinostat_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Vorinostat.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Vorinostat is an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that is approved for use in refractory or relapsed cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Vorinostat is associated with modest rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury.</p></div><div id="Vorinostat.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Vorinostat (vor in' oh stat) is an oral small molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylase which acts by preventing removal of acetyl groups from histones. The accumulation of acetyl groups on histones causes cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Malignant cells and particularly malignant T cells are particularly sensitive to the effects of inhibition of histone deacetylases. In open label studies in patients with refractory cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), monotherapy with vorinostat yielded an overall response rate of 30%, and some responders had long term remissions and were able to undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation. Vorinostat has also been evaluated in B cell lymphomas and in several forms of solid tumors, but with only modest results. Vorinostat was approved for use in the United States in 2006 as monotherapy for refractory or relapsing cutaneous T cell lymphoma, the first histone deacetylase inhibitor approved as an anticancer agent. Vorinostat is available in capsules of 100 mg under the commercial name Zolinza. The recommended dose is 400 mg daily by mouth, continuing therapy until there is disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Side effects are common, but usually mild-to-moderate in severity, and include nausea, fatigue, fever, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, constipation, rash, edema, cough and pruritus. Side effects lead to early discontinuation in up to 8% of patients. Severe adverse events can include marked neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, serious infections, sepsis, tumor lysis syndrome and embryo-fetal toxicity.</p></div><div id="Vorinostat.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>In clinical trials of vorinostat in patients with CTCL, the rates of serum enzyme elevations during therapy were rarely mentioned and only occasional episodes of mild elevations were recorded. Minor elevations in serum ALT levels occurred in 15% to 45% of patients, but values above 5 times ULN were rare and there were no reports of hepatitis, jaundice or clinically apparent liver injury among the treated subjects. Vorinostat has had limited clinical use, but there have been no published reports of its association with significant liver injury.</p><p>Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Vorinostat.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>The reason why vorinostat might cause serum enzyme elevations is not known, but may be a direct toxicity to hepatocytes caused by inhibition of histone deacetylase or other enzyme activities. Vorinostat is metabolized in the liver by glucuronidation and is not a substrate, inhibitor or inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes.</p></div><div id="Vorinostat.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>Serum enzyme elevations can occur during vorinostat therapy, but they are usually transient and mild-to-moderate in severity, rarely requiring dose modification. There is no known cross sensitivity to hepatic injury among the different histone deacetylase inhibitors.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/AntineoplasticAgents/?report=reader">Antineoplastic Agents</a>, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors</p></div></div><div id="Vorinostat.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Vorinostat_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Vorinostat – Zolinza®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Antineoplastic Agents</p><p>
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<a href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Vorinostat" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">COMPLETE LABELING</a>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div><div id="Vorinostat.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTUR"><h2 id="_Vorinostat_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCTUR_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figVorinostatTc"><a href="/books/NBK548004/table/Vorinostat.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figVorinostatTc" rid-ob="figobVorinostatTc"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK548004/table/Vorinostat.Tc/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK548004/table/Vorinostat.Tc/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="Vorinostat.Tc"><a href="/books/NBK548004/table/Vorinostat.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobVorinostatTc">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="Vorinostat.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Vorinostat_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 12 September 2020</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF1">Abbreviation: CTCL, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.</div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.zimmerman.1999">Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999 before the availability of histone deacetylase inhibitors).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.deleve.2013">DeLeve LD. Cancer chemotherapy. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, p. 549-68.<div><i>(Review of hepatotoxicity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents; does not discuss vorinostat).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.wellstein.2018">Wellstein A, Giaccone G, Atkins MB, Sausville EA. Inhibitors of histone deacetylase. Pathway targeted therapies: monoclonal antibodies, protein kinase inhibitors, and various small molecules. In, Brunton LL Hilal-Dandan R, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, p. 1230.<div><i>(Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.kelly.2005.3923">Kelly WK, O'Connor OA, Krug LM, Chiao JH, Heaney M, Curley T, MacGregore-Cortelli B, et al. Phase I study of an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, in patients with advanced cancer. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Oncol. </span>2005;<span class="ref-vol">23</span>:3923–31.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1855284/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1855284</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15897550" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15897550</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 73 patients with different forms of advanced cancer treated with several regimens of vorinostat, the maximum tolerated dose was 400 mg daily and toxicities included fatigue, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, bone marrow suppression, hyperglycemia, creatinine elevations and proteinuria; no mention of ALT elevations).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.olsen.2007.3109">Olsen EA, Kim YH, Kuzel TM, Pacheco TR, Foss FM, Parker S, Frankel SR, et al. Phase IIb multicenter trial of vorinostat in patients with persistent, progressive, or treatment refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Oncol. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">25</span>:3109–15.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17577020" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17577020</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 74 patients with refractory or relapsed CTCL treated with vorinostat, the overall response rate was 30% and adverse events included diarrhea [49%], fatigue [46%], nausea [43%] and anorexia [26%]; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.duvic.2007.31">Duvic M, Talpur R, Ni X, Zhang C, Hazarika P, Kelly C, Chiao JH, et al. Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). <span><span class="ref-journal">Blood. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">109</span>:31–9.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1785068/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1785068</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16960145" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16960145</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 33 patients with refractory or relapsed CTCL treated with vorinostat, the overall response rate was 24% and side effects were common, serious adverse events being dehydration, thrombocytopenia, vomiting, anemia, neutropenia and infections; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF8">Vorinostat (Zolinza) for cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Med Lett Drugs Ther. </span>2007;<span class="ref-vol">49</span>(1256):23–4.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17351559" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 17351559</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Concise review of the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, safety and costs of vorinostat shortly after its approval for use in the US; mentions serious adverse events of pulmonary embolism, squamous cell carcinoma of skin and fetal abnormalities).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.crump.2008.964">Crump M, Coiffier B, Jacobsen ED, Sun L, Ricker JL, Xie H, Frankel SR, et al. Phase II trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) in relapsed diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Ann Oncol. </span>2008;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>:964–9.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18296419" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18296419</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 18 patients with relapsed B cell lymphoma treated with vorinostat, the overall response rate was 5% [1 patient] and serious adverse events occurred in 7 patients [39%], mostly hematologic and gastrointestinal events; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.duvic.2009.412">Duvic M, Olsen EA, Breneman D, Pacheco TR, Parker S, Vonderheid EC, Abuav R, et al. Evaluation of the long-term tolerability and clinical benefit of vorinostat in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. </span>2009;<span class="ref-vol">9</span>:412–6.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19951879" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19951879</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Six of the 74 patients with CTCL enrolled in a trial of vorinostat were treated for 2 years, all with only moderate toxicities).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.traynor.2009.522">Traynor AM, Dubey S, Eickhoff JC, Kolesar JM, Schell K, Huie MS, Groteluschen DL, et al. Vorinostat (NSC# 701852) in patients with relapsed non-small cell lung cancer: a Wisconsin Oncology Network phase II study. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Thorac Oncol. </span>2009;<span class="ref-vol">4</span>:522–6.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3050710/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3050710</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19347984" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19347984</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 18 patients with relapsed NSCLC treated with vorinostat, there were no partial or complete response and side effects were common; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.kavanaugh.2010.793">Kavanaugh SM, White LA, Kolesar JM. Vorinostat: A novel therapy for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Am J Health Syst Pharm. </span>2010;<span class="ref-vol">67</span>:793–7.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20479100" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 20479100</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Review of the mechanism of action, pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety of vorinostat therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma mentions an overall response rate of 30% and frequency of side effects including fatigue in 52%, nausea in 41%, but no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.kirschbaum.2011.1198">Kirschbaum M, Frankel P, Popplewell L, Zain J, Delioukina M, Pullarkat V, Matsuoka D, et al. Phase II study of vorinostat for treatment of relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">J Clin Oncol. </span>2011;<span class="ref-vol">29</span>:1198–203.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3083875/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3083875</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21300924" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21300924</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 35 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with vorinostat for an average of 6 months, overall response rates were 29% in follicular lymphoma, but 0% with mantle cell lymphoma; ALT or AST elevations occurred in 2 patients [3%], but both were transient and less than 3 times ULN).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.kirschbaum.2012.259">Kirschbaum MH, Goldman BH, Zain JM, Cook JR, Rimsza LM, Forman SJ, Fisher RI. A phase 2 study of vorinostat for treatment of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: Southwest Oncology Group Study S0517. <span><span class="ref-journal">Leuk Lymphoma. </span>2012;<span class="ref-vol">53</span>:259–62.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3477846/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3477846</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21823829" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21823829</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 25 patients with refractory or relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma treated with vorinostat for an average of 3.8 months, the overall response rate was 8%; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.ogura.2014.768">Ogura M, Ando K, Suzuki T, Ishizawa K, Oh SY, Itoh K, Yamamoto K, et al. A multicentre phase II study of vorinostat in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Br J Haematol. </span>2014;<span class="ref-vol">165</span>:768–76.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4282031/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4282031</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24617454" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24617454</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 39 patients with follicular lymphoma treated with vorinostat, the overall response rate was 39%; adverse events were common, but no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.chalasani.2015.1340">Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, Lee W, Stolz A, Talwalkar J, Reddy KR, et al. United States Drug Induced Liver Injury Network. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. <span><span class="ref-journal">Gastroenterology. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">148</span>:1340–52.e7.</span> [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4446235/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4446235</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754159" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25754159</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 899 cases of drug induced liver injury enrolled in a US prospective study between 2004 and 2013, 363 [36%] were attributed to antibiotics, none of which were attributed to vorinostat).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.krug.2015.447">Krug LM, Kindler HL, Calvert H, Manegold C, Tsao AS, Fennell D, Öhman R, et al. Vorinostat in patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma who have progressed on previous chemotherapy (VANTAGE-014): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. <span><span class="ref-journal">Lancet Oncol. </span>2015;<span class="ref-vol">16</span>:447–56.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25800891" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25800891</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 661 patients with advanced mesothelioma treated with vorinostat or placebo, median overall survival was not improved by vorinostat, which had higher rates of adverse events including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, and fever while ALT elevations were uncommon [1% vs none]).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.duvic.2016.58">Duvic M, Dimopoulos M. The safety profile of vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid) in hematologic malignancies: A review of clinical studies. <span><span class="ref-journal">Cancer Treat Rev. </span>2016;<span class="ref-vol">43</span>:58–66.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26827693" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26827693</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Review of the adverse event rates in various trials of vorinostat and comparison to other histone deacetylase inhibitors reported a high rate of adverse events that were serious and drug related in 15% of patients and led to drug discontinuation in 8%; the most common side effects were diarrhea, nausea, fatigue and thrombocytopenia; only rare and occasional ALT elevation noted and no mention of hepatotoxicity or clinically apparent liver injury).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.schmitt.2016.74">Schmitt T, Mayer-Steinacker R, Mayer F, Grünwald V, Schütte J, Hartmann JT, Kasper B, et al. Vorinostat in refractory soft tissue sarcomas - Results of a multi-centre phase II trial of the German Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Bone Tumour Working Group (AIO). <span><span class="ref-journal">Eur J Cancer. </span>2016;<span class="ref-vol">64</span>:74–82.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27367154" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27367154</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Open label study of vorinostat in 40 patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma found a low response rate while adverse events were largely hematologic [15%], gastrointestinal [13%], fatigue {10%] and musculoskeletal pain [10%]; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.bringhen.2017.391">Bringhen S, De Wit E, Dimopoulos MA. New agents in multiple myeloma: an examination of safety profiles. <span><span class="ref-journal">Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. </span>2017;<span class="ref-vol">17</span>:391–407.e5.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28601492" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28601492</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Review of the safety profiles and adverse events of newer drugs for multiple myeloma including the histone deacetylase inhibitors – romidepsin, vorinostat and panobinostat, mentions that ALT elevations above 5 times ULN occur in 8% of patients treated with romidepsin, but no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity with vorinostat or panobinostat).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.moskowitz.2017.1306">Moskowitz AJ, Horwitz SM. Targeting histone deacetylases in T-cell lymphoma. <span><span class="ref-journal">Leuk Lymphoma. </span>2017;<span class="ref-vol">58</span>:1306–19.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27813438" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27813438</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Extensive review of the mechanism of action, classification, clinical efficacy and safety of histone deacetylase inhibitors in T-cell lymphomas, mentions that vorinostat is an oral hydroxamate that is approved for use in refractory or relapsed cutaneous T cell lymphoma, more common adverse effects of which are fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, dysgeusia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, weight loss and muscle spasms; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.kim.2018.1192">Kim YH, Bagot M, Pinter-Brown L, Rook AH, Porcu P, Horwitz SM, Whittaker S, et al. MAVORIC Investigators. Mogamulizumab versus vorinostat in previously treated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (MAVORIC): an international, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. <span><span class="ref-journal">Lancet Oncol. </span>2018;<span class="ref-vol">19</span>:1192–204.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30100375" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30100375</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Among 372 adults with refractory or relapsed mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome treated with either vorinostat or mogamulizumab [monoclonal anti-C-C chemokine receptor 4], median progression free survival was less with vorinostat [3.1 vs 7.7 months], while adverse event rates were similar including AST elevations [6.5% vs 4.35]; no mention of hepatotoxicity or clinically apparent liver injury).</i>
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</div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Vorinostat.REF.shah.2019.235">Shah RR. Safety and tolerability of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in oncology. <span><span class="ref-journal">Drug Saf. </span>2019;<span class="ref-vol">42</span>:235–45.</span> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30649740" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30649740</span></a>]<div>
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<i>(Review of the safety of histone deacetylase inhibitors approved for use in the US mentions that elevations in serum aminotransferase levels have been reported during therapy with romidepsin, panobinostat and belinostat but not with vorinostat, and there have been no reports of clinically apparent hepatotoxicity, except for a single case of hepatic failure arising during a clinical trial of belinostat).</i>
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</div></div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK548004_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">September 12, 2020</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Vorinostat. [Updated 2020 Sep 12].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Voriconazole/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Vortioxetine/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobVorinostatTc"><div id="Vorinostat.Tc" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK548004/table/Vorinostat.Tc/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Vorinostat.Tc_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Vorinostat.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Vorinostat.Tc_1_1_1_2" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NO</th><th id="hd_h_Vorinostat.Tc_1_1_1_3" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Vorinostat.Tc_1_1_1_4" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Vorinostat.Tc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Vorinostat</td><td headers="hd_h_Vorinostat.Tc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135110440" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">149647-78-9</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Vorinostat.Tc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">C14-H20-N2-O3</td><td headers="hd_h_Vorinostat.Tc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135110440" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=135110440" alt="image 135110440 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a>
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