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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_inbook_title" content="Genes and Disease [Internet]" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Alzheimer disease" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="1998" /><meta name="citation_author" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22170/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="Alzheimer disease" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Contributor" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="1998" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22170/" /><meta name="description" content="Alzheimer disease (AD) is the fourth leading cause of death in adults. The incidence of the disease rises steeply with age. AD is twice as common in women than in men, although former president Ronald Reagan is a well known disease sufferer. Some of the most frequently observed symptoms of the disease include a progressive inability to remember facts and events and, later, to recognize friends and family." /><meta name="og:title" content="Alzheimer disease" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="Alzheimer disease (AD) is the fourth leading cause of death in adults. The incidence of the disease rises steeply with age. AD is twice as common in women than in men, although former president Ronald Reagan is a well known disease sufferer. Some of the most frequently observed symptoms of the disease include a progressive inability to remember facts and events and, later, to recognize friends and family." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22170/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-gnd-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/gnd/alzheimerdisease/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22170/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} .body-content h2, .body-content .h2 {border-bottom: 1px solid #97B0C8} .body-content h2.inline {border-bottom: none} a.page-toc-label , .jig-ncbismoothscroll a {text-decoration:none;border:0 !important} .temp-labeled-list .graphic {display:inline-block !important} .temp-labeled-list img{width:100%}</style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/large-obj-scrollbars.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script><meta name="book-collection" content="NONE" />
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). Genes and Disease [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 1998-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/gnd/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-gnd-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Genes and Disease" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>Genes and Disease [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK22170_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK22170_dtls__"><div>National Center for Biotechnology Information (US).</div><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>; 1998-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li style="margin-right:1em"><a class="bk_cntns" href="/books/n/gnd/">Contents</a></li></ul></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/gnd/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div><div class="icnblk_cntnt two_col"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><a class="active page_link prev" href="/books/n/gnd/alportsyndrome/" title="Previous page in this title">< Prev</a><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/gnd/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK22170_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Alzheimer disease</span></h1></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div class="graphic"><img src="/books/NBK22170/bin/Alzheimer.jpg" alt="Image Alzheimer.jpg" /></div><p>Alzheimer disease (AD) is the fourth leading cause of death in adults. The incidence of the disease rises steeply with age. AD is twice as common in women than in men, although former president Ronald Reagan is a well known disease sufferer. Some of the most frequently observed symptoms of the disease include a progressive inability to remember facts and events and, later, to recognize friends and family.</p><p>AD tends to run in families; currently, mutations in four genes, situated on chromosomes 1, 14, 19, and 21, are believed to play a role in the disease. The best-characterized of these are PS1 (or AD3) on chromosome 14 and PS2 (or AD4) on chromosome 1. The formation of lesions made of fragmented brain cells surrounded by amyloid-family proteins are characteristic of the disease. Interestingly, these lesions and their associated proteins are closely related to similar structures found in Down Syndrome. Tangles of filaments largely made up of a protein associated with the cytoskeleton have also been observed in samples taken from Alzheimer brain tissue.</p><p>Currently, scientists are studying the interrelationship between the various gene loci (particularly the mutation on chromosome 21) and how environmental factors could effect a person's susceptibility to AD. Recently, use of a mouse model of the disease identified an enzyme that may be responsible for the increase in amyloid production characteristic of AD. If a way to regulate this enzyme could be found, then AD may be slowed or halted in some people.</p><div id="alzheimerdisease.disease-categories"><h2 id="_alzheimerdisease_disease-categories_">Related diseases</h2><ul class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>
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<a href="/books/n/gnd/A75/">See other Diseases of the Nervous System</a>
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<div id="ncbi_share_book"><a href="#" class="ncbi_share" data-ncbi_share_config="popup:false,shorten:true" ref="id=NBK22170&db=books">Share</a></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK22170/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK22170/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK22170" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK22170" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). Genes and Disease [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 1998-. Alzheimer disease.<span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="/books/NBK22170/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK22170.pdf">PDF version of this page</a> (55K)</li><li><a href="/books/n/gnd/pdf/">PDF version of this title</a> (3.6M)</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Gene sequence</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li>
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<a href="/mapview/map_search.cgi?chr=hum_chr.inf&query=alzheimer" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Genome view</a> see gene locations</li><li>
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<a href="/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=gene&details_term=%28%28alzheimer%5BDisease%20or%20phenotype%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%29" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Entrez Gene</a> collection of gene-related information</li><li>
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<a href="/sutils/blink.cgi?pid=4506163&org=1" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">BLink</a> related sequences in different organisms </li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>The literature</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li>
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=PubMed&details_term=alzheimer%20AND%20%22pubmed%20pmc%22%5BFilter%5D" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Research articles</a> online full text</li><li>
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=books&details_term=alzheimer" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Books</a> online books section</li><li>
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<a href="/omim/104300" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=term&targettype=omim">OMIM</a> catalog of human genes and disorders</li><li>
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<a href="/books/n/gene/alzheimer/">GeneReviews</a> a medical genetics resource</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Websites</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li>
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<a href="http://www.alz.org/" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Alzheimer's Association</a> or call 1-800-272-3900</li><li>
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<a href="http://www.alzheimers.org/" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Alzheimer's Disease Education and Referral Center</a> a service of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health</li><li>
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<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alzheimersdisease.html" ref="pagearea=document-links&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">MEDLINE<i>plus</i></a> links on Alzheimer's disease compiled by the National Library of Medicine</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=omim&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_omim&IdsFromResult=1930388" ref="log$=recordlinks">OMIM</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related OMIM records</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" class="HTOn">Turn Off</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')" class="HTOff">Turn On</a></div><ul id="activity"><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c831d76d1ec11b6fb27176">Alzheimer disease - Genes and Disease</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Alzheimer disease - Genes and Disease<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_qry two_line"><a class="htb" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c831cfd5edb449bf973d05">Gene Links for Books (Select 1471612) <span class="number">(1)</span></a><div class="tertiary">Gene</div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c831cf6d1ec11b6fb24534">ALMS1 ALMS1 centrosome and basal body associated protein [Homo sapiens]</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">ALMS1 ALMS1 centrosome and basal body associated protein [Homo sapiens]<div class="brieflinkpopdesc">Gene ID:7840</div></div><div class="tertiary">Gene</div></li><li class="ra_qry two_line"><a class="htb" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c831ccd5edb449bf972596">OMIM Links for Books (Select 1471612) <span class="number">(2)</span></a><div class="tertiary">OMIM</div></li><li class="ra_qry two_line"><a class="htb" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67c831cc6d1ec11b6fb231bd">PMC Links for Books (Select 1471612) <span class="number">(31)</span></a><div class="tertiary">PMC</div></li></ul><p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p><p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p><p id="turnOn" class="HTOff"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')">Turn recording back on</a></p><a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a></div></div></div>
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