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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Papaya - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Papaya">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2025/01/15">
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<meta name="description" content='Papaya (Carica papaya) fruit contains the proteolytic enzymes papain and chymopapain before ripening, but they are not present in the ripe fruit. Cooked, unripe papaya fruit has been used orally in India, Melanesia and Angola, and papaya leaves have been used in Indonesia as galactogogues, possibly by increasing prolactin.[1-6] No scientifically valid clinical trials support the use of papaya fruit or leaves as a galactogogue. Galactogogues should never replace evaluation and counseling on modifiable factors that affect milk production.[7,8] No data exist on the excretion of any components of papaya into breastmilk or on the safety and efficacy of papaya in nursing mothers or infants. Papaya fruit is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as a food by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Papaya also contains carotenoids and can improve beta-carotene and vitamin A status in nursing mothers.[9] Allergic reactions to papaya, such as asthma and skin rashes are not uncommon and cross-reactions with other substances such as latex and kiwi have occurred. Those with allergies to papaya or cross reacting substances should avoid papaya.'>
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<meta name="og:description" content='Papaya (Carica papaya) fruit contains the proteolytic enzymes papain and chymopapain before ripening, but they are not present in the ripe fruit. Cooked, unripe papaya fruit has been used orally in India, Melanesia and Angola, and papaya leaves have been used in Indonesia as galactogogues, possibly by increasing prolactin.[1-6] No scientifically valid clinical trials support the use of papaya fruit or leaves as a galactogogue. Galactogogues should never replace evaluation and counseling on modifiable factors that affect milk production.[7,8] No data exist on the excretion of any components of papaya into breastmilk or on the safety and efficacy of papaya in nursing mothers or infants. Papaya fruit is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as a food by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Papaya also contains carotenoids and can improve beta-carotene and vitamin A status in nursing mothers.[9] Allergic reactions to papaya, such as asthma and skin rashes are not uncommon and cross-reactions with other substances such as latex and kiwi have occurred. Those with allergies to papaya or cross reacting substances should avoid papaya.'>
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class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK501881_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Papaya</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK501881_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p><p><em>Estimated reading time: 3 minutes</em></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="LM962.Drug_Levels_and_Effects"><h2 id="_LM962_Drug_Levels_and_Effects_">Drug Levels and Effects</h2><div id="LM962.Summary_of_Use_during_Lactation"><h3>Summary of Use during Lactation</h3><p>Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i>) fruit contains the proteolytic enzymes papain and chymopapain before ripening, but they are not present in the ripe fruit. Cooked, unripe papaya fruit has been used orally in India, Melanesia and Angola, and papaya leaves have been used in Indonesia as galactogogues, possibly by increasing prolactin.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM962.REF.1" rid="LM962.REF.1">1</a>-<a class="bibr" href="#LM962.REF.6" rid="LM962.REF.6">6</a>] No scientifically valid clinical trials support the use of papaya fruit or leaves as a galactogogue. Galactogogues should never replace evaluation and counseling on modifiable factors that affect milk production.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM962.REF.7" rid="LM962.REF.7">7</a>,<a class="bibr" href="#LM962.REF.8" rid="LM962.REF.8">8</a>] No data exist on the excretion of any components of papaya into breastmilk or on the safety and efficacy of papaya in nursing mothers or infants. Papaya fruit is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as a food by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Papaya also contains carotenoids and can improve beta-carotene and vitamin A status in nursing mothers.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM962.REF.9" rid="LM962.REF.9">9</a>] Allergic reactions to papaya, such as asthma and skin rashes are not uncommon and cross-reactions with other substances such as latex and kiwi have occurred. Those with allergies to papaya or cross reacting substances should avoid papaya.</p></div><div id="LM962.Drug_Levels"><h3>Drug Levels</h3><p><i>Maternal Levels.</i> Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p><p><i>Infant Levels.</i> Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM962.Effects_in_Breastfed_Infants"><h3>Effects in Breastfed Infants</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM962.Effects_on_Lactation_and_Breastmil"><h3>Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk</h3><p>A small study compared papaya leaf extract in various doses to placebo in nursing mothers. It found that a dose of 800 mg daily was more effective than a dose of 600 mg daily or a placebo in raising serum prolactin levels after 8 days of treatment.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM962.REF.10" rid="LM962.REF.10">10</a>]</p><p>A randomized, but not placebo-controlled trial gave postpartum mothers (n = 30) a mixture containing <i>Sauropus androgynus</i> extract<i>,</i> papaya leaves, mung beans, tamarind and sugar. One bottle of 400 mL of the mixture was taken daily for 4 weeks postpartum. A control group (n = 30) received breastfeeding counseling only. The amount of breastmilk produced was estimated weekly for 4 weeks by weighing mothers before and after feeding, although it is unclear how this was done and by whom. Daily milk production in the third week (801 vs 656 mL) and fourth week postpartum (909 vs 757 mL) was greater in the women who consumed the galactogogue mixture.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM962.REF.11" rid="LM962.REF.11">11</a>]</p><p>A nonblinded study in Indonesia randomized postpartum women with perceived low milk supply to either an herbal decoction containing 25 grams <i>Sauropus androgynus</i> (katuk) leaves, 10 grams <i>Coleus amboinicus</i> (torbangun) leaves and 5 grams papaya leaves (n = 60) or to 500 mg <i>Sauropus androgynus</i> extract (CV Al-Ghuroba, Indonesia; n = 60). Patients were to take the product and weigh their infant twice daily for 28 days. Maternal serum prolactin was measured on day 14 and 28. Breast milk volume and infant’s weight increased on days 14 and 28, and serum prolactin levels decreased in both groups; however, the changes were not statistically significant. Mean infant weights increased, with no difference between the two treatments. Two mothers in the combination group and 3 in the extract group had increases in aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM962.REF.12" rid="LM962.REF.12">12</a>]</p></div><div id="LM962.References"><h3>References</h3><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.1">Sayed
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NZ, Deo
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R, Mukundan
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U. Herbal remedies used by Warlis of Dahanu to induce lactation in nursing mothers.
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Indian J Tradit Knowl
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2007;6:602-5. <a href="https://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/1009" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://nopr<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.niscpr.res<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.in/handle/123456789/1009</a></div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.2">Bourdy
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G, Walter
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A. Maternity and medicinal plants in Vanuatu. I. The cycle of reproduction.
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J Ethnopharmacol
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1992;37:179-96.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1453707" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 1453707</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.3">Rasiya Beegam
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A, Nayar
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TS. Plants used for natal healthcare in folk medicine of Kerala, India.
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Indian J Tradit Knowl
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2011;10:523-7.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.4">Jendras
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G, Monizi
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M, Neinhuis
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C, et al.
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Plants, food and treatments used by BaKongo tribes in Uíge (northern Angola) to affect the quality and quantity of human breast milk.
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Int Breastfeed J
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2020;15:88.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7583195/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC7583195</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33097071" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33097071</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.5">Sayuti
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NA, Atikah
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N. The pattern of herbal medicines use for breastfeeding mother in Jogonalan, Klaten, Indonesia: A mini survey.
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BMC Complement Med Ther
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2023;23:399.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10629069/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC10629069</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37936188" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 37936188</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.6">Herawati
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Y, Kalsum
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U, Arsana
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IW, et al.
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Molecular docking analysis of <em>Carica papaya</em> leaf's bioactive components as prolactin production modulator.
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J Appl Biol Biotechnol
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2024;12:117-27. doi:10.7324/jabb.2024.155147 [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.7324/jabb.2024.155147" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.7">Brodribb W. ABM Clinical Protocol #9: Use of galactogogues in initiating or augmenting maternal milk production, second revision 2018.
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Breastfeed Med
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2018;13:307-14.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29902083" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29902083</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.8">Breastfeeding challenges: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 820.
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Obstet Gynecol
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2021;137:e42-e53.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33481531" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33481531</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.9">Ncube
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TN, Greiner
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T, Malaba
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LC, et al.
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Supplementing lactating women with pureed papaya and grated carrots improved vitamin A status in a placebo-controlled trial.
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J Nutr
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2001;131:1497-502.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11340106" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 11340106</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.10">Pratiwi
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TE, Suwondo
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A. Exclusive breastfeeding improvement program using <em>Carica papaya</em> leaf extract on the levels of prolactin hormones.
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International Journal of Science and Research
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(IJSR)
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2018;7:548-51.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.11">Ngadiarti
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I, Agestika
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L, Srimiati
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M, et al.
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<em>Sauropus androgynus,</em> papaya leaves, and mung beans as mixed galactagogue drink for urban postpartum mothers.
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Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan
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2021;16:101-8. doi:10.25182/jgp.2021.16.2.101-108 [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.25182/jgp.2021.16.2.101-108" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM962.REF.12">Zulkarnain
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Z, Fitriani
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U, Ardiyanto
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D, et al.
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Galactagogue activity of poly-herbal decoction from Indonesia: A randomized open label controlled trial.
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J Complement Integr Med
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2024;21:532-9.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38644615" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 38644615</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div></div><div id="LM962.Substance_Identification"><h2 id="_LM962_Substance_Identification_">Substance Identification</h2><div id="LM962.Substance_Name"><h3>Substance Name</h3><p>Papaya</p></div><div id="LM962.Scientific_Name"><h3>Scientific Name</h3><p>Carica papaya</p></div><div id="LM962.Drug_Class"><h3>Drug Class</h3><p>Breast Feeding</p><p>Lactation</p><p>Milk, Human</p><p>Complementary Therapies</p><p>Food</p><p>Phytotherapy</p><p>Plants, Medicinal</p></div></div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_top_margin"><p><b>Disclaimer: </b>Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information on this Site.</p></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK501881_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Revision: <span itemprop="dateModified">January 15, 2025</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a><p class="small"><b>Attribution Statement:</b> LactMed is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</p></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006-. Papaya. [Updated 2025 Jan 15].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM409/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/parathyroid_hormone/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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