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next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><p class="vip-notice"><strong><a href="/books/n/glyco4/?report=reader">A new version of this title is available</a></strong></p><p class="vip-notice"><strong><a href="/books/NBK579940/?report=reader">See the updated version of this chapter</a></strong></p><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK453090_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Abbreviations</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK453090_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><dl><dt id="">AA</dt><dd><p>amino acid</p></dd><dt id="">AAL</dt><dd><p><i>Aleuria aurantia</i> lectin</p></dd><dt id="">2-AB</dt><dd><p>2-aminobenzamide</p></dd><dt id="">ABC</dt><dd><p>ATP-binding cassette</p></dd><dt id="">ACE</dt><dd><p>affinity co-electrophoresis</p></dd><dt id="">ACG-IB</dt><dd><p>achrondrogenesis type IB</p></dd><dt id="">AchE</dt><dd><p>acetylcholinesterase</p></dd><dt id="">AD</dt><dd><p>Alzheimer's disease</p></dd><dt id="">ADAMTS</dt><dd><p>a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs</p></dd><dt id="">ADCC</dt><dd><p>antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity</p></dd><dt id="">ADPKD</dt><dd><p>autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease</p></dd><dt id="">AEP</dt><dd><p>aminoethylphosphonate</p></dd><dt id="">AFM</dt><dd><p>atomic force microscopy</p></dd><dt id="">AG</dt><dd><p>arabinogalactan</p></dd><dt id="">AGE</dt><dd><p>advanced glycation end product</p></dd><dt id="">AGP</dt><dd><p>arabinogalactan protein</p></dd><dt id="">AGX</dt><dd><p>arabinoglucuronoxylan</p></dd><dt id="">AHM</dt><dd><p>anhydromannitol</p></dd><dt id="">ALG</dt><dd><p>Asn-linked glycosylation</p></dd><dt id="">α-DG</dt><dd><p>α-dystroglycan</p></dd><dt id="">ALS</dt><dd><p>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</p></dd><dt id="">AMR</dt><dd><p>Ashwell–Morell receptor</p></dd><dt id="">AOII</dt><dd><p>atelosteogenesis type II</p></dd><dt id="">AOX</dt><dd><p>alcohol oxidase</p></dd><dt id="">APAP</dt><dd><p>arabinoxylan pectin arabinogalactan protein</p></dd><dt id="">APC</dt><dd><p>antigen-presenting cell</p></dd><dt id="">Api</dt><dd><p>apiose</p></dd><dt id="">API</dt><dd><p>application programming interface</p></dd><dt id="">APLP</dt><dd><p>amyloid precursor–like protein</p></dd><dt id="">APTS</dt><dd><p>1-aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid</p></dd><dt id="">ASGPR</dt><dd><p>asialoglycoprotein receptor</p></dd><dt id="">AST</dt><dd><p>arylsulfotransferase</p></dd><dt id="">AuNP</dt><dd><p>gold nanoparticle</p></dd><dt id="">AVM</dt><dd><p>arteriovenous malformation</p></dd><dt id="">BCR</dt><dd><p>B-cell receptor</p></dd><dt id="">BCSDB</dt><dd><p>Bacterial Carbohydrate Structure Database</p></dd><dt id="">βCD</dt><dd><p>β-cyclodextrin</p></dd><dt id="">BMP</dt><dd><p>bone morphogenetic protein OR bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate</p></dd><dt id="">BSA</dt><dd><p>bovine serum albumin</p></dd><dt id="">CAD</dt><dd><p>collision-activated dissociation</p></dd><dt id="">CASPER</dt><dd><p>Computer Assisted Spectrum Evaluation of Regular Polysaccharides [program]</p></dd><dt id="">CAZy</dt><dd><p>Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes [database]</p></dd><dt id="">CBM</dt><dd><p>carbohydrate-binding molecule</p></dd><dt id="">CCP</dt><dd><p>complement control protein</p></dd><dt id="">CCSD</dt><dd><p>Complex Carbohydrate Structure Database [aka CarbBank database]</p></dd><dt id="">CDG-II</dt><dd><p>congenital disorders of glycosylation type II</p></dd><dt id="">CD-MPR</dt><dd><p>cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor</p></dd><dt id="">CE</dt><dd><p>capillary electrophoresis</p></dd><dt id="">CEBiP</dt><dd><p>chitin oligosaccharide elicitor-binding protein</p></dd><dt id="">CESA</dt><dd><p>cellulose synthase</p></dd><dt id="">CFG</dt><dd><p>Consortium for Functional Glycomics</p></dd><dt id="">CFTR</dt><dd><p>cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator</p></dd><dt id="">CHIME</dt><dd><p>coloboma, heart defects, ichthyosiform dermatitis, mental retardation, and ear anomalies with hearing loss [syndrome]</p></dd><dt id="">CHO</dt><dd><p>Chinese hamster ovary</p></dd><dt id="">CID</dt><dd><p>collision-induced dissociation</p></dd><dt id="">CI-MPR</dt><dd><p>cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor</p></dd><dt id="">CK</dt><dd><p>creatine kinase</p></dd><dt id="">CM</dt><dd><p>cytoplasmic membrane</p></dd><dt id="">CMAH</dt><dd><p>CMP–Neu5Ac hydroxylase</p></dd><dt id="">CMD</dt><dd><p>congenital muscular dystrophy</p></dd><dt id="">CMP</dt><dd><p>cytidine monophosphate</p></dd><dt id="">CMS</dt><dd><p>congenital myasthemic syndrome</p></dd><dt id="">CMV</dt><dd><p>cytomegalovirus</p></dd><dt id="">CN</dt><dd><p>cellulose nanomaterial</p></dd><dt id="">CNS</dt><dd><p>central nervous system</p></dd><dt id="">CNT</dt><dd><p>carbon nanotube</p></dd><dt id="">CNTFR</dt><dd><p>ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor</p></dd><dt id="">CNX</dt><dd><p>calnexin</p></dd><dt id="">COG</dt><dd><p>conserved oligomeric Golgi</p></dd><dt id="">ConA</dt><dd><p>concanavalin A</p></dd><dt id="">COPD</dt><dd><p>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</p></dd><dt id="">COSY</dt><dd><p>coupling correlated spectroscopy</p></dd><dt id="">CPS</dt><dd><p>capsular polysaccharide</p></dd><dt id="">CRD</dt><dd><p>carbohydrate-recognition domain OR cross-reacting determinant</p></dd><dt id="">CREB</dt><dd><p>cAMP response element binding</p></dd><dt id="">CREG</dt><dd><p>cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes</p></dd><dt id="">CRISPR</dt><dd><p>clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats</p></dd><dt id="">CRP</dt><dd><p>C-reactive protein</p></dd><dt id="">crRNA</dt><dd><p>CRISPR-targeting guide RNA</p></dd><dt id="">CRT</dt><dd><p>calreticulin</p></dd><dt id="">cryo-EM</dt><dd><p>cryo-electron microscopy</p></dd><dt id="">CS</dt><dd><p>chondroitin sulfate OR circumsporozoite</p></dd><dt id="">CsA</dt><dd><p>contact site A</p></dd><dt id="">CSDB</dt><dd><p>Carbohydrate Structure Database</p></dd><dt id="">CSL</dt><dd><p>CBF1, Su(H), Lag-1</p></dd><dt id="">CTD</dt><dd><p>carboxy-terminal domain</p></dd><dt id="">CTL</dt><dd><p>C-type lectin</p></dd><dt id="">CTLD</dt><dd><p>C-type lectin domain</p></dd><dt id="">CTLF</dt><dd><p>C-type lectin fold</p></dd><dt id="">DAF</dt><dd><p>decay accelerating factor</p></dd><dt id="">DAG</dt><dd><p>diacylglycerol</p></dd><dt id="">DAMP</dt><dd><p>damage-associated molecular pattern</p></dd><dt id="">DANA</dt><dd><p>2-deoxy-2,3-di-dehydro-<i>N</i>-acetylneuraminic acid</p></dd><dt id="">DAP</dt><dd><p>DNAX activation protein</p></dd><dt id="">DBL</dt><dd><p><i>Dolichos biflorus</i> lectin</p></dd><dt id="">DC</dt><dd><p>dendritic cell</p></dd><dt id="">DCAL</dt><dd><p>dendritic cell–associated lectin</p></dd><dt id="">DC-SIGN</dt><dd><p>dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin</p></dd><dt id="">DDD2</dt><dd><p>Dowling–Degos disease type 2</p></dd><dt id="">DFT</dt><dd><p>density functional theory</p></dd><dt id="">DGDG</dt><dd><p>1,2-diacyl-3-O-(α-D-Gal-(1,6)-O-β-Gal)-sn-glycerol OR digalactosyldiacylglycerol</p></dd><dt id="">DIC</dt><dd><p>disseminated intravascular coagulation</p></dd><dt id="">DMAP</dt><dd><p>DNA methylase-associated protein</p></dd><dt id="">DMB</dt><dd><p>1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene</p></dd><dt id="">Dol-P</dt><dd><p>dolichol phosphate</p></dd><dt id="">Dol-PP</dt><dd><p>dolichol pyrophosphate</p></dd><dt id="">DON</dt><dd><p>deoxynorleucine OR 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine</p></dd><dt id="">dp</dt><dd><p>degree of polymerization</p></dd><dt id="">D-PDMP</dt><dd><p>D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol</p></dd><dt id="">Dpp</dt><dd><p>Decapentaplegic</p></dd><dt id="">DS</dt><dd><p>dermatan sulfate</p></dd><dt id="">DSA</dt><dd><p><i>Datura stramonium</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">DspB</dt><dd><p>dispersin B</p></dd><dt id="">DTD</dt><dd><p>diastrophic dystrophy</p></dd><dt id="">eAChE</dt><dd><p>erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase</p></dd><dt id="">EAE</dt><dd><p>experimental allergic encephalomyelitis</p></dd><dt id="">EBA</dt><dd><p>erythrocyte-binding antigen</p></dd><dt id="">EBI</dt><dd><p>European Bioinformatics Institute</p></dd><dt id="">EBL</dt><dd><p>erythrocyte-binding-like</p></dd><dt id="">EBR1</dt><dd><p>egg binding receptor 1</p></dd><dt id="">EBV</dt><dd><p>Epstein–Barr virus</p></dd><dt id="">EC</dt><dd><p>Enzyme Commission</p></dd><dt id="">ECD</dt><dd><p>electron capture dissociation</p></dd><dt id="">ECM</dt><dd><p>extracellular matrix</p></dd><dt id="">EcorL</dt><dd><p><i>Erythrina corallodendron</i> lectin</p></dd><dt id="">EDEM</dt><dd><p>ER degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase I–like protein</p></dd><dt id="">EET</dt><dd><p>enzyme enhancement therapy</p></dd><dt id="">EGF</dt><dd><p>epidermal growth factor</p></dd><dt id="">EGT</dt><dd><p>ecdysteroid glucosyltransferase</p></dd><dt id="">EI</dt><dd><p>electron impact</p></dd><dt id="">eIF2</dt><dd><p>eukaryotic initiation factor 2</p></dd><dt id="">EIS</dt><dd><p>electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</p></dd><dt id="">Elf-1</dt><dd><p>E74-like factor 1</p></dd><dt id="">ELISA</dt><dd><p>enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay</p></dd><dt id="">EMT</dt><dd><p>epithelial–mesenchymal transition</p></dd><dt id="">ENDO F2</dt><dd><p>endoglycosidase F2</p></dd><dt id="">ENDO H</dt><dd><p>endoglycosidase H</p></dd><dt id="">eNOS</dt><dd><p>endothelial nitric oxide synthase</p></dd><dt id="">EOGT</dt><dd><p>EGF-specific O-GlcNAc transferase</p></dd><dt id="">EPEC</dt><dd><p>enteropathogenic <i>E. coli</i></p></dd><dt id="">EPG</dt><dd><p>endopolygalacturonase</p></dd><dt id="">E-PHA</dt><dd><p>erythroagglutining phytohemagglutinin from <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i></p></dd><dt id="">EPO</dt><dd><p>erythropoietin</p></dd><dt id="">EPS</dt><dd><p>exopolysaccharide OR extracellular polysaccharide</p></dd><dt id="">ER</dt><dd><p>endoplasmic reticulum</p></dd><dt id="">ERAD</dt><dd><p>endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation</p></dd><dt id="">ERGIC</dt><dd><p>ER–Golgi intermediate compartment</p></dd><dt id="">ERK</dt><dd><p>extracellular mitogen-regulated protein kinase</p></dd><dt id="">ERT</dt><dd><p>enzyme replacement therapy</p></dd><dt id="">ESI</dt><dd><p>electrospray ionization</p></dd><dt id="">ETD</dt><dd><p>electron transfer dissociation</p></dd><dt id="">EtNP</dt><dd><p>ethanolamine phosphate</p></dd><dt id="">FAB</dt><dd><p>fast atom bombardment</p></dd><dt id="">FACE</dt><dd><p>fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis</p></dd><dt id="">FAK</dt><dd><p>focal adhesion kinase</p></dd><dt id="">FCMD</dt><dd><p>Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy</p></dd><dt id="">f-CNT</dt><dd><p>functionalized carbon nanotube</p></dd><dt id="">FET</dt><dd><p>field-effect transistor</p></dd><dt id="">FGE</dt><dd><p>formylglycine-generating enzyme</p></dd><dt id="">FGF</dt><dd><p>fibroblast growth factor</p></dd><dt id="">FGFR</dt><dd><p>fibroblast growth factor receptor</p></dd><dt id="">FHA</dt><dd><p>filamentous hemagglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">FKRP</dt><dd><p>fukutin-related protein</p></dd><dt id="">FKTN</dt><dd><p>fukutin</p></dd><dt id="">FRC</dt><dd><p>fibroblastic reticular cell</p></dd><dt id="">FSH</dt><dd><p>follicle-stimulating hormone</p></dd><dt id="">FSP</dt><dd><p>fucose sulfate polymer</p></dd><dt id="">FT</dt><dd><p>Fourier transform</p></dd><dt id="">GABA</dt><dd><p>γ-aminobutyric acid</p></dd><dt id="">GAG</dt><dd><p>glycosaminoglycan</p></dd><dt id="">GALE</dt><dd><p>uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase</p></dd><dt id="">GALK</dt><dd><p>galactokinase</p></dd><dt id="">GALNT</dt><dd><p>polypeptide GalNAc-transferase</p></dd><dt id="">GALT</dt><dd><p>galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase</p></dd><dt id="">GARP</dt><dd><p>glutamic acid/alanine-rich protein</p></dd><dt id="">GAS</dt><dd><p>Group A streptococcus</p></dd><dt id="">GalT</dt><dd><p>galactosyltransferase</p></dd><dt id="">GBP</dt><dd><p>glycan-binding protein</p></dd><dt id="">GBS</dt><dd><p>Group B streptococcus OR Guillain–Barré syndrome</p></dd><dt id="">GC</dt><dd><p>gas chromatography</p></dd><dt id="">GCS</dt><dd><p>glycosylceramide synthase</p></dd><dt id="">GDNFR-α</dt><dd><p>glial-cell-[line-]derived neurotrophic factor receptor-α</p></dd><dt id="">GFAT</dt><dd><p>glucosamine:fructose aminotransferase</p></dd><dt id="">GFP</dt><dd><p>green fluorescent protein</p></dd><dt id="">GH</dt><dd><p>glycoside hydrolase [aka glycosidase]</p></dd><dt id="">GIPL</dt><dd><p>glycoinositol phospholipid</p></dd><dt id="">Glc</dt><dd><p>glucose</p></dd><dt id="">GlcA</dt><dd><p>glucuronic acid</p></dd><dt id="">GLIC</dt><dd><p>Glycome Informatics Consortium</p></dd><dt id="">GlycO</dt><dd><p>Glycomics Ontology</p></dd><dt id="">GNA</dt><dd><p><i>Galanthus nivalis</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">GNE</dt><dd><p>N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase</p></dd><dt id="">GPCR</dt><dd><p>G protein–coupled receptor</p></dd><dt id="">GPI</dt><dd><p>glycosylphosphatidylinositol</p></dd><dt id="">GPI-AP</dt><dd><p>GPI-anchored protein</p></dd><dt id="">GPP</dt><dd><p>Glycan Pathway Predictor</p></dd><dt id="">GRIFIN</dt><dd><p>galectin-related interfiber protein</p></dd><dt id="">GRP</dt><dd><p>glycan-recognizing probe OR galectin-related protein OR glycan-recognizing protein</p></dd><dt id="">GS</dt><dd><p>glycogen synthase</p></dd><dt id="">GSC</dt><dd><p>germline stem cell</p></dd><dt id="">GSK3β</dt><dd><p>glycogen synthase kinase-3β</p></dd><dt id="">GSL</dt><dd><p>glycosphingolipid</p></dd><dt id="">GT</dt><dd><p>glycosyltransferase</p></dd><dt id="">GWAS</dt><dd><p>genome-wide association study</p></dd><dt id="">GXM</dt><dd><p>glucuronoxylomannan</p></dd><dt id="">GXMG</dt><dd><p>glucuronoxylomannogalactan</p></dd><dt id="">HA</dt><dd><p>hyaluronan OR hemagglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">HAPLN</dt><dd><p>hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein</p></dd><dt id="">HAS</dt><dd><p>hyaluronan synthase</p></dd><dt id="">HAT</dt><dd><p>histone acetyltransferase</p></dd><dt id="">HBHA</dt><dd><p>heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin</p></dd><dt id="">HBP</dt><dd><p>hexosamine biosynthetic pathway</p></dd><dt id="">HCD</dt><dd><p>high-energy collision dissociation</p></dd><dt id="">HDL</dt><dd><p>high-density lipoprotein</p></dd><dt id="">HDX</dt><dd><p>hydrogen deuterium exchange</p></dd><dt id="">HEMPAS</dt><dd><p>hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with positive acidified-serum test</p></dd><dt id="">HEV</dt><dd><p>high endothelial venule</p></dd><dt id="">HF</dt><dd><p>hydrogen fluoride</p></dd><dt id="">HG</dt><dd><p>homogalacturonan</p></dd><dt id="">HGF</dt><dd><p>hepatocyte growth factor</p></dd><dt id="">Hh</dt><dd><p>Hedgehog</p></dd><dt id="">HIBM-II</dt><dd><p>hereditary inclusion body myopathy type II</p></dd><dt id="">HIF</dt><dd><p>hypoxia-inducible factor</p></dd><dt id="">HILIC</dt><dd><p>hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography</p></dd><dt id="">Hint-1</dt><dd><p>human intelectin 1</p></dd><dt id="">HIV</dt><dd><p>human immunodeficiency virus</p></dd><dt id="">HMBC</dt><dd><p>heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation</p></dd><dt id="">HME</dt><dd><p>hereditary multiple exocytosis</p></dd><dt id="">HMG</dt><dd><p>high mobility group</p></dd><dt id="">HMM</dt><dd><p>hidden Markov model</p></dd><dt id="">HPA</dt><dd><p><i>Helix pomatia</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">HPAEC</dt><dd><p>high-pH anion-exchange chromatography</p></dd><dt id="">HPCE</dt><dd><p>high-performance capillary electrophoresis</p></dd><dt id="">HPLC</dt><dd><p>high-performance liquid chromatography</p></dd><dt id="">HPMRS</dt><dd><p>hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome</p></dd><dt id="">HRGP</dt><dd><p>hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein</p></dd><dt id="">HRP</dt><dd><p>horseradish peroxidase</p></dd><dt id="">HS</dt><dd><p>heparan sulfate</p></dd><dt id="">HSQC</dt><dd><p>heteronuclear single quantum coherence</p></dd><dt id="">HSV</dt><dd><p>herpes simplex virus</p></dd><dt id="">HUPO-PSI</dt><dd><p>Human Proteome Organization-Proteomics Standards Initiative</p></dd><dt id="">Hyp</dt><dd><p>hydroxyproline</p></dd><dt id="">IC</dt><dd><p>intermediate compartment</p></dd><dt id="">ICAM</dt><dd><p>intercellular adhesion molecule</p></dd><dt id="">ID</dt><dd><p>intellectual disability</p></dd><dt id="">IDGF</dt><dd><p>imaginal disc growth factor</p></dd><dt id="">IdoA</dt><dd><p>iduronic acid</p></dd><dt id="">IEF</dt><dd><p>isoelectric focusing</p></dd><dt id="">IFN-γ</dt><dd><p>interferon-γ</p></dd><dt id="">IGD</dt><dd><p>inherited GPI deficiency</p></dd><dt id="">IGSF</dt><dd><p>immunoglobulin superfamily</p></dd><dt id="">IL-1</dt><dd><p>Interleukin-1</p></dd><dt id="">IR</dt><dd><p>insulin receptor OR infrared</p></dd><dt id="">IRS</dt><dd><p>insulin receptor substrate</p></dd><dt id="">ITAM</dt><dd><p>immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activatory motif</p></dd><dt id="">ITC</dt><dd><p>isothermal titration calorimetry</p></dd><dt id="">ITI</dt><dd><p>inter-α-trypsin inhibitor</p></dd><dt id="">ITIM</dt><dd><p>immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif</p></dd><dt id="">IUBMB</dt><dd><p>International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology</p></dd><dt id="">IUPAC</dt><dd><p>International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</p></dd><dt id="">JCGGDB</dt><dd><p>Japan Consortium for Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Database</p></dd><dt id="">KCF</dt><dd><p>KEGG Chemical Function</p></dd><dt id="">KDN</dt><dd><p>2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid</p></dd><dt id="">KEGG</dt><dd><p>Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics</p></dd><dt id="">KIR</dt><dd><p>killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor</p></dd><dt id="">KLH</dt><dd><p>keyhole limpet hemocyanin</p></dd><dt id="">KO</dt><dd><p>KEGG Orthology [database]</p></dd><dt id="">KS</dt><dd><p>keratan sulfate</p></dd><dt id="">LAA</dt><dd><p><i>Laburnum alpinum</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">LAM</dt><dd><p>lipoarabinomannan</p></dd><dt id="">LC</dt><dd><p>liquid chromatography</p></dd><dt id="">LCA</dt><dd><p><i>Lens culinaris</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">LDL</dt><dd><p>low-density lipoprotein</p></dd><dt id="">LDN</dt><dd><p>LacdiNAc</p></dd><dt id="">LDNF</dt><dd><p>fucosylated LacdiNAc</p></dd><dt id="">LecRK</dt><dd><p>L-type lectin receptor kinase</p></dd><dt id="">LERP</dt><dd><p>lysosomal enzyme receptor protein</p></dd><dt id="">Lev</dt><dd><p>levulinoyl</p></dd><dt id="">LIF</dt><dd><p>leukemia inhibitory factor OR laser-induced fluorescence</p></dd><dt id="">LLO</dt><dd><p>lipid-linked oligosaccharide</p></dd><dt id="">LM</dt><dd><p>lipomannan</p></dd><dt id="">LMW</dt><dd><p>low-molecular-weight</p></dd><dt id="">LNP</dt><dd><p>lectin nucleotide phosphohydrolase</p></dd><dt id="">LOS</dt><dd><p>lipooligosaccharide</p></dd><dt id="">LPG</dt><dd><p>lipophosphoglycan</p></dd><dt id="">L-PHA</dt><dd><p>L-phytohemagglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">LPPG</dt><dd><p>lipopeptidophosphoglycan</p></dd><dt id="">LPS</dt><dd><p>lipopolysaccharide</p></dd><dt id="">LSC</dt><dd><p>leukemic stem cell</p></dd><dt id="">LSL</dt><dd><p><i>Lonchocarpus sericeus</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">LSPR</dt><dd><p>localized surface plasmon resonance</p></dd><dt id="">LTA</dt><dd><p>lipoteichoic acid OR <i>Lotus tetragonolobus</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">LysM</dt><dd><p>lysozyme motif</p></dd><dt id="">mAb</dt><dd><p>monoclonal antibody</p></dd><dt id="">MAG</dt><dd><p>myelin-associated glycoprotein</p></dd><dt id="">MAH</dt><dd><p><i>Maackia aamurensis</i> hemagglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">MAL</dt><dd><p><i>Maackia amurensis</i> lectin</p></dd><dt id="">MALDI-MS</dt><dd><p>matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry</p></dd><dt id="">MALDI-TOF</dt><dd><p>matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight</p></dd><dt id="">MAP</dt><dd><p>mitogen-activated protein</p></dd><dt id="">MAPK</dt><dd><p>MAP kinase</p></dd><dt id="">MASP</dt><dd><p>MBL-associated serine protease</p></dd><dt id="">MBL</dt><dd><p>mannose-binding lectin</p></dd><dt id="">MBP</dt><dd><p>mannose-binding protein OR major basic protein</p></dd><dt id="">MCD</dt><dd><p>macular corneal dystrophy</p></dd><dt id="">MD</dt><dd><p>molecular dynamics</p></dd><dt id=""><i>m</i>-DAP</dt><dd><p><i>meso</i>-diaminopimelic acid</p></dd><dt id="">MDCK</dt><dd><p>Madin–Darby canine kidney</p></dd><dt id="">MDL</dt><dd><p>myeloid DAP12-associating lectin</p></dd><dt id="">MDO</dt><dd><p>membrane-derived oligosaccharide</p></dd><dt id="">MDP</dt><dd><p>metallodipeptidase</p></dd><dt id="">MEB</dt><dd><p>muscle–eye–brain disease</p></dd><dt id="">MGDG</dt><dd><p>1,2-diacyl-3-O-(β-D-Gal)-sn-glycerol OR monogalactosyldiacylglycerol</p></dd><dt id="">MGL</dt><dd><p>macrophage galactose-binding lectin</p></dd><dt id="">MGUS</dt><dd><p>monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance</p></dd><dt id="">MHC</dt><dd><p>major histocompatibility complex</p></dd><dt id="">MIAPE</dt><dd><p>Minimum Information for A Proteomics Experiment [initiative]</p></dd><dt id="">MICL</dt><dd><p>myeloid inhibitory CTL-like receptor</p></dd><dt id="">MINCLE</dt><dd><p>macrophage inducible Ca<sup>++</sup>-dependent lectin</p></dd><dt id="">MIP-1β</dt><dd><p>macrophage inflammatory protein-1β</p></dd><dt id="">MIRAGE</dt><dd><p>Minimum Information Required for A Glycomics Experiment [initiative]</p></dd><dt id="">MM</dt><dd><p>molecular mechanics</p></dd><dt id="">MMDB</dt><dd><p>Molecular Modeling Database</p></dd><dt id="">MN</dt><dd><p>membranous neuropathy</p></dd><dt id="">MND</dt><dd><p>motor neuron disease</p></dd><dt id="">MNP</dt><dd><p>magnetic nanoparticle</p></dd><dt id="">mOGT</dt><dd><p>mitochondrial OGT</p></dd><dt id="">MPL</dt><dd><p>monophosphoryl lipid A</p></dd><dt id="">MPR</dt><dd><p>M6P receptor</p></dd><dt id="">MR</dt><dd><p>mannose receptor</p></dd><dt id="">MRH</dt><dd><p>M6P receptor homology OR mannose receptor homologous</p></dd><dt id="">MRI</dt><dd><p>magnetic resonance imaging</p></dd><dt id="">mRNA</dt><dd><p>messenger RNA</p></dd><dt id="">MS</dt><dd><p>mass spectrometry</p></dd><dt id="">MSD</dt><dd><p>multiple sulfatase deficiency</p></dd><dt id="">MSP</dt><dd><p>merozoite surface protein</p></dd><dt id="">MTD</dt><dd><p>major tropism determinant</p></dd><dt id="">MTG</dt><dd><p>mind-the-gap [protein]</p></dd><dt id="">4-MU</dt><dd><p>4-methylumbelliferone</p></dd><dt id="">MVB</dt><dd><p>multivesicular body</p></dd><dt id="">MWCNT</dt><dd><p>multiwalled carbon nanotube</p></dd><dt id="">NAD</dt><dd><p>nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide</p></dd><dt id="">NADPH</dt><dd><p>nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate</p></dd><dt id="">NCAM</dt><dd><p>neural cell adhesion molecule</p></dd><dt id="">NCBI</dt><dd><p>National Center for Biotechnology Information</p></dd><dt id="">ncOGT</dt><dd><p>nucleocytoplasmic OGT</p></dd><dt id="">Neu</dt><dd><p>neuraminic acid</p></dd><dt id="">NF-κB</dt><dd><p>nuclear factor-κB</p></dd><dt id="">NHS</dt><dd><p><i>N</i>-hydroxysuccinimide</p></dd><dt id="">NIR</dt><dd><p>near-infrared</p></dd><dt id="">NK</dt><dd><p>natural killer</p></dd><dt id="">NKT</dt><dd><p>natural killer T</p></dd><dt id="">NLR</dt><dd><p>NOD-like receptor</p></dd><dt id="">NLS</dt><dd><p>nuclear localization sequence</p></dd><dt id="">NMJ</dt><dd><p>neuromuscular junction</p></dd><dt id="">NMR</dt><dd><p>nuclear magnetic resonance</p></dd><dt id="">NOD</dt><dd><p>nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain</p></dd><dt id="">NOE</dt><dd><p>nuclear Overhauser effect</p></dd><dt id="">NP</dt><dd><p>nanoparticle</p></dd><dt id="">NSID</dt><dd><p>nonsyndromic intellectual disability</p></dd><dt id="">NulO</dt><dd><p>nonulosonic acid</p></dd><dt id="">ODR-2</dt><dd><p>odorant response abnormal 2</p></dd><dt id="">OGA</dt><dd><p>O-GlcNAcase</p></dd><dt id="">OGT</dt><dd><p>O-GlcNAc transferase</p></dd><dt id="">OMIM</dt><dd><p>Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man</p></dd><dt id="">OPG</dt><dd><p>osmoregulated periplasmic glucan</p></dd><dt id="">O-PS</dt><dd><p>O-antigen polysaccharide</p></dd><dt id="">ORF</dt><dd><p>open reading frame</p></dd><dt id="">OST</dt><dd><p>oligosaccharyltransferase</p></dd><dt id="">OTase</dt><dd><p>oligosaccharyltransferase</p></dd><dt id="">PAD</dt><dd><p>pulsed amperometric detection</p></dd><dt id="">PAH</dt><dd><p>pulmonary arterial hypertension</p></dd><dt id="">PAI-1</dt><dd><p>plasminogen activator inhibitor-1</p></dd><dt id="">PAM</dt><dd><p>protospacer adjacent motif</p></dd><dt id="">PAMP</dt><dd><p>pathogen-associated molecular pattern</p></dd><dt id="">PAP</dt><dd><p>pulmonary arterial pressure</p></dd><dt id="">PAPS</dt><dd><p>3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate</p></dd><dt id="">PAS</dt><dd><p>periodic acid–Schiff</p></dd><dt id="">PBP</dt><dd><p>penicillin-binding protein</p></dd><dt id="">PC</dt><dd><p>phosphorylcholine OR polycystin</p></dd><dt id="">PcG</dt><dd><p>Polycomb group</p></dd><dt id="">PCLP</dt><dd><p>podocalyxin-like protein</p></dd><dt id="">PCP</dt><dd><p>polysaccharide copolymerase</p></dd><dt id="">PCR</dt><dd><p>polymerase chain reaction</p></dd><dt id="">PCT</dt><dd><p>pharmacological chaperone therapy</p></dd><dt id="">PDB</dt><dd><p>Protein Data Bank</p></dd><dt id="">PDI</dt><dd><p>protein disulfide isomerase</p></dd><dt id="">PDK</dt><dd><p>phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase</p></dd><dt id="">PDX1</dt><dd><p>pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1</p></dd><dt id="">PE</dt><dd><p>phosphonoethanolamine</p></dd><dt id="">PECAM</dt><dd><p>platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule</p></dd><dt id="">PEP</dt><dd><p>phosphoenolpyruvate</p></dd><dt id="">PG</dt><dd><p>phosphoglycan</p></dd><dt id="">PGC</dt><dd><p>porous graphitized carbon</p></dd><dt id="">PGIP</dt><dd><p>polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins</p></dd><dt id="">PGM</dt><dd><p>phosphoglucomutase</p></dd><dt id="">PHAL</dt><dd><p>phytohemagglutinin L</p></dd><dt id="">PHF</dt><dd><p>paired helical filament</p></dd><dt id="">PI</dt><dd><p>phosphatidylinositol</p></dd><dt id="">PI3K</dt><dd><p>phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase</p></dd><dt id="">PILR</dt><dd><p>paired immunoglobulin-like receptor</p></dd><dt id="">PIM</dt><dd><p>phosphatidylinositol mannoside</p></dd><dt id="">PKC</dt><dd><p>protein kinase C</p></dd><dt id="">PLAP</dt><dd><p>placental alkaline phosphatase</p></dd><dt id="">PLC</dt><dd><p>phospholipase C</p></dd><dt id="">PLE</dt><dd><p>protein-losing enteropathy</p></dd><dt id="">PLM</dt><dd><p>phospholipomannan</p></dd><dt id="">PMAA</dt><dd><p>partially methylated alditol acetate</p></dd><dt id="">PMT</dt><dd><p>protein mannosyltransferase</p></dd><dt id="">PNA</dt><dd><p>peanut agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">PNAG</dt><dd><p>poly-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine</p></dd><dt id="">PNGase F</dt><dd><p>peptide-N-glycosidase F</p></dd><dt id="">PNH</dt><dd><p>paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria</p></dd><dt id="">PNS</dt><dd><p>peripheral nervous system</p></dd><dt id="">POFUT1</dt><dd><p>protein O-fucosyltransferase 1</p></dd><dt id="">POGLUT1</dt><dd><p>protein O-glucosyltransferase 1</p></dd><dt id="">PPG</dt><dd><p>proteophosphoglycan</p></dd><dt id="">PrP</dt><dd><p>prion protein</p></dd><dt id="">PRR</dt><dd><p>pattern-recognition receptor</p></dd><dt id="">PS</dt><dd><p>phosphatidylserine</p></dd><dt id="">PsA</dt><dd><p>prespore antigen</p></dd><dt id="">PSA</dt><dd><p><i>Pisum sativum</i> agglutinin OR polysialic acid</p></dd><dt id="">PSGL</dt><dd><p>P-selectin glycoprotein ligand</p></dd><dt id="">PSL</dt><dd><p><i>Pisum sativum</i> lectin (pea lectin)</p></dd><dt id="">PSP</dt><dd><p>promastigote surface protease</p></dd><dt id="">PVD</dt><dd><p>pulmonary vascular resistance</p></dd><dt id="">QCM</dt><dd><p>quartz crystal microbalance</p></dd><dt id="">QD</dt><dd><p>quantum dot</p></dd><dt id="">QM</dt><dd><p>quantum mechanical</p></dd><dt id="">QTOF</dt><dd><p>quadrupole time of flight</p></dd><dt id="">RA</dt><dd><p>rheumatoid arthritis</p></dd><dt id="">RAGE</dt><dd><p>receptor for advanced glycation end products</p></dd><dt id="">RANKL</dt><dd><p>receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand</p></dd><dt id="">Rb</dt><dd><p>retinoblastoma</p></dd><dt id="">RCA</dt><dd><p><i>Ricinus communis</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">RCL</dt><dd><p>reactive center loop</p></dd><dt id="">RDF</dt><dd><p>Resource Description Framework</p></dd><dt id="">rER</dt><dd><p>rough endoplasmic reticulum</p></dd><dt id="">RF</dt><dd><p>radio frequency</p></dd><dt id="">RG</dt><dd><p>rhamnogalacturonan</p></dd><dt id="">RHO</dt><dd><p>ras homolog</p></dd><dt id="">RI</dt><dd><p>refractive index</p></dd><dt id="">RINGS</dt><dd><p>Resource for Informatics of Glycomes at Soka</p></dd><dt id="">RIP</dt><dd><p>ribosome-inactivating protein</p></dd><dt id="">RME</dt><dd><p>receptor-mediated endocytosis</p></dd><dt id="">RNAi</dt><dd><p>RNA interference</p></dd><dt id="">RNA-seq</dt><dd><p>RNA sequencing</p></dd><dt id="">ROS</dt><dd><p>reactive oxygen species</p></dd><dt id="">RPTP</dt><dd><p>receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase</p></dd><dt id="">rRNA</dt><dd><p>ribosomal RNA</p></dd><dt id="">RRV</dt><dd><p>relative reactivity value</p></dd><dt id="">RU</dt><dd><p>repeating unit OR resonance unit</p></dd><dt id="">SAG</dt><dd><p>surface antigen</p></dd><dt id="">SAM</dt><dd><p>self-assembled monolayer</p></dd><dt id="">SAMP</dt><dd><p>self-associated molecular pattern</p></dd><dt id="">SAP</dt><dd><p>sphingolipid activator protein OR serum amyloid P</p></dd><dt id="">SAX</dt><dd><p>strong anion exchange chromatography</p></dd><dt id="">SAXS</dt><dd><p>small-angle X-ray scattering</p></dd><dt id="">SBA</dt><dd><p>soybean agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">SCD</dt><dd><p>sickle cell disease</p></dd><dt id="">scFv</dt><dd><p>single-chain variable fragment</p></dd><dt id="">SDF-1</dt><dd><p>stromal cell–derived factor-1</p></dd><dt id="">SDS-PAGE</dt><dd><p>sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis</p></dd><dt id="">SEC</dt><dd><p>size exclusion chromatography</p></dd><dt id="">SED</dt><dd><p>spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia</p></dd><dt id="">SHP-1</dt><dd><p>Src homology region 2 domain–containing phosphatase-1</p></dd><dt id="">shRNA</dt><dd><p>short hairpin RNA</p></dd><dt id="">Sia</dt><dd><p>sialic acid</p></dd><dt id="">SiaT</dt><dd><p>sialyltransferase</p></dd><dt id="">SIB</dt><dd><p>Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics</p></dd><dt id="">Siglec</dt><dd><p>Sia-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin</p></dd><dt id="">siRNA</dt><dd><p>small interfering RNA</p></dd><dt id="">SLE</dt><dd><p>systemic lupus erythematosus</p></dd><dt id="">SLRP</dt><dd><p>small leucine-rich proteoglycan</p></dd><dt id="">Sn</dt><dd><p>sialoadhesin</p></dd><dt id="">SNA</dt><dd><p><i>Sambucus nigra</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">SNFG</dt><dd><p>Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans</p></dd><dt id="">SNP</dt><dd><p>single-nucleotide polymorphism</p></dd><dt id="">sOGT</dt><dd><p>short OGT</p></dd><dt id="">SPR</dt><dd><p>surface plasmon resonance</p></dd><dt id="">SRT</dt><dd><p>substrate reduction therapy</p></dd><dt id="">SSA</dt><dd><p><i>Sambucus sieboldiana</i> lectin</p></dd><dt id="">SSEA</dt><dd><p>stage-specific embryonic antigen</p></dd><dt id="">STAT5</dt><dd><p>signal transducer and activator of transcription 5</p></dd><dt id="">STD</dt><dd><p>saturation transfer difference</p></dd><dt id="">SVM</dt><dd><p>support vector machine</p></dd><dt id="">SWCNT</dt><dd><p>single-walled carbon nanotube</p></dd><dt id="">tACE</dt><dd><p>testis angiotensin-converting enzyme</p></dd><dt id="">TACE</dt><dd><p>TNF-α-converting enzyme</p></dd><dt id="">TAIR</dt><dd><p>The Arabidopsis Information Service</p></dd><dt id="">TALE</dt><dd><p>transcription activator–like effector</p></dd><dt id="">TALEN</dt><dd><p>transcription activator–like effector nuclease</p></dd><dt id="">TBS</dt><dd><p>tertbutyldimethylsilyl</p></dd><dt id="">TCGA</dt><dd><p>The Cancer Genome Atlas</p></dd><dt id="">TCR</dt><dd><p>T-cell receptor</p></dd><dt id="">T-DNA</dt><dd><p>transfer DNA</p></dd><dt id="">TEM</dt><dd><p>transmission electron microscopy</p></dd><dt id="">TET</dt><dd><p>ten-eleven translocation</p></dd><dt id="">TF</dt><dd><p>transcription factor</p></dd><dt id="">TGF-β</dt><dd><p>transforming growth factor β</p></dd><dt id="">Th1</dt><dd><p>T helper 1</p></dd><dt id="">TLC</dt><dd><p>thin-layer chromatography</p></dd><dt id="">TLR</dt><dd><p>Toll-like receptor</p></dd><dt id="">TM</dt><dd><p>transmembrane domain</p></dd><dt id="">TMT</dt><dd><p>tandem mass tag</p></dd><dt id="">TNALP</dt><dd><p>tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase</p></dd><dt id="">TNF-α</dt><dd><p>tumor necrosis factor-α</p></dd><dt id="">TOCSY</dt><dd><p>total correlation spectroscopy</p></dd><dt id="">TP</dt><dd><p>transpeptidase</p></dd><dt id="">TPA</dt><dd><p>tissue plasminogen activator</p></dd><dt id="">TPR</dt><dd><p>tetratricopeptide repeat</p></dd><dt id="">Treg</dt><dd><p>regulatory T cell</p></dd><dt id="">trNOE</dt><dd><p>transferred nuclear Overhauser effect</p></dd><dt id="">TS</dt><dd><p><i>trans</i>-sialidase</p></dd><dt id="">TSG</dt><dd><p>TNF-α-stimulated gene</p></dd><dt id="">TSP</dt><dd><p>thrombospondin</p></dd><dt id="">TSR</dt><dd><p>thrombospondin repeat</p></dd><dt id="">TS-TEM</dt><dd><p>ultrathin section transmission electron microscopy</p></dd><dt id="">UCH</dt><dd><p>ubiquitin carboxyhydrolase</p></dd><dt id="">UEA</dt><dd><p><i>Ulex europaeus</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">UGT or UGGT</dt><dd><p>UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase</p></dd><dt id="">uPA(R)</dt><dd><p>urokinase-type plasminogen activator (receptor)</p></dd><dt id="">UTI</dt><dd><p>urinary tract infection</p></dd><dt id="">UV-Vis</dt><dd><p>ultraviolet-visible</p></dd><dt id="">VEGF</dt><dd><p>vascular endothelial growth factor</p></dd><dt id="">VIPL</dt><dd><p>VIP3b-like</p></dd><dt id="">VNTR</dt><dd><p>variable number tandem repeat</p></dd><dt id="">VSA</dt><dd><p>variant surface antigen</p></dd><dt id="">VSG</dt><dd><p>variant surface glycoprotein</p></dd><dt id="">VWF</dt><dd><p>von Willebrand factor</p></dd><dt id="">VZV</dt><dd><p>Varicella zoster virus</p></dd><dt id="">WFA</dt><dd><p><i>Wisteria floribunda</i> agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">WGA</dt><dd><p>wheat germ agglutinin</p></dd><dt id="">WTA</dt><dd><p>wall teichoic acid</p></dd><dt id="">XGA</dt><dd><p>xylogalacturonan</p></dd><dt id="">XLNSID</dt><dd><p>X-linked nonsyndromic intellectual disability</p></dd><dt id="">XPS</dt><dd><p>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</p></dd><dt id="">YY1</dt><dd><p>Yin Yang 1</p></dd></dl><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK453090_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Publication History</h3><p class="small">Published online: 2017.</p><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> 2015-2017 by The Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California. All rights reserved.<p class="small">PDF files are not available for download.</p></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="http://www.cshlpress.com/default.tpl?action=full&cart=12210755385880789&--eqskudatarq=666" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</a>, Cold Spring Harbor (NY)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>Varki A, Cummings RD, Esko JD, et al., editors. Essentials of Glycobiology [Internet]. 3rd edition. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2015-2017. Abbreviations. 2017.<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/glyco3/books/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/glyco3/cover_art/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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