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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE,NOIMAGEINDEX" /><meta name="author" content="National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (UK)" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Atrial Fibrillation" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="Royal College of Physicians (UK)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2006" /><meta name="citation_author" content="National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (UK)" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="21328802" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK51113/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Atrial Fibrillation" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="Royal College of Physicians (UK)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (UK)" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2006" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK51113/" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /><meta name="description" content="The guideline covers aspects of diagnosis and the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a number of different circumstances. It covers paroxysmal, persistent and permanent AF, considers AF developing after surgical procedures, and offers advice on haemodynamically unstable AF. Many of the recommendations relate to control of AF and the important decision of whether to attempt to restore sinus rhythm or concentrate on control of the heart rate. In a linked set of recommendations, the importance of considering anticoagulation in all these patients is emphasised. This is sometimes neglected in clinical practice, but anticoagulation is of enormous potential benefit because of its role in stroke prevention, and one of the key recommendations in the guideline is that the risk of thromboembolism should be formally assessed. A simple clinical model that includes advice on appropriate prophylaxis is suggested for this purpose. Other key recommendations cover the use of the electrocardiogram in diagnosis, and the preference in most patients for beta-blockers or rate-limiting calcium antagonists over digoxin for rate control." /><meta name="og:title" content="Atrial Fibrillation" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="The guideline covers aspects of diagnosis and the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a number of different circumstances. It covers paroxysmal, persistent and permanent AF, considers AF developing after surgical procedures, and offers advice on haemodynamically unstable AF. Many of the recommendations relate to control of AF and the important decision of whether to attempt to restore sinus rhythm or concentrate on control of the heart rate. In a linked set of recommendations, the importance of considering anticoagulation in all these patients is emphasised. This is sometimes neglected in clinical practice, but anticoagulation is of enormous potential benefit because of its role in stroke prevention, and one of the key recommendations in the guideline is that the risk of thromboembolism should be formally assessed. A simple clinical model that includes advice on appropriate prophylaxis is suggested for this purpose. Other key recommendations cover the use of the electrocardiogram in diagnosis, and the preference in most patients for beta-blockers or rate-limiting calcium antagonists over digoxin for rate control." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK51113/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-nicecg36-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="warning" content="This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date." /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/nicecg36/toc/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK571337/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script>
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p></div><div class="bk_msg_box bk_bttm_mrgn clearfix bk_noprnt"><div class="iconblock clearfix"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/niceng196guid/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng196guid-lrg.png" alt="Cover" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><ul class="messages"><li class="info icon"><span class="icon"><a href="/books/n/niceng196guid/">A new version of this title is available</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="messagearea bk_noprnt" style="margin-bottom:1.3846em "><ul class="messages"><li class="warn icon"><span class="icon">This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.</span></li></ul></div><div class="bk_prnt"><p style="color:red;"><strong>This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.</strong></p></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/Pages/index.aspx" title="Royal College of Physicians (UK)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-nicecg36-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Atrial Fibrillation" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK51113_"><span itemprop="name">Atrial Fibrillation</span></h1><div class="subtitle">National Clinical Guideline for Management in Primary and Secondary Care</div><p><i>NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 36</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/Pages/index.aspx" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">Royal College of Physicians (UK)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2006</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-10: <span itemprop="isbn">1-86016-282-7</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © 2006, Royal College of Physicians of London.</div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div itemprop="description"><h2>Excerpt</h2><p>The guideline covers aspects of diagnosis and the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a number of different circumstances. It covers paroxysmal, persistent and permanent AF, considers AF developing after surgical procedures, and offers advice on haemodynamically unstable AF. Many of the recommendations relate to control of AF and the important decision of whether to attempt to restore sinus rhythm or concentrate on control of the heart rate. In a linked set of recommendations, the importance of considering anticoagulation in all these patients is emphasised. This is sometimes neglected in clinical practice, but anticoagulation is of enormous potential benefit because of its role in stroke prevention, and one of the key recommendations in the guideline is that the risk of thromboembolism should be formally assessed. A simple clinical model that includes advice on appropriate prophylaxis is suggested for this purpose. Other key recommendations cover the use of the electrocardiogram in diagnosis, and the preference in most patients for beta-blockers or rate-limiting calcium antagonists over digoxin for rate control.</p></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul id="toc_tllNBK51113_nicecg36_membersguideline" class="simple-list toc toc-toggle"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_membersguideline"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.membersguideline/" class="toc-item">Members of the Guideline Development Group</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_preface"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.preface/" class="toc-item">Preface</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_abbreviations"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/abbreviations/" class="toc-item">Abbreviations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_development"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/development/" class="toc-item">Development of the Guideline</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch1/" class="toc-item">1. Introduction</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch1_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch1_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch1/#ch1.s1" class="toc-item">1.1 Definition</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch1_s2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch1/#ch1.s2" class="toc-item">1.2 Classification</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch1_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch1/#ch1.s3" class="toc-item">1.3 Epidemiology</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch1_s6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch1/#ch1.s6" class="toc-item">1.4 Prognosis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch1_s7"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch1/#ch1.s7" class="toc-item">1.5 Guideline structure</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch1_s8"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch1/#ch1.s8" class="toc-item">1.6 How to use this guideline</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch2/" class="toc-item">2. Methodology</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch2_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch2_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch2/#ch2.s1" class="toc-item">2.1 About the guideline</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch2_s7"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch2/#ch2.s7" class="toc-item">2.2 Guideline development</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch2_s24"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch2/#ch2.s24" class="toc-item">2.3 Disclaimer</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch2_s25"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch2/#ch2.s25" class="toc-item">2.4 Funding</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch3/" class="toc-item">3. Key messages of the guideline</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch3_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch3_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch3/#ch3.s1" class="toc-item">3.1 Priorities for implementation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch3_s2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch3/#ch3.s2" class="toc-item">3.2 AF care pathway</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch3_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch3/#ch3.s3" class="toc-item">3.3 Treatment strategy decision tree</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch3_s4"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch3/#ch3.s4" class="toc-item">3.4 Audit criteria</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch3_s5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch3/#ch3.s5" class="toc-item">3.5 Areas for future research</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_guideline"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/guideline/" class="toc-item">The Guideline</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch4" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch4"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch4/" class="toc-item">4. Identification and diagnosis</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch4_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch4_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch4/#ch4.s1" class="toc-item">4.1 Presenting symptoms/pulse palpitation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch4_s6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch4/#ch4.s6" class="toc-item">4.2 Electrocardiography</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch4_s11"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch4/#ch4.s11" class="toc-item">4.3 Ambulatory ECG recording</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch4_s16"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch4/#ch4.s16" class="toc-item">4.4 Echocardiography</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch5/" class="toc-item">5. Cardioversion</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch5_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch5_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch5/#ch5.s1" class="toc-item">5.1 Electrical versus pharmacological cardioversion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch5_s6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch5/#ch5.s6" class="toc-item">5.2 Pharmacological cardioversion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch5_s16"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch5/#ch5.s16" class="toc-item">5.3 Electrical cardioversion with concomitant antiarrhythmic drugs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch5_s24"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch5/#ch5.s24" class="toc-item">5.4 Transoesophageal echocardiography-guided cardioversion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch5_s29"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch5/#ch5.s29" class="toc-item">5.5 Cardioversion treatment algorithm</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch6/" class="toc-item">6. Treatment for persistent AF</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch6_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch6_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch6/#ch6.s1" class="toc-item">6.1 Rate control versus rhythm control</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch6_s6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch6/#ch6.s6" class="toc-item">6.2 Rhythm control for persistent AF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch6_s16"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch6/#ch6.s16" class="toc-item">6.3 Antithrombotic therapy for persistent AF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch6_s21"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch6/#ch6.s21" class="toc-item">6.4 Rhythm-control treatment algorithm for persistent AF</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch7"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch7/" class="toc-item">7. Treatment for permanent AF</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch7_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch7_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch7/#ch7.s1" class="toc-item">7.1 Rate control for permanent AF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch7_s11"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch7/#ch7.s11" class="toc-item">7.2 Antithrombotic therapy for permanent AF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch7_s23"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch7/#ch7.s23" class="toc-item">7.3 Rate-control treatment algorithm for permanent AF</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch8"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch8/" class="toc-item">8. Treatment for paroxysmal AF</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch8_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch8_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch8/#ch8.s1" class="toc-item">8.1 Rhythm control for paroxysmal AF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch8_s10"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch8/#ch8.s10" class="toc-item">8.2 Treatment strategy for paroxysmal AF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch8_s15"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch8/#ch8.s15" class="toc-item">8.3 Antithrombotic therapy for paroxysmal AF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch8_s20"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch8/#ch8.s20" class="toc-item">8.4 Rhythm-control treatment algorithm for paroxysmal AF</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch9"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch9/" class="toc-item">9. Treatment for acute-onset AF</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch9_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch9_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch9/#ch9.s1" class="toc-item">9.1 Acute AF in haemodynamically unstable patients</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch9_s6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch9/#ch9.s6" class="toc-item">9.2 Antithrombotic therapy for acute-onset AF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch9_s10"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch9/#ch9.s10" class="toc-item">9.3 Haemodynamically unstable AF treatment algorithm</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch10"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch10/" class="toc-item">10. Postoperative AF</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch10_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch10_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch10/#ch10.s1" class="toc-item">10.1 Drug prophylaxis for postoperative AF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch10_s21"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch10/#ch10.s21" class="toc-item">10.2 Treatment for postoperative AF</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch11"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch11/" class="toc-item">11. Antithrombotic therapy</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch11_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch11_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch11/#ch11.s1" class="toc-item">11.1 Initiating antithrombotic therapy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch11_s5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch11/#ch11.s5" class="toc-item">11.2 Antithrombotic therapy in acute stroke patients</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch11_s10"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch11/#ch11.s10" class="toc-item">11.3 Antithrombotic therapy following a stroke or TIA</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch11_s15"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch11/#ch11.s15" class="toc-item">11.4 Antithrombotic therapy for asymptomatic AF</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch11_s19"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch11/#ch11.s19" class="toc-item">11.5 Risks of long-term anticoagulation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch11_s26"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch11/#ch11.s26" class="toc-item">11.6 Risk factors for stroke and thromboembolism</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch11_s33"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch11/#ch11.s33" class="toc-item">11.7 Stroke risk stratification algorithm</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch11_s34"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch11/#ch11.s34" class="toc-item">11.8 The cost effectiveness of oral anticoagulation as thromboprophylaxis</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch12"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch12/" class="toc-item">12. Monitoring and referral</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_ch12_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch12_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch12/#ch12.s1" class="toc-item">12.1 Anticoagulation self-monitoring</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch12_s6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch12/#ch12.s6" class="toc-item">12.2 Follow-up post cardioversion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_ch12_s11"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/ch12/#ch12.s11" class="toc-item">12.3 Referral</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_appendixes_appgroup1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/appendixes.appgroup1/" class="toc-item">Appendices</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_appendixes_app1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_appendixes_app1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/appendixes.app1/" class="toc-item">Appendix A Health economics modelling</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_appendixes_app2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/appendixes.app2/" class="toc-item">Appendix B Stroke risk stratification models</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_appendixes_app3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/appendixes.app3/" class="toc-item">Appendix C Clinical questions and search strategies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_appendixes_app4"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/appendixes.app4/" class="toc-item">Appendix D Drug classification and licensing</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_glossary"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/glossary/" class="toc-item">Appendix E Glossary of terms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_appendixes_app6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/appendixes.app6/" class="toc-item">Appendix F Stakeholders</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_appendixes_app7"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/appendixes.app7/" class="toc-item">Appendix G Scope</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_references_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/references.rl1/" class="toc-item">References</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_appendixes_appgroup2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/appendixes.appgroup2/" class="toc-item">Evidence Tables</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK51113_nicecg36_sec4evidencetables" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_sec4evidencetables"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.sec4evidencetables/" class="toc-item">Section 4 Evidence Tables</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_sec5evidencetables"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.sec5evidencetables/" class="toc-item">Section 5 Evidence Tables</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_sec6evidencetables"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.sec6evidencetables/" class="toc-item">Section 6 Evidence Tables</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_sec7evidencetables"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.sec7evidencetables/" class="toc-item">Section 7 Evidence Tables</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_sec8evidencetables"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.sec8evidencetables/" class="toc-item">Section 8 Evidence Tables</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_sec9evidencetables"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.sec9evidencetables/" class="toc-item">Section 9 Evidence Tables</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_sec10evidencetables"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.sec10evidencetables/" class="toc-item">Section 10 Evidence Tables</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_sec11evidencetables"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.sec11evidencetables/" class="toc-item">Section 11 Evidence Tables</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK51113_nicecg36_sec12evidencetables"><a href="/books/n/nicecg36/nicecg36.sec12evidencetables/" class="toc-item">Section 12 Evidence Tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div><p><b>Acknowledgements</b>: The Guideline Development Group would like to thank the following people for their valuable input during the development of this guideline: Mr Steven Barnes, Mrs Susan Clifford, Mr Rob Grant, Dr Bernard Higgins, Ms Jane Ingham, Ms Ester Klaeijsen, Dr Ian Lockhart, Ms Louise Martin, Ms Jill Parnham.</p><p><b>Mission statement</b>: The Royal College of Physicians plays a leading role in the delivery of high quality patient care by setting standards of medical practice and promoting clinical excellence. We provide physicians in the United Kingdom and overseas with education, training and support throughout their careers. As an independent body representing over 20,000 Fellows and Members worldwide, we advise and work with government, the public, patients and other professions to improve health and healthcare.</p><p><b>The National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions</b>: The National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (NCC-CC) is a collaborative, multi-professional centre undertaking commissions to develop clinical guidance for the NHS in England and Wales. The NCC-CC was established in 2001. It is an independent body, housed within Clinical Standards Department at the Royal College of Physicians of London. The NCC-CC is funded by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to undertake commissions for national clinical guidelines on an annual rolling programme.</p></div><div><h4 class="inline">Suggested citation:</h4><p>National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions. <i>Atrial fibrillation: national clinical guideline for management in primary and secondary care</i>. London: Royal College of Physicians, 2006.</p></div></div></div>
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