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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK547387_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK547387_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK547387_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Childhood Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: October 3, 2019.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">October 2, 2019</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000790955__1">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood esophageal cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__2">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__869"><h2 id="_CDR0000790955__869_">General Information About Childhood Esophageal Cancer</h2><div id="CDR0000790955__869.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__870">Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the esophagus.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__874">Having gastroesophageal reflux or Barrett esophagus may increase the risk of esophageal cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__879">Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer include trouble swallowing and weight loss.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__884">Tests that examine the esophagus are used to help detect (find) and diagnose esophageal cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1648">Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery).</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790955__870"><h3>Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the esophagus.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__872">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a> is the hollow, muscular tube that moves food and
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liquid from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000439429/" class="def">throat</a> to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046604/" class="def">stomach</a>. The wall of the esophagus is made up of several layers of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a>,
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including <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257212/" class="def">mucous membrane</a>, muscle, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044013/" class="def">connective tissue</a>. Most <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046414/" class="def">esophageal</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumors</a> in children begin in the thin, flat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> that line the inside of the esophagus (called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046595/" class="def">squamous cell carcinoma</a> of the esophagus) and spread outward through the
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other layers as it grows. Some esophageal tumors begin in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046274/" class="def">mucus</a>-secreting <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046386/" class="def">glands</a> of the esophagus (called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046216/" class="def">adenocarcinoma</a> of the esophagus).</p><p id="CDR0000790955__873">Esophageal tumors may be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045614/" class="def">benign</a> (not <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>) or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045772/" class="def">malignant</a> (cancer).</p><div id="CDR0000790955__868" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=The%20esophagus%20and%20stomach%20are%20part%20of%20the%20upper%20gastrointestinal%20(digestive)%20system&p=BOOKS&id=547387_CDR0000428446.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK547387.1/bin/CDR0000428446.jpg" alt="Gastrointestinal (digestive) system anatomy; drawing shows the esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>The esophagus and stomach are part of the upper gastrointestinal (digestive) system.</p></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000790955__874"><h3>Having gastroesophageal reflux or Barrett esophagus may increase the risk of esophageal cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__876">Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045873/" class="def">risk factor</a>. Having a risk factor does not mean that you will get cancer; not having risk factors doesn't mean that you will not get cancer. Talk with your child's doctor if you think your child may be at risk.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__877">Risk factors for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444989/" class="def">esophageal cancer</a> include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__878"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257517/" class="def">gastroesophageal reflux</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Having <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046013/" class="def">Barrett esophagus</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Swallowing <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000643008/" class="def">chemicals</a>, which may burn the esophagus.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790955__879"><h3>Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer include trouble swallowing and weight loss.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__881">These and other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000750109/" class="def">signs</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> may be caused by esophageal cancer or by other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__882">Check with your child's doctor if your child has any of the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__883"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Trouble swallowing.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Weight loss.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hoarseness and cough.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Indigestion and heartburn.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390324/" class="def">Vomiting</a> with streaks of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Streaks of blood in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045883/" class="def">sputum</a> (mucus coughed up from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270740/" class="def">lungs</a>).</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790955__884"><h3><div class="milestone-start" id="CDR0000790955__885"></div>Tests that examine the esophagus are used to help detect (find) and diagnose esophageal cancer.<div class="milestone-end"></div></h3><p id="CDR0000790955__886">The following tests and procedures may be used:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__887"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270871/" class="def">Physical exam</a> and health history</b>: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient’s health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000304687/" class="def">Chest x-ray</a></b>: An <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-ray</a> of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organs</a> and bones inside the chest. An x-ray is a type of energy beam that can go through the body and onto film, making a picture of areas inside the body.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046033/" class="def">CT scan</a> (CAT
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scan)</b>: A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000409764/" class="def">dye</a> may be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476471/" class="def">vein</a> or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography,
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computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046140/" class="def">PET scan</a> (positron emission tomography scan)</b>: A procedure to find malignant tumor cells in the body. A small amount of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046550/" class="def">radioactive</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044033/" class="def">glucose</a> (sugar) is injected into a vein. The PET <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000386220/" class="def">scanner</a> rotates around the body and makes a picture of where glucose is being used in the body. Malignant tumor cells show up brighter in the picture because they are more active and take up more glucose than normal cells do.<div id="CDR0000790955__1711" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Positron%20emission%20tomography%20(PET)%20scan&p=BOOKS&id=547387_CDR0000775456.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK547387.1/bin/CDR0000775456.jpg" alt="Positron emission tomography (PET) scan; drawing shows a child lying on table that slides through the PET scanner." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Positron emission tomography (PET) scan. The child lies on a table that slides through the PET scanner. The head rest and white strap help the child lie still. A small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is injected into the child's vein, and a scanner makes a picture of where the glucose is being used in the body. Cancer cells show up brighter in the picture because they take up more glucose than normal cells do. </p></div></div></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045788/" class="def">
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MRI</a> (magnetic resonance imaging)</b>: A procedure that uses a magnet, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651209/" class="def">radio waves</a>, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of the esophagus. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046157/" class="def">Ultrasound</a> exam</b>: A procedure in which high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046587/" class="def">sonogram</a>. The picture can be printed to be looked at later.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046756/" class="def">Barium swallow</a></b>: A series of x-rays of the esophagus and stomach. The patient drinks a liquid that contains <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000739782/" class="def">barium</a> (a silver-white <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463718/" class="def">metallic</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000422394/" class="def">compound</a>). The liquid coats the esophagus and stomach, and x-rays are taken. This procedure is also called an upper GI series.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046417/" class="def">Esophagoscopy</a></b>: A procedure to look inside the esophagus to check for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a> areas. An esophagoscope is inserted through the mouth or nose and down the throat into the esophagus. An esophagoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000572035/" class="def">lens</a> for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue samples, which are checked under a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000638184/" class="def">microscope</a> for signs of cancer. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045164/" class="def">biopsy</a> is usually done during an esophagoscopy. Sometimes a biopsy shows changes in the esophagus that are not cancer but may lead to cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045628/" class="def">Bronchoscopy</a></b>: A procedure to look inside the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046623/" class="def">trachea</a> and large airways in the lung for abnormal areas. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046496/" class="def">bronchoscope</a> is inserted through the nose or mouth into the trachea and lungs. A bronchoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue samples, which are checked under a microscope for signs of cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><b><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046119/" class="def">Thoracoscopy</a></b>: A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgical</a> procedure to look at the organs inside the chest to check for abnormal areas. An <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046353/" class="def">incision</a> (cut) is made between two ribs and a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476929/" class="def">thoracoscope</a> is inserted into the chest. A thoracoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing. It may also have a tool to remove tissue or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045762/" class="def">lymph node</a> samples, which are checked under a microscope for signs of cancer. Sometimes this procedure is used to remove part of the esophagus or lung.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1648"><h3>Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery).</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1650"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045849/" class="def">Prognosis</a> depends on the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__1651"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>The type of esophageal cancer (squamous cell or adenocarcinoma).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether the cancer was completely removed by <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Whether the cancer has just been <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnosed</a> or has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a> (come back).</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790955__1652">Esophageal cancer is hard to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318813/" class="def">cure</a> because it usually cannot be completely removed by surgery.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1653"><h2 id="_CDR0000790955__1653_">Stages of Childhood Esophageal Cancer</h2><div id="CDR0000790955__1653.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1654">There is no standard staging system for childhood esophageal cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1657">There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1659">Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1654"><h3>There is no standard staging system for childhood esophageal cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1656">The process used to find out if <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> has spread from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a> to nearby areas or to other parts of the body is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046597/" class="def">staging</a>. There is no standard system for staging childhood <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444989/" class="def">esophageal cancer</a>. The results of <a href="#CDR0000790955__885">tests and procedures</a> done to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnose</a> esophageal cancer are used to help make decisions about treatment.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1657"><h3>There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1657_69">Cancer can spread through <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046683/" class="def">tissue</a>, the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045764/" class="def">lymph system</a>, and the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__1657_70"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Tissue. The cancer spreads from where it began by growing into nearby areas.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Lymph system. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the lymph system. The cancer travels through the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000269462/" class="def">lymph vessels</a> to other parts of the body.
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the blood. The cancer travels through the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045020/" class="def">blood vessels</a> to other parts of the body.
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1659"><h3>Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1659_66">When cancer spreads to another part of the body, it is called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046710/" class="def">metastasis</a>. Cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> break away from where they began (the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045847/" class="def">primary tumor</a>) and travel through the lymph system or blood.</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__1659_67"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Lymph system. The cancer gets into the lymph system, travels through the lymph vessels, and forms a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044058/" class="def">metastatic</a> tumor) in another part of the body.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Blood. The cancer gets into the blood, travels through the blood vessels, and forms a tumor (metastatic tumor) in another part of the body.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790955__1661">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044058/" class="def">metastatic</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> is the same type of cancer as the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045847/" class="def">primary tumor</a>. For example, if esophageal cancer spreads to the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270740/" class="def">lung</a>, the cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> in the lung are actually esophageal cancer cells. The disease is metastatic esophageal cancer, not <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000445043/" class="def">lung cancer</a>.</p><div id="CDR0000790955__1647" class="box"><h3><span class="title">metastasis: how cancer spreads</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Many cancer deaths are caused when cancer moves from the original tumor and spreads to other tissues and organs. This is called metastatic cancer. This animation shows how cancer cells travel from the place in the body where they first formed to other parts of the body.</p></div><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQwar_-QdiQ" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">YouTube</a></p></div></div></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1662"><h2 id="_CDR0000790955__1662_">Recurrent Esophageal Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000790955__1663"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045862/" class="def">Recurrent</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444989/" class="def">esophageal cancer</a> is <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> that has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a> (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a> or in other parts of the body. </p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1664"><h2 id="_CDR0000790955__1664_">Treatment Option Overview</h2><div id="CDR0000790955__1664.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1665">There are different types of treatment for children with esophageal cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1667">Children with esophageal cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of doctors who are experts in treating childhood cancer.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1671">Three types of standard treatment are used:</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1673">Surgery</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1676">Radiation therapy</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1679">Chemotherapy</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1682">New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1689">Treatment for childhood esophageal cancer may cause side effects.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1694">Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1696">Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000790955__1698">Follow-up tests may be needed. </a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1665"><h3>There are different types of treatment for children with esophageal cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1665_79">Some treatments are <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard</a> (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a>. A treatment clinical trial is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651211/" class="def">research study</a> meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__1665_80">Because cancer in children is rare, taking part in a clinical trial should be considered. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1667"><h3>Children with esophageal cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of doctors who are experts in treating childhood cancer.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1669">Treatment will be overseen by a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000693555/" class="def">pediatric oncologist</a>, a doctor who specializes in treating children with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>. The pediatric oncologist works with other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046245/" class="def">pediatric</a> health professionals who are experts in treating children with cancer and who specialize in certain areas of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000482419/" class="def">medicine</a>. This may include the following <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000478785/" class="def">specialists</a> and others:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__1670"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000757278/" class="def">Pediatrician</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318823/" class="def">Pediatric surgeon</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046546/" class="def">Radiation oncologist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046244/" class="def">Pathologist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318821/" class="def">Pediatric nurse specialist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044730/" class="def">Social worker</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318825/" class="def">Rehabilitation specialist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044716/" class="def">Psychologist</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000690737/" class="def">Child-life specialist</a>.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1671"><h3><div class="milestone-start" id="CDR0000790955__1672"></div>Three types of standard treatment are used:<div class="milestone-end"></div></h3><div id="CDR0000790955__1673"><h4>Surgery</h4><p id="CDR0000790955__1675"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">Surgery</a> to remove as much of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> as possible is done.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1676"><h4>Radiation therapy</h4><p id="CDR0000790955__1678"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">Radiation therapy</a> is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045944/" class="def">x-rays</a> or other types of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045072/" class="def">radiation</a> to kill cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> or keep them from growing. In <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444989/" class="def">esophageal cancer</a>, a plastic or metal tube is passed through the mouth and into the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a>. A machine that is outside the body has a special tool that is placed in the tube to send radiation toward the cancer.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1679"><h4>Chemotherapy</h4><p id="CDR0000790955__1681"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a> is a cancer treatment that uses <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000348921/" class="def">drugs</a> to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476471/" class="def">vein</a> or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000301626/" class="def">systemic chemotherapy</a>).</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1682"><h3>New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1684">This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a>. It may not mention every new treatment being studied.
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Information about clinical trials is available from the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI website</a>.</p><div id="CDR0000790955__1685"><h4>Targeted therapy</h4><p id="CDR0000790955__1687"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270742/" class="def">Targeted therapy</a> is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to attack cancer cells. Targeted therapies usually cause less harm to normal cells than chemotherapy or radiation therapy do.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__1688">Targeted therapy is being studied for the treatment of childhood esophageal cancer that has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a> (come back).</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1689"><h3>Treatment for childhood esophageal cancer may cause side effects.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1689_76">For information about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> that begin during treatment for cancer, see our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Side Effects</a> page.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__1691">Side effects from cancer treatment that begin after treatment and continue for months or years are called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390292/" class="def">late effects</a>. Late effects of cancer treatment may include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__1692"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Physical problems, such as narrowing of the esophagus.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Changes in mood, feelings, thinking, learning, or memory.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046658/" class="def">Second cancers</a> (new types of cancer) or other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790955__1693">Some late effects may be treated or controlled. It is important to talk with your child's doctors about the possible late effects caused by some treatments. See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000373791/">Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer</a> for more information.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1694"><h3>Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1694_23">For some patients, taking part in a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process. Clinical trials are done to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and effective or better than the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard treatment</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__1694_24">Many of today's standard treatments for cancer are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__1694_25">Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1696"><h3>Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1696_29">Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop cancer from <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurring</a> (coming back) or reduce the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> of cancer treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__1696_30">Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials supported by NCI can be found on NCI’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trials search</a> webpage. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> website.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1698"><h3>Follow-up tests may be needed. </h3><p id="CDR0000790955__1698_55">Some of the tests that were done to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046450/" class="def">diagnose</a> the cancer or to find out the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045885/" class="def">stage</a> of the cancer may be repeated. Some tests will be repeated in order to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__1698_56">Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your child's <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">condition</a> has changed or if the cancer has <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046556/" class="def">recurred</a> (come back). These tests are sometimes called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044671/" class="def">follow-up</a> tests or check-ups.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1700"><h2 id="_CDR0000790955__1700_">Treatment of Childhood Esophageal Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000790955__1703">For information about the treatments listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000790955__1672">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__1701">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444989/" class="def">esophageal cancer</a> in children may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__1702"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">Surgery</a> to remove all or part of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">Radiation therapy</a> given through a plastic or metal tube placed through the mouth into the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046408/" class="def">esophagus</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">Chemotherapy</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790955__TrialSearch_1700_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1704"><h2 id="_CDR0000790955__1704_">Treatment of Recurrent Childhood Esophageal Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000790955__1707">For information about the treatment listed below, see the <a href="#CDR0000790955__1672">Treatment Option Overview</a> section.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__1705">Treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045862/" class="def">recurrent</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444989/" class="def">esophageal cancer</a> in children may include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__1706"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trial</a> that checks a sample of the patient's <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> for certain <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045693/" class="def">gene</a> changes. The type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270742/" class="def">targeted therapy</a> that will be given to the patient depends on the type of gene change.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790955__TrialSearch_1704_19">Use our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">General information</a> about clinical trials is also available.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__1708"><h2 id="_CDR0000790955__1708_">To Learn More About Childhood Esophageal Cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000790955__1709">For more information from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044266/" class="def">National Cancer Institute</a> about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444989/" class="def">esophageal cancer</a>, see the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__1710"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Esophageal Cancer Home Page</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/ct-scans-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Computed Tomography (CT) Scans and Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies/targeted-therapies-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Targeted Cancer Therapies</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000286996/">Nutrition in Cancer Care</a></div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790955__1708_44">For more childhood <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> information and other general cancer resources, see the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000790955__1708_45"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">About Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Childhood Cancers</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="http://www.curesearch.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CureSearch for Children's Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000373791/">Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer in Children and Adolescents</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Staging</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Coping with Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/questions" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Cancer</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/ocs/resources/survivors.html" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">For Survivors and Caregivers</a>
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000790955__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood esophageal cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/pediatric-treatment" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Childhood Esophageal Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/child-esophageal-treatment-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/child-esophageal-treatment-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. </p><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000790955__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK547387</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31593388" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">31593388</a></span></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK547387.1/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK547387.1/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK547387" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK547387" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. Childhood Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2019 Oct 3. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547387.6/">NBK547387.6</a></span> October 15, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547387.5/">NBK547387.5</a></span> October 31, 2022</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547387.4/">NBK547387.4</a></span> May 20, 2021</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547387.3/">NBK547387.3</a></span> January 14, 2021</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547387.2/">NBK547387.2</a></span> July 15, 2020</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm">NBK547387.1</span> October 3, 2019 (Displayed Version)</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this Page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CDR0000790955__869" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">General Information About Childhood Esophageal Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790955__1653" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Stages of Childhood Esophageal Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790955__1662" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Recurrent Esophageal Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790955__1664" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment Option Overview</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790955__1700" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Childhood Esophageal Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790955__1704" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Treatment of Recurrent Childhood Esophageal Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790955__1708" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">To Learn More About Childhood Esophageal Cancer</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000790955__AboutThis_1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">About This PDQ Summary</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related publications</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" 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