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yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK22258_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK22258_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><p>Immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM (HIM) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by the production of normal to increased amounts of IgM antibody of questionable quality and an inability to produce sufficient quantities of IgG and IgA. Individuals with HIM are susceptible to recurrent bacterial infections and are at an increased risk of autoimmune disorders and cancer at an early age.</p><p>In a normal immune response to a new antigen, B cells first produce IgM antibody. Later, the B cells switch to produce IgG, IgA and IgE, antibodies that protect tissues and mucosal surfaces more effectively. In the most common form of HIM there is a defect in the gene <i>TNFSF5</i>, found on chromosome X at q26. This gene normally produces a CD40 antigen ligand (CD154), a protein on T cells which binds to the CD40 receptor on B and other immune cells. Without CD154, B cells are unable to receive signals from T cells, and thus fail to switch antibody production to IgA and IgG. The absence of CD 40 signals between other immune cells makes individuals with HIM susceptible to infections by opportunistic organisms such as Pneumocystis and Cryptosporidium species. </p><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix ten_col fig" id="figHIGMFig" co-legend-rid="figlgndHIGMFig"><a href="/books/NBK22258/figure/HIGM_Fig/?report=objectonly" target="object" title="CD40 antigen ligand (CD154)" class="img_link icnblk_img figpopup" rid-figpopup="figHIGMFig" rid-ob="figobHIGMFig"><img class="small-thumb" src="/books/NBK22258/bin/higm.gif" src-large="/books/NBK22258/bin/higm.jpg" alt="CD40 antigen ligand (CD154). The gene TNFSF5 that codes for the protein CD154 above, (formerly CD40L) is mutated in HIM." /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt" id="figlgndHIGMFig"><h4 id="HIGM_Fig"><a href="/books/NBK22258/figure/HIGM_Fig/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobHIGMFig">CD40 antigen ligand (CD154)</a></h4><p class="float-caption no_bottom_margin">The gene <i>TNFSF5</i> that codes for the protein CD154 above, (formerly CD40L) is mutated in HIM. Mutations have been reported throughout the length of TNFSF5, but are most common in the regions that code for ligand binding (arrow), core structure and the subunit <a href="/books/NBK22258/figure/HIGM_Fig/?report=objectonly" target="object" rid-ob="figobHIGMFig">(more...)</a></p></div></div><p>Treatment of HIM mainly consists of regular IV replacement of the missing IgG antibodies and prompt treatment of infections. Long lasting immunity, however, cannot be maintained without a bone marrow transplant, which is done when a suitable donor is available.</p><div id="immunodeficiencywithhyperigm.disease-categories"><h2 id="_immunodeficiencywithhyperigm_disease-categories_">Related diseases</h2><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/A51/?report=reader">See other Diseases of the Immune System</a>
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK22258_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). Genes and Disease [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 1998-. Immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM.<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/gnd/huntingtondisease/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/gnd/leschnyhansyndrome/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article><article data-type="fig" id="figobHIGMFig"><div id="HIGM_Fig" class="figure bk_fig"><div class="graphic"><img data-src="/books/NBK22258/bin/higm.jpg" alt="CD40 antigen ligand (CD154). The gene TNFSF5 that codes for the protein CD154 above, (formerly CD40L) is mutated in HIM." /></div><h3><span class="label">CD40 antigen ligand (CD154)</span></h3><div class="caption"><p>The gene <i>TNFSF5</i> that codes for the protein CD154 above, (formerly CD40L) is mutated in HIM. Mutations have been reported throughout the length of TNFSF5, but are most common in the regions that code for ligand binding (arrow), core structure and the subunit interface.</p><p><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK22258/bin/cn3d.jpg" alt="CD40 antigen ligand (CD154). The gene TNFSF5 that codes for the protein CD154 above, (formerly CD40L) is mutated in HIM." /></div>To see the <a href="/books/NBK22258/bin/cd154.prt">interactive version</a> of this figure requires <a href="/Structure/CN3D/cn3d.shtml" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cn3D</a>, a three-dimensional structure viewer.</p></div></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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