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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Cancer (PDQ®)" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Cancer Institute (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2018/03/20" /><meta name="citation_author" content="PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="29589881" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK488098/" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="cognitive intervention" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="cognitive impairment" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Cancer (PDQ®)" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Cancer Institute (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2018/03/20" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK488098/" /><meta name="description" content="Cognitive impairment (problems with memory and thinking) is often reported by cancer patients and survivors and is sometimes called "chemobrain" or "chemofog.” Get detailed information about cognitive impairment and treatment in this expert-reviewed summary." /><meta name="og:title" content="Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Cancer (PDQ®)" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Cognitive impairment (problems with memory and thinking) is often reported by cancer patients and survivors and is sometimes called "chemobrain" or "chemofog.” Get detailed information about cognitive impairment and treatment in this expert-reviewed summary." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK488098/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000791425/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK488098/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK488098_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK488098_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK488098_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Cancer (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: November 15, 2022.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">March 20, 2018</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000791425__207">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about cognitive impairment in adults. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000791425__208">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000791425__209"><h2 id="_CDR0000791425__209_">General Information About Cognitive Problems in Cancer Survivors</h2><div id="CDR0000791425__209.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__210">Cognition problems can change the way you think and learn.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__216">Memory loss and thinking problems are common in people with cancer and cancer survivors.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000791425__210"><h3>Cognition problems can change the way you think and learn.</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__275"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476290/" class="def">Cognition</a> is the process of how you learn, remember, and become aware of what is around you.</p><p id="CDR0000791425__212">This process includes being able to do the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000791425__255"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Focus on important information, thoughts, and actions.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Pay attention to a task or activity for a long period of time.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Predict what may happen, plan, and solve problems.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Learn quickly.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Have a sense of where objects are around you.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Understand and communicate by speaking and writing.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Learn and remember new information.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000791425__279">When your cognition changes, you may have problems with daily tasks.</p><p id="CDR0000791425__276">This summary is about cognitive changes that occur in people with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> and cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450125/" class="def">survivors</a>.</p></div><div id="CDR0000791425__216"><h3>Memory loss and thinking problems are common in people with cancer and cancer survivors.</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__218">Your thought process may change, and it may be hard for you to focus and remember things the same way as you did before your cancer treatment.</p><p id="CDR0000791425__219">Talk to your doctor about memory loss and thinking problems you have during or after treatment.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000791425__215"><h2 id="_CDR0000791425__215_">Signs of Cognitive Problems</h2><div id="CDR0000791425__215.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__213">Signs of cognitive problems include trouble learning or remembering.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__223">Cancer treatments or other diseases may cause cognitive problems.</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__226">Your doctor will examine you to better understand your cognitive problems. </a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000791425__213"><h3>Signs of cognitive problems include trouble learning or remembering.</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__259">Other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a> may also cause cognitive problems. Talk to your doctor if you have memory loss or are unable to do the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000791425__258"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Focus on what you are doing.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Complete tasks.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Understand what people are saying.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Remember names and common words.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Recognize familiar objects.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Follow instructions.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Manage your money well. For example, you may have trouble paying bills or balancing your checkbook.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000791425__277">You may also notice the following changes:</p><ul id="CDR0000791425__278"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Disorganized behavior or thinking.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Loss of interest.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Problems making sense of the world around you.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000791425__223"><h3>Cancer treatments or other diseases may cause cognitive problems.</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__225">Factors that cause cognitive problems in people with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> and cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450125/" class="def">survivors</a> include the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000791425__260"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Older age.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Being weak or frail.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Cancer treatments, such as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">chemotherapy</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a>, or other medications, and their <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Being <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045269/" class="def">postmenopausal</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Distress, such as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430405/" class="def">anxiety</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430479/" class="def">depression</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Symptoms, such as pain, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000321374/" class="def">fatigue</a>, or trouble sleeping.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Other diseases or conditions.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Using <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463134/" class="def">alcohol</a> or other substances that change your mental state.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000791425__226"><h3>Your doctor will examine you to better understand your cognitive problems. </h3><p id="CDR0000791425__261">Your doctor will ask about your health history and usual daily activities to find out a cause of your cognitive problems. Your doctor will also do an exam to check for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000750109/" class="def">signs</a> of disease. </p></div></div><div id="CDR0000791425__228"><h2 id="_CDR0000791425__228_">Treatment of Cognitive Problems</h2><div id="CDR0000791425__228.kp" class="box"><h4><span class="title">Key Points for This Section</span></h4><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__229">Treatment of cognitive problems may include activities that help your attention, memory, and thinking.</a></div><ul><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__231">Cognitive rehabilitation</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__236">Movement therapy</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__238">Attention restoration</a></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__240">Meditation</a></div></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><a href="#CDR0000791425__242">Certain drugs are being studied to treat cognitive problems.</a></div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000791425__229"><h3>Treatment of cognitive problems may include activities that help your attention, memory, and thinking.</h3><div id="CDR0000791425__231"><h4>Cognitive rehabilitation</h4><p id="CDR0000791425__262">The goal of cognitive <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000441257/" class="def">rehabilitation</a> is to improve your memory and the way you think, organize, and make decisions. Cognitive rehabilitation involves the following:</p><ul id="CDR0000791425__263"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Learning ways to take in new information and perform new tasks or behaviors.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Staying organized by using tools, such as calendars or electronic diaries.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Doing activities over and over, usually on a computer, that become more challenging over time.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000791425__236"><h4>Movement therapy</h4><p id="CDR0000791425__264">Movement <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044737/" class="def">therapy</a> or exercises, such as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000467869/" class="def">tai chi</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000467860/" class="def">qigong</a>, or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000532135/" class="def">yoga</a>, may improve the way you think and focus.</p></div><div id="CDR0000791425__238"><h4>Attention restoration</h4><p id="CDR0000791425__266">Activities that restore attention may help you stay focused on what is around you. These activities may include walking, gardening, bird watching, and caring for pets.</p></div><div id="CDR0000791425__240"><h4>Meditation</h4><p id="CDR0000791425__267"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000730354/" class="def">Meditation</a> may help improve cognitive function. Meditation is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000729824/" class="def">mind-body practice</a> in which a person focuses his or her attention on something, such as an object, word, phrase, or breathing. This will help keep you from being distracted or having <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450122/" class="def">stressful</a> thoughts or feelings. Mindfulness-based stress reduction is a type of meditation that focuses on bringing attention and awareness to each moment.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000791425__242"><h3>Certain drugs are being studied to treat cognitive problems.</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__274">Several <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000348921/" class="def">drugs</a> have been studied to treat cognitive problems in people who have or who have had <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>, such as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000468800/" class="def">psychostimulants</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045958/" class="def">erythropoietin</a>-stimulating agents, but results are mixed. More research is needed. </p></div></div><div id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000791425__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about expert-reviewed information summary about causes and management of cognitive impairment in people with cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/supportive-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Supportive and Palliative Care Editorial Board. PDQ Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Cancer. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/memory/cognitive-impairment-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/memory/cognitive-impairment-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. </p><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000791425__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div></div></div>
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