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Effects</h2><div id="LM690.Summary_of_Use_during_Lactation"><h3>Summary of Use during Lactation</h3><p>Information in this record refers to the use of technetium Tc 99m white blood cells as a diagnostic agent. After a dose of 185 MBq (5 mCi), breastfeeding should be withheld for 48 hours.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM690.REF.1" rid="LM690.REF.1">1</a>] The mother can nurse just before administration of the radiopharmaceutical. During the period of interruption, the breasts should be emptied regularly and completely. If the mother has expressed and saved milk prior to the examination, she can feed it to the infant during the period of nursing interruption.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM690.REF.2" rid="LM690.REF.2">2</a>-<a class="bibr" href="#LM690.REF.4" rid="LM690.REF.4">4</a>] The milk that is pumped by the mother during the time of breastfeeding interruption can either be discarded or stored refrigerated and given to the infant after 10 physical half-lives, or about 60 hours, have elapsed. Mothers need not refrain from close contact with their infants after usual clinical doses.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM690.REF.5" rid="LM690.REF.5">5</a>]</p><p>Mothers concerned about the level of radioactivity in their milk could ask to have it tested at a nuclear medicine facility at their hospital. When the radioactivity is at a safe level, she may resume breastfeeding. A method for measuring milk radioactivity and determining the time when a mother can safely resume breastfeeding has been published.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM690.REF.6" rid="LM690.REF.6">6</a>]</p><p>For nursing mothers who work with Tc 99m substances in their workplace, there is no need to take any precautions other than those appropriate for general radiation protection.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM690.REF.7" rid="LM690.REF.7">7</a>]</p></div><div id="LM690.Drug_Levels"><h3>Drug Levels</h3><p>Tc 99m is a gamma emitter with a principal photon energy of 140 keV and a physical half-life of 6.04 hours.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM690.REF.8" rid="LM690.REF.8">8</a>] The effective half-life of technetium Tc 99m white blood cells ranges from 3.2 to 3.8 hours.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM690.REF.6" rid="LM690.REF.6">6</a>]</p></div><div id="LM690.Effects_in_Breastfed_Infants"><h3>Effects in Breastfed Infants</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM690.Effects_on_Lactation_and_Breastmil"><h3>Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM690.References"><h3>References</h3><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM690.REF.1">Stabin MG. Doses from medical radiation sources. <a href="https://hps.org/hpspublications/articles/dosesfrommedicalradiation.html" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">https://hps<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;.org/hpspublications<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;/articles<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;/dosesfrommedicalradiation.html</a>. Accessed Nov 6, 2024.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM690.REF.2">Mountford
PJ, Coakley
AJ. A review of the secretion of radioactivity in human breast milk: Data, quantitative analysis and recommendations.
Nucl Med Commun
1989;10:15-27.
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2645546" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2645546</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM690.REF.3">Early PJ, Sodee DB. Principles and practice of nuclear medicine. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc; 1995:1380-1.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM690.REF.4">ARSAC notes for guidance: Good clinical practice in nuclear medicine. Notes for guidance on the clinical administration of radiopharmaceuticals and use of sealed radioactive sources. 2020. <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/arsac-notes-for-guidance" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;.gov.uk/government<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;/publications<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;/arsac-notes-for-guidance</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10732169" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10732169</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM690.REF.5">Mountford
PJ, O'Doherty
MJ. Exposure of critical groups to nuclear medicine patients.
Appl Radiat Isot
1999;50:89-111.
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10028630" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10028630</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM690.REF.6">Stabin
MG, Breitz
HB. Breast milk excretion of radiopharmaceuticals: Mechanisms, findings, and radiation dosimetry.
J Nucl Med
2000;41:863-73.
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10809203" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10809203</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM690.REF.7">Alm&#x000e9;n
A, Mattsson
S. Radiological protection of foetuses and breast-fed children of occupationally exposed women in nuclear medicine - Challenges for hospitals.
Phys Med
2017;43:172-7.
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28882410" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=entrez&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28882410</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM690.REF.8">Dilsizian V, Metter D, Palestro C, et al. Advisory Committee on Medical Uses of Isotopes (ACMUI) Sub-Committee on Nursing Mother Guidelines for the Medical Administration of Radioactive Material. Final report submitted: January 31, 2019. 2019. <a href="https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1903/ML19038A498.pdf" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;.nrc.gov/docs<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>&#8203;/ML1903/ML19038A498.pdf</a></div></dd></dl></dl></div></div><div id="LM690.Substance_Identification"><h2 id="_LM690_Substance_Identification_">Substance Identification</h2><div id="LM690.Substance_Name"><h3>Substance Name</h3><p>Technetium Tc 99m White Blood Cells</p></div><div id="LM690.Drug_Class"><h3>Drug Class</h3><p>Breast Feeding</p><p>Lactation</p><p>Milk, Human</p><p>Radiopharmaceuticals</p><p>Technetium Compounds</p><p>Diagnostic Agents</p></div></div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_top_margin"><p><b>Disclaimer: </b>Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information on this Site.</p></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK501584_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Revision: <span itemprop="dateModified">November 15, 2024</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a><p class="small"><b>Attribution Statement:</b> LactMed is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</p></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&amp;targetsite=external&amp;targetcat=link&amp;targettype=publisher">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed&#x000ae;) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006-. Technetium Tc 99m White Blood Cells. [Updated 2024 Nov 15].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM1143/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/teclistamab/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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