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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Ethosuximide - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]">
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Ethosuximide">
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<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2018/02/19">
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yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK547870_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Ethosuximide</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK547870_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="Ethosuximide.OVERVIEW"><h2 id="_Ethosuximide_OVERVIEW_">OVERVIEW</h2><div id="Ethosuximide.Introduction"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Ethosuximide is an succinimide based anticonvulsant commonly used for absence (petit mal) seizures in both adults and children. Ethosuximide has been associated with rare instances of serum enzyme elevations during treatment, but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.</p></div><div id="Ethosuximide.Background"><h3>Background</h3><p>Ethosuximide (eth' oh sux" a mide) is a succinimide derivative and potent anticonvulsant that has been used to treat absence (petit mal) seizures for more than 50 years. Ethosuximde reduces theshold calcium currents in thalamic neurons and suppresses the paroxysmal spike and wave activity that is associated with lapses of consciousness that occur with absence seizures. Ethosuximide was approved for use in epilepsy in 1960 for use alone or in combination with other agents to treat absence seizures. Ethosuximide is available as tablets of 250 mg and as syrup for pediatric use in several generic forms and under the brand name of Zarontin. The recommended initial dose in adults and children above the age of 6 years is 250 mg twice daily with dose escalation weekly based upon tolerance and effect. Common side effects include dizziness, somnolence, ataxia, fatigue, irritability, anorexia and epigastric discomfort. Rare, but potentially severe adverse events include hypersensitivity reactions and drug induced lupus erythematosus and scleroderma.</p></div><div id="Ethosuximide.Hepatotoxicity"><h3>Hepatotoxicity</h3><p>Prospective studies suggest that chronic ethosuximide therapy is not accompanied by significant elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, but can increase gamma glutamyltranspeptidase levels. Clinically apparent hepatotoxicity from ethosuximide is very rare with few case reports published despite use of this agent for half a century. Futhermore, the liver injury in reported cases was usually mild and asymptomatic and a part of a generalized hypersensitivity syndrome with fever, rash, facial edema, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia or atypical lymphocytosis. The usual latency to onset of the hypersensitivity syndrome is 2 to 8 weeks. The typical serum enzyme elevations are a mixed-cholestatic-hepatocellular pattern and reported cases have not been jaundiced. While the product labeling for ethosuximide warns of hepatic dysfunction and recommends periodic monitoring of liver tests, clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice from ethosuximide is rare.</p><p>Likelihood score: E* (suspected but unproven cause of clinically apparent liver injury).</p></div><div id="Ethosuximide.Mechanism_of_Injury"><h3>Mechanism of Injury</h3><p>Ethosuximide is metabolized to inactive intermediates in the liver via the cytochrome P450 system (CYP 3A4). The mechanism of ethosuximide hepatotoxicity is unknown but is likely to be hypersensitivity to an metabolic intermediate.</p></div><div id="Ethosuximide.Outcome_and_Management"><h3>Outcome and Management</h3><p>Reported instances of liver injury from ethosuximide have consisted of transient, asymptomatic serum enzyme elevations or mild liver injury accompanying skin rash and systemic hypersensivity reactions. Ethosuximide has not been linked to cases of chronic hepatitis, vanishing bile duct syndrome or acute liver failure. The liver injury resolves rapidly with discontinuation of ethosuximide and typically recurs rapidly with reexposure, which should be avoided. There does not appear to be cross reactivity to hypersensitivity reactions or liver injury between ethosuximide and other antiseizure medications including the aromatic anticonvulsants, but caution and careful monitoring should be used in switching to another anticonvulsant after a hypersensitivity reaction to ethosuximide.</p><p>Drug Class: <a href="/books/n/livertox/Anticonvulsants/?report=reader">Anticonvulsants</a></p></div></div><div id="Ethosuximide.PRODUCT_INFORMATION"><h2 id="_Ethosuximide_PRODUCT_INFORMATION_">PRODUCT INFORMATION</h2><div id="Ethosuximide.BPI" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Ethosuximide – Zarontin®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Anticonvulsants</p><p>
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<b>COMPLETE LABELING</b>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></div><div id="Ethosuximide.CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCT"><h2 id="_Ethosuximide_CHEMICAL_FORMULA_AND_STRUCT_">CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE</h2><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col table-wrap" id="figEthosuximideT1"><a href="/books/NBK547870/table/Ethosuximide.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Table" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figEthosuximideT1" rid-ob="figobEthosuximideT1"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK547870/table/Ethosuximide.T1/?report=thumb" src-large="/books/NBK547870/table/Ethosuximide.T1/?report=previmg" alt="Image " /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h4 id="Ethosuximide.T1"><a href="/books/NBK547870/table/Ethosuximide.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobEthosuximideT1">Table</a></h4></div></div></div><div id="Ethosuximide.ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY"><h2 id="_Ethosuximide_ANNOTATED_BIBLIOGRAPHY_">ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>References updated: 19 February 2018</p><ul class="first-line-outdent"><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R1">Zimmerman HJ. Anticonvulsants. In, Zimmerman, HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999: pp. 498-516.<div><i>(Expert review of anticonvulsants and liver injury published in 1999; ethosuximide is not discussed).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R2">Pirmohamed M, Leeder SJ. Anticonvulsant agents. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013: pp 423-442.<div><i>(Review of anticonvulsant induced liver injury; ethosuximide is not discussed).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R3">McNamara JO. Pharmacology of the epilepsies. In, Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011, pp. 583-607.<div><i>(Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R4">Teoh OT, Wong PK. Lupus-scleroderma syndrome induced by ethosuximide. Arch Dis Child 1975; 50: 658-61. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1545540/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1545540</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/812426" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 812426</span></a>]<div><i> (16 year old Chinese girl with epilepsy on 4 anticonvulsants including ethosuximide for 4 years developed arthritis, sclerodactyly, rash and hepatomegaly [liver tests normal, ANA and LE prep positive], symptoms and laboratory abnormalities resolving on stopping all drugs except phenobarbital, subsequently tolerating phenytoin but having recurrence of fever and rash 3 weeks after restarting ethosuximide).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R5">Reynolds NC Jr, Miska RM. Safety of anticonvulsants in hepatic porphyrias. Neurology 1981; 31: 480-4. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7194443" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7194443</span></a>]<div><i>(Mentions that ethosuximide has been associated with triggering attacks of acute intermittent porphyria).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R6">Coulter DL. Ethosuximide-induced liver dysfunction. Arch Neurol 1983; 40: 393-4. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6847455" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6847455</span></a>]<div><i>(1 year old boy developed ALT elevations one month after ethosuximide was added to a chronic regimen of valproate and phenobarbital that continued to worsen after stopping valproate [bilirubin normal, ALT 69 rising 229 U/L, GGT 175 U/], and resolved rapidly when ethosuximide was stopped).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R7">Wyllie E, Wyllie R. Routine laboratory monitoring for serious adverse effects of antiepileptic medications: the controversy. Epilepsia 1991; 32 Suppl 5: S74-9. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1743173" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1743173</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of adverse effects of phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine and ethosuximide with discussion of potential role of routine monitoring of laboratory results such as ALT; most information indicates that such monitoring is unlikely to be effective in avoiding the rare instance of severe idiosyncratic hepatic injury from anticonvulsants because of their rarity and rapidity of onset and the frequent, insignificant ALT elevations found; mentions aplastic anemia and leucopenia as being due to ethosuximide, but not hepatic injury).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R8">Conilleau V, Dompmartin A, Verneuil L, Michel M, Leroy D. Hypersensitivity syndrome due to 2 anticonvulsant drugs. Contact Dermatitis 1999; 41: 141-4. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10475512" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10475512</span></a>]<div><i>(6 year old boy with petit mal developed rash, fever, lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia a month after starting ethionamide and valproate [bilirubin not given, AST 70 U/L, GGT 50 U/L], redeveloping rash within a day of restarting ethosuximide, later tolerating lamotrigine and clonazepam).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R9">Knowles SR, Shapiro LE, Shear NH. Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: incidence, prevention and management. Drug Saf 1999; 21: 489– 501. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10612272" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10612272</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: triad of fever, rash and internal organ injury occurring 1-8 weeks after exposure to anticonvulsant; liver being most common internal organ involved. Occurs in 1:1000-1:10,000 initial exposures to phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital or lamotrigine, unrelated to dose, perhaps predisposed by valproate; liver injury arises 1-4 weeks after onset of rash and ranges in severity from asymptomatic ALT elevations to icteric hepatitis to ALF; high mortality rate with jaundice; other organs include muscle, kidney, brain, heart and lung. Pseudolymphoma syndrome and serum sickness like syndrome are separate complications of anticonvulsants; role of corticosteroids uncertain; cross reactivity among the agents should be assumed; ethosuximide is not mentioned).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R10">Hamer HM, Morris HH. Hypersensitivity syndrome to antiepileptic drugs: a review including new anticonvulsants. Clevel Clin J Med 1999; 66: 239-45. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10199060" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10199060</span></a>]<div><i>(Clinical review of anticonvulsant syndrome, which occurs in 1-5/10,000 users, higher risk in African Americans and affected siblings; liver involvement common, but most cases are anicteric; other manifestations include facial edema, lymphadenopathy, bone marrow aplasia, pseudolymphoma, thyroiditis, interstitial nephritis, switching to valproate, levetiracetam or benzodiazepines is safe; ethosuximide is not mentioned).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R11">Russo MW, Galanko JA, Shrestha R, Fried MW, Watkins P. Liver transplantation for acute liver failure from drug-induced liver injury in the United States. Liver Transpl 2004; 10: 1018-23. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15390328" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 15390328</span></a>]<div><i>(Among ~50,000 liver transplants done in the United States between 1990 and 2002, 137 [0.2%] were done for idiosyncratic drug induced acute liver failure, of which 10 were attributed to phenytoin, 10 to valproate and 1 to carbamazepine, but none to ethosuximide or other anticonvulsants).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R12">Björnsson E. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiepileptic drugs. Acta Neurol Scan 2008; 118: 281-90. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18341684" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18341684</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of all anticonvulsants; mentions that there is no known clinically significant hepatotoxicity associated with ethosuximide).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R13">Chalasani N, Fontana RJ, Bonkovsky HL, Watkins PB, Davern T, Serrano J, Yang H, Rochon J; Drug Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN). Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. Gastroenterology 2008; 135: 1924-34. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3654244/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3654244</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18955056" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 18955056</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 300 cases of drug induced liver disease in the US collected between 2004 and 2008, valproate accounted for 6 cases, lamotrigine 5, phenytoin 5, gabapentin and topiramate 1 each; none were due to ethosuximide).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R14">Posner E. Absence seizures in children. Clin Evid (Online) 2008 Jan 10;2008. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2907950/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC2907950</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19450342" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19450342</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of evidence of efficacy and safety of drugs for petit mal seizures in children; ethosuximide is considered effective, but there are no randomized controlled trials to support this consensus; mentions that hepatic impairment, aplastic anaemia and serious skin reactions are rare adverse effects of ethosuximide). </i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R15">Penovich PE, Willmore LJ. Use of a new antiepileptic drug or an old one as first drug for treatment of absence epilepsy. Epilepsia 2009; 50 Suppl 8:37-41. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19702732" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 19702732</span></a>]<div><i>(Review of the therapy of absence seizures, mentions that side effects of ethosuximide "tend to be a challenge"; no mention of hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R16">Knowles SR, Dewhurst N, Shear NH. Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: an update. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012; 11: 767-78. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22794330" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22794330</span></a>]<div><i>(Updated review of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome; associated with phenytoin, phenobarbital, lamotrigine and carbamazepine and rarely with zonisamide, valproate and oxcarbazepine; ethosuximide not mentioned).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R17">Drugs for epilepsy. Treat Guidel Med Lett 2013; 11: 9-18. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23348233" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23348233</span></a>]<div><i>(Concise review of indications and side effects of anticonvulsants; ethosuximide is approved for treatment of absence seizures, but is not effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures; rare side effects include severe skin and generalized hypersensitivity reactions; no mention of hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R18">Hernández N, Bessone F, Sánchez A, di Pace M, Brahm J, Zapata R, A Chirino R, et al. Profile of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury in Latin America. An analysis of published reports. Ann Hepatol 2014; 13: 231-9. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24552865" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 24552865</span></a>]<div><i> (Systematic review of literature of drug induced liver injury in Latin American countries published from 1996 to 2012 identified 176 cases, but none were attributed to ethosuximide).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R19">Chalasani N, Bonkovsky HL, Fontana R, Lee W, Stolz A, Talwalkar J, Reddy KR, et al.; United States Drug Induced Liver Injury Network. Features and outcomes of 899 patients with drug-induced liver injury: The DILIN Prospective Study. Gastroenterology 2015; 148: 1340-52.e7. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4446235/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4446235</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25754159" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25754159</span></a>]<div><i>(Among 899 cases of drug induced liver injury enrolled in a US prospective study between 2004 and 2013, 40 [4.5%] were attributed to anticonvulsants, but none specificaly to ethosuximide).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R20">Gironell A, Marin-Lahoz J. Ethosuximide for essential tremor: an open-label trial. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2016; 6: 378. [<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4947198/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4947198</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27625899" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 27625899</span></a>]<div><i>(A small trial of ethosuximide in 15 elderly patients with essential tremor was discontinued early because of side effects of headache, dizziness and anxiety, and lack of any effect on tremor in those able to tolerate treatment; no mention of ALT elevations).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R21">Drugs for epilepsy. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2017; 59 (1526): 121-30. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28746301" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28746301</span></a>]<div><i>(Concise review of the drugs available for therapy of epilepsy lists ethosuximide as the drug of choice for absence seizures and mentions that it is generally well tolerated, but rare adverse events can include erythema multiforme, Stevens Johnson syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus; no mention of ALT elevations or hepatotoxicity).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R22">Vidaurre J, Gedela S, Yarosz S. Antiepileptic drugs and liver disease. Pediatr Neurol 2017; 77: 23-36. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097018" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29097018</span></a>]<div><i> (Review of the use of anticonvulsants in patients with liver disease mentions that close monitoring is advised when using ethosuximide in patients with hepatic disfunction, but that reports of hepatoxicity of ethosuximide have been few and usually confounded by its use with other agents).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R23">Toyama T, Asano Y, Taniguchi T, Takahashi T, Ichimura Y, Tamaki Z, Kagami S, et al. Ethosuximide-induced lupus-scleroderma syndrome with disease-specific autoantibodies. Eur J Dermatol 2017; 27: 196-7. [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28026802" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28026802</span></a>]<div><i>(8 year old Japanese girl with absence seizures developed fever, cold fingers, oral ulcers, arthralgias abd sclerodactyly one month after starting ethosuximide [ANA and anti-dsDNA positive, ESR elevated, "and slightly elevated transaminases"], resolving slowly with stopping).</i></div></div></li><li><div class="bk_ref" id="Ethosuximide.R24">Tachibana K, Hamada T, Tsuchiya H, Shibata T, Fujii K, Kobayashi K, Iwatsuki K. Ethosuximide-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome: beneficial effect of early intervention with high-dose corticosteroid therapy. J Dermatol 2018 Feb 11. [Epub ahead of print] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29430697" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29430697</span></a>]<div><i>(Two 4 year old children with absence seizures developed Stevens Johnson syndrome 2 and 3 weeks after starting ethosuximide [bilirubin and Alk P not provided, AST 186 and 45 U/L], resolving rapidly with immediate therapy with intravenous corticosteroids).</i></div></div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK547870_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Update: <span itemprop="dateModified">February 19, 2018</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Ethosuximide. [Updated 2018 Feb 19].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Ethionamide/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/livertox/Etodolac/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="boxed-text" id="figobEthosuximideBPI"><div id="Ethosuximide.BPI" class="box boxed-text-box whole_rhythm hide-overflow"><p>
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<b>REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES</b>
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</p><p>Ethosuximide – Zarontin®</p><p>
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<b>DRUG CLASS</b>
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</p><p>Anticonvulsants</p><p>
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<b>COMPLETE LABELING</b>
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</p><p>Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH</p></div></article><article data-type="table-wrap" id="figobEthosuximideT1"><div id="Ethosuximide.T1" class="table"><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK547870/table/Ethosuximide.T1/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__Ethosuximide.T1_lrgtbl__"><table><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_Ethosuximide.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">DRUG</th><th id="hd_h_Ethosuximide.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">CAS REGISTRY NUMBER</th><th id="hd_h_Ethosuximide.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">MOLECULAR FORMULA</th><th id="hd_h_Ethosuximide.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">STRUCTURE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_Ethosuximide.T1_1_1_1_1" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">Ethosuximide</td><td headers="hd_h_Ethosuximide.T1_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/134972642" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem">77-67-8</a>
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</td><td headers="hd_h_Ethosuximide.T1_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">C7-H11-N-O2</td><td headers="hd_h_Ethosuximide.T1_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;">
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<div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK547870/bin/Ethosuximide_Structure.jpg" alt="Ethosuximide chemical structure" /></div>
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