505 lines
No EOL
46 KiB
XML
505 lines
No EOL
46 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
|
|
|
|
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
|
<!-- AppResources meta begin -->
|
|
<meta name="paf-app-resources" content="" />
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">var ncbi_startTime = new Date();</script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- AppResources meta end -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- TemplateResources meta begin -->
|
|
<meta name="paf_template" content="" />
|
|
|
|
<!-- TemplateResources meta end -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Logger begin -->
|
|
<meta name="ncbi_db" content="books" /><meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="book-part" /><meta name="ncbi_acc" content="NBK2327" /><meta name="ncbi_domain" content="coffeebrk" /><meta name="ncbi_report" content="classic" /><meta name="ncbi_type" content="fulltext" /><meta name="ncbi_objectid" content="" /><meta name="ncbi_pcid" content="/NBK2327/?report=classic" /><meta name="ncbi_pagename" content="Cytosolic help for mitochondrial defects - Coffee Break - NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="ncbi_bookparttype" content="chapter" /><meta name="ncbi_app" content="bookshelf" />
|
|
<!-- Logger end -->
|
|
|
|
<title>Cytosolic help for mitochondrial defects - Coffee Break - NCBI Bookshelf</title>
|
|
|
|
<!-- AppResources external_resources begin -->
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/core/jig/1.15.2/css/jig.min.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/core/jig/1.15.2/js/jig.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- AppResources external_resources end -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Page meta begin -->
|
|
<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Coffee Break: Tutorials for NCBI Tools [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Cytosolic help for mitochondrial defects" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2000/12/04" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Laura Dean" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Johanna McEntyre" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2327/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Cytosolic help for mitochondrial defects" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Laura Dean" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Johanna McEntyre" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2000/12/04" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2327/" /><meta name="description" content="The mitochondrion has cut back its genome substantially since taking up residence in cells as a symbiont 1.5 billion years ago, but it retains its personal transcription, translation and protein-assembling systems, including its tRNA genes. Even so, the mitochondrion is not fully self-sufficient — to varying extents yeast, plants and protozoan cells can borrow nuclear-encoded tRNA molecules to ease the task of translating transcripts of their mitochondrial genes. New data indicate that nuclear-encoded tRNAs can even be used to salvage errors in mitochondrial transcripts." /><meta name="og:title" content="Cytosolic help for mitochondrial defects" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="The mitochondrion has cut back its genome substantially since taking up residence in cells as a symbiont 1.5 billion years ago, but it retains its personal transcription, translation and protein-assembling systems, including its tRNA genes. Even so, the mitochondrion is not fully self-sufficient — to varying extents yeast, plants and protozoan cells can borrow nuclear-encoded tRNA molecules to ease the task of translating transcripts of their mitochondrial genes. New data indicate that nuclear-encoded tRNAs can even be used to salvage errors in mitochondrial transcripts." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2327/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-coffeebrk-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/coffeebrk/A27/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2327/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
|
|
|
|
<!-- Page meta end -->
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/favicon.ico" /><meta name="ncbi_phid" content="CE8E23597D20B3C10000000000600055.m_12" />
|
|
<meta name='referrer' content='origin-when-cross-origin'/><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3852956/3985586/3808861/4121862/3974050/3917732/251717/4216701/14534/45193/4113719/3849091/3984811/3751656/4033350/3840896/3577051/3852958/4008682/4207974/4206132/4062871/12930/3964959/3854974/36029/4128070/9685/3549676/3609192/3609193/3609213/3395586.css" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/css/3411343/3882866.css" media="print" /></head>
|
|
<body class="book-part">
|
|
<div class="grid">
|
|
<div class="col twelve_col nomargin shadow">
|
|
<!-- System messages like service outage or JS required; this is handled by the TemplateResources portlet -->
|
|
<div class="sysmessages">
|
|
<noscript>
|
|
<p class="nojs">
|
|
<strong>Warning:</strong>
|
|
The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function.
|
|
<a href="/guide/browsers/#enablejs" title="Learn how to enable JavaScript" target="_blank">more...</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</noscript>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!--/.sysmessage-->
|
|
<div class="wrap">
|
|
<div class="page">
|
|
<div class="top">
|
|
<div id="universal_header">
|
|
<section class="usa-banner">
|
|
<div class="usa-accordion">
|
|
<header class="usa-banner-header">
|
|
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
|
|
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" />
|
|
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
|
|
<button class="non-usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-top" type="button">
|
|
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</header>
|
|
<div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner-top" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
|
|
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov" />
|
|
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<strong>The .gov means it's official.</strong>
|
|
<br />
|
|
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before
|
|
sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal
|
|
government site.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
|
|
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https" />
|
|
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<strong>The site is secure.</strong>
|
|
<br />
|
|
The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the
|
|
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted
|
|
and transmitted securely.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<div class="usa-overlay"></div>
|
|
<header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header">
|
|
|
|
<div class="usa-grid">
|
|
<div class="usa-width-one-whole">
|
|
|
|
<div class="ncbi-header__logo">
|
|
<a href="/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo">
|
|
<img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" />
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="ncbi-header__account">
|
|
<a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a>
|
|
<button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none" aria-controls="account_popup" type="button">
|
|
<span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="20px" height="20px">
|
|
<g style="fill: #fff">
|
|
<ellipse cx="12" cy="8" rx="5" ry="6"></ellipse>
|
|
<path d="M21.8,19.1c-0.9-1.8-2.6-3.3-4.8-4.2c-0.6-0.2-1.3-0.2-1.8,0.1c-1,0.6-2,0.9-3.2,0.9s-2.2-0.3-3.2-0.9 C8.3,14.8,7.6,14.7,7,15c-2.2,0.9-3.9,2.4-4.8,4.2C1.5,20.5,2.6,22,4.1,22h15.8C21.4,22,22.5,20.5,21.8,19.1z"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span>
|
|
<span class="sr-only">Show account info</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="ncbi-popup-anchor">
|
|
<div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<div class="ncbi-popup-head">
|
|
<button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu" type="button">
|
|
<span class="fa fa-times">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 48 48" width="24px" height="24px">
|
|
<path d="M38 12.83l-2.83-2.83-11.17 11.17-11.17-11.17-2.83 2.83 11.17 11.17-11.17 11.17 2.83 2.83 11.17-11.17 11.17 11.17 2.83-2.83-11.17-11.17z"></path>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button>
|
|
<h4>Account</h4>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="account-user-info">
|
|
Logged in as:<br />
|
|
<b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="account-links">
|
|
<ul class="usa-unstyled-list">
|
|
<li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li>
|
|
<li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li>
|
|
<li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li>
|
|
<li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</header>
|
|
<div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys">
|
|
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a>
|
|
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a>
|
|
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a>
|
|
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a>
|
|
<a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<section data-section="Alerts">
|
|
<div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<div class="res_logo"><h1 class="res_name"><a href="/books/" title="Bookshelf home">Bookshelf</a></h1><h2 class="res_tagline"></h2></div>
|
|
<div class="search"><form method="get" action="/books/"><div class="search_form"><label for="database" class="offscreen_noflow">Search database</label><select id="database"><optgroup label="Recent"><option value="books" selected="selected" data-ac_dict="bookshelf-search">Books</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="clinvar">ClinVar</option><option value="medgen" class="last">MedGen</option></optgroup><optgroup label="All"><option value="gquery">All Databases</option><option value="assembly">Assembly</option><option value="biocollections">Biocollections</option><option value="bioproject">BioProject</option><option value="biosample">BioSample</option><option value="books" data-ac_dict="bookshelf-search">Books</option><option value="clinvar">ClinVar</option><option value="cdd">Conserved Domains</option><option value="gap">dbGaP</option><option value="dbvar">dbVar</option><option value="gene">Gene</option><option value="genome">Genome</option><option value="gds">GEO DataSets</option><option value="geoprofiles">GEO Profiles</option><option value="gtr">GTR</option><option value="ipg">Identical Protein Groups</option><option value="medgen">MedGen</option><option value="mesh">MeSH</option><option value="nlmcatalog">NLM Catalog</option><option value="nuccore">Nucleotide</option><option value="omim">OMIM</option><option value="pmc">PMC</option><option value="protein">Protein</option><option value="proteinclusters">Protein Clusters</option><option value="protfam">Protein Family Models</option><option value="pcassay">PubChem BioAssay</option><option value="pccompound">PubChem Compound</option><option value="pcsubstance">PubChem Substance</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="snp">SNP</option><option value="sra">SRA</option><option value="structure">Structure</option><option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option><option value="toolkit">ToolKit</option><option value="toolkitall">ToolKitAll</option><option value="toolkitbookgh">ToolKitBookgh</option></optgroup></select><div class="nowrap"><label for="term" class="offscreen_noflow" accesskey="/">Search term</label><div class="nowrap"><input type="text" name="term" id="term" title="Search Books. Use up and down arrows to choose an item from the autocomplete." value="" class="jig-ncbiclearbutton jig-ncbiautocomplete" data-jigconfig="dictionary:'bookshelf-search',disableUrl:'NcbiSearchBarAutoComplCtrl'" autocomplete="off" data-sbconfig="ds:'no',pjs:'no',afs:'no'" /></div><button id="search" type="submit" class="button_search nowrap" cmd="go">Search</button></div></div></form><ul class="searchlinks inline_list"><li>
|
|
<a href="/books/browse/">Browse Titles</a>
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
<a href="/books/advanced/">Advanced</a>
|
|
</li><li class="help">
|
|
<a href="/books/NBK3833/">Help</a>
|
|
</li><li class="disclaimer">
|
|
<a target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="link_click" data-ga-label="disclaimer_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/about/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a>
|
|
</li></ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--<component id="Page" label="headcontent"/>-->
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<!-- site messages -->
|
|
<!-- Custom content 1 -->
|
|
<div class="col1">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
<div id="maincontent" class="content eight_col col">
|
|
<!-- Custom content in the left column above book nav -->
|
|
<div class="col2">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Book content -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom content between navigation and content -->
|
|
<div class="col3">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="document">
|
|
<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>Dean L, McEntyre J, editors. Coffee Break: Tutorials for NCBI Tools [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 1999-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/coffeebrk/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-coffeebrk-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Coffee Break" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Coffee Break: Tutorials for NCBI Tools [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK2327_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK2327_dtls__"><div>Dean L, McEntyre J, editors.</div><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 1999-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/coffeebrk/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/coffeebrk/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/coffeebrk/A28/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/coffeebrk/A26/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
|
|
<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK2327_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Cytosolic help for mitochondrial defects</span></h1><div class="subtitle">a novel method for importing tRNA into mitochondria in order to suppress mutations</div><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">December 4, 2000</span>.</p></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><p>The mitochondrion has cut back its genome substantially since taking up
|
|
residence in cells as a symbiont 1.5 billion years ago, but it retains its
|
|
personal transcription, translation and protein-assembling systems, including
|
|
its tRNA genes. Even so, the mitochondrion is not fully self-sufficient — to varying extents yeast, plants and protozoan cells can borrow nuclear-encoded
|
|
tRNA molecules to ease the task of translating transcripts of their mitochondrial genes. New data indicate that nuclear-encoded tRNAs can even be used to salvage errors in mitochondrial transcripts.</p><p>
|
|
<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK2327/figure/A555/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figA555" rid-ob="figobA555">Figure 1</a>
|
|
</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figA555" co-legend-rid="figlgndA555"><a href="/books/NBK2327/figure/A555/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figA555" rid-ob="figobA555"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK2327/bin/cb17a_big.gif" src-large="/books/NBK2327/bin/cb17a_big.jpg" alt="Tertiary structure of tRNA." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndA555"><h4 id="A555"><a href="/books/NBK2327/figure/A555/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA555">Figure</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Tertiary structure of tRNA. The anticodon loop and stem of tRNA<sup>Lys</sup> is depicted in the image to the left. The three bases that compose the anticodon (in this example, "U-U-U") are highlighted in yellow. </p></div></div><p>In the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae,</i> only one tRNA (<sup>Lys</sup><sub>CUU</sub>) is carried into the mitochondrion, something it can do only if charged with an amino acid, and only if aided by cytosolic import factors. Among these factors is the precursor of the mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase (pre-MSK).</p><p>
|
|
<a class="figpopup" href="/books/NBK2327/figure/A556/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-figpopup="figA556" rid-ob="figobA556">Figure 2</a>
|
|
</p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figA556" co-legend-rid="figlgndA556"><a href="/books/NBK2327/figure/A556/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="Figure" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figA556" rid-ob="figobA556"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK2327/bin/cb17b_big.gif" src-large="/books/NBK2327/bin/cb17b_big.jpg" alt="Mutation of the anticodon of tRNA." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndA556"><h4 id="A556"><a href="/books/NBK2327/figure/A556/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA556">Figure</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">Mutation of the anticodon of tRNA. Outside of the mitochondria, tRNA<sup>Lys</sup>
|
|
<sub>CUU</sub> is charged with lysine, its cognate amino acid. However, by changing the anticodon from C-U-U to C-A-U, the mutated tRNA is subsequently charged with methionine. To be able to <a href="/books/NBK2327/figure/A556/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobA556">(more...)</a></p></div></div><p>In a recent <a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10988073&dopt=Abstract" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri"><u>publication</u></a>, researchers altered the aminoacylation identity of tRNA<sup>Lys</sup>
|
|
<sub>CUU</sub> so that it was charged with methionine rather than lysine. Both in live yeast cells and in isolated mitochondria, the engineered tRNA could enter the mitochondrion, where the radiolabelled methionine charged on the imported tRNA was incorporated normally into mitochondrial proteins. A second, modified tRNA<sup>Lys</sup> version with alanine identity was also successfully used <i>in vivo</i> to suppress an <i>amber</i> (UAG) stop codon (a nonsense mutation) in the mitochondrial <i> COX2</i> gene.</p><p>Defects in mitochondrial (mt) DNA, caused by base substitutions or rearrangements in genes that encode proteins or tRNAs underlie a range of human pathologies (as discussed in the previous highlight).</p><p>Could the technique used to modify mitochondrial mutations be adapted for use in humans, given that import of nuclear-encoded tRNAs into mammalian mitochondria has never been seen? It seems so, because isolated human mitochondria imported the yeast tRNA<sup>Lys</sup>
|
|
<sub>CUU</sub> and its derivatives, provided that the human cytosolic extracts were supplemented with the yeast pre-MSK. The foreign tRNA was functional on the translational apparatus of human mitochondria, just as in yeast.</p><p>This recent innovation might be useful for replacing non-functional tRNAs or for suppressing nonsense mutations in mtDNA.</p><p>Story contributed by Tanita Casci, <a href="http://www.nature.com/nrg/index.html" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri"><u>Nature Reviews Genetics</u></a>
|
|
</p><p>
|
|
|
|
</p><div id="A401" class="box"><h3><span class="title">Search Organelle Genome Resources</span></h3><p>Created: December 4, 2000</p><p>Click on the link below to start an html tutorial.</p><p>
|
|
Evolution and the mitochondrial gene order of tRNAs</p></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div>
|
|
<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK2327</span></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/coffeebrk/">Contents</a><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/coffeebrk/A28/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/coffeebrk/A26/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom content below content -->
|
|
<div class="col4">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Book content -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom contetnt below bottom nav -->
|
|
<div class="col5">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="rightcolumn" class="four_col col last">
|
|
<!-- Custom content above discovery portlets -->
|
|
<div class="col6">
|
|
<div id="ncbi_share_book"><a href="#" class="ncbi_share" data-ncbi_share_config="popup:false,shorten:true" ref="id=NBK2327&db=books">Share</a></div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK2327/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK2327/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK2327" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK2327" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Dean L, McEntyre J, editors. Coffee Break: Tutorials for NCBI Tools [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 1999-. Cytosolic help for mitochondrial defects: a novel method for importing tRNA into mitochondria in order to suppress mutations. 2000 Dec 4.<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK2327/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK2327.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (165K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/coffeebrk/pdf/">PDF version of this title</a> (3.7M)</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Live PubMed searches</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li>
|
|
<a href="/pubmed?term=importation%20of%20tRNA" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=term&targettype=pubmed">(1) Importation of tRNA</a>
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
<a href="/pubmed?term=mitochondrial%20lysyl-tRNA" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=term&targettype=pubmed">(2) Mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA</a>
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
<a href="/pubmed?term=mitochondria%20defects%20AND%20review[ptyp]" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=term&targettype=pubmed">(3) REVIEWS</a>
|
|
</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Additional NCBI resources</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li>
|
|
<a href="/Taxonomy/Utils/wprintgc.cgi?mode=c" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Genetic codes</a>
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
<a href="/books/NBK2327/bin/stdcode.pdf">Code chart (pdf)</a></li><li>
|
|
<a href="/mapview/map_search.cgi?taxid=4932" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Yeast genome</a>
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
<a href="/genomes/framik.cgi?gi=105&db=Genome" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Yeast mitochondrion genome</a>
|
|
</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" class="HTOn">Turn Off</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')" class="HTOff">Turn On</a></div><ul id="activity"><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d20fccb15b832ebc9d2f33">Cytosolic help for mitochondrial defects - Coffee Break</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Cytosolic help for mitochondrial defects - Coffee Break<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d20fcbb15b832ebc9d2b7c"> - Coffee Break</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow"> - Coffee Break<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d20fc8b15b832ebc9d255e">Fluorescent timer - Coffee Break</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Fluorescent timer - Coffee Break<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d20fc584f3725e59b47ed2">Ready, steady, go! - Coffee Break</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Ready, steady, go! - Coffee Break<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d20fbc84f3725e59b45593">RecName: Full=Interleukin-12 subunit alpha; Short=IL-12A; AltName: Full=Cytotoxi...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">RecName: Full=Interleukin-12 subunit alpha; Short=IL-12A; AltName: Full=Cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 35 kDa subunit; Short=CLMF p35; AltName: Full=IL-12 subunit p35; AltName: Full=NK cell stimulatory factor chain 1; Short=NKSF1; Flags: Precursor<div class="brieflinkpopdesc">gi|20141534|sp|P29459.2|IL12A_HUMAN</div></div><div class="tertiary">Protein</div></li></ul><p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p><p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p><p id="turnOn" class="HTOff"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')">Turn recording back on</a></p><a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a></div></div></div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom content below discovery portlets -->
|
|
<div class="col7">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom content after all -->
|
|
<div class="col8">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="col9">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.scrollTo-1.4.2.js"></script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
(function($){
|
|
$('.skiplink').each(function(i, item){
|
|
var href = $($(item).attr('href'));
|
|
href.attr('tabindex', '-1').addClass('skiptarget'); // ensure the target can receive focus
|
|
$(item).on('click', function(event){
|
|
event.preventDefault();
|
|
$.scrollTo(href, 0, {
|
|
onAfter: function(){
|
|
href.focus();
|
|
}
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
})(jQuery);
|
|
</script>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="bottom">
|
|
|
|
<div id="NCBIFooter_dynamic">
|
|
<!--<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="breadcrumbs"/>
|
|
<component id="Breadcrumbs" label="helpdesk"/>-->
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="footer" id="footer">
|
|
<section class="icon-section">
|
|
<div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div>
|
|
<div class="grid-container container">
|
|
<div class="icon-section_container">
|
|
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
|
<defs>
|
|
<style>
|
|
.cls-11 {
|
|
fill: #737373;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
</defs>
|
|
<title>Twitter</title>
|
|
<path class="cls-11" d="M250.11,105.48c-7,3.14-13,3.25-19.27.14,8.12-4.86,8.49-8.27,11.43-17.46a78.8,78.8,0,0,1-25,9.55,39.35,39.35,0,0,0-67,35.85,111.6,111.6,0,0,1-81-41.08A39.37,39.37,0,0,0,81.47,145a39.08,39.08,0,0,1-17.8-4.92c0,.17,0,.33,0,.5a39.32,39.32,0,0,0,31.53,38.54,39.26,39.26,0,0,1-17.75.68,39.37,39.37,0,0,0,36.72,27.3A79.07,79.07,0,0,1,56,223.34,111.31,111.31,0,0,0,116.22,241c72.3,0,111.83-59.9,111.83-111.84,0-1.71,0-3.4-.1-5.09C235.62,118.54,244.84,113.37,250.11,105.48Z">
|
|
</path>
|
|
</svg></a>
|
|
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
|
<title>Facebook</title>
|
|
<path class="cls-11" d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z">
|
|
</path>
|
|
</svg></a>
|
|
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm" aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
|
<title>LinkedIn</title>
|
|
<path class="cls-11" d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z">
|
|
</path>
|
|
</svg></a>
|
|
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 300 300">
|
|
<defs>
|
|
<style>
|
|
.cls-11,
|
|
.cls-12 {
|
|
fill: #737373;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.cls-11 {
|
|
fill-rule: evenodd;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
</defs>
|
|
<title>GitHub</title>
|
|
<path class="cls-11" d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0">
|
|
</path>
|
|
<path class="cls-12" d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path>
|
|
</svg></a>
|
|
<a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" viewBox="0 0 40 40">
|
|
<defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs>
|
|
<title>NCBI Insights Blog</title>
|
|
<path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"></path>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<section class="container-fluid bg-primary">
|
|
<div class="container pt-5">
|
|
<div class="row mt-3">
|
|
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
|
|
<p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p>
|
|
<ul class="list-inline social_media">
|
|
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
|
.st20 {
|
|
fill: #FFFFFF;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.st30 {
|
|
fill: none;
|
|
stroke: #FFFFFF;
|
|
stroke-width: 8;
|
|
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
<title>Twitter</title>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<path class="st20" d="M192.9,88.1c-5,2.2-9.2,2.3-13.6,0.1c5.7-3.4,6-5.8,8.1-12.3c-5.4,3.2-11.4,5.5-17.6,6.7 c-10.5-11.2-28.1-11.7-39.2-1.2c-7.2,6.8-10.2,16.9-8,26.5c-22.3-1.1-43.1-11.7-57.2-29C58,91.6,61.8,107.9,74,116 c-4.4-0.1-8.7-1.3-12.6-3.4c0,0.1,0,0.2,0,0.4c0,13.2,9.3,24.6,22.3,27.2c-4.1,1.1-8.4,1.3-12.5,0.5c3.6,11.3,14,19,25.9,19.3 c-11.6,9.1-26.4,13.2-41.1,11.5c12.7,8.1,27.4,12.5,42.5,12.5c51,0,78.9-42.2,78.9-78.9c0-1.2,0-2.4-0.1-3.6 C182.7,97.4,189.2,93.7,192.9,88.1z"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</g>
|
|
<circle class="st30" cx="124.4" cy="128.8" r="108.2"></circle>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</svg></a></li>
|
|
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
|
.st10 {
|
|
fill: #FFFFFF;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.st110 {
|
|
fill: none;
|
|
stroke: #FFFFFF;
|
|
stroke-width: 8;
|
|
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
<title>Facebook</title>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<g>
|
|
<path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9 v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</g>
|
|
<circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</a></li>
|
|
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve">
|
|
<title>Youtube</title>
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
|
.st4 {
|
|
fill: none;
|
|
stroke: #FFFFFF;
|
|
stroke-width: 8;
|
|
stroke-miterlimit: 10;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.st5 {
|
|
fill: #FFFFFF;
|
|
}
|
|
</style>
|
|
<circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle>
|
|
<g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)">
|
|
<path class="st5" d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7 v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path>
|
|
</g>
|
|
</svg></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12">
|
|
<p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br />
|
|
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br />
|
|
Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
|
|
<p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br />
|
|
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br />
|
|
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg">
|
|
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br />
|
|
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br />
|
|
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="row">
|
|
<div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg">
|
|
<nav class="bottom-links">
|
|
<ul class="mt-3">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/rlib/js/InstrumentOmnitureBaseJS/InstrumentNCBIConfigJS/InstrumentNCBIBaseJS/InstrumentPageStarterJS.js?v=1"> </script>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/static/js/hfjs2.js"> </script>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!--/.page-->
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!--/.wrap-->
|
|
</div><!-- /.twelve_col -->
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- /.grid -->
|
|
|
|
<span class="PAFAppResources"></span>
|
|
|
|
<!-- BESelector tab -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<noscript><img alt="statistics" src="/stat?jsdisabled=true&ncbi_db=books&ncbi_pdid=book-part&ncbi_acc=NBK2327&ncbi_domain=coffeebrk&ncbi_report=classic&ncbi_type=fulltext&ncbi_objectid=&ncbi_pcid=/NBK2327/?report=classic&ncbi_pagename=Cytosolic help for mitochondrial defects - Coffee Break - NCBI Bookshelf&ncbi_bookparttype=chapter&ncbi_app=bookshelf" /></noscript>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- usually for JS scripts at page bottom -->
|
|
<!--<component id="PageFixtures" label="styles"></component>-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID /projects/books/PBooks@9.11 portal107 v4.1.r689238 Tue, Oct 22 2024 16:10:51 -->
|
|
<span id="portal-csrf-token" style="display:none" data-token="CE8B5AF87C7FFCB1_0191SID"></span>
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4216699/js/3879255/4121861/3501987/4008961/3893018/3821238/4062932/4209313/4212053/4076480/3921943/3400083/3426610.js" snapshot="books"></script></body>
|
|
</html> |