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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Parsley - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]">
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Parsley">
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<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Child Health and Human Development">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2024/08/15">
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<meta name="citation_pmid" content="30000940">
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<meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501880/">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Petroselinum crispum">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Apium petroselinum">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Apium crispum">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Carum petroselinum">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Petroselinum hortense">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Petroselinum sativum">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Petroselinum vulgare">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Graine de Persil">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Hamburg Parsley">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Huile de Persil">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Parsley Fruit">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Parsley Oil">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Parsley Root">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Parsley Seed">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Perejil">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Persely">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Persil">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Persil Cultivé">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Persil Frisé">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Persil de Naples">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Persil Odorant">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Persil Plat">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Persin">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Petersylinge">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Petroselini Fructus">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Petroselini Herba">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Petrosilini Radix">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Prajmoda">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Racine de Persil">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Rock Parsley">
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<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/">
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Parsley">
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<meta name="DC.Type" content="Text">
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<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Child Health and Human Development">
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<meta name="DC.Date" content="2024/08/15">
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<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501880/">
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<meta name="description" content='Parsley (Carum petroselinum) leaf, seed, and root contain the volatile oils apiol and myristicin, which is pharmacologically active, as well as flavonoids, beta-phellandrene, bergapten, and vitamins A and C. Warm compresses or poultices of parsley have been used to treat breast engorgement and mastalgia.[1,2] Oral capsules containing sage and parsley capsules are said to decrease milk flow; however, no scientifically valid clinical trials support this use. Some mothers in Türkiye reportedly use parsley to increase their milk supply.[3] Galactogogues should never replace evaluation and counseling on modifiable factors that affect milk production.[4,5] No data exist on the excretion of any components of parsley into breastmilk or on the safety and efficacy of parsley nursing mothers or infants. Parsley is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as a food by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Adverse reactions are primarily allergic, including cross reactions to other members of the Apiaceae family, such as carrot, celery, and fennel. The essential oil should not be used because of potential toxicity of its apiol and myristicin content.'>
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<meta name="og:title" content="Parsley">
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<meta name="og:type" content="book">
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<meta name="og:description" content='Parsley (Carum petroselinum) leaf, seed, and root contain the volatile oils apiol and myristicin, which is pharmacologically active, as well as flavonoids, beta-phellandrene, bergapten, and vitamins A and C. Warm compresses or poultices of parsley have been used to treat breast engorgement and mastalgia.[1,2] Oral capsules containing sage and parsley capsules are said to decrease milk flow; however, no scientifically valid clinical trials support this use. Some mothers in Türkiye reportedly use parsley to increase their milk supply.[3] Galactogogues should never replace evaluation and counseling on modifiable factors that affect milk production.[4,5] No data exist on the excretion of any components of parsley into breastmilk or on the safety and efficacy of parsley nursing mothers or infants. Parsley is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as a food by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Adverse reactions are primarily allergic, including cross reactions to other members of the Apiaceae family, such as carrot, celery, and fennel. The essential oil should not be used because of potential toxicity of its apiol and myristicin content.'>
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class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK501880_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Parsley</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK501880_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p><p><em>Estimated reading time: 2 minutes</em></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="LM961.Drug_Levels_and_Effects"><h2 id="_LM961_Drug_Levels_and_Effects_">Drug Levels and Effects</h2><div id="LM961.Summary_of_Use_during_Lactation"><h3>Summary of Use during Lactation</h3><p>Parsley (<i>Carum petroselinum</i>) leaf, seed, and root contain the volatile oils apiol and myristicin, which is pharmacologically active, as well as flavonoids, beta-phellandrene, bergapten, and vitamins A and C. Warm compresses or poultices of parsley have been used to treat breast engorgement and mastalgia.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM961.REF.1" rid="LM961.REF.1">1</a>,<a class="bibr" href="#LM961.REF.2" rid="LM961.REF.2">2</a>] Oral capsules containing sage and parsley capsules are said to decrease milk flow; however, no scientifically valid clinical trials support this use. Some mothers in Türkiye reportedly use parsley to increase their milk supply.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM961.REF.3" rid="LM961.REF.3">3</a>] Galactogogues should never replace evaluation and counseling on modifiable factors that affect milk production.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM961.REF.4" rid="LM961.REF.4">4</a>,<a class="bibr" href="#LM961.REF.5" rid="LM961.REF.5">5</a>] No data exist on the excretion of any components of parsley into breastmilk or on the safety and efficacy of parsley nursing mothers or infants. Parsley is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as a food by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Adverse reactions are primarily allergic, including cross reactions to other members of the Apiaceae family, such as carrot, celery, and fennel. The essential oil should not be used because of potential toxicity of its apiol and myristicin content.</p><p>Dietary supplements do not require extensive pre-marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Manufacturers are responsible to ensure the safety, but do not need to <i>prove</i> the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements before they are marketed. Dietary supplements may contain multiple ingredients, and differences are often found between labeled and actual ingredients or their amounts. A manufacturer may contract with an independent organization to verify the quality of a product or its ingredients, but that does <i>not</i> certify the safety or effectiveness of a product. Because of the above issues, clinical testing results on one product may not be applicable to other products. More detailed information <a href="/books/n/lactmed/LactMedDietarySupps/?report=reader">about dietary supplements</a> is available elsewhere on the LactMed Web site.</p></div><div id="LM961.Drug_Levels"><h3>Drug Levels</h3><p><i>Maternal Levels.</i> Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p><p><i>Infant Levels.</i> Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM961.Effects_in_Breastfed_Infants"><h3>Effects in Breastfed Infants</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM961.Effects_on_Lactation_and_Breastmil"><h3>Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk</h3><p>Oral capsules containing sage and parsley capsules are said to decrease milk flow;[<a class="bibr" href="#LM961.REF.6" rid="LM961.REF.6">6</a>-<a class="bibr" href="#LM961.REF.8" rid="LM961.REF.8">8</a>] however, no scientifically valid clinical trials support this use.</p><p>One hundred fifty-eight mothers in Iran of who reported difficulty in breastfeeding were given either a proprietary mixture of herbs (Shirafza Drop) or a chlorophyll solution as a placebo. The herbal mixture contained the purported galactogogues fennel, anise, cumin, black seed, and parsley. Infant ages ranged between 0 and 6 months and they were exclusively breastfed. Weight gain of the infants was measured over time. No difference in infant weight gain was seen between the two groups of infants.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM961.REF.9" rid="LM961.REF.9">9</a>] Blinding and randomization in this study is unclear.</p></div><div id="LM961.References"><h3>References</h3><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM961.REF.1">Stapleton
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H.
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The use of herbal medicine in pregnancy and labour. Part II: Events after birth, including those affecting the health of babies.
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Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery
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1995;1:165-7.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9456733" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9456733</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM961.REF.2">Yarnell
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E.
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Botanical medicine in pregnancy and lactation.
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Altern Complement Ther
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1997;3 (April):93-100. doi:10.1089/act.1997.3.93 [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1089/act.1997.3.93" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM961.REF.3">Kaygusuz
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M, Gümüştakım
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RŞ, Kuş
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C, et al.
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TCM use in pregnant women and nursing mothers: A study from Turkey.
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Complement Ther Clin Pract
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2021;42:101300.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33412511" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33412511</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM961.REF.4">Brodribb W. ABM Clinical Protocol #9: Use of galactogogues in initiating or augmenting maternal milk production, second revision 2018.
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Breastfeed Med
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2018;13:307-14.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29902083" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 29902083</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM961.REF.5">Breastfeeding challenges: ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 820.
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Obstet Gynecol
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2021;137:e42-e53.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33481531" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33481531</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM961.REF.6">Petrie
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KA, Peck
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MR. Alternative medicine in maternity care.
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Prim Care
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2000;27:117-36.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10739460" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10739460</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM961.REF.7">Larimore
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WL, Petrie
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KA. Drug use during pregnancy and lactation.
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Prim Care
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2000;27:35-53.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10739456" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10739456</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM961.REF.8">Eglash
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A.
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Treatment of maternal hypergalactia.
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Breastfeed Med
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2014;9:423-5.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4216483/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC4216483</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25361472" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25361472</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM961.REF.9">Shariati M, Mamoori GA, Khadivzade T. The survey of effect of using "Shirafza Drop" by nursing mothers on weight gain (WG) of 0-6 months exclusively breastfed. Horizon Med Sci 2004;10:24-30. <a href="http://imtj.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.html" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://imtj<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-255-en<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>​.html</a></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div><div id="LM961.Substance_Identification"><h2 id="_LM961_Substance_Identification_">Substance Identification</h2><div id="LM961.Substance_Name"><h3>Substance Name</h3><p>Parsley</p></div><div id="LM961.Scientific_Name"><h3>Scientific Name</h3><p>Carum petroselinum</p></div><div id="LM961.Drug_Class"><h3>Drug Class</h3><p>Breast Feeding</p><p>Lactation</p><p>Milk, Human</p><p>Complementary Therapies</p><p>Phytotherapy</p><p>Plants, Medicinal</p></div></div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_top_margin"><p><b>Disclaimer: </b>Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information on this Site.</p></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK501880_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Revision: <span itemprop="dateModified">August 15, 2024</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a><p class="small"><b>Attribution Statement:</b> LactMed is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</p></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006-. Parsley. [Updated 2024 Aug 15].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM327/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM1476/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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