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<meta name="robots" content="NOINDEX,NOFOLLOW,NOARCHIVE,NOIMAGEINDEX" /><meta name="author" content="National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Preterm Labour and Birth" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2015/11" /><meta name="citation_author" content="National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)" /><meta name="citation_pmid" content="26632624" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK327571/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Preterm Labour and Birth" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2015/11" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK327571/" /><meta name="description" content="This guideline reviews the evidence for the care of women who present with signs and symptoms of preterm labour and those who are scheduled to have a preterm birth. It also reviews how preterm birth can be optimally diagnosed in symptomatic women, given that many women thought to be in preterm labour when clinically assessed will not deliver preterm. Optimal diagnosis can facilitate transfer to a place where appropriate neonatal intensive care can be provided, a strategy known to improve rates of survival for the baby. Additional areas that will be covered by the guidance (such as information needs for women who presents with signs and symptoms of preterm labour) are outlined in the guideline scope." /><meta name="og:title" content="Preterm Labour and Birth" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="This guideline reviews the evidence for the care of women who present with signs and symptoms of preterm labour and those who are scheduled to have a preterm birth. It also reviews how preterm birth can be optimally diagnosed in symptomatic women, given that many women thought to be in preterm labour when clinically assessed will not deliver preterm. Optimal diagnosis can facilitate transfer to a place where appropriate neonatal intensive care can be provided, a strategy known to improve rates of survival for the baby. Additional areas that will be covered by the guidance (such as information needs for women who presents with signs and symptoms of preterm labour) are outlined in the guideline scope." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK327571/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng25-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="warning" content="October 2019: the review date for recommendation 1.3.1 was updated to show it had been amended in 2019 without an evidence review." /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/niceng25/toc/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK327571/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script>
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p></div><div class="bk_msg_box bk_bttm_mrgn clearfix bk_noprnt"><div class="iconblock clearfix"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/niceng25guid/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng25guid-lrg.png" alt="Cover" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><ul class="messages"><li class="info icon"><span class="icon"><a href="/books/n/niceng25guid/">See Partial Update</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="messagearea bk_noprnt" style="margin-bottom:1.3846em "><ul class="messages"><li class="warn icon"><span class="icon">October 2019: the review date for recommendation 1.3.1 was updated to show it had been amended in 2019 without an evidence review.</span></li></ul></div><div class="bk_prnt"><p style="color:red;"><strong>October 2019: the review date for recommendation 1.3.1 was updated to show it had been amended in 2019 without an evidence review.</strong></p></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="http://www.nice.org.uk/" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-niceng25-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Preterm Labour and Birth" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK327571_"><span itemprop="name">Preterm Labour and Birth</span></h1><p><i>NICE Guideline, No. 25</i></p><p class="contrib-group"><h4>Authors</h4><span itemprop="author">National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (UK)</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">London: <a href="http://www.nice.org.uk/" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2015 Nov</span>.</div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © 2015 National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health.</div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div itemprop="description"><h2>Excerpt</h2><p>This guideline reviews the evidence for the care of women who present with signs and symptoms of preterm labour and those who are scheduled to have a preterm birth. It also reviews how preterm birth can be optimally diagnosed in symptomatic women, given that many women thought to be in preterm labour when clinically assessed will not deliver preterm. Optimal diagnosis can facilitate transfer to a place where appropriate neonatal intensive care can be provided, a strategy known to improve rates of survival for the baby. Additional areas that will be covered by the guidance (such as information needs for women who presents with signs and symptoms of preterm labour) are outlined in the guideline scope.</p><p>This guideline does not cover who should and should not have medically indicated preterm delivery, nor diagnostic or predictive tests in asymptomatic women. These issues have been reviewed in other NICE guidelines (Diabetes in Pregnancy, Hypertensive Disease in Pregnancy and Antenatal Care) or will be covered in the NICE guideline on High Risk Intrapartum Care.</p></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul id="toc_tllNBK327571_toc_fm_s1" class="simple-list toc toc-toggle"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_fm_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/fm.s1/">Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch1/">1. Guideline summary</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch1_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch1/#ch1.s1">1.1. Guideline Committee membership, NCC-WCH staff and acknowledgements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch1_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch1/#ch1.s5">1.2. Care algorithm</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch1_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch1/#ch1.s6">1.3. Recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch1_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch1/#ch1.s7">1.4. Key research recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch1_s16"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch1/#ch1.s16">1.5. Research recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch1_s17"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch1/#ch1.s17">1.6. Other versions of the guideline</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch1_s18"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch1/#ch1.s18">1.7. Schedule for updating the guideline</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch2/">2. Guideline development methodology</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch2" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch2_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch2/#ch2.s1">2.1. Development of the guideline</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch2_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch2/#ch2.s13">2.2. Methods</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch2_s38"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch2/#ch2.s38">2.3. Evidence of cost effectiveness</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch2_s45"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch2/#ch2.s45">2.4. Developing recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch3/">3. Information and support</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch3" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch3_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch3/#ch3.s1">3.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch3_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch3/#ch3.s2">3.2. Review question</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch3_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch3/#ch3.s3">3.3. Description of included studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch3_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch3/#ch3.s6">3.4. Evidence profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch3_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch3/#ch3.s9">3.5. Evidence statements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch3_s12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch3/#ch3.s12">3.6. Health economics profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch3_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch3/#ch3.s13">3.7. Evidence to recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch3_s19"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch3/#ch3.s19">3.8. Recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch4/">4. Prevention of preterm birth</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch4" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch4_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch4/#ch4.s1">4.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch4_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch4/#ch4.s2">4.2. Prophylactic progesterone</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch4_s24"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch4/#ch4.s24">4.3. Prophylactic cervical cerclage</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch4_s41"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch4/#ch4.s41">4.4. Recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch4_s42"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch4/#ch4.s42">4.5. Research recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch5/">5. Diagnosing preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (P-PROM)</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch5" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch5_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch5/#ch5.s1">5.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch5_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch5/#ch5.s2">5.2. Review question</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch5_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch5/#ch5.s3">5.3. Description of included studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch5_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch5/#ch5.s4">5.4. Evidence profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch5_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch5/#ch5.s5">5.5. Evidence statements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch5_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch5/#ch5.s9">5.6. Health economics profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch5_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch5/#ch5.s10">5.7. Evidence to recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch5_s16"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch5/#ch5.s16">5.8. Recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch6/">6. Antenatal prophylactic antibiotics for women with P-PROM</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch6" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch6_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch6/#ch6.s1">6.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch6_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch6/#ch6.s2">6.2. Review question</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch6_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch6/#ch6.s3">6.3. Description of included studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch6_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch6/#ch6.s4">6.4. Evidence profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch6_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch6/#ch6.s5">6.5. Evidence statements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch6_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch6/#ch6.s13">6.6. Health economics profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch6_s14"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch6/#ch6.s14">6.7. Evidence to recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch6_s21"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch6/#ch6.s21">6.8. Recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch7/">7. Identifying infection in women with P-PROM</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch7" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch7_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch7/#ch7.s1">7.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch7_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch7/#ch7.s2">7.2. Review question</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch7_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch7/#ch7.s3">7.3. Description of included studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch7_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch7/#ch7.s4">7.4. Evidence profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch7_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch7/#ch7.s8">7.5. Evidence statements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch7_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch7/#ch7.s13">7.6. Health economics profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch7_s14"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch7/#ch7.s14">7.7. Evidence to recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch7_s21"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch7/#ch7.s21">7.8. Recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch7_s22"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch7/#ch7.s22">7.9. Research recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch8/">8. ‘Rescue’ cervical cerclage</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch8" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch8_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch8/#ch8.s1">8.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch8_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch8/#ch8.s2">8.2. Review question</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch8_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch8/#ch8.s3">8.3. Description of included studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch8_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch8/#ch8.s4">8.4. Evidence profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch8_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch8/#ch8.s5">8.5. Evidence statements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch8_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch8/#ch8.s6">8.6. Health economics profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch8_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch8/#ch8.s7">8.7. Evidence to recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch8_s14"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch8/#ch8.s14">8.8. Recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch8_s15"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch8/#ch8.s15">8.9. Research recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch9/">9. Diagnosing preterm labour in women with intact membranes</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch9" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch9_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch9/#ch9.s1">9.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch9_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch9/#ch9.s2">9.2. Review question</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch9_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch9/#ch9.s3">9.3. Description of included studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch9_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch9/#ch9.s9">9.4. Evidence profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch9_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch9/#ch9.s10">9.5. Evidence statements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch9_s26"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch9/#ch9.s26">9.6. Health economics profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch9_s27"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch9/#ch9.s27">9.7. Evidence to recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch9_s34"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch9/#ch9.s34">9.8. Recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/">10. Tocolysis</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch10" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s1">10.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s2">10.2. Review question</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s3">10.3. Description of included evidence</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s5">10.4. Introduction to the new network meta-analysis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s8"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s8">10.5. Introduction to pair-wise meta-analysis</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s9">10.6. Evidence profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s18"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s18">10.7. Evidence profiles for the pairwise comparisons</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s19"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s19">10.8. Evidence statements on NMA results</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s28"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s28">10.9. Evidence statements on pair-wise comparisons</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s30"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s30">10.10. Health economics profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s31"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s31">10.11. Evidence to recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch10_s38"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch10/#ch10.s38">10.12. Recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch11"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch11/">11. Maternal corticosteroids</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch11" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch11_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch11/#ch11.s1">11.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch11_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch11/#ch11.s2">11.2. Single course of maternal corticosteroids at different gestations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch11_s28"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch11/#ch11.s28">11.3. Repeat course corticosteroids for fetal lung maturation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch11_s43"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch11/#ch11.s43">11.4. Recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch12"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch12/">12. Magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch12" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch12_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch12/#ch12.s1">12.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch12_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch12/#ch12.s2">12.2. Review question</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch12_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch12/#ch12.s3">12.3. Description of included studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch12_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch12/#ch12.s4">12.4. Evidence profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch12_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch12/#ch12.s5">12.5. Evidence statements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch12_s6"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch12/#ch12.s6">12.6. Health economics profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch12_s7"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch12/#ch12.s7">12.7. Evidence to recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch12_s13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch12/#ch12.s13">12.8. Recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch12_s14"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch12/#ch12.s14">12.9. Research recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch13"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch13/">13. Fetal monitoring</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch13" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch13_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch13/#ch13.s1">13.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch13_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch13/#ch13.s2">13.2. Interpretation of the fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch13_s22"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch13/#ch13.s22">13.3. Monitoring options: cardiotocography and intermittent auscultation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch13_s37"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch13/#ch13.s37">13.4. Fetal scalp electrode</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch13_s52"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch13/#ch13.s52">13.5. Fetal blood sampling</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch13_s65"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch13/#ch13.s65">13.6. Recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch13_s69"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch13/#ch13.s69">13.7. Research recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch14"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch14/">14. Mode of birth</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch14" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch14_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch14/#ch14.s1">14.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch14_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch14/#ch14.s2">14.2. Review question</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch14_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch14/#ch14.s3">14.3. Description of included studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch14_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch14/#ch14.s4">14.4. Evidence profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch14_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch14/#ch14.s5">14.5. Evidence statements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch14_s14"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch14/#ch14.s14">14.6. Health economics profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch14_s15"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch14/#ch14.s15">14.7. Evidence to recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch14_s22"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch14/#ch14.s22">14.8. Recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch15"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch15/">15. Timing of cord clamping for preterm babies</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch15" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch15_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch15/#ch15.s1">15.1. Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch15_s2"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch15/#ch15.s2">15.2. Review question</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch15_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch15/#ch15.s3">15.3. Description of included studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch15_s4"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch15/#ch15.s4">15.4. Evidence profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch15_s5"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch15/#ch15.s5">15.5. Evidence statements</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch15_s9"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch15/#ch15.s9">15.6. Health economics profile</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch15_s10"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch15/#ch15.s10">15.7. Evidence to recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch15_s17"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch15/#ch15.s17">15.8. Recommendations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch15_s18"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch15/#ch15.s18">15.9. Research recommendations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch16"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch16/">16. Health economics</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_ch16" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch16_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch16/#ch16.s1">16.1. What is the clinical effectiveness of prophylactic progesterone (vaginal or oral) in preventing preterm labour in pregnant women considered to be at risk of preterm labour and birth?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch16_s3"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch16/#ch16.s3">16.2. What is the diagnostic accuracy of the following (alone or in combination) in women with intact membranes to identify preterm labour leading to preterm birth</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch16_s18"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch16/#ch16.s18">16.3. What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of magnesium sulfate given to women at high risk of giving birth preterm (defined as those suspected to be in preterm labour or diagnosed as being in preterm labour and those having planned preterm birth) for preventing cerebral palsy and other neurological disorders in babies born at different preterm gestations?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_ch16_s37"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/ch16/#ch16.s37">16.4. What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of tocolytics given to women with suspected or diagnosed preterm labour to improve outcomes</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_glossary_s1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/glossary.s1/">17. Glossary and abbreviations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_references"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/references/">18. References</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_appendixes_appgroup1"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/appendixes.appgroup1/">Appendices</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK327571_toc_appendixes_appgroup1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_appa"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/appa/">Appendix A. Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_appb"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/appb/">Appendix B. Stakeholders</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_appc"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/appc/">Appendix C. Declarations of interest</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_appd"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/appd/">Appendix D. Review protocols</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_appe"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/appe/">Appendix E. Search strategies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_appf"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/appf/">Appendix F. PRISMA flow diagrams</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_appg"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/appg/">Appendix G. Excluded studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_apph"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/apph/">Appendix H. Evidence tables</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_appi"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/appi/">Appendix I. Forest plots</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK327571_toc_appj"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/niceng25/appj/">Appendix J. Network meta-analysis of tocolytics</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div>
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<b>Funding:</b> Registered charity no. 213280
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</div><div><p><b>Disclaimer:</b> Healthcare professionals are expected to take NICE clinical guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgement. However, the guidance does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of each patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their guardian or carer.
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