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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Nutmeg" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2024/11/15" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="30000898" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501838/" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="Myristica" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="Nutmeg" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="Nuces nucistae" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="Nutmeg extract" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="Nux moschata" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="FEMA No. 2792" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="EINECS 282-013-3" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="EC 282-013-3" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Nutmeg" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2024/11/15" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501838/" /><meta name="description" content="Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) seeds contain myristic acid, trymiristin, fatty acid glycerides and an essential oil, thought to be responsible for nutmeg intoxication, containing myristicin, elemicin, eugenol, safrole. Mace is a similar spice made from the dried covering of the nutmeg seed. Nutmeg has no specific lactation-related uses. No data exist on the safety and efficacy of nutmeg in nursing mothers or infants. Nutmeg, mace and their oils are "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as food ingredients by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. High doses (e.g., a spoonful) of nutmeg can cause intoxication that includes anticholinergic symptoms. Anticholinergics may reduce lactation.[1,2] In vitro studies found that nutmeg may have antiprogesterone activity,[3] which also theoretically could affect lactation. Nutmeg and mace in amounts higher than those found in foods as a flavoring should be avoided during breastfeeding." /><meta name="og:title" content="Nutmeg" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) seeds contain myristic acid, trymiristin, fatty acid glycerides and an essential oil, thought to be responsible for nutmeg intoxication, containing myristicin, elemicin, eugenol, safrole. Mace is a similar spice made from the dried covering of the nutmeg seed. Nutmeg has no specific lactation-related uses. No data exist on the safety and efficacy of nutmeg in nursing mothers or infants. Nutmeg, mace and their oils are "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as food ingredients by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. High doses (e.g., a spoonful) of nutmeg can cause intoxication that includes anticholinergic symptoms. Anticholinergics may reduce lactation.[1,2] In vitro studies found that nutmeg may have antiprogesterone activity,[3] which also theoretically could affect lactation. Nutmeg and mace in amounts higher than those found in foods as a flavoring should be avoided during breastfeeding." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501838/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-lactmed-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/lactmed/LM923/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501838/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script>
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006-. </p></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK501838_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Nutmeg</span></h1><p class="small">Last Revision: <span itemprop="dateModified">November 15, 2024</span>.</p><p><em>Estimated reading time: 2 minutes</em></p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><p>CASRN: 84082-68-8</p><div id="LM923.Drug_Levels_and_Effects"><h2 id="_LM923_Drug_Levels_and_Effects_">Drug Levels and Effects</h2><div id="LM923.Summary_of_Use_during_Lactation"><h3>Summary of Use during Lactation</h3><p>Nutmeg (<i>Myristica fragrans</i>) seeds contain myristic acid, trymiristin, fatty acid glycerides and an essential oil, thought to be responsible for nutmeg intoxication, containing myristicin, elemicin, eugenol, safrole. Mace is a similar spice made from the dried covering of the nutmeg seed. Nutmeg has no specific lactation-related uses. No data exist on the safety and efficacy of nutmeg in nursing mothers or infants. Nutmeg, mace and their oils are "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as food ingredients by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. High doses (e.g., a spoonful) of nutmeg can cause intoxication that includes anticholinergic symptoms. Anticholinergics may reduce lactation.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM923.REF.1">1</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM923.REF.2">2</a>] In vitro studies found that nutmeg may have antiprogesterone activity,[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM923.REF.3">3</a>] which also theoretically could affect lactation. Nutmeg and mace in amounts higher than those found in foods as a flavoring should be avoided during breastfeeding.</p><p>Dietary supplements do not require extensive pre-marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Manufacturers are responsible to ensure the safety, but do not need to <i>prove</i> the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements before they are marketed. Dietary supplements may contain multiple ingredients, and differences are often found between labeled and actual ingredients or their amounts. A manufacturer may contract with an independent organization to verify the quality of a product or its ingredients, but that does <i>not</i> certify the safety or effectiveness of a product. Because of the above issues, clinical testing results on one product may not be applicable to other products. More detailed information <a href="https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/help/LactMedDietarySupps.htm" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">about dietary supplements</a> is available elsewhere on the LactMed Web site.</p></div><div id="LM923.Drug_Levels"><h3>Drug Levels</h3><p><i>Maternal Levels.</i> Twenty nursing mothers who were nursing their infants with a mean of 25 weeks of age were served a standardized curry dish that contained an average of 1.1 mg of eugenol. Mothers donated one milk sample each before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 h after the eating the curry dish. Eugenol reached its maximum concentration in milk after 1 hour in two participants, after 2 hours in two participants, after 3 hours in three participants, after 4 hours in one participant after 5 hours in two participants, after 6 hours in three participants and after 8 hours in three participants. In seven participants, eugenol was not detected in milk. Peak milk eugenol concentrations ranged from 0.29 to 11.43 mcg/L. Eugenol concentrations averaged 200% higher after milk samples were treated with beta-glucuronidase, indicating transfer of conjugated eugenol into milk.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM923.REF.4">4</a>]</p><p><i>Infant Levels.</i> Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM923.Effects_in_Breastfed_Infants"><h3>Effects in Breastfed Infants</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM923.Effects_on_Lactation_and_Breastmil"><h3>Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM923.References"><h3>References</h3><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM923.REF.1">Bizzarro
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A, Iannucci
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F, Tolino
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A, et al.
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Inhibiting effect of atropine on prolactin blood levels after stimulation with TRH.
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Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
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1980;7:108-11.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6788407" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6788407</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM923.REF.2">Masala
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A, Alagna
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S, Devilla
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L, et al.
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Muscarinic receptor blockade by pirenzepine: Effect on prolactin secretion in man.
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J Endocrinol Invest
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1982;5:53-5.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6808052" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 6808052</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM923.REF.3">Zava
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DT, Dollbaum
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CM, Blen
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M. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices.
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Proc Soc Exp Biol Med
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1998;217:369-78.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9492350" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 9492350</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM923.REF.4">Debong
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MW, Homm
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I, Gigl
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M, et al.
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Curry-odorants and their metabolites transfer into human milk and urine.
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Mol Nutr Food Res
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2024;68:e2300831.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38602198" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 38602198</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div></div><div id="LM923.Substance_Identification"><h2 id="_LM923_Substance_Identification_">Substance Identification</h2><div id="LM923.Substance_Name"><h3>Substance Name</h3><p>Nutmeg</p></div><div id="LM923.Scientific_Name"><h3>Scientific Name</h3><p>Myristica fragrans; Myristica officinalis</p></div><div id="LM923.CAS_Registry_Number"><h3>CAS Registry Number</h3><p>84082-68-8</p></div><div id="LM923.Drug_Class"><h3>Drug Class</h3><p>Breast Feeding</p><p>Lactation</p><p>Milk, Human</p><p>Complementary Therapies</p><p>Phytotherapy</p><p>Plants, Medicinal</p></div></div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_top_margin"><p><b>Disclaimer: </b>Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information on this Site.</p></p></div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a><p class="small"><b>Attribution Statement:</b> LactMed is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</p></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK501838</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30000898" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">30000898</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/lactmed/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/lactmed/LM314/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/lactmed/LM374/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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