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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE,NOIMAGEINDEX" /><meta name="author" content="National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Fertility" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="RCOG Press" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2004/02" /><meta name="citation_author" content="National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="21089236" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45935/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Fertility" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="RCOG Press" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2004/02" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45935/" /><meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /><meta name="description" content="The aim of this guideline is to offer best practice advice on the care of people in the reproductive age group who perceive that they have problems in conceiving. Between 1998 and 2000, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) published three guidelines on the management of infertility that covered, respectively, initial investigation and management, management in secondary care and management in tertiary care. This guideline is based on those RCOG guidelines and takes into account a new review of the research evidence; it also covers the diagnostic, medical and surgical management of people throughout all stages of their care in primary-, secondary- and tertiary-care settings." /><meta name="og:title" content="Fertility" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="The aim of this guideline is to offer best practice advice on the care of people in the reproductive age group who perceive that they have problems in conceiving. Between 1998 and 2000, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) published three guidelines on the management of infertility that covered, respectively, initial investigation and management, management in secondary care and management in tertiary care. This guideline is based on those RCOG guidelines and takes into account a new review of the research evidence; it also covers the diagnostic, medical and surgical management of people throughout all stages of their care in primary-, secondary- and tertiary-care settings." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45935/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-nicecg11-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="warning" content="This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date." /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/nicecg11/toc/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554709/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script>
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p></div><div class="bk_msg_box bk_bttm_mrgn clearfix bk_noprnt"><div class="iconblock clearfix"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/nicecg156guid/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-nicecg156guid-lrg.png" alt="Cover" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><ul class="messages"><li class="info icon"><span class="icon"><a href="/books/n/nicecg156guid/">See 2017 update</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="messagearea bk_noprnt" style="margin-bottom:1.3846em "><ul class="messages"><li class="warn icon"><span class="icon">This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.</span></li></ul></div><div class="bk_prnt"><p style="color:red;"><strong>This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.</strong></p></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="https://www.rcog.org.uk/" title="RCOG Press" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-nicecg11-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Fertility" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK45935_"><span itemprop="name">Fertility</span></h1><div class="subtitle">Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems</div><p><i>NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 11</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London (UK): <a href="https://www.rcog.org.uk/" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">RCOG Press</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2004 Feb</span>.<div class="small">ISBN-10: <span itemprop="isbn">1-900364-97-2</span></div></div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © 2004, National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health.</div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div itemprop="description"><h2>Excerpt</h2><p>The aim of this guideline is to offer best practice advice on the care of people in the
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||
reproductive age group who perceive that they have problems in conceiving. Between 1998
|
||
and 2000, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) published three
|
||
guidelines on the management of infertility that covered, respectively, initial investigation
|
||
and management, management in secondary care and management in tertiary care. This
|
||
guideline is based on those RCOG guidelines and takes into account a new review of the
|
||
research evidence; it also covers the diagnostic, medical and surgical management of people
|
||
throughout all stages of their care in primary-, secondary- and tertiary-care settings.</p></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul id="toc_tllNBK45935_guideline" class="simple-list toc toc-toggle"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_guideline"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/guideline/" class="toc-item">Guideline Development Group membership and acknowledgements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_abbreviations"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/abbreviations/" class="toc-item">Abbreviations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_glossary"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/glossary/" class="toc-item">Glossary of terms</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch1/" class="toc-item">1. Introduction</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch1_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch1_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch1/#ch1.s1" class="toc-item">1.1 Aim of the guideline</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch1_s2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch1/#ch1.s2" class="toc-item">1.2 Areas outside the remit of the guideline</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch1_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch1/#ch1.s3" class="toc-item">1.3 For whom is the guideline intended?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch1_s4"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch1/#ch1.s4" class="toc-item">1.4 Who has developed the guideline?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch1_s5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch1/#ch1.s5" class="toc-item">1.5 Guideline methodology</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch2/" class="toc-item">2. Summary of recommendations and practice algorithms</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch2_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch2_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch2/#ch2.s1" class="toc-item">2.1 Summary of recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch2_s94"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch2/#ch2.s94" class="toc-item">2.2 Future research recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch2_s95"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch2/#ch2.s95" class="toc-item">2.3 Algorithm</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/" class="toc-item">3. Initial advice to people concerned about delays in conception</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch3_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s1" class="toc-item">3.1 Natural conception</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s3" class="toc-item">3.2 Frequency and timing of sexual intercourse</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s5" class="toc-item">3.3 Alcohol</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s7"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s7" class="toc-item">3.4 Smoking</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s9"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s9" class="toc-item">3.5 Caffeinated beverages</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s11"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s11" class="toc-item">3.6 Body weight</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s16"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s16" class="toc-item">3.7 Tight underwear for men</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s18"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s18" class="toc-item">3.8 Occupation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s20"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s20" class="toc-item">3.9 Prescribed, over-the-counter and recreational drug use</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s24"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s24" class="toc-item">3.10 Complementary therapy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s26"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s26" class="toc-item">3.11 Folic acid supplementation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s28"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s28" class="toc-item">3.12 Susceptibility to rubella</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s30"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s30" class="toc-item">3.13 Cervical cancer screening</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch3_s32"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch3/#ch3.s32" class="toc-item">3.14 Defining infertility</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch4"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch4/" class="toc-item">4. Principles of care</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch4_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch4_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch4/#ch4.s1" class="toc-item">4.1 Information giving and couple-centred management</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch4_s4"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch4/#ch4.s4" class="toc-item">4.2 Psychological effects of fertility problems</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch4_s7"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch4/#ch4.s7" class="toc-item">4.3 Specialist and generalist care</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch5/" class="toc-item">5. Investigation of fertility problems and management strategies</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch5_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch5_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch5/#ch5.s1" class="toc-item">5.1 Semen analysis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch5_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch5/#ch5.s3" class="toc-item">5.2 Assessing ovulation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch5_s15"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch5/#ch5.s15" class="toc-item">5.3 Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch5_s17"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch5/#ch5.s17" class="toc-item">5.4 Assessing tubal damage</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch5_s24"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch5/#ch5.s24" class="toc-item">5.5 Assessing uterine abnormalities</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch5_s28"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch5/#ch5.s28" class="toc-item">5.6 Postcoital testing of cervical mucus</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch5_s30"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch5/#ch5.s30" class="toc-item">5.7 Strategies for management of fertility problems</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch6/" class="toc-item">6. Medical and surgical management of male factor fertility problems</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch6_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch6_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch6/#ch6.s1" class="toc-item">6.1 Medical management</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch6_s15"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch6/#ch6.s15" class="toc-item">6.2 Surgical management</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch6_s20"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch6/#ch6.s20" class="toc-item">6.3 Management of ejaculatory failure</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/" class="toc-item">7. Ovulation induction</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch7_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s1" class="toc-item">7.1 Anti-oestrogens</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s5" class="toc-item">7.2 Metformin</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s7"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s7" class="toc-item">7.3 Ovarian drilling</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s10"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s10" class="toc-item">7.4 Gonadotrophin use in ovulation induction therapy for ovulatory disorders</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s12"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s12" class="toc-item">7.5 Gonadotrophin use during in vitro fertilisation treatment</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s17"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s17" class="toc-item">7.6 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues in ovulation induction therapy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s19"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s19" class="toc-item">7.7 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues during in vitro fertilisation treatment</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s27"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s27" class="toc-item">7.8 Growth hormone as an adjunct to ovulation induction therapy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s29"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s29" class="toc-item">7.9 Pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s31"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s31" class="toc-item">7.10 Dopamine agonists</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s33"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s33" class="toc-item">7.11 Monitoring ovulation induction during gonadotrophin therapy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch7_s37"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch7/#ch7.s37" class="toc-item">7.12 Other risks and adverse effects associated with ovulation induction agents</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch8"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch8/" class="toc-item">8. Tubal and uterine surgery</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch8_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch8_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch8/#ch8.s1" class="toc-item">8.1 Tubal microsurgery and laparoscopic tubal surgery</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch8_s4"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch8/#ch8.s4" class="toc-item">8.2 Tubal catheterisation or cannulation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch8_s6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch8/#ch8.s6" class="toc-item">8.3 Uterine surgery</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch9"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch9/" class="toc-item">9. Medical and surgical management of endometriosis</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch9_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch9_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch9/#ch9.s1" class="toc-item">9.1 Medical management (ovarian suppression)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch9_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch9/#ch9.s3" class="toc-item">9.2 Surgical ablation</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch10"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch10/" class="toc-item">10. Intrauterine insemination</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch10_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch10_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch10/#ch10.s1" class="toc-item">10.1 Male factor fertility problems</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch10_s2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch10/#ch10.s2" class="toc-item">10.2 Unexplained fertility problems</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch10_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch10/#ch10.s3" class="toc-item">10.3 Endometriosis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch10_s4"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch10/#ch10.s4" class="toc-item">10.4 Single versus double intrauterine insemination</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch10_s5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch10/#ch10.s5" class="toc-item">10.5 Fallopian sperm perfusion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch10_s6"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch10/#ch10.s6" class="toc-item">10.6 Cost effectiveness of stimulated versus unstimulated intrauterine insemination</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch10_s7"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch10/#ch10.s7" class="toc-item">10.7 Cost effectiveness of different drug regimens in stimulated intrauterine insemination</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch10_s8"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch10/#ch10.s8" class="toc-item">RECOMMENDATIONS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch10_s9"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch10/#ch10.s9" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/" class="toc-item">11. Factors affecting the outcome of in vitro fertilisation treatment</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch11_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s1" class="toc-item">Immediate versus delayed in vitro fertilisation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s2" class="toc-item">In vitro fertilisation for management of fertility problems associated with tubal disease</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s3" class="toc-item">In vitro fertilisation for management of fertility problems associated with endometriosis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s5" class="toc-item">11.1 Surgery for hydrosalpinges before in vitro fertilisation treatment</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s8"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s8" class="toc-item">11.2 Female age</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s20"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s20" class="toc-item">11.3 Number of embryos to be transferred and multiple pregnancy</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s24"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s24" class="toc-item">11.4 Number of previous treatment cycles</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s26"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s26" class="toc-item">11.5 Pregnancy history</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s28"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s28" class="toc-item">11.6 Alcohol, smoking and caffeine consumption</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s30"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s30" class="toc-item">11.7 Body weight</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s33"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s33" class="toc-item">11.8 Clinical effectiveness and referral for in vitro fertilisation treatment</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch11_s35"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch11/#ch11.s35" class="toc-item">11.9 Gamete intrafallopian transfer and zygote intrafallopian transfer</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/" class="toc-item">12. Procedures used during in vitro fertilisation treatment</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch12_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s1" class="toc-item">12.1 Medical assessment and screening</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s3" class="toc-item">12.2 Management of couples with viral infections</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s8"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s8" class="toc-item">12.3 Ovulation induction during in vitro fertilisation treatment</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s17"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s17" class="toc-item">12.4 Oocyte maturation – human chorionic gonadotrophin</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s19"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s19" class="toc-item">12.5 Monitoring of stimulated cycles</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s21"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s21" class="toc-item">12.6 Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s33"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s33" class="toc-item">12.7 Oocyte retrieval</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s41"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s41" class="toc-item">12.8 Sperm recovery</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s46"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s46" class="toc-item">12.9 Assisted hatching</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s50"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s50" class="toc-item">12.10 Embryo transfer techniques</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch12_s58"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch12/#ch12.s58" class="toc-item">12.11 Luteal support</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch13"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch13/" class="toc-item">13. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch13_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch13_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch13/#ch13.s1" class="toc-item">13.1 Indications for intracytoplasmic sperm injection</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch13_s9"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch13/#ch13.s9" class="toc-item">13.2 Genetic issues and counselling</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch13_s11"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch13/#ch13.s11" class="toc-item">13.3 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection versus in vitro fertilisation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch13_s14"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch13/#ch13.s14" class="toc-item">13.4 Cost effectiveness of intracytoplasmic sperm injection</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch14"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch14/" class="toc-item">14. Donor insemination</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch14_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch14_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch14/#ch14.s1" class="toc-item">14.1 Indications for donor insemination</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch14_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch14/#ch14.s3" class="toc-item">14.2 Information and counselling</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch14_s5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch14/#ch14.s5" class="toc-item">14.3 Screening of sperm donors</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch14_s7"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch14/#ch14.s7" class="toc-item">14.4 Assessment of the female partner</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch14_s9"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch14/#ch14.s9" class="toc-item">14.5 Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch14_s11"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch14/#ch14.s11" class="toc-item">14.6 Unstimulated versus stimulated donor insemination</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch14_s13"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch14/#ch14.s13" class="toc-item">14.7 Timing of donor insemination</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch14_s15"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch14/#ch14.s15" class="toc-item">14.8 Maximum number of cycles</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch15"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch15/" class="toc-item">15. Oocyte donation</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch15_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch15_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch15/#ch15.s1" class="toc-item">15.1 Indications</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch15_s8"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch15/#ch15.s8" class="toc-item">15.2 Screening of oocyte donors</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch15_s10"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch15/#ch15.s10" class="toc-item">15.3 Oocyte donation and egg sharing</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch16"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch16/" class="toc-item">16. Applications of cryopreservation in cancer treatment</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch16_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch16_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch16/#ch16.s1" class="toc-item">16.1 Semen cryostorage</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch16_s2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch16/#ch16.s2" class="toc-item">16.2 Cryostorage of embryos, oocytes and ovarian tissue</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch16_s4"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch16/#ch16.s4" class="toc-item">RECOMMENDATIONS</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch17"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch17/" class="toc-item">17. Follow-up of children born as a result of assisted reproduction</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch17_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch17_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch17/#ch17.s1" class="toc-item">17.1 Genetic risks and congenital malformations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch17_s2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch17/#ch17.s2" class="toc-item">17.2 Cancer</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch17_s3"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch17/#ch17.s3" class="toc-item">17.3 Psychological and educational development</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch17_s4"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch17/#ch17.s4" class="toc-item">RECOMMENDATION</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch17_s5"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch17/#ch17.s5" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATION</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch18"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch18/" class="toc-item">18. Auditable standards</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK45935_ch18_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_ch18_s1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/ch18/#ch18.s1" class="toc-item">18.1 Measures that could be used as a basis for an audit</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_appendixes_app1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/appendixes.app1/" class="toc-item">Appendix A Assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems. Understanding NICE guidance: information for people with fertility problems, their partner and the public</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_appendixes_app2"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/appendixes.app2/" class="toc-item">Appendix B Economic models</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_references_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/references.rl1/" class="toc-item">References</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK45935_evidencetables"><a href="/books/n/nicecg11/evidencetables/" class="toc-item">Evidence tables</a></li></ul></div><div><p>Commissioned by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence</p></div><div><p>The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other
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pharmaceutical literature.</p></div></div></div>
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