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</svg> Books</a></div><div class="jr-rhead f1 flexh"><div class="head"></div><div class="body"><div class="t">Childhood Heart Tumors (PDQ®): Patient Version</div><div class="j">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]</div></div><div class="tail"></div></div><div id="jr-tb2"><a id="jr-bkhelp-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Help with NLM PubReader">?</a><a id="jr-help-sw" class="btn wsprkl hidden" title="Settings and typography in NLM PubReader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M462,283.742v-55.485l-29.981-10.662c-11.431-4.065-20.628-12.794-25.274-24.001 c-0.002-0.004-0.004-0.009-0.006-0.013c-4.659-11.235-4.333-23.918,0.889-34.903l13.653-28.724l-39.234-39.234l-28.72,13.652 c-10.979,5.219-23.68,5.546-34.908,0.889c-0.005-0.002-0.01-0.003-0.014-0.005c-11.215-4.65-19.933-13.834-24-25.273L283.741,50 h-55.484l-10.662,29.981c-4.065,11.431-12.794,20.627-24.001,25.274c-0.005,0.002-0.009,0.004-0.014,0.005 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(PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contribs">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board.</p><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK547382_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000790961__1">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood heart tumors. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__2">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__3"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__3_">What are childhood heart tumors?</h2><p id="CDR0000790961__181">Heart tumors (also called cardiac tumors) are rare growths that can form in any part of the heart. They can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Most heart tumors in children are benign. Although benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body, they may require treatment to stop them from causing problems with the heart's rhythm and blood flow. Cancerous heart tumors are very rare in children. They can spread to other parts of the body and require more intensive treatment than benign tumors.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__5">Types of benign heart tumors that may occur in a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046400/" class="def">fetus</a>, newborn, or child include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790961__6"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Rhabdomyoma is a tumor that forms in muscle made up of long <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046401/" class="def">fibers</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Myxoma is a tumor that may be part of a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000797792/" class="def">hereditary syndrome</a> called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000597110/" class="def">Carney complex</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Teratoma is a type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045695/" class="def">germ cell tumor</a>. In the heart, these tumors form most often in the pericardium (the sac that covers the heart). Some teratomas are cancerous.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Fibroma is a tumor that forms in fiber-like tissue that holds bones, muscles, and other organs in place.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div> Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy tumor is a tumor that forms in the heart cells that control heart rhythm. </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Hemangioma is a tumor that forms in the cells that line <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045020/" class="def">blood vessels</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Neurofibroma is a tumor that forms in the cells and tissues that cover <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000373935/" class="def">nerves</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790961__7">The most common benign heart tumors that may occur in a fetus or newborn include rhabdomyoma, myxoma, teratoma, and fibroma. Most rhabdomyomas go away on their own.</p><div id="CDR0000790961__8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Heart%20tumors%20are%20rare%20tumors%20that%20form%20in%20the%20tissues%20of%20the%20heart%2C%20including%20muscle%20tissue%2C%20connective%20tissue%2C%20and%20tissues%20that%20line%20the%20blood%20vessels%2C%20control%20heart%20rhythm%2C%20and%20cover%20the%20nerves%20of%20the%20heart&p=BOOKS&id=607942_CDR0000804602.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK547382/bin/CDR0000804602.jpg" alt="Anatomy of the heart; a pullout shows the aorta, superior vena cava, pericardium, coronary artery, and inferior vena cava." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Heart tumors are rare tumors that form in the tissues of the heart, including muscle tissue, connective tissue, and tissues that line the blood vessels, control heart rhythm, and cover the nerves of the heart. They may also form in the pericardium (the sac around the heart). Most heart tumors are benign (not cancer), but some may be malignant (cancer).</p></div></div><p id="CDR0000790961__9">Types of cancerous heart tumors that may occur in a fetus, newborn, or child include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790961__10"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Malignant teratoma is a type of germ cell tumor. In the heart, these tumors form most often in the pericardium (the sac that covers the heart). Most teratomas are not cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Primary cardiac <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045368/" class="def">lymphoma</a> begins in the heart and/or pericardium (the sac that covers the heart).</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Rhabdomyosarcoma forms in muscle made up of long fibers.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Angiosarcoma forms in cells that line blood vessels or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000269462/" class="def">lymph vessels</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma usually forms in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045882/" class="def">soft tissue</a>, but it may also form in bone.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Leiomyosarcoma forms in smooth muscle cells.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Chondrosarcoma usually forms in bone <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044190/" class="def">cartilage</a>, but very rarely can begin in the heart.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Synovial sarcoma usually forms around <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000458080/" class="def">joints</a>, but may very rarely form in the heart or sac around the heart.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Infantile fibrosarcoma forms in fiber-like tissue that holds bones, muscles, and other organs in place.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790961__12"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__12_">Causes and risk factors for childhood heart tumors</h2><p id="CDR0000790961__13">Heart tumors in children are caused by certain changes to the way heart cells function, especially how they grow and divide into new cells. Often, the exact cause of the cell changes is unknown. Learn more about how cancer develops at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">What Is Cancer?</a></p><p id="CDR0000790961__14">A risk factor is anything that increases the chance of getting a disease. A fetus or newborn can have a higher risk of benign heart tumors if they have a genetic condition called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000304692/" class="def">tuberous sclerosis</a>. Another condition, called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000597110/" class="def">Carney complex</a>, might also increase a child's risk of a type of benign heart tumor called myxoma. Not all children with these risk factors will get a benign heart tumor, and benign heart tumors may develop in some children who don't have a known risk factor. Talk with your child's doctor if you think your child may be at risk.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__182">There are no known risk factors for cancerous heart tumors in children.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__15"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__15_">Symptoms of childhood heart tumors</h2><p id="CDR0000790961__16">Most children with a heart tumor will have some signs and symptoms that alert parents of a problem. It's important to check with your child's doctor if your child has:</p><ul id="CDR0000790961__17"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>a change in the heart's normal rhythm</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>trouble breathing, especially when lying down</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>pain or tightness in the middle of the chest that feels better when sitting up</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>coughing</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>fainting</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>feeling dizzy, tired, or weak</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>fast <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000748353/" class="def">heart rate</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>swelling in the legs, ankles, or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045070/" class="def">abdomen</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>signs of a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000439425/" class="def">stroke</a>, including sudden:<ul id="CDR0000790961__18"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>confusion or trouble speaking or understanding</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>trouble seeing with one or both eyes</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>trouble walking or feeling dizzy</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>loss of balance or coordination</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>severe headache for no known reason</div></li></ul></div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790961__19">These symptoms may be caused by problems other than a heart tumor. The only way to know is to see your child's doctor.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__20"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__20_">Tests to diagnose childhood heart tumors</h2><p id="CDR0000790961__21">If your child has symptoms that suggest a heart tumor, the doctor will need to find out the cause. The doctor will ask when the symptoms started and how often your child has been having them. They will also ask about your child's <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642021/" class="def">personal</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642015/" class="def">family medical history</a> and do a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270871/" class="def">physical exam</a>. Depending on these results, they may recommend other tests. If your child is diagnosed with a heart tumor, the results of these tests will help you and your child's doctor plan treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__22">The tests and procedures used to diagnose heart tumors may include:</p><div id="CDR0000790961__23"><h3>Echocardiogram</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__24">An echocardiogram uses high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off the heart and nearby tissues or organs and make echoes. A moving picture is made of the heart and heart valves as blood is pumped through the heart.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__25"><h3>CT scan (CAT scan)</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__26">A CT scan uses a computer linked to an x-ray machine to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. The pictures are taken from different angles and are used to create 3-D views of tissues and organs. A dye may be <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044678/" class="def">injected</a> into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography. Learn more about <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/ct-scans-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Computed Tomography (CT) Scans and Cancer</a>.<div id="CDR0000790961__27" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Computed%20tomography%20(CT)%20scan&p=BOOKS&id=607942_CDR0000775531.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK547382/bin/CDR0000775531.jpg" alt="Computed tomography (CT) scan; drawing shows a child lying on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes a series of detailed x-ray pictures of areas inside the body." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Computed tomography (CT) scan. The child lies on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes a series of detailed x-ray pictures of areas inside the body.</p></div></div></p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__28"><h3>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__29">MRI uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas of the body, such as the head and neck. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).<div id="CDR0000790961__30" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20(MRI)%20scan&p=BOOKS&id=607942_CDR0000775532.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img src="/books/NBK547382/bin/CDR0000775532.jpg" alt="Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan; drawing shows a child lying on a table that slides into the MRI machine, which takes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The child lies on a table that slides into the MRI machine, which takes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. The positioning of the child on the table depends on the part of the body being imaged.</p></div></div></p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__31"><h3>Chest x-ray</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__32">An x-ray is a type of radiation that can go through the body and make pictures. A chest x-ray is one that makes pictures of the organs and bones inside the chest.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__33"><h3>Electrocardiogram (EKG)</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__34">An EKG is a recording of the heart's electrical activity to check its rate and rhythm. Small pads (electrodes) are placed on the patient's chest, arms, and legs, and are connected by wires to the EKG machine. Heart activity is then recorded as a line graph on paper. Electrical activity that is faster or slower than normal may be a sign of heart disease or damage.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__35"><h3>Cardiac catheterization</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__36">Cardiac catheterization is a procedure to look inside the blood vessels and heart for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044636/" class="def">abnormal</a> areas or cancer. A long, thin, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045637/" class="def">catheter</a> is inserted into an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440100/" class="def">artery</a> or vein in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046375/" class="def">groin</a>, neck, or arm and threaded through the blood vessels to the heart. A sample of tissue may be removed using a special tool. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046244/" class="def">pathologist</a> views the tissue under a microscope to look for cancer cells.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000790961__37"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__37_">Getting a second opinion</h2><p id="CDR0000790961__38">You may want to get a second opinion to confirm your child's diagnosis and treatment plan. If you seek a second opinion, you will need to get medical test results and reports from the first doctor to share with the second doctor. The second doctor will review the pathology report, slides, and scans. They may agree with the first doctor, suggest changes to the treatment plan, or provide more information about your child's tumor.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__39">To learn more about choosing a doctor and getting a second opinion, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care/services" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Finding Cancer Care</a>. You can contact <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's Cancer Information Service</a> via chat, email, or phone (both in English and Spanish) for help finding a doctor or hospital that can provide a second opinion. For questions you might want to ask at your child's appointments, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/questions" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Questions to Ask Your Doctor About Cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__45"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__45_">Types of treatment for childhood heart tumors</h2><div id="CDR0000790961__178"><h3>Who treats children with heart tumors?</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__47">A pediatric oncologist, a doctor who specializes in treating children with cancer, oversees treatment of heart tumors. The pediatric oncologist works with other health care providers who are experts in treating children with cancer and who specialize in certain areas of medicine. Other specialists may include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790961__48"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000757278/" class="def">pediatrician</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>pediatric heart <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044306/" class="def">surgeon</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>pediatric <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000774825/" class="def">cardiologist</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046546/" class="def">radiation oncologist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046244/" class="def">pathologist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318821/" class="def">pediatric nurse specialist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044730/" class="def">social worker</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000318825/" class="def">rehabilitation specialist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044716/" class="def">psychologist</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000690737/" class="def">child-life specialist</a>
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</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790961__46">There are different types of treatment for children and adolescents with heart tumors. You and your child's care team will work together to decide treatment. Many factors will be considered, such as your child's overall health and whether the tumor is newly diagnosed or has come back.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__50">Your child's treatment plan will include information about the tumor, the goals of treatment, treatment options, and the possible side effects. It will be helpful to talk with your child's care team before treatment begins about what to expect. For help every step of the way, see our booklet, <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__51"><h3>Watchful waiting</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__52">Watchful waiting is closely monitoring a child's condition without giving any treatment until signs or symptoms appear or change. This treatment may be used for rhabdomyoma (a benign tumor).</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__53"><h3>Surgery</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__54">When possible, the tumor is removed by surgery. Types of surgery that may be done include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790961__55"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Surgery to remove the tumor and some healthy tissue around it.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Heart <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046631/" class="def">transplant</a>. If the child is waiting for a donated heart, they may receive other treatment as needed.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790961__56">Sometimes chemotherapy may be given before surgery to make a cancerous tumor smaller and decrease the amount of tissue that needs to be removed during surgery. This is called neoadjuvant (preoperative) therapy.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__57"><h3>Chemotherapy</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__58">Chemotherapy (also called chemo) uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy either kills the cancer cells or stops them from dividing. For children with sarcoma, chemotherapy may be given alone or with other types of treatment to reduce the size of the tumor before surgery. </p><p id="CDR0000790961__60">Learn more about <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/chemotherapy" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Chemotherapy to Treat Cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__61"><h3>Radiation therapy</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__62">Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. Cancerous heart tumors are sometimes treated with external beam radiation therapy. External beam radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the area of the body with cancer. Radiation therapy may be used when the cancer cannot be removed by surgery.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__63">Learn more about <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/external-beam" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">External Beam Radiation Therapy for Cancer</a> and <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy/side-effects" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Radiation Therapy Side Effects</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__64"><h3>Targeted therapy</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__65">Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances to block the action of specific <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046081/" class="def">enzymes</a>, proteins, or other molecules involved in the growth of tumor cells.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__66">Targeted therapies used to treat benign heart tumors include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790961__67"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/everolimus" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">everolimus</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045513/" class="def">sirolimus</a>
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</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790961__69">Learn more about <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/targeted-therapies" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Targeted Therapy to Treat Cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__70"><h3>Clinical trials</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__70_md_9">For some children, joining a clinical trial may be an option. There are different types of clinical trials for childhood cancer. For example, a treatment trial tests new treatments or new ways of using current treatments. Supportive care and palliative care trials look at ways to improve quality of life, especially for those who have side effects from cancer and its treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__70_md_10">You can use the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials-search" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">clinical trial search</a> to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials accepting participants. The search allows you to filter trials based on the type of cancer, your child's age, and where the trials are being done. Clinical trials supported by other organizations can be found on the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> website.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__70_md_11">Learn more about clinical trials, including how to find and join one, at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Clinical Trials Information for Patients and Caregivers</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__74"><h3>Treatment of childhood heart tumors</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__75">Treatment of newly diagnosed childhood heart tumors may include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790961__76"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045942/" class="def">watchful waiting</a> for children with rhabdomyoma (a benign tumor), which sometimes shrinks and goes away on its own</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>targeted therapy (<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/everolimus" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">everolimus</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045513/" class="def">sirolimus</a>) for children with rhabdomyoma or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000304692/" class="def">tuberous sclerosis</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>chemotherapy followed by surgery (which may include removing some or all of the tumor or a heart <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046631/" class="def">transplant</a>) for children with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045562/" class="def">sarcomas</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>surgery to completely remove the tumor for children with other types of heart tumors</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>radiation therapy for children with cancerous tumors that cannot be removed by surgery</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790961__177">If a cancerous tumor comes back after treatment, your child's doctor will talk with you about what to expect and possible next steps. There may be treatment options that could shrink the tumor or control its growth. If there are no treatments, your child can receive care to control symptoms from cancer so they can be as comfortable as possible.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000790961__81"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__81_">Side effects and late effects of treatment</h2><p id="CDR0000790961__179">Treatments for heart tumors can cause side effects. Which side effects your child might have depends on the type of treatment they receive, the dose, and how their body reacts. Talk with your child's treatment team about which side effects to look for and ways to manage them.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__81_md_76">To learn more about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> that begin during treatment for cancer, visit <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Side Effects</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__82">Problems from cancer treatment that begin 6 months or later after treatment and continue for months or years are called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390292/" class="def">late effects</a>. Late effects of cancer treatment may include:</p><ul id="CDR0000790961__83"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>physical problems</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>changes in mood, feelings, thinking, learning, or memory</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046658/" class="def">second cancers</a> (new types of cancer) or other conditions</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000790961__84">Some late effects may be treated or controlled. It is important to talk with your child's doctors about the possible late effects caused by some treatments. Learn more about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000373791/?report=reader">Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__85"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__85_">Follow-up care</h2><p id="CDR0000790961__85_md_98">As your child goes through treatment, they will have follow-up tests or check-ups. Some of the tests that were done to diagnose the cancer may be repeated to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__85_md_99">Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your child's condition has changed or if the cancer has recurred (come back).</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__88"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__88_">Coping with your child's cancer</h2><p id="CDR0000790961__89">When your child has a heart tumor, every member of the family needs support. Taking care of yourself during this difficult time is important. Reach out to your child's treatment team and to people in your family and community for support. To learn more, see <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/caregiver-support/parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Support for Families: Childhood Cancer</a> and the booklet <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/guide-for-parents" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__90"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__90_">Related resources</h2><p id="CDR0000790961__91">For more childhood cancer information and other general cancer resources, see:</p><ul id="CDR0000790961__92"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">About Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Childhood Cancers</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="http://www.curesearch.org/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CureSearch for Children's Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/aya" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/child-adolescent-cancers-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer in Children and Adolescents</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/ocs/resources/survivors.html" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">For Survivors and Caregivers</a>
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000790961__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood cardiac (heart) tumors. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/pediatric-treatment" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Childhood Heart Tumors. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/types/cardiac/patient-child-cardiac-treatment-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/types/cardiac/patient-child-cardiac-treatment-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. </p><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000790961__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK547382_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Author Information and Affiliations</h3><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board</span>.</p><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Published online: October 4, 2024.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">October 2, 2019</span>.</p><h3>Version History</h3><ul class="simple-list" style="padding:0"><li><span class="bk_col_itm">NBK547382.9</span> October 4, 2024 (Displayed Version)</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547382.8/?report=reader">NBK547382.8</a></span> April 26, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547382.7/?report=reader">NBK547382.7</a></span> April 5, 2024</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547382.6/?report=reader">NBK547382.6</a></span> May 20, 2021</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547382.5/?report=reader">NBK547382.5</a></span> January 14, 2021</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547382.4/?report=reader">NBK547382.4</a></span> August 13, 2020</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547382.3/?report=reader">NBK547382.3</a></span> July 15, 2020</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547382.2/?report=reader">NBK547382.2</a></span> November 11, 2019</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK547382.1/?report=reader">NBK547382.1</a></span> October 3, 2019</li></ul><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. Childhood Heart Tumors (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2024 Oct 4. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"></div><div class="small-screen-next"></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobCDR00007909618"><div id="CDR0000790961__8" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Heart%20tumors%20are%20rare%20tumors%20that%20form%20in%20the%20tissues%20of%20the%20heart%2C%20including%20muscle%20tissue%2C%20connective%20tissue%2C%20and%20tissues%20that%20line%20the%20blood%20vessels%2C%20control%20heart%20rhythm%2C%20and%20cover%20the%20nerves%20of%20the%20heart&p=BOOKS&id=607942_CDR0000804602.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK547382/bin/CDR0000804602.jpg" alt="Anatomy of the heart; a pullout shows the aorta, superior vena cava, pericardium, coronary artery, and inferior vena cava." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Heart tumors are rare tumors that form in the tissues of the heart, including muscle tissue, connective tissue, and tissues that line the blood vessels, control heart rhythm, and cover the nerves of the heart. They may also form in the pericardium (the sac around the heart). Most heart tumors are benign (not cancer), but some may be malignant (cancer).</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobCDR000079096127"><div id="CDR0000790961__27" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Computed%20tomography%20(CT)%20scan&p=BOOKS&id=607942_CDR0000775531.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK547382/bin/CDR0000775531.jpg" alt="Computed tomography (CT) scan; drawing shows a child lying on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes a series of detailed x-ray pictures of areas inside the body." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Computed tomography (CT) scan. The child lies on a table that slides through the CT scanner, which takes a series of detailed x-ray pictures of areas inside the body.</p></div></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobCDR000079096130"><div id="CDR0000790961__30" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><a href="/core/lw/2.0/html/tileshop_pmc/tileshop_pmc_inline.html?title=Magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20(MRI)%20scan&p=BOOKS&id=607942_CDR0000775532.jpg" target="tileshopwindow" class="inline_block pmc_inline_block ts_canvas img_link" title="Click on image to zoom"><div class="ts_bar small" title="Click on image to zoom"></div><img data-src="/books/NBK547382/bin/CDR0000775532.jpg" alt="Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan; drawing shows a child lying on a table that slides into the MRI machine, which takes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body." class="tileshop" title="Click on image to zoom" /></a></div><div class="caption"><p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The child lies on a table that slides into the MRI machine, which takes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. The positioning of the child on the table depends on the part of the body being imaged.</p></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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