524 lines
No EOL
80 KiB
HTML
524 lines
No EOL
80 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
|
|
|
|
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
|
<!-- AppResources meta begin -->
|
|
<meta name="paf-app-resources" content="" />
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">var ncbi_startTime = new Date();</script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- AppResources meta end -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- TemplateResources meta begin -->
|
|
<meta name="paf_template" content="" />
|
|
|
|
<!-- TemplateResources meta end -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Logger begin -->
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books" /><meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-part" /><meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK547397" /><meta name="ncbi_domain" content="pdqcis" /><meta name="ncbi_report" content="record" /><meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext" /><meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="" /><meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK547397/" /><meta name="ncbi_pagename" content="Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries - NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="ncbi_bookparttype" content="chapter" /><meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf" />
|
|
<!-- Logger end -->
|
|
|
|
<title>Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
|
|
|
|
<!-- AppResources external_resources begin -->
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/jig/1.15.2/css/jig.min.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/core/jig/1.15.2/js/jig.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- AppResources external_resources end -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Page meta begin -->
|
|
<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®)" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Cancer Institute (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2019/10/02" /><meta name="citation_author" content="PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="31593392" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547397/" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="lung cancer" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="bronchial carcinoid" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="childhood lung cancer" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="primary tracheobronchial tumors" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="tracheal tumors" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="tracheobronchial tumor" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®)" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Cancer Institute (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2019/10/02" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547397/" /><meta name="description" content="Childhood tracheobronchial tumors are rare tumors that start in the lining of the trachea and bronchi. Learn about the symptoms of tracheobronchial tumors and how they are diagnosed and treated." /><meta name="og:title" content="Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®)" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Childhood tracheobronchial tumors are rare tumors that start in the lining of the trachea and bronchi. Learn about the symptoms of tracheobronchial tumors and how they are diagnosed and treated." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547397/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000790953/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547397/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
|
|
|
|
<!-- Page meta end -->
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico" /><meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8CE8FA7C8056F100000000006E0056.m_13" />
|
|
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3852956/3985586/3808861/4121862/3974050/3917732/251717/4216701/14534/45193/4113719/3849091/3984811/3751656/4033350/3840896/3577051/3852958/4008682/4207974/4206132/4062871/12930/3964959/3854974/36029/4128070/9685/3549676/3609192/3609193/3609213/3395586.css" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3411343/3882866.css" media="print" /></head>
|
|
<body class="book-part">
|
|
<div class="grid">
|
|
<div class="col twelve_col nomargin shadow">
|
|
<!-- System messages like service outage or JS required; this is handled by the TemplateResources portlet -->
|
|
<div class="sysmessages">
|
|
<noscript>
|
|
<p class="nojs">
|
|
<strong>Warning:</strong>
|
|
The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function.
|
|
<a href="/guide/browsers/#enablejs" title="Learn how to enable JavaScript" target="_blank">more...</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</noscript>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!--/.sysmessage-->
|
|
<div class="wrap">
|
|
<div class="page">
|
|
<div class="top">
|
|
<div id="universal_header">
|
|
<section class="usa-banner">
|
|
<div class="usa-accordion">
|
|
<header class="usa-banner-header">
|
|
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
|
|
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" />
|
|
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
|
|
<button class="non-usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-top" type="button">
|
|
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</header>
|
|
<div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner-top" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
|
|
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov" />
|
|
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<strong>The .gov means it's official.</strong>
|
|
<br />
|
|
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
|
|
sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal
|
|
government site.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
|
|
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https" />
|
|
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<strong>The site is secure.</strong>
|
|
<br />
|
|
The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the
|
|
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
|
|
and transmitted securely.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
|
|
<header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header">
|
|
|
|
<div class="usa-grid">
|
|
<div class="usa-width-one-whole">
|
|
|
|
<div class="ncbi-header__logo">
|
|
<a href="/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo">
|
|
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" />
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="ncbi-header__account">
|
|
<a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a>
|
|
<button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none" aria-controls="account_popup" type="button">
|
|
<span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="20px" height="20px">
|
|
<g style="fill: #fff">
|
|
<ellipse cx="12" cy="8" rx="5" ry="6"></ellipse>
|
|
<path d="M21.8,19.1c-0.9-1.8-2.6-3.3-4.8-4.2c-0.6-0.2-1.3-0.2-1.8,0.1c-1,0.6-2,0.9-3.2,0.9s-2.2-0.3-3.2-0.9 C8.3,14.8,7.6,14.7,7,15c-2.2,0.9-3.9,2.4-4.8,4.2C1.5,20.5,2.6,22,4.1,22h15.8C21.4,22,22.5,20.5,21.8,19.1z"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span>
|
|
<span class="sr-only">Show account info</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="ncbi-popup-anchor">
|
|
<div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<div class="ncbi-popup-head">
|
|
<button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu" type="button">
|
|
<span class="fa fa-times">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 48 48" width="24px" height="24px">
|
|
<path d="M38 12.83l-2.83-2.83-11.17 11.17-11.17-11.17-2.83 2.83 11.17 11.17-11.17 11.17 2.83 2.83 11.17-11.17 11.17 11.17 2.83-2.83-11.17-11.17z"></path>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button>
|
|
<h4>Account</h4>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="account-user-info">
|
|
Logged in as:<br />
|
|
<b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="account-links">
|
|
<ul class="usa-unstyled-list">
|
|
<li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li>
|
|
<li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li>
|
|
<li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li>
|
|
<li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</header>
|
|
<div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys">
|
|
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a>
|
|
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a>
|
|
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a>
|
|
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a>
|
|
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<section data-section="Alerts">
|
|
<div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<div class="res_logo"><h1 class="res_name"><a href="/books/" title="Bookshelf home">Bookshelf</a></h1><h2 class="res_tagline"></h2></div>
|
|
<div class="search"><form method="get" action="/books/"><div class="search_form"><label for="database" class="offscreen_noflow">Search database</label><select id="database"><optgroup label="Recent"><option value="books" selected="selected" data-ac_dict="bookshelf-search">Books</option><option value="refseq">RefSeq</option><option value="nuccore">Nucleotide</option><option value="clinvar" class="last">ClinVar</option></optgroup><optgroup label="All"><option value="gquery">All Databases</option><option value="assembly">Assembly</option><option value="biocollections">Biocollections</option><option value="bioproject">BioProject</option><option value="biosample">BioSample</option><option value="books" data-ac_dict="bookshelf-search">Books</option><option value="clinvar">ClinVar</option><option value="cdd">Conserved Domains</option><option value="gap">dbGaP</option><option value="dbvar">dbVar</option><option value="gene">Gene</option><option value="genome">Genome</option><option value="gds">GEO DataSets</option><option value="geoprofiles">GEO Profiles</option><option value="gtr">GTR</option><option value="ipg">Identical Protein Groups</option><option value="medgen">MedGen</option><option value="mesh">MeSH</option><option value="nlmcatalog">NLM Catalog</option><option value="nuccore">Nucleotide</option><option value="omim">OMIM</option><option value="pmc">PMC</option><option value="protein">Protein</option><option value="proteinclusters">Protein Clusters</option><option value="protfam">Protein Family Models</option><option value="pcassay">PubChem BioAssay</option><option value="pccompound">PubChem Compound</option><option value="pcsubstance">PubChem Substance</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="snp">SNP</option><option value="sra">SRA</option><option value="structure">Structure</option><option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option><option value="toolkit">ToolKit</option><option value="toolkitall">ToolKitAll</option><option value="toolkitbookgh">ToolKitBookgh</option></optgroup></select><div class="nowrap"><label for="term" class="offscreen_noflow" accesskey="/">Search term</label><div class="nowrap"><input type="text" name="term" id="term" title="Search Books. Use up and down arrows to choose an item from the autocomplete." value="" class="jig-ncbiclearbutton jig-ncbiautocomplete" data-jigconfig="dictionary:'bookshelf-search',disableUrl:'NcbiSearchBarAutoComplCtrl'" autocomplete="off" data-sbconfig="ds:'no',pjs:'no',afs:'no'" /></div><button id="search" type="submit" class="button_search nowrap" cmd="go">Search</button></div></div></form><ul class="searchlinks inline_list"><li>
|
|
<a href="/books/browse/">Browse Titles</a>
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
<a href="/books/advanced/">Advanced</a>
|
|
</li><li class="help">
|
|
<a href="/books/NBK3833/">Help</a>
|
|
</li><li class="disclaimer">
|
|
<a target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="link_click" data-ga-label="disclaimer_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/about/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a>
|
|
</li></ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--<component id="Page" label="headcontent"/>-->
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<!-- site messages -->
|
|
<!-- Custom content 1 -->
|
|
<div class="col1">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<div id="maincontent" class="content eight_col col">
|
|
<!-- Custom content in the left column above book nav -->
|
|
<div class="col2">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Book content -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom content between navigation and content -->
|
|
<div class="col3">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="document">
|
|
<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK547397_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK547397_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
|
|
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK547397_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: October 11, 2024.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">October 2, 2019</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000790953__1">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of a type of childhood lung cancer called tracheobronchial tumors. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__2">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1657"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1657_">What are childhood tracheobronchial tumors?</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1788">Tracheobronchial tumors are rare, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a> growths that form in the windpipe (trachea) or the large airways in the lungs called the bronchi. They can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors are more common in children. If a child has a benign tumor, they may need treatment to prevent the tumor from growing and putting pressure on nearby tissue in the airway. If the tumor is cancerous, the treatment is aimed at killing the cancer cells and keeping them from spreading to other parts of the body.</p><div id="CDR0000790953__1742" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Tracheobronchial%20tumors%20form%20in%20the%20inside%20lining%20of%20the%20trachea%20or%20bronchi%20(large%20airways%20of%20the%20lung)&p=BOOKS&id=608096_CDR0000801516.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK547397/bin/CDR0000801516.jpg" alt="Drawing shows areas of the body where tracheobronchial tumors may form, including the trachea and the bronchi (large airways of the lung)." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Tracheobronchial tumors form in the inside lining of the trachea or bronchi (large airways of the lung). Tracheobronchial tumors are rare and can occur in both children and adults.</p></div></div><p id="CDR0000790953__1661">Several types of tracheobronchial tumors may affect children:</p><ul id="CDR0000790953__1662"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044233/" class="def">Carcinoid tumor</a> is the most common type of tracheobronchial tumor in children. This type of tumor is usually benign, but some may be cancerous and spread to other parts of the body.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Mucoepidermoid <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045963/" class="def">carcinoma</a> is a slow-growing cancer that affects the airway.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000782642/" class="def">Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor</a> is a slow-growing tumor that usually affects the upper trachea. These tumors rarely spread to other parts of the body.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045872/" class="def">Rhabdomyosarcoma</a> is a type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046584/" class="def">soft tissue sarcoma</a>. Learn more at <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000258466/">Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma Treatment</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000785687/" class="def">Granular cell tumor</a> is usually benign, but can be cancerous and spread to nearby tissue.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1747"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1747_">Causes and risk factors for childhood tracheobronchial tumors</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1748">Tracheobronchial tumors in children are caused by certain changes to the way cells in the lining of the trachea or large bronchi function, especially how they grow and divide into new cells. Often, the exact cause of these cell changes is unknown. Learn more about how cancer develops at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">What Is Cancer?</a></p><p id="CDR0000790953__1749">A risk factor is anything that increases the chance of getting a disease. There are no known risk factors for childhood tracheobronchial tumors.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1663"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1663_">Symptoms of childhood tracheobronchial tumors</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1665">Symptoms of tracheobronchial tumors are a lot like symptoms of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440101/" class="def">asthma</a>, which can make it hard to diagnose the tumor. It's important to check with your child's doctor if your child has any symptoms, such as:</p><ul id="CDR0000790953__1666"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>dry cough</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>wheezing</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>trouble breathing</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>coughing up blood</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>frequent infections in the lung, such as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045476/" class="def">pneumonia</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>feeling very tired</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>loss of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454699/" class="def">appetite</a> or weight loss for no known reason</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790953__1667">These symptoms may be caused by problems other than a tracheobronchial tumor. The only way to know is to see your child's doctor.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1668"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1668_">Tests to diagnose childhood tracheobronchial tumors</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1670">If your child has symptoms that suggest a tracheobronchial tumor, the doctor will need to find out if these are due to cancer or to another problem. The doctor will ask when the symptoms started and how often your child has been having them. They will also ask about your child's <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642021/" class="def">personal</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642015/" class="def">family medical history</a> and do a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270871/" class="def">physical exam</a>. Depending on these results, they may recommend other tests. If your child is diagnosed with a tracheobronchial tumor, the results of these tests will help you and your child's doctor plan treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1750">The tests used to diagnose tracheobronchial tumors in children may include:</p><div id="CDR0000790953__1751"><h3>Chest x-ray</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__1752">An x-ray is a type of radiation that can go through the body and make pictures. A chest x-ray makes pictures of the organs and bones inside the chest.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1753"><h3>CT scan (CAT scan)</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__1754">A CT scan uses a computer linked to an x-ray machine to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the neck and chest. The pictures are taken from different angles and are used to create 3-D views of tissues and organs. A dye may be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography. Learn more about <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/ct-scans-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Computed Tomography (CT) Scans and Cancer</a>.</p><div id="CDR0000790953__17924" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Computed%20tomography%20(CT)%20scan&p=BOOKS&id=608096_CDR0000775531.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK547397/bin/CDR0000775531.jpg" alt="Computed tomography (CT) scan; drawing shows a child lying on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes a series of detailed x-ray pictures of areas inside the body." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Computed tomography (CT) scan. The child lies on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes a series of detailed x-ray pictures of areas inside the body.</p></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1755"><h3>Bronchoscopy</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__1756">Bronchoscopy is a procedure to look for abnormal areas inside the trachea and large airways in the lung. A bronchoscope is inserted through the nose or mouth into the trachea and lungs. A bronchoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue samples, which are checked under a microscope for signs of cancer.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1757"><h3>Bronchography</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__1758">Bronchography is a procedure to look for abnormal areas in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046026/" class="def">larynx</a>, trachea, and bronchi and to check whether the airways are wider below the level of the tumor. A contrast dye is given through a bronchoscope to coat the airways and make them show up more clearly on x-ray film. </p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1759"><h3>Octreotide scan</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__1760">An octreotide scan is a type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046552/" class="def">radionuclide scan</a> used to find tracheobronchial tumors or cancer that has spread to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph nodes</a>. A very small amount of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a> octreotide (a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045713/" class="def">hormone</a> that attaches to carcinoid tumors) is injected into a vein and travels through the bloodstream. The radioactive octreotide attaches to the tumor and a special camera that detects radioactivity is used to show where the tumors are in the body. </p></div></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1761"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1761_">Getting a second opinion</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1762">You may want to get a second opinion to confirm your child's diagnosis and treatment plan. If you seek a second opinion, you will need to get medical test results and reports from the first doctor to share with the second doctor. The second doctor will review the pathology report, slides, and scans. This doctor may agree with the first doctor, suggest changes to the treatment plan, or provide more information about your child's tumor.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1789">To learn more about choosing a doctor and getting a second opinion, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/finding-cancer-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Finding Cancer Care</a>. You can contact <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's Cancer Information Service</a> via chat, email, or phone (both in English and Spanish) for help finding a doctor, hospital, or getting a second opinion. For questions you might want to ask at your child's appointments, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/questions" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1778"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1778_">Who treats children with tracheobronchial tumors?</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1691">A pediatric oncologist, a doctor who specializes in treating children with cancer, oversees treatment of tracheobronchial tumors. The pediatric oncologist works with other health care providers who are experts in treating children with cancer and who specialize in certain areas of medicine. Other specialists may include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790953__1692"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000757278/" class="def">pediatrician</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318823/" class="def">pediatric surgeon</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046546/" class="def">radiation oncologist</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046244/" class="def">pathologist</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318821/" class="def">pediatric nurse specialist</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044730/" class="def">social worker</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318825/" class="def">rehabilitation specialist</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044716/" class="def">psychologist</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000690737/" class="def">child-life specialist</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000809738/" class="def">fertility specialist</a>
|
|
</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1686"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1686_">Treatment of childhood tracheobronchial tumors</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1764">There are different types of treatment for children and adolescents with tracheobronchial tumors. You and your child's care team will work together to decide treatment. Many factors will be considered, such as your child's overall health and whether the tumor is newly diagnosed or has come back after treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1766">Your child's treatment plan will include information about the tumor, the goals of treatment, treatment options, and the possible side effects. It will be helpful to talk with your child's care team before treatment begins about what to expect. For help every step of the way, see our booklet, <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents</a>. </p><p id="CDR0000790953__1779">For all tracheobronchial tumors except rhabdomyosarcoma, treatment might include surgery to remove the tumor. The lymph nodes and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000269462/" class="def">vessels</a> where cancer has spread are also removed. Sometimes a surgery called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000482346/" class="def">sleeve resection</a> is done. </p><p id="CDR0000790953__1790">For rhabdomyosarcoma in the trachea or bronchi, treatment might include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790953__1791"><li class="half_rhythm"><div> Chemotherapy (also called chemo) uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy either kills the cancer cells or stops them from dividing. Chemotherapy may be given alone or with other types of treatment.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. External beam radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the area of the body with cancer.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790953__1792">Learn more about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000258466/">Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma Treatment</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1793">For inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in the trachea or bronchi, in addition to surgery, treatment may include targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/crizotinib" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Crizotinib</a> may be used if the tumor has a certain change in the <i><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000721252/" class="def">ALK</a></i> gene. Learn more about <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Targeted Therapy to Treat Cancer</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__17923">If the cancer comes back after treatment, your child's doctor will talk with you about what to expect and possible next steps. There might be treatment options that may shrink the cancer or control its growth. If there are no treatments, your child can receive care to control symptoms from cancer so they can be as comfortable as possible.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1771"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1771_">Clinical trials</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1771_md_9">For some children, joining a clinical trial may be an option. There are different types of clinical trials for childhood cancer. For example, a treatment trial tests new treatments or new ways of using current treatments. Supportive care and palliative care trials look at ways to improve quality of life, especially for those who have side effects from cancer and its treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1771_md_10">You can use the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials accepting participants. The search allows you to filter trials based on the type of cancer, your child's age, and where the trials are being done. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> website.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1771_md_11">Learn more about clinical trials, including how to find and join one, at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinical Trials Information for Patients and Caregivers</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1672"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1672_">Prognosis and prognostic factors for childhood tracheobronchial tumors</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1775">If your child has been diagnosed with a tracheobronchial tumor, you likely have questions about how serious the cancer is and about your child's chances of survival. The likely outcome or course of a disease is called prognosis.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1784">The prognosis depends on many factors, including:</p><ul id="CDR0000790953__1785"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>the type of tracheobronchial tumor</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>whether the tumor is or has become cancer and spread to other parts of the body</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div> whether the tumor was completely removed by surgery</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div> whether the tumor is newly diagnosed or has come back after treatment</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790953__1786">The prognosis for children with tracheobronchial tumors that can be removed by surgery is very good. This is the case for most tracheobronchial tumors except rhabdomyosarcoma, which requires more aggressive treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1676">No two people are alike, and responses to treatment can vary greatly. Your child's cancer care team is in the best position to talk with you about your child's prognosis.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1713"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1713_">Side effects and late effects of treatment</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1787">Cancer treatments can cause side effects. Which side effects your child might have depends on the type of treatment they receive, the dose, and how their body reacts. Talk with your child's treatment team about which side effects to look for and ways to manage them.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1713_md_76">To learn more about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> that begin during treatment for cancer, visit <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Side Effects</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1715">Problems from cancer treatment that begin 6 months or later after treatment and continue for months or years are called late effects. Late effects of cancer treatment may include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790953__1716"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>physical problems</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>changes in mood, feelings, thinking, learning, or memory</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>second cancers (new types of cancer) or other conditions</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790953__1717">Some late effects may be treated or controlled. It is important to talk with your child's doctors about the possible late effects caused by some treatments.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1722"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1722_">Follow-up care</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1722_md_98">As your child goes through treatment, they will have follow-up tests or check-ups. Some of the tests that were done to diagnose the cancer may be repeated to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__1722_md_99">Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your child's condition has changed or if the cancer has recurred (come back).</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1776"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1776_">Coping with your child's cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__1777">When your child has a tumor, every member of the family needs support. Taking care of yourself during this difficult time is important. Reach out to your child's treatment team and to people in your family and community for support. To learn more, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support/parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Support for Families: Childhood Cancer </a> and the booklet <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__1731"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__1731_">Related resources</h2><p id="CDR0000790953__44">For more childhood cancer information and other general cancer resources, see:</p><ul id="CDR0000790953__45"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Lung Cancer Home Page</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">About Cancer</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Childhood Cancers</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="http://www.curesearch.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CureSearch for Children's Cancer</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000373791/">Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
|
|
<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer in Children and Adolescents</a>
|
|
</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/ocs/resources/survivors.html" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">For Survivors and Caregivers</a>
|
|
</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000790953__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood tracheobronchial tumors. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
|
|
</p><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/pediatric-treatment" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board</a>.
|
|
</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
|
|
</p><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
|
|
</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
|
|
</p><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/child-tracheobronchial-treatment-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/child-tracheobronchial-treatment-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. </p><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
|
|
</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000790953__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div>
|
|
<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK547397</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31593392" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">31593392</a></span></div></div></div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom content below content -->
|
|
<div class="col4">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Book content -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom contetnt below bottom nav -->
|
|
<div class="col5">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="rightcolumn" class="four_col col last">
|
|
<!-- Custom content above discovery portlets -->
|
|
<div class="col6">
|
|
<div id="ncbi_share_book"><a href="#" class="ncbi_share" data-ncbi_share_config="popup:false,shorten:true" ref="id=NBK547397&db=books">Share</a></div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK547397/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK547397/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK547397" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK547397" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2024 Oct 11. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm">NBK547397.9</span> October 11, 2024 (Displayed Version)</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547397.8/">NBK547397.8</a></span> May 10, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547397.7/">NBK547397.7</a></span> January 8, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547397.6/">NBK547397.6</a></span> January 19, 2023</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547397.5/">NBK547397.5</a></span> November 3, 2022</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547397.4/">NBK547397.4</a></span> August 28, 2020</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547397.3/">NBK547397.3</a></span> May 8, 2020</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547397.2/">NBK547397.2</a></span> November 7, 2019</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547397.1/">NBK547397.1</a></span> October 3, 2019</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this Page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1657" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">What are childhood tracheobronchial tumors?</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1747" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Causes and risk factors for childhood tracheobronchial tumors</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1663" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Symptoms of childhood tracheobronchial tumors</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1668" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Tests to diagnose childhood tracheobronchial tumors</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1761" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Getting a second opinion</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1778" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Who treats children with tracheobronchial tumors?</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1686" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of childhood tracheobronchial tumors</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1771" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Clinical trials</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1672" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Prognosis and prognostic factors for childhood tracheobronchial tumors</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1713" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Side effects and late effects of treatment</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1722" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Follow-up care</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1776" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Coping with your child's cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__1731" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Related resources</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790953__AboutThis_1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">About This PDQ Summary</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related publications</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK547407/">Health Professional Version</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/29337471" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Salivary Gland Tumors (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Salivary Gland Tumors (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/31593389" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389351" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors Treatment Overview (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/31846264" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Testicular Cancer (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Testicular Cancer (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/29337473" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Esthesioneuroblastoma (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Childhood Esthesioneuroblastoma (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=31593392" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&uid=31593392" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedarticles_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See all...</a></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" class="HTOn">Turn Off</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')" class="HTOff">Turn On</a></div><ul id="activity"><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c80c81d5edb449bf7270ee">Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c80c80b70fbb1960346a7a">Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treatment (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treatment (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c80c7fd5edb449bf7258ca">Childhood Heart Tumors (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Childhood Heart Tumors (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c80c7e6d1ec11b6f8e517b">Childhood Bladder Cancer Treatment - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Childhood Bladder Cancer Treatment - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c80c7d6d1ec11b6f8e44bc">Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li></ul><p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p><p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p><p id="turnOn" class="HTOff"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')">Turn recording back on</a></p><a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a></div></div></div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom content below discovery portlets -->
|
|
<div class="col7">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom content after all -->
|
|
<div class="col8">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="col9">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.scrollTo-1.4.2.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
(function($){
|
|
$('.skiplink').each(function(i, item){
|
|
var href = $($(item).attr('href'));
|
|
href.attr('tabindex', '-1').addClass('skiptarget'); // ensure the target can receive focus
|
|
$(item).on('click', function(event){
|
|
event.preventDefault();
|
|
$.scrollTo(href, 0, {
|
|
onAfter: function(){
|
|
href.focus();
|
|
}
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
})(jQuery);
|
|
</script>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="bottom">
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
var PBooksSearchTermData = {
|
|
highlighter: "bold",
|
|
dateTime: "03/05/2025 03:12:13",
|
|
terms: [
|
|
'2010'
|
|
]
|
|
};
|
|
</script>
|
|
<div id="NCBIFooter_dynamic">
|
|
<!--<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="breadcrumbs"/>
|
|
<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="helpdesk"/>-->
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="footer" id="footer">
|
|
<section class="icon-section">
|
|
<div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div>
|
|
<div class="grid-container container">
|
|
<div class="icon-section_container">
|
|
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
|
<defs>
|
|
<style>
|
|
.cls-11 {
|
|
fill: #737373;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
</defs>
|
|
<title>Twitter</title>
|
|
<path class="cls-11" d="M250.11,105.48c-7,3.14-13,3.25-19.27.14,8.12-4.86,8.49-8.27,11.43-17.46a78.8,78.8,0,0,1-25,9.55,39.35,39.35,0,0,0-67,35.85,111.6,111.6,0,0,1-81-41.08A39.37,39.37,0,0,0,81.47,145a39.08,39.08,0,0,1-17.8-4.92c0,.17,0,.33,0,.5a39.32,39.32,0,0,0,31.53,38.54,39.26,39.26,0,0,1-17.75.68,39.37,39.37,0,0,0,36.72,27.3A79.07,79.07,0,0,1,56,223.34,111.31,111.31,0,0,0,116.22,241c72.3,0,111.83-59.9,111.83-111.84,0-1.71,0-3.4-.1-5.09C235.62,118.54,244.84,113.37,250.11,105.48Z">
|
|
</path>
|
|
</svg></a>
|
|
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
|
<title>Facebook</title>
|
|
<path class="cls-11" d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z">
|
|
</path>
|
|
</svg></a>
|
|
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm" aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
|
<title>LinkedIn</title>
|
|
<path class="cls-11" d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z">
|
|
</path>
|
|
</svg></a>
|
|
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
|
<defs>
|
|
<style>
|
|
.cls-11,
|
|
.cls-12 {
|
|
fill: #737373;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.cls-11 {
|
|
fill-rule: evenodd;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
</defs>
|
|
<title>GitHub</title>
|
|
<path class="cls-11" d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path>
|
|
</svg></a>
|
|
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 40 40">
|
|
<defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs>
|
|
<title>NCBI Insights Blog</title>
|
|
<path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"></path>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section class="container-fluid bg-primary">
|
|
<div class="container pt-5">
|
|
<div class="row mt-3">
|
|
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
|
|
<p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p>
|
|
<ul class="list-inline social_media">
|
|
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
|
.st20 {
|
|
fill: #FFFFFF;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.st30 {
|
|
fill: none;
|
|
stroke: #FFFFFF;
|
|
stroke-width: 8;
|
|
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
<title>Twitter</title>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<path class="st20" d="M192.9,88.1c-5,2.2-9.2,2.3-13.6,0.1c5.7-3.4,6-5.8,8.1-12.3c-5.4,3.2-11.4,5.5-17.6,6.7 c-10.5-11.2-28.1-11.7-39.2-1.2c-7.2,6.8-10.2,16.9-8,26.5c-22.3-1.1-43.1-11.7-57.2-29C58,91.6,61.8,107.9,74,116 c-4.4-0.1-8.7-1.3-12.6-3.4c0,0.1,0,0.2,0,0.4c0,13.2,9.3,24.6,22.3,27.2c-4.1,1.1-8.4,1.3-12.5,0.5c3.6,11.3,14,19,25.9,19.3 c-11.6,9.1-26.4,13.2-41.1,11.5c12.7,8.1,27.4,12.5,42.5,12.5c51,0,78.9-42.2,78.9-78.9c0-1.2,0-2.4-0.1-3.6 C182.7,97.4,189.2,93.7,192.9,88.1z"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</g>
|
|
<circle class="st30" cx="124.4" cy="128.8" r="108.2"></circle>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</svg></a></li>
|
|
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
|
.st10 {
|
|
fill: #FFFFFF;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.st110 {
|
|
fill: none;
|
|
stroke: #FFFFFF;
|
|
stroke-width: 8;
|
|
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
<title>Facebook</title>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9 v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</g>
|
|
<circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</a></li>
|
|
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
|
|
<title>Youtube</title>
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
|
.st4 {
|
|
fill: none;
|
|
stroke: #FFFFFF;
|
|
stroke-width: 8;
|
|
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.st5 {
|
|
fill: #FFFFFF;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
<circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle>
|
|
<g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)">
|
|
<path class="st5" d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7 v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</svg></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
|
|
<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br />
|
|
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
|
|
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
|
|
<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
|
|
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
|
|
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
|
|
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
|
|
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
|
|
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="row">
|
|
<div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg">
|
|
<nav class="bottom-links">
|
|
<ul class="mt-3">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentOmnitureBaseJS/InstrumentNCBIConfigJS/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js?v=1"> </script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/static/js/hfjs2.js"> </script>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!--/.page-->
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!--/.wrap-->
|
|
</div><!-- /.twelve_col -->
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- /.grid -->
|
|
|
|
<span class="PAFAppResources"></span>
|
|
|
|
<!-- BESelector tab -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<noscript><img alt="statistics" src="/stat?jsdisabled=true&ncbi_db=books&ncbi_pdid=book-part&ncbi_acc=NBK547397&ncbi_domain=pdqcis&ncbi_report=record&ncbi_type=fulltext&ncbi_objectid=&ncbi_pcid=/NBK547397/&ncbi_pagename=Childhood Tracheobronchial Tumors (PDQ®) - PDQ Cancer Information Summaries - NCBI Bookshelf&ncbi_bookparttype=chapter&ncbi_app=bookshelf" /></noscript>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- usually for JS scripts at page bottom -->
|
|
<!--<component id="PageFixtures" label="styles"></component>-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID /projects/books/PBooks@9.11 portal105 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
|
|
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID"></span>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/js/3879255/4121861/3501987/4008961/3893018/3821238/4062932/4209313/4212053/4076480/3921943/3400083/3426610.js" snapshot="books"></script></body>
|
|
</html> |