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yet</button><a id="jr-fip-next" class="wsprkl btn" title="Jump to next match">▶</a></nav></nav></div><div id="jr-epub-interstitial" class="hidden"></div><div id="jr-content"><article data-type="main"><div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK22231_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Glands and Hormones</span></h1><p class="fm-aai"><a href="#_NBK22231_pubdet_">Publication Details</a></p></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK22231/bin/gland.jpg" alt="Image gland.jpg" /></div><p>The endocrine system is a complex collection of hormone-producing glands that
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control basic body functions such as metabolism, growth and sexual development.
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The endocrine glands consist of: pineal; pituitary; thyroid and parathyroids;
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thymus; adrenals; pancreas; ovaries (female); and testes (male).</p><p>Hormones are the chemical signaling molecules produced by the endocrine glands
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and secreted directly into the bloodstream. They travel through the blood to distant
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tissues and organs, where they can bind to specific cell sites called receptors.
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By binding to receptors, hormones trigger various responses in the tissues containing
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the receptors.</p><p>In addition to the classical endocrine organs, many other cells in the body secrete
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hormones. Myocytes in the atria of the heart and scattered epithelial cells in the
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stomach and small intestine are examples of what is sometimes called the "diffuse"
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endocrine system. If the term hormone is defined broadly to include all secreted
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chemical messengers, then virtually all cells can be considered part of the endocrine
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system.</p><p>Advances in molecular genetics have led to a greatly strengthened understanding
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of the mechanisms of certain of the hereditary endocrine disorders. This section
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of genes and disease focuses on disorders for which the primary gene defect has
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been characterized or recently identified.</p></div><div id="A41.diseases"><h2 id="_A41_diseases_">Diseases</h2><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/adrenalhyperplasiacongenital/?report=reader">Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/adrenoleukodystrophy/?report=reader">Adrenoleukodystrophy</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/autoimmunepolyglandularsyndrome/?report=reader">Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/breastandovariancancer/?report=reader">Breast and ovarian cancer</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/cockaynesyndrome/?report=reader">Cockayne syndrome</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/diabetestype1/?report=reader">Diabetes, type 1</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/diastrophicdysplasia/?report=reader">Diastrophic dysplasia</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/multipleendocrineneoplasia/?report=reader">Multiple endocrine neoplasia</a>
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</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/pendredsyndrome/?report=reader">Pendred syndrome</a>
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</div></li></ul></div><div id="bk_toc_contnr"></div></div></div><div class="fm-sec"><h2 id="_NBK22231_pubdet_">Publication Details</h2><h3>Copyright</h3><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div><h3>Publisher</h3><p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>, Bethesda (MD)</p><h3>NLM Citation</h3><p>National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). Genes and Disease [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 1998-. Glands and Hormones.<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></p></div><div class="small-screen-prev"><a href="/books/n/gnd/A39/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M75,30 c-80,60 -80,0 0,60 c-30,-60 -30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Prev</text></svg></a></div><div class="small-screen-next"><a href="/books/n/gnd/A46/?report=reader"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"><path d="M25,30c80,60 80,0 0,60 c30,-60 30,0 0,-60"></path><text x="20" y="28" textLength="60" style="font-size:25px">Next</text></svg></a></div></article></div><div id="jr-scripts"><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/libs.min.js"> </script><script src="/corehtml/pmc/jatsreader/ptpmc_3.22/js/jr.min.js"> </script></div></div>
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