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<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.boots.min.js"> </script><title>Clonazepam - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
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<meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]">
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Clonazepam">
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<meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute of Child Health and Human Development">
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<meta name="citation_date" content="2024/09/15">
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<meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501209/">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="clonazepam">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Chlonazepam">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Klonopin">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Rivotril">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Clonazepamum">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Antelepsin">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Cloazepam">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Iktorivil">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Clonopin">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Landsen">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Antilepsin">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Lonazep">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Kenoket">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Clonex">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Paxam">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Lktorivil">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Solfidin">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Alti-Clonazepam">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Melzap">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Apetryl">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="UNII-5PE9FDE8GB">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="5PE9FDE8GB">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Ro 4-8180">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Ro 5-4023">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="HSDB 3265">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="DEA No. 2737">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="Ro 54023">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="NSC 179913">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="EINECS 216-596-2">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="BRN 0759557">
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<meta name="citation_keywords" content="5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one">
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Clonazepam">
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<meta name="DC.Date" content="2024/09/15">
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<meta name="description" content="Maternal clonazepam occasionally causes sedation in their breastfed infants, especially when given with other central nervous system depressants. A safety scoring system finds clonazepam possible to use cautiously during breastfeeding,[1] and an expert consensus guideline indicates that low-dose clonazepam is an acceptable choice for refractory restless leg syndrome during lactation.[2] Monitor the infant for drowsiness, adequate weight gain, and developmental milestones, especially in younger, exclusively breastfed infants and when using combinations of psychotropic drugs. Monitoring of the infant's serum concentration may be indicated if excessive sedation occurs. Because it has a long half-life, a safer, shorter-acting drug is preferred over clonazepam, if possible.[3,4]">
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<meta name="og:description" content="Maternal clonazepam occasionally causes sedation in their breastfed infants, especially when given with other central nervous system depressants. A safety scoring system finds clonazepam possible to use cautiously during breastfeeding,[1] and an expert consensus guideline indicates that low-dose clonazepam is an acceptable choice for refractory restless leg syndrome during lactation.[2] Monitor the infant for drowsiness, adequate weight gain, and developmental milestones, especially in younger, exclusively breastfed infants and when using combinations of psychotropic drugs. Monitoring of the infant's serum concentration may be indicated if excessive sedation occurs. Because it has a long half-life, a safer, shorter-acting drug is preferred over clonazepam, if possible.[3,4]">
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class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK501209_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Clonazepam</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK501209_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p><p><em>Estimated reading time: 5 minutes</em></p></div></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><p>CASRN: 1622-61-3</p><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/134979678" title="View this structure in PubChem" class="img_link" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubchem"><img src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?t=l&sid=134979678" alt="image 134979678 in the ncbi pubchem database" /></a><div id="LM344.Drug_Levels_and_Effects"><h2 id="_LM344_Drug_Levels_and_Effects_">Drug Levels and Effects</h2><div id="LM344.Summary_of_Use_during_Lactation"><h3>Summary of Use during Lactation</h3><p>Maternal clonazepam occasionally causes sedation in their breastfed infants, especially when given with other central nervous system depressants. A safety scoring system finds clonazepam possible to use cautiously during breastfeeding,[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.1" rid="LM344.REF.1">1</a>] and an expert consensus guideline indicates that low-dose clonazepam is an acceptable choice for refractory restless leg syndrome during lactation.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.2" rid="LM344.REF.2">2</a>] Monitor the infant for drowsiness, adequate weight gain, and developmental milestones, especially in younger, exclusively breastfed infants and when using combinations of psychotropic drugs. Monitoring of the infant's serum concentration may be indicated if excessive sedation occurs. Because it has a long half-life, a safer, shorter-acting drug is preferred over clonazepam, if possible.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.3" rid="LM344.REF.3">3</a>,<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.4" rid="LM344.REF.4">4</a>]</p></div><div id="LM344.Drug_Levels"><h3>Drug Levels</h3><p>In published reports of anticonvulsant use during breastfeeding, most women were taking a combination of anticonvulsants. Some other anticonvulsants (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine) stimulate the metabolism of other drugs including anticonvulsants, whereas others (e.g., valproic acid) inhibit the metabolism of other drugs. Therefore, the relationship of the maternal dosage to the concentration in breastmilk can be quite variable, making calculation of the weight-adjusted percentage of maternal dosage less meaningful than for other drugs in this database.</p><p><i>Maternal Levels.</i> A breastfed newborn infant whose mother was taking clonazepam during pregnancy and lactation (dosage not stated) had serum levels that increased from about 23 mcg/L at 24 hours of age to 43 mcg/L at 96 hours of age.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.5" rid="LM344.REF.5">5</a>]</p><p>Repeated milk clonazepam levels were between 11 and 13 mcg/L in a woman taking clonazepam in an unstated dosage.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.6" rid="LM344.REF.6">6</a>]</p><p>A mother taking clonazepam 2 mg twice daily had several milk level measurements on days 2 to 4 postpartum. The highest milk level was 10.7 mcg/L 4 hours after a dose. The authors calculated that an exclusively breastfed infant would receive a maximum of 2.5% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage of clonazepam.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.7" rid="LM344.REF.7">7</a>]</p><p>A mother who was taking clonazepam 6 mg daily and carbamazepine 1400 mg daily had a milk clonazepam level of 12 mcg/L. No details on sampling times were provided.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.8" rid="LM344.REF.8">8</a>]</p><p>A woman taking oral clonazepam 1 mg daily donated milk samples between 3 and 6 days postpartum at 2 hours after a dose at the estimated peak serum concentration and just before a dose. The 2-hour level in milk was 6.07 mcg/L. The trough milk level was 4.53 mcg/L.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.9" rid="LM344.REF.9">9</a>]</p><p><i>Infant Levels.</i> One preterm infant had cord blood levels of 19 mcg/L and was not breastfed until 72 hours after delivery. The infant's serum clonazepam level was 2.9 mcg/L at 120 hours after birth, and 1 mcg/L at day 14. The mother's serum level was 32 mcg/L at delivery and repeated milk clonazepam levels were between 11 and 13 mcg/L.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.6" rid="LM344.REF.6">6</a>]</p><p>A newborn infant was breastfeeding during a maternal dosage of clonazepam 2 mg twice daily. A pooled sample of infant serum from days 2 to 4 of age contained 4.7 mcg/L of clonazepam.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.7" rid="LM344.REF.7">7</a>]</p><p>Ten of 11 breastfed infants whose mothers were taking clonazepam in dosages of 0.25 to 2 mg daily had no detectable (assay limit varied from 5 to 14 mcg/L) clonazepam or metabolites in serum. The infants' average age was 7.9 weeks, but 6 were under 1 month of age. One 1.9 week-old-infant whose mother was taking clonazepam 0.5 mg daily had a serum concentration of 22 mcg/L.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.10" rid="LM344.REF.10">10</a>]</p><p>One author reported a mother who was taking clonazepam 6 mg daily and carbamazepine 1400 mg daily. Her breastfed (extent not stated) infant had a serum clonazepam level of 20 mcg/L, while the mother's serum level was 50 mcg/L.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.8" rid="LM344.REF.8">8</a>]</p></div><div id="LM344.Effects_in_Breastfed_Infants"><h3>Effects in Breastfed Infants</h3><p>Excessive periodic breathing and prolonged apnea and cyanosis occurred in a newborn at 6 hours after birth at 36 weeks gestation and reoccurred repeatedly up to 10 days of age. The neonate was breastfed starting at 72 hours after delivery and her mother took clonazepam (dose not stated) during pregnancy and lactation. The repeated periodic breathing episodes continued up to 10 weeks of age and were possibly related to clonazepam in breastmilk. A neurodevelopmental examination was normal at 5 months of age.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.6" rid="LM344.REF.6">6</a>]</p><p>The infant of a mother taking clonazepam 1 mg daily during pregnancy and lactation was rated as highly apathetic and had decreased weight increase and slight neurologic signs at 4 weeks of age, but normal intelligence at 6 years of age.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.11" rid="LM344.REF.11">11</a>]</p><p>None of 11 infants whose mothers were taking clonazepam in dosages ranging from 0.25 to 2 mg daily (including 4 who were taking other psychotropic drugs also) had any side effects reported by their mothers. The infants' average age was 7.9 weeks, but 6 were under 1 month of age.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.10" rid="LM344.REF.10">10</a>]</p><p>One author reported a mother who was taking clonazepam 6 mg daily and carbamazepine 1400 mg daily. The infant had serum clonazepam levels of about 40% of the mother's serum level. Her infant was described as "somewhat lazy at the breast and tired."[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.8" rid="LM344.REF.8">8</a>]</p><p>In a telephone follow-up study, 124 mothers who took a benzodiazepine while nursing reported whether their infants had any signs of sedation. Twenty-two mothers took clonazepam while breastfeeding and 1 reported sedation in her infant. She was taking clonazepam 0.25 mg twice daily, flurazepam 15 mg daily, 1 mg of bupropion daily, and 0.75 mg of risperidone daily.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.12" rid="LM344.REF.12">12</a>]</p><p>All adverse reactions in breastfed infants reported in France between January 1985 and June 2011 were compiled by a French pharmacovigilance center. Of 174 reports, clonazepam was reported to cause adverse reactions in 5 infants and to be one of the drugs most often suspected in serious adverse reactions, primarily sedation. One two-month old infant had well-documented hypotonia, somnolence and apnea caused by clonazepam in breastmilk.[<a class="bibr" href="#LM344.REF.13" rid="LM344.REF.13">13</a>]</p></div><div id="LM344.Effects_on_Lactation_and_Breastmil"><h3>Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk</h3><p>Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.</p></div><div id="LM344.Alternate_Drugs_to_Consider"><h3>Alternate Drugs to Consider</h3><p>(Anxiety) <a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM364/?report=reader">Lorazepam</a>, <a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM377/?report=reader">Oxazepam</a>, Temazepam (Seizure Disorder) <a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM400/?report=reader">Carbamazepine</a>, <a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM437/?report=reader">Divalproex</a>, <a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM358/?report=reader">Gabapentin</a>, <a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM399/?report=reader">Lamotrigine</a>, <a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM376/?report=reader">Oxcarbazepine</a>, <a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM402/?report=reader">Phenytoin</a>, <a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM403/?report=reader">Valproic Acid</a></p></div><div id="LM344.References"><h3>References</h3><dl class="temp-labeled-list"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>1.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.1">Uguz
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F.
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A new safety scoring system for the use of psychotropic drugs during lactation.
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Am J Ther
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2021;28:e118-e26.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30601177" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 30601177</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>2.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.2">Picchietti
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DL, Hensley
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JG, Bainbridge
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JL, et al.
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Consensus clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease during pregnancy and lactation.
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Sleep Med Rev
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2015;22:64-77.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25553600" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25553600</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>3.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.3">Davanzo
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R, Dal Bo, S, Bua
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J, et al.
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Antiepileptic drugs and breastfeeding.
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Ital J Pediatr
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2013;39:50.
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[<a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3844381/" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pmc">PMC free article<span class="bk_prnt">: PMC3844381</span></a>] [<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23985170" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 23985170</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>4.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.4">Veiby
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G, Bjork
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M, Engelsen
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BA, et al.
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Epilepsy and recommendations for breastfeeding.
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Seizure
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2015;28:57-65.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25837494" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25837494</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>5.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.5">Bossi L, Battino D, Caccamo ML, et al. Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of antiepileptic drugs in newborns of chronically treated epileptic mothers. In: Janz D, Bossi L, Dam M, et al., eds. Epilepsy, pregnancy and the child. New York: Raven Press; 1982:373-81.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>6.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.6">Fisher
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JB, Edgren
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BE, Mammel
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MC, et al.
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Neonatal apnea associated with maternal clonazepam therapy: A case report. Obstet Gynecol
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1985;66 (3
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4022513" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 4022513</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>7.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.7">Söderman
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P, Matheson
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I. Clonazepam in breast milk.
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Eur J Pediatr
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1988;147:212-3.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3366144" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 3366144</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>8.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.8">Schaefer C, Peters P, Miller RK. Drugs during pregnancy and lactation: Treatment options and risk assessment, 3rd ed. Boston: Academic Press; 2015:733. doi:10.1016/C2011-0-09100-7 [<a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.1016/C2011-0-09100-7" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CrossRef</a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>9.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.9">Nishimura
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A, Furugen
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A, Umazume
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T, et al.
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Benzodiazepine concentrations in the breast milk and plasma of nursing mothers: Estimation of relative infant dose.
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Breastfeed Med
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2021;16:424-31.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33449825" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 33449825</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>10.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.10">Birnbaum
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CS, Cohen
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LS, Bailey
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JW, et al.
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Serum concentrations of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in nursing infants: A case series.
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Pediatrics
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1999;104:e11.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10390297" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 10390297</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>11.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.11">Hartmann
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AM, Koch
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S, Jager-Roman
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E, et al.
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Breast feeding, weight gain and behaviour in newborns of epileptic women.
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Monatsschr Kinderheilkd
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1994;142:505-12.</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>12.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.12">Kelly
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LE, Poon
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S, Madadi
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P, et al.
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Neonatal benzodiazepines exposure during breastfeeding.
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J Pediatr
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2012;161:448-51.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22504099" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 22504099</span></a>]</div></dd></dl><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt>13.</dt><dd><div class="bk_ref" id="LM344.REF.13">Soussan
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C, Gouraud
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G, et al.
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Drug-induced adverse reactions via breastfeeding: A descriptive study in the French Pharmacovigilance Database.
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Eur J Clin Pharmacol
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2014;70:1361-6.
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[<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25183382" ref="pagearea=cite-ref&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">PubMed<span class="bk_prnt">: 25183382</span></a>]</div></dd></dl></dl></div></div><div id="LM344.Substance_Identification"><h2 id="_LM344_Substance_Identification_">Substance Identification</h2><div id="LM344.Substance_Name"><h3>Substance Name</h3><p>Clonazepam</p></div><div id="LM344.CAS_Registry_Number"><h3>CAS Registry Number</h3><p>1622-61-3</p></div><div id="LM344.Drug_Class"><h3>Drug Class</h3><p>Breast Feeding</p><p>Lactation</p><p>Milk, Human</p><p>Anticonvulsants</p><p>Benzodiazepines</p></div></div><div><dl class="temp-labeled-list small"><dl class="bkr_refwrap"><dt></dt><dd><div><p class="no_top_margin"><p><b>Disclaimer: </b>Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information on this Site.</p></p></div></dd></dl></dl></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK501209_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Last Revision: <span itemprop="dateModified">September 15, 2024</span>.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a><p class="small"><b>Attribution Statement:</b> LactMed is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.</p></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006-. Clonazepam. [Updated 2024 Sep 15].<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM313/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/lactmed/LM73/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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