nih-gov/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543113/index.html

667 lines
No EOL
75 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<!-- AppResources meta begin -->
<meta name="paf-app-resources" content="" />
<script type="text/javascript">var ncbi_startTime = new Date();</script>
<!-- AppResources meta end -->
<!-- TemplateResources meta begin -->
<meta name="paf_template" content="" />
<!-- TemplateResources meta end -->
<!-- Logger begin -->
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books" /><meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-part" /><meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK543113" /><meta name="ncbi_domain" content="gene" /><meta name="ncbi_report" content="record" /><meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext" /><meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="" /><meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK543113/" /><meta name="ncbi_pagename" content="Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Navajo Population - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="ncbi_bookparttype" content="appendix" /><meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf" />
<!-- Logger end -->
<title>Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Navajo Population - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
<!-- AppResources external_resources begin -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/jig/1.15.2/css/jig.min.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/core/jig/1.15.2/js/jig.min.js"></script>
<!-- AppResources external_resources end -->
<!-- Page meta begin -->
<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="GeneReviews® [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Navajo Population" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="University of Washington, Seattle" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2022/11/03" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Stephanie E Wallace" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Lora JH Bean" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543113/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Navajo Population" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="University of Washington, Seattle" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Stephanie E Wallace" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Lora JH Bean" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2022/11/03" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543113/" /><meta name="description" content="A founder variant is a pathogenic variant observed at high frequency in a specific population due to the presence of the variant in a single ancestor or small number of ancestors. The presence of a founder variant can affect the approach to molecular genetic testing. When one or more founder variants account for a large percentage of all pathogenic variants found in a population, testing for the founder variant(s) may be performed first." /><meta name="og:title" content="Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Navajo Population" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="A founder variant is a pathogenic variant observed at high frequency in a specific population due to the presence of the variant in a single ancestor or small number of ancestors. The presence of a founder variant can affect the approach to molecular genetic testing. When one or more founder variants account for a large percentage of all pathogenic variants found in a population, testing for the founder variant(s) may be performed first." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543113/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-gene-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/gene/founder_navajo/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543113/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">if (typeof (jQuery) != 'undefined') { (function ($) { $(function () { var min = Math.ceil(1); var max = Math.floor(100000); var randomNum = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min; var surveyUrl = "/projects/Gene/portal/surveys/seqdbui-survey.js?rando=" + randomNum.toString(); $.getScript(surveyUrl, function () { try { ncbi.seqDbUISurvey.init(); } catch (err) { console.info(err); } }).fail(function (jqxhr, settings, exception) { console.info('Cannot load survey script', jqxhr); });; }); })(jQuery); };</script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
<!-- Page meta end -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico" /><meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8C75887DB49A9100000000004A0040.m_12" />
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3852956/3985586/3808861/4121862/3974050/3917732/251717/4216701/14534/45193/4113719/3849091/3984811/3751656/4033350/3840896/3577051/3852958/4008682/4207974/4206132/4062871/12930/3964959/3854974/36029/4128070/9685/3549676/3609192/3609193/3609213/3395586.css" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3411343/3882866.css" media="print" /></head>
<body class="book-part">
<div class="grid">
<div class="col twelve_col nomargin shadow">
<!-- System messages like service outage or JS required; this is handled by the TemplateResources portlet -->
<div class="sysmessages">
<noscript>
<p class="nojs">
<strong>Warning:</strong>
The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function.
<a href="/guide/browsers/#enablejs" title="Learn how to enable JavaScript" target="_blank">more...</a>
</p>
</noscript>
</div>
<!--/.sysmessage-->
<div class="wrap">
<div class="page">
<div class="top">
<div id="universal_header">
<section class="usa-banner">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner-header">
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" />
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
<button class="non-usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-top" type="button">
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner-top" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov" />
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
<strong>The .gov means it's official.</strong>
<br />
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal
government site.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https" />
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
<strong>The site is secure.</strong>
<br />
The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
and transmitted securely.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
<header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header">
<div class="usa-grid">
<div class="usa-width-one-whole">
<div class="ncbi-header__logo">
<a href="/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo">
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="ncbi-header__account">
<a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a>
<button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none" aria-controls="account_popup" type="button">
<span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="20px" height="20px">
<g style="fill: #fff">
<ellipse cx="12" cy="8" rx="5" ry="6"></ellipse>
<path d="M21.8,19.1c-0.9-1.8-2.6-3.3-4.8-4.2c-0.6-0.2-1.3-0.2-1.8,0.1c-1,0.6-2,0.9-3.2,0.9s-2.2-0.3-3.2-0.9 C8.3,14.8,7.6,14.7,7,15c-2.2,0.9-3.9,2.4-4.8,4.2C1.5,20.5,2.6,22,4.1,22h15.8C21.4,22,22.5,20.5,21.8,19.1z"></path>
</g>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Show account info</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="ncbi-popup-anchor">
<div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="ncbi-popup-head">
<button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu" type="button">
<span class="fa fa-times">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 48 48" width="24px" height="24px">
<path d="M38 12.83l-2.83-2.83-11.17 11.17-11.17-11.17-2.83 2.83 11.17 11.17-11.17 11.17 2.83 2.83 11.17-11.17 11.17 11.17 2.83-2.83-11.17-11.17z"></path>
</svg>
</span>
<span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button>
<h4>Account</h4>
</div>
<div class="account-user-info">
Logged in as:<br />
<b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b>
</div>
<div class="account-links">
<ul class="usa-unstyled-list">
<li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li>
<li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li>
<li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li>
<li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys">
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a>
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a>
</div>
<section data-section="Alerts">
<div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="header">
<div class="res_logo"><h1 class="res_name"><a href="/books/" title="Bookshelf home">Bookshelf</a></h1><h2 class="res_tagline"></h2></div>
<div class="search"><form method="get" action="/books/"><div class="search_form"><label for="database" class="offscreen_noflow">Search database</label><select id="database"><optgroup label="Recent"><option value="books" selected="selected" data-ac_dict="bookshelf-search">Books</option><option value="pmc">PMC</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="sra" class="last">SRA</option></optgroup><optgroup label="All"><option value="gquery">All Databases</option><option value="assembly">Assembly</option><option value="biocollections">Biocollections</option><option value="bioproject">BioProject</option><option value="biosample">BioSample</option><option value="books" data-ac_dict="bookshelf-search">Books</option><option value="clinvar">ClinVar</option><option value="cdd">Conserved Domains</option><option value="gap">dbGaP</option><option value="dbvar">dbVar</option><option value="gene">Gene</option><option value="genome">Genome</option><option value="gds">GEO DataSets</option><option value="geoprofiles">GEO Profiles</option><option value="gtr">GTR</option><option value="ipg">Identical Protein Groups</option><option value="medgen">MedGen</option><option value="mesh">MeSH</option><option value="nlmcatalog">NLM Catalog</option><option value="nuccore">Nucleotide</option><option value="omim">OMIM</option><option value="pmc">PMC</option><option value="protein">Protein</option><option value="proteinclusters">Protein Clusters</option><option value="protfam">Protein Family Models</option><option value="pcassay">PubChem BioAssay</option><option value="pccompound">PubChem Compound</option><option value="pcsubstance">PubChem Substance</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="snp">SNP</option><option value="sra">SRA</option><option value="structure">Structure</option><option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option><option value="toolkit">ToolKit</option><option value="toolkitall">ToolKitAll</option><option value="toolkitbookgh">ToolKitBookgh</option></optgroup></select><div class="nowrap"><label for="term" class="offscreen_noflow" accesskey="/">Search term</label><div class="nowrap"><input type="text" name="term" id="term" title="Search Books. Use up and down arrows to choose an item from the autocomplete." value="" class="jig-ncbiclearbutton jig-ncbiautocomplete" data-jigconfig="dictionary:'bookshelf-search',disableUrl:'NcbiSearchBarAutoComplCtrl'" autocomplete="off" data-sbconfig="ds:'no',pjs:'no',afs:'no'" /></div><button id="search" type="submit" class="button_search nowrap" cmd="go">Search</button></div></div></form><ul class="searchlinks inline_list"><li>
<a href="/books/browse/">Browse Titles</a>
</li><li>
<a href="/books/advanced/">Advanced</a>
</li><li class="help">
<a href="/books/NBK3833/">Help</a>
</li><li class="disclaimer">
<a target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="link_click" data-ga-label="disclaimer_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/about/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a>
</li></ul></div>
</div>
<!--<component id="Page" label="headcontent"/>-->
</div>
<div class="content">
<!-- site messages -->
<!-- Custom content 1 -->
<div class="col1">
</div>
<div class="container">
<div id="maincontent" class="content eight_col col">
<!-- Custom content in the left column above book nav -->
<div class="col2">
</div>
<!-- Book content -->
<!-- Custom content between navigation and content -->
<div class="col3">
</div>
<div class="document">
<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2025. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="All GeneReviews" href="/books/n/gene/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-gene-lrg.png" alt="Cover of GeneReviews®" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>GeneReviews<sup>®</sup> [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK543113_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK543113_dtls__"><div>Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors.</div><div>Seattle (WA): <a href="http://www.washington.edu" ref="pagearea=page-banner&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher">University of Washington, Seattle</a>; 1993-2025.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/gene/">GeneReviews by Title</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/gene/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search GeneReviews" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search GeneReviews" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form><div><ul class="inline_list"><li><a href="/books/n/gene/advanced/">GeneReviews Advanced Search</a></li><li style="margin-left:.5em"><a href="/books/n/gene/helpadvsearch/">Help</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/gene/founder_metis/" title="Previous page in this title">&lt; Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/gene/founder_newfl/" title="Next page in this title">Next &gt;</a></div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK543113_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Resources for Genetics Professionals &#x02014; Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Navajo Population</span></h1><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Stephanie E Wallace</span>, MD and <span itemprop="author">Lora JH Bean</span>, PhD.</p><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK543113_ai__" style="border:0;text-decoration:none">Author Information and Affiliations</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK543113_ai__"><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Stephanie E Wallace</span>, MD<div class="affiliation small">Senior Editor, <i>GeneReviews</i></div><div class="affiliation small">Clinical Professor, Pediatrics<br />University of Washington<br />Seattle, Washington<div><span class="email-label">Email: </span><a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="ude.wu@2rotide" class="oemail">ude.wu@2rotide</a></div></div></div><div class="contrib half_rhythm"><span itemprop="author">Lora JH Bean</span>, PhD<div class="affiliation small">Molecular Genetics Editor, <i>GeneReviews</i></div><div class="affiliation small">Senior Director, Laboratory Quality Assurance<br />Perkin-Elmer Genomics, Inc<br />Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</div></div></div><p class="small">Initial Posting: <span itemprop="datePublished">June 27, 2019</span>; Last Revision: <span itemprop="dateModified">November 3, 2022</span>.</p><p><em>Estimated reading time: 3 minutes</em></p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><p>A <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/founder-variant/">founder variant</a> is a <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/pathogenic-variant/">pathogenic variant</a> observed at high frequency in a specific population due to the presence of the variant in a single ancestor or small number of ancestors. The presence of a founder variant can affect the approach to <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/molecular-genetic-testing/">molecular genetic testing</a>. When one or more founder variants account for a large percentage of all pathogenic variants found in a population, testing for the founder variant(s) may be performed first.</p><p>The table below includes common founder variants &#x02013; here defined as <b>three or fewer variants that account for &#x0003e;50% of the pathogenic variants identified in a single <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/gene/">gene</a> in individuals of a specific ancestry</b> &#x02013; in individuals of Navajo ancestry. Note: Pathogenic variants that are common worldwide due to a DNA sequence <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/hot-spot/">hot spot</a> are not considered founder variants and thus are not included.</p><div id="founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc" class="table"><h3><span class="label">Table. </span></h3><div class="caption"><p>Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Navajo Population</p></div><p class="large-table-link" style="display:none"><span class="right"><a href="/books/NBK543113/table/founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc/?report=objectonly" target="object">View in own window</a></span></p><div class="large_tbl" id="__founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_lrgtbl__"><table class="no_bottom_margin"><thead><tr><th id="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_1" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Gene</th><th id="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_2" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Disorder</th><th id="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_3" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">MOI</th><th id="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_4" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">DNA Nucleotide Change<br />(Alias&#x000a0;<sup>1</sup>)</th><th id="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_5" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Predicted Protein Change</th><th id="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_6" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Proportion of Pathogenic Variants in Gene&#x000a0;<sup>2</sup></th><th id="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_7" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Carrier Frequency</th><th id="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_8" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Ethnicity (Specific Region)</th><th id="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_9" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Reference Sequences</th><th id="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_10" scope="col" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<i>ARSA</i>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="/books/n/gene/mld/">Arylsulfatase A deficiency</a>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">AR</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">c.854+1G&#x0003e;A</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">--</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">~100%&#x000a0;<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1/25 to 1/50</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo (Western Navajo Nation)</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_000487.6" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NM_000487<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.6</a>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.pastorsoler.1994.199">Pastor-Soler et al [1994]</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.holve.2001.203">Holve et al [2001]</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<i>DCLRE1C</i>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-A)<br />(OMIM <a href="https://omim.org/entry/602450" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">602450</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">AR</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">c.597C&#x0003e;A</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">p.Tyr199Ter</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">~100%&#x000a0;<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">~1/20 to 1/25</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001033855.3" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NM_001033855<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.3</a>
<br />
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001029027.1" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NP_001029027<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.1</a>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.kwan.2015.29">Kwan et al [2015]</a>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<i>HOXA1</i>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo brain stem syndrome<br />(See <a href="/books/n/gene/hoxa1-dis/"><i>HOXA1</i>-Related Disorders</a>.)</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">AR</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">c.76C&#x0003e;T</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">p.Arg26Ter</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">~100%&#x000a0;<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1/28&#x000a0;<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_005522.5" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NM_005522<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.5</a>
<br />
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_005513.2" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NP_005513<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.2</a>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.holve.2003.169">Holve et al [2003]</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.tischfield.2005.1035">Tischfield et al [2005]</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_1" rowspan="2" scope="row" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<i>MPV17</i>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo neurohepatopathy<br />(See <a href="/books/n/gene/mpv17-mtdep/"><i>MPV17</i>-Related Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance Defect</a>.)</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">AR</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">c.149G&#x0003e;A</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_5" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">p.Arg50Gln</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_6" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">~100%&#x000a0;<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1/26&#x000a0;<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo (Western Navajo Nation)</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_9" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_002437.5" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NM_002437<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.5</a>
<br />
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_002428.1" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NP_002428<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.1</a>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_10" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;"><a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.karadimas.2006.544">Karadimas et al [2006]</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.bitting.2016.463">Bitting &#x00026; Hanson [2016]</a></td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_7" colspan="1" scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1/60&#x000a0;<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo (Eastern)</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<i>MYO5B</i>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Microvillus inclusion disease<br />(OMIM <a href="https://omim.org/entry/251850" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">251850</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">AR</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">c.1979C&#x0003e;T</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">p.Pro660Leu</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">~100%&#x000a0;<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">1/55&#x000a0;<sup>4</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001080467.3" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NM_001080467<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.3</a>
<br />
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001073936.1" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NP_001073936<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.1</a>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.schlegel.2018.356">Schlegel et al [2018]</a>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<i>OCA2</i>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OMIM <a href="https://omim.org/entry/203200" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">203200</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">AR</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">g.103171_225796del<br />(c.1044+1363_2080-6952; 122.5-kb del,<br />incl exons 10-20)</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">--</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">~100%&#x000a0;<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">~1/22</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NG_009846.1" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NG_009846<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.1</a>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.yi.2003.62">Yi et al [2003]</a>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<i>TNFRSF11B</i>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Paget's disease<br />(OMIM <a href="https://omim.org/entry/239000" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">239000</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">AR</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">g.119932595_120030098del97504<br />(~100 kb del, incl entire <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/gene/">gene</a>)</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">--</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">~100%&#x000a0;<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Unknown</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NG_012202.1" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NG_012202<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.1</a>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.whyte.2002.175">Whyte et al [2002]</a>
</td></tr><tr><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_1" scope="row" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<i>USB1</i>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_2" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="/books/n/gene/poikiloderma-n/">Poikiloderma w/ neutropenia</a>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_3" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">AR</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_4" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">c.499delA</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_5" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">p.Thr160ProfsTer98</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_6" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">~100%&#x000a0;<sup>3</sup></td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_7" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Unknown</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_8" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">Navajo</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_9" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_024598.4" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NM_024598<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.4</a>
<br />
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_078874.2" ref="pagearea=body&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">NP_078874<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.2</a>
</td><td headers="hd_h_founder_navajo.T.genetic_disorders_assoc_1_1_1_10" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">
<a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.clericuzio.2011.337">Clericuzio et al [2011]</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">Included if &#x02264;3 pathogenic variants account for &#x02265;50% of variants identified in a specific ethnic group</p></div></dd><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_margin">AR = <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/autosomal-recessive/">autosomal recessive</a>; MOI = <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/mode-of-inheritance/">mode of inheritance</a></p></div></dd><dt>1. </dt><dd><div id="founder_navajo.TF.e.1"><p class="no_margin">Does not conform to standard HGVS nomenclature</p></div></dd><dt>2. </dt><dd><div id="founder_navajo.TF.e.2"><p class="no_margin">Percentage does not account for the possibility of rare <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/de-novo/"><i>de novo</i></a> pathogenic variants occurring in this population.</p></div></dd><dt>3. </dt><dd><div id="founder_navajo.TF.e.3"><p class="no_margin">To date, additional pathogenic variants in this <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/gene/">gene</a> have not been reported in individuals of Navajo descent.</p></div></dd><dt>4. </dt><dd><div id="founder_navajo.TF.e.4"><p class="no_margin">Calculated <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/carrier/">carrier</a> frequency based on the incidence of the disorder in individuals of Navajo ancestry; estimated carrier frequency is not based on molecular testing of the population.</p></div></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="founder_navajo.Revision_History"><h2 id="_founder_navajo_Revision_History_">Revision History</h2><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div>3 November 2022 (sw) Revision: updated <a class="def" href="/books/n/gene/glossary/def-item/carrier/">carrier</a> frequencies, added <a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.holve.2003.169">Holve et al [2003]</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.bitting.2016.463">Bitting &#x00026; Hanson [2016]</a>, <a class="bk_pop" href="#founder_navajo.REF.schlegel.2018.356">Schlegel et al [2018]</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>27 June 2019 (sw) Initial posting</div></li></ul></div><div id="founder_navajo.References"><h2 id="_founder_navajo_References_">References</h2><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.bitting.2016.463">Bitting
CP, Hanson
JA. Navajo neurohepatopathy: a case report and literature review emphasizing clinicopathologic diagnosis.
Acta Gastroenterol Belg.
2016;79:463-9.
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28209105" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28209105</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.clericuzio.2011.337">Clericuzio
C, Harutyunyan
K, Jin
W, Erickson
RP, Irvine
AD, McLean
WH, Wen
Y, Bagatell
R, Griffin
TA, Shwayder
TA, Plon
SE, Wang
LL. Identification of a novel C16orf57 mutation in Athabaskan patients with poikiloderma with neutropenia.
Am J Med Genet A.
2011;155A:337&#x02013;42.
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3069503/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3069503</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21271650" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 21271650</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.holve.2003.169">Holve
S, Friedman
B, Hoyme
HE, Tarby
TJ, Johnstone
SJ, Erickson
RP, Clericuzio
CL, Cunniff
C. Athabascan brainstem dysgenesis syndrome.
Am J Med Genet A.
2003;120A:169-73.
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12833395" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12833395</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.holve.2001.203">Holve
S, Hu
D, McCandless
SE. Metachromatic leukodystrophy in the Navajo: fallout of the American-Indian Wars of the nineteenth century.
Am J Med Genet.
2001;101:203-8.
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11424134" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11424134</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.karadimas.2006.544">Karadimas
CL, Vu
TH, Holve
SA, Chronopoulou
P, Quinzii
C, Johnsen
SD, Kurth
J, Eggers
E, Palenzuela
L, Tanji
K, Bonilla
E, De Vivo
DC, DiMauro
S, Hirano
M. Navajo neurohepatopathy is caused by a mutation in the MPV17 gene.
Am J Hum Genet.
2006;79:544&#x02013;8.
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1559552/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC1559552</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16909392" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16909392</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.kwan.2015.29">Kwan
A, Hu
D, Song
M, Gomes
H, Brown
DR, Bourque
T, Gonzalez-Espinosa
D, Lin
Z, Cowan
MJ, Puck
JM. Successful newborn screening for SCID in the Navajo Nation.
Clin Immunol.
2015;158:29-34.
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4420660/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4420660</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25762520" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25762520</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.pastorsoler.1994.199">Pastor-Soler
NM, Rafi
MA, Hoffman
JD, Hu
D, Wenger
DA. Metachromatic leukodystrophy in the Navajo Indian population: a splice site mutation in intron 4 of the arylsulfatase A gene.
Hum Mutat.
1994;4:199-207.
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7833949" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 7833949</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.schlegel.2018.356">Schlegel
C, Weis
VG, Knowles
BC, Lapierre
LA, Martin
MG, Dickman
P, Goldenring
JR, Shub
MD. Apical Membrane Alterations in Non-intestinal Organs in Microvillus Inclusion Disease.
Dig Dis Sci.
2018;63:356-65.
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5797493/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC5797493</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29218485" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29218485</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.tischfield.2005.1035">Tischfield
MA, Bosley
TM, Salih
MA, Alorainy
IA, Sener
EC, Nester
MJ, Oystreck
DT, Chan
WM, Andrews
C, Erickson
RP, Engle
EC. Homozygous HOXA1 mutations disrupt human brainstem, inner ear, cardiovascular and cognitive development.
Nat Genet.
2005;37:1035-7.
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16155570" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 16155570</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.whyte.2002.175">Whyte
MP, Obrecht
SE, Finnegan
PM, Jones
JL, Podgornik
MN, McAlister
WH, Mumm
S. Osteoprotegerin deficiency and juvenile Paget's disease.
N Engl J Med.
2002;347:175-84.
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12124406" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12124406</span></a>]</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div class="bk_ref" id="founder_navajo.REF.yi.2003.62">Yi
Z, Garrison
N, Cohen-Barak
O, Karafet
TM, King
RA, Erickson
RP, Hammer
MF, Brilliant
MH. A
122.5-kilobase deletion of the P gene underlies the high prevalence of oculocutaneous albinism type 2 in the Navajo population.
Am J Hum Genet.
2003;72:62&#x02013;72.
[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC420013/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC420013</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12469324" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 12469324</span></a>]</div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © 1993-2025, University of Washington, Seattle. GeneReviews is
a registered trademark of the University of Washington, Seattle. All rights
reserved.<p class="small">GeneReviews® chapters are owned by the University of Washington. Permission is
hereby granted to reproduce, distribute, and translate copies of content materials for
noncommercial research purposes only, provided that (i) credit for source (<a href="http://www.genereviews.org/" ref="pagearea=meta&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">http://www.genereviews.org/</a>) and copyright (© 1993-2025 University of
Washington) are included with each copy; (ii) a link to the original material is provided
whenever the material is published elsewhere on the Web; and (iii) reproducers,
distributors, and/or translators comply with the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/gene/GRcopyright_permiss/" ref="pagearea=meta&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">GeneReviews® Copyright Notice and Usage
Disclaimer</a>. No further modifications are allowed. For clarity, excerpts
of GeneReviews chapters for use in lab reports and clinic notes are a permitted
use.</p><p class="small">For more information, see the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/gene/GRcopyright_permiss/" ref="pagearea=meta&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">GeneReviews® Copyright Notice and Usage
Disclaimer</a>.</p><p class="small">For questions regarding permissions or whether a specified use is allowed,
contact: <a href="mailto:dev@null" data-email="ude.wu@tssamda" class="oemail">ude.wu@tssamda</a>.</p></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK543113</span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/gene/">GeneReviews by Title</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/gene/founder_metis/" title="Previous page in this title">&lt; Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/gene/founder_newfl/" title="Next page in this title">Next &gt;</a></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<!-- Custom content below content -->
<div class="col4">
</div>
<!-- Book content -->
<!-- Custom contetnt below bottom nav -->
<div class="col5">
</div>
</div>
<div id="rightcolumn" class="four_col col last">
<!-- Custom content above discovery portlets -->
<div class="col6">
<div id="ncbi_share_book"><a href="#" class="ncbi_share" data-ncbi_share_config="popup:false,shorten:true" ref="id=NBK543113&amp;db=books">Share</a></div>
</div>
<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK543113/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK543113/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK543113" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK543113" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Wallace SE, Bean LJH. Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Navajo Population. 2019 Jun 27 [Updated 2022 Nov 3]. In: Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2025. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK543113/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK543113.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (117K)</li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Bulk Download</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/litarch/ca/84/" ref="pagearea=source-links&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">Bulk download GeneReviews data from FTP</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>GeneReviews Links</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/n/gene/advanced/"><i>GeneReviews</i> Advanced Search</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/gene/glossary/"><i>GeneReviews</i> Glossary</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/gene/resource_mats/">Resource Materials</a> <span class="bk_hlight1">NEW FEATURE</span></li><li><a href="/books/n/gene/updates/">New in <i>GeneReviews</i></a></li><li><a href="/books/n/gene/authors/">Author List</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/gene/prospective_authors/">For Current/Prospective Authors</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/gene/GRpersonnel/"><i>GeneReviews</i> Personnel</a></li><li><a href="/books/n/gene/howto_linkin/">Download/Link to <i>GeneReviews</i></a></li><li><a href="/books/n/gene/contact_us/">Contact Us</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pmc&amp;DbFrom=books&amp;Cmd=Link&amp;LinkName=books_pmc_refs&amp;IdsFromResult=4827492" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">PubMed Central citations</div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=pubmed&amp;DbFrom=books&amp;Cmd=Link&amp;LinkName=books_pubmed_refs&amp;IdsFromResult=4827492" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Links to PubMed</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" class="HTOn">Turn Off</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')" class="HTOff">Turn On</a></div><ul id="activity"><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&amp;linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67db4dd584f3725e59adadff">Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Navajo Population - GeneReviews®<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&amp;linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67db4dd567c23b31e0384325">Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Métis Population - GeneReviews®<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&amp;linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67db4dd467c23b31e0384058">Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Mennonite Population - GeneReviews®<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&amp;linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67db4dd3cde49f3df77103f9">Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Māori Population - GeneReviews®<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&amp;linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67db4dd32f30673f7b7f9eaf">Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Lumbee Population - GeneReviews®<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li></ul><p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p><p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p><p id="turnOn" class="HTOff"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')">Turn recording back on</a></p><a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a></div></div></div>
<!-- Custom content below discovery portlets -->
<div class="col7">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Custom content after all -->
<div class="col8">
</div>
<div class="col9">
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.scrollTo-1.4.2.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function($){
$('.skiplink').each(function(i, item){
var href = $($(item).attr('href'));
href.attr('tabindex', '-1').addClass('skiptarget'); // ensure the target can receive focus
$(item).on('click', function(event){
event.preventDefault();
$.scrollTo(href, 0, {
onAfter: function(){
href.focus();
}
});
});
});
})(jQuery);
</script>
</div>
<div class="bottom">
<div id="NCBIFooter_dynamic">
<!--<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="breadcrumbs"/>
<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="helpdesk"/>-->
</div>
<div class="footer" id="footer">
<section class="icon-section">
<div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div>
<div class="grid-container container">
<div class="icon-section_container">
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<defs>
<style>
.cls-11 {
fill: #737373;
}
</style>
</defs>
<title>Twitter</title>
<path class="cls-11" d="M250.11,105.48c-7,3.14-13,3.25-19.27.14,8.12-4.86,8.49-8.27,11.43-17.46a78.8,78.8,0,0,1-25,9.55,39.35,39.35,0,0,0-67,35.85,111.6,111.6,0,0,1-81-41.08A39.37,39.37,0,0,0,81.47,145a39.08,39.08,0,0,1-17.8-4.92c0,.17,0,.33,0,.5a39.32,39.32,0,0,0,31.53,38.54,39.26,39.26,0,0,1-17.75.68,39.37,39.37,0,0,0,36.72,27.3A79.07,79.07,0,0,1,56,223.34,111.31,111.31,0,0,0,116.22,241c72.3,0,111.83-59.9,111.83-111.84,0-1.71,0-3.4-.1-5.09C235.62,118.54,244.84,113.37,250.11,105.48Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<title>Facebook</title>
<path class="cls-11" d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm" aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<title>LinkedIn</title>
<path class="cls-11" d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z">
</path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
<defs>
<style>
.cls-11,
.cls-12 {
fill: #737373;
}
.cls-11 {
fill-rule: evenodd;
}
</style>
</defs>
<title>GitHub</title>
<path class="cls-11" d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0">
</path>
<path class="cls-12" d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path>
</svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 40 40">
<defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs>
<title>NCBI Insights Blog</title>
<path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="container-fluid bg-primary">
<div class="container pt-5">
<div class="row mt-3">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
<p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p>
<ul class="list-inline social_media">
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
<style type="text/css">
.st20 {
fill: #FFFFFF;
}
.st30 {
fill: none;
stroke: #FFFFFF;
stroke-width: 8;
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
}
</style>
<title>Twitter</title>
<g>
<g>
<g>
<path class="st20" d="M192.9,88.1c-5,2.2-9.2,2.3-13.6,0.1c5.7-3.4,6-5.8,8.1-12.3c-5.4,3.2-11.4,5.5-17.6,6.7 c-10.5-11.2-28.1-11.7-39.2-1.2c-7.2,6.8-10.2,16.9-8,26.5c-22.3-1.1-43.1-11.7-57.2-29C58,91.6,61.8,107.9,74,116 c-4.4-0.1-8.7-1.3-12.6-3.4c0,0.1,0,0.2,0,0.4c0,13.2,9.3,24.6,22.3,27.2c-4.1,1.1-8.4,1.3-12.5,0.5c3.6,11.3,14,19,25.9,19.3 c-11.6,9.1-26.4,13.2-41.1,11.5c12.7,8.1,27.4,12.5,42.5,12.5c51,0,78.9-42.2,78.9-78.9c0-1.2,0-2.4-0.1-3.6 C182.7,97.4,189.2,93.7,192.9,88.1z"></path>
</g>
</g>
<circle class="st30" cx="124.4" cy="128.8" r="108.2"></circle>
</g>
</svg></a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
<style type="text/css">
.st10 {
fill: #FFFFFF;
}
.st110 {
fill: none;
stroke: #FFFFFF;
stroke-width: 8;
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
}
</style>
<title>Facebook</title>
<g>
<g>
<path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9 v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path>
</g>
</g>
<circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle>
</svg>
</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
<title>Youtube</title>
<style type="text/css">
.st4 {
fill: none;
stroke: #FFFFFF;
stroke-width: 8;
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
}
.st5 {
fill: #FFFFFF;
}
</style>
<circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle>
<g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)">
<path class="st5" d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7 v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path>
</g>
</svg></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br />
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg">
<nav class="bottom-links">
<ul class="mt-3">
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentOmnitureBaseJS/InstrumentNCBIConfigJS/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js?v=1"> </script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/static/js/hfjs2.js"> </script>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--/.page-->
</div>
<!--/.wrap-->
</div><!-- /.twelve_col -->
</div>
<!-- /.grid -->
<span class="PAFAppResources"></span>
<!-- BESelector tab -->
<noscript><img alt="statistics" src="/stat?jsdisabled=true&amp;ncbi_db=books&amp;ncbi_pdid=book-part&amp;ncbi_acc=NBK543113&amp;ncbi_domain=gene&amp;ncbi_report=record&amp;ncbi_type=fulltext&amp;ncbi_objectid=&amp;ncbi_pcid=/NBK543113/&amp;ncbi_pagename=Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Associated with Founder Variants Common in the Navajo Population - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf&amp;ncbi_bookparttype=appendix&amp;ncbi_app=bookshelf" /></noscript>
<!-- usually for JS scripts at page bottom -->
<!--<component id="PageFixtures" label="styles"></component>-->
<!-- CE8BC1E97D9F05E1_0182SID /projects/books/PBooks@9.11 portal105 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8BC1E97D9F05E1_0182SID"></span>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/js/3879255/4121861/3501987/4008961/3893018/3821238/4062932/4209313/4212053/4076480/3921943/3400083/3426610.js" snapshot="books"></script></body>
</html>