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A US Nuclear Regulatory Commission subcommittee has recommended that breastfeeding should be interrupted for 4 hours after administration of I-131 OIH, while others recommend no discontinuation with doses of 11.1 MBq (0.3 mCi) or less.[1,2] However, some experts recommend nursing the infant just before administration of the radiopharmaceutical and interrupting breastfeeding for 12 to 30 hours after the dose.[3-5] If the mother has expressed and saved milk prior to the examination, she can feed it to the infant during the period of nursing interruption.[3,6,7] Mothers concerned about the level of radioactivity in their milk could ask to have it tested at a nuclear medicine facility at their hospital. When the radioactivity is at a safe level, she may resume breastfeeding. 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A US Nuclear Regulatory Commission subcommittee has recommended that breastfeeding should be interrupted for 4 hours after administration of I-131 OIH, while others recommend no discontinuation with doses of 11.1 MBq (0.3 mCi) or less.[1,2] However, some experts recommend nursing the infant just before administration of the radiopharmaceutical and interrupting breastfeeding for 12 to 30 hours after the dose.[3-5] If the mother has expressed and saved milk prior to the examination, she can feed it to the infant during the period of nursing interruption.[3,6,7] Mothers concerned about the level of radioactivity in their milk could ask to have it tested at a nuclear medicine facility at their hospital. When the radioactivity is at a safe level, she may resume breastfeeding. A method for measuring milk radioactivity and determining the time when a mother can safely resume breastfeeding has been published.[8]" /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501564/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-lactmed-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/lactmed/LM671/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501564/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script>
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006-. </p></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK501564_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Iodohippurate Sodium I 131</span></h1><p class="small">Last Revision: <span itemprop="dateModified">November 15, 2024</span>.</p><p><em>Estimated reading time: 2 minutes</em></p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><p>CASRN: 881-17-4</p><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/135030460" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=135030460" alt="image 135030460 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a><div id="LM671.Drug_Levels_and_Effects"><h2 id="_LM671_Drug_Levels_and_Effects_">Drug Levels and Effects</h2><div id="LM671.Summary_of_Use_during_Lactation"><h3>Summary of Use during Lactation</h3><p>Information in this record refers to the use of iodohippurate sodium I 131 (ortho-iodohippurate sodium I 131; I-131 OIH) as a diagnostic agent. A US Nuclear Regulatory Commission subcommittee has recommended that breastfeeding should be interrupted for 4 hours after administration of I-131 OIH, while others recommend no discontinuation with doses of 11.1 MBq (0.3 mCi) or less.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.1">1</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.2">2</a>] However, some experts recommend nursing the infant just before administration of the radiopharmaceutical and interrupting breastfeeding for 12 to 30 hours after the dose.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.3">3</a>-<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.5">5</a>] If the mother has expressed and saved milk prior to the examination, she can feed it to the infant during the period of nursing interruption.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.3">3</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.6">6</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.7">7</a>] Mothers concerned about the level of radioactivity in their milk could ask to have it tested at a nuclear medicine facility at their hospital. When the radioactivity is at a safe level, she may resume breastfeeding. A method for measuring milk radioactivity and determining the time when a mother can safely resume breastfeeding has been published.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.8">8</a>]</p><p>Nursing mothers should not work with substances containing I 131 in their workplace.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.9">9</a>]</p></div><div id="LM671.Drug_Levels"><h3>Drug Levels</h3><p>I 131 is a beta and high-energy gamma emitter with a main gamma emission energy of 364 keV and a physical half-life of 8.04 days.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.1">1</a>] The effective half-life of I-131 OIH averages 4.5 to 6.3 hours (range 2.2 to 7.6 hours).[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.3">3</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.4">4</a>,<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.8">8</a>] About 2.4% of an administered dose is excreted into breastmilk.[<a class="bk_pop" href="#LM671.REF.4">4</a>]</p></div><div id="LM671.Effects_in_Breastfed_Infants"><h3>Effects in Breastfed Infants</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM671.Effects_on_Lactation_and_Breastmil"><h3>Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM671.References"><h3>References</h3><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM671.REF.1">Dilsizian V, Metter D, Palestro C, et al. Advisory Committee on Medical Uses of Isotopes (ACMUI) Sub-Committee on Nursing Mother Guidelines for the Medical Administration of Radioactive Material. Final report submitted: January 31, 2019. 2019. <a href="https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1903/ML19038A498.pdf" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.nrc.gov/docs<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/ML1903/ML19038A498.pdf</a></div></dd><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM671.REF.2">Stabin M. Doses from medical radiation sources. <a href="https://hps.org/hpspublications/articles/dosesfrommedicalradiation.html" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://hps<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.org/hpspublications<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/articles<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/dosesfrommedicalradiation.html</a>. Accessed Nov 6, 2024.</div></dd><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM671.REF.3">Mountford
|
||
P, Coakley
|
||
A.
|
||
A review of the secretion of radioactivity in human breast milk: Data, quantitative analysis and recommendations.
|
||
Nucl Med Commun
|
||
1989;10:15-27.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2645546" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 2645546</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM671.REF.4">Leide-Svegborn
|
||
S, Ahlgren
|
||
L, Johansson
|
||
L, et al.
|
||
Excretion of radionuclides in human breast milk after nuclear medicine examinations. Biokinetic and dosimetric data and recommendations on breastfeeding interruption.
|
||
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
|
||
2016;43:808-21.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26732471" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26732471</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM671.REF.5">Mattsson
|
||
S, Johansson
|
||
L, Leide Svegborn
|
||
S, et al.
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||
Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals: A compendium of current information related to frequently used substances. ICRP Publication 128. Annex D. Recommendations on breast-feeding interruptions.
|
||
Ann ICRP
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||
2015;44:7-321. doi:10.1177/0146645314558019
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26069086" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 26069086</span></a>] [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1177/0146645314558019" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM671.REF.6">Early P, Sodee D. Principles and practice of nuclear medicine. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc; 1995.</div></dd><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM671.REF.7">ARSAC notes for guidance: Good clinical practice in nuclear medicine. Notes for guidance on the clinical administration of radiopharmaceuticals and use of sealed radioactive sources. 2020. <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/arsac-notes-for-guidance" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>.gov.uk/government<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/publications<wbr style="display:inline-block"></wbr>/arsac-notes-for-guidance</a> [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10732169" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10732169</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM671.REF.8">Stabin
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||
M, Breitz
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||
H. Breast milk excretion of radiopharmaceuticals: Mechanisms, findings, and radiation dosimetry.
|
||
J Nucl Med
|
||
2000;41:863-73.
|
||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10809203" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10809203</span></a>]</div></dd><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM671.REF.9">Almén
|
||
A, Mattsson
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||
S. Radiological protection of foetuses and breast-fed children of occupationally exposed women in nuclear medicine - Challenges for hospitals.
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||
Phys Med
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||
2017;43:172-7.
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||
[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28882410" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 28882410</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></div></div><div id="LM671.Substance_Identification"><h2 id="_LM671_Substance_Identification_">Substance Identification</h2><div id="LM671.Substance_Name"><h3>Substance Name</h3><p>Iodohippurate Sodium I 131</p></div><div id="LM671.CAS_Registry_Number"><h3>CAS Registry Number</h3><p>881-17-4</p></div><div id="LM671.Drug_Class"><h3>Drug Class</h3><p>Breast Feeding</p><p>Lactation</p><p>Milk, Human</p><p>Radiopharmaceuticals</p><p>Iodine Radioisotopes</p><p>Diagnostic Agents</p></div></div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_top_margin"><p><b>Disclaimer: </b>Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information on this Site.</p></p></div></dd></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a><p class="small"><b>Attribution Statement:</b> LactMed is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</p></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK501564</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30000624" title="PubMed record of this page" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">30000624</a></span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/lactmed/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/lactmed/LM669/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/lactmed/LM993/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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