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<meta name="robots" content="INDEX,FOLLOW,NOARCHIVE" /><meta name="citation_title" content="The NCBI Handbook" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2013" /><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143764/" /><link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="DC.Title" content="The NCBI Handbook" /><meta name="DC.Type" content="Text" /><meta name="DC.Publisher" content="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" /><meta name="DC.Date" content="2013" /><meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143764/" /><meta name="description" content="The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a division of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the U.S. National Institutes of Health, is a leader in the field of bioinformatics; it studies computational approaches to fundamental questions in biology and provides online delivery of biomedical information and bioinformatics tools. NCBI hosts approximately 40 online literature and molecular biology databases—including PubMed, PubMed Central, and GenBank—that serve millions of users around the world. The second edition of the NCBI Handbook, released in November 2013 in conjunction with the 25th anniversary of NCBI, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the breadth of informatics resources at NCBI, and an in-depth account of the scope, data, infrastructure, processing, and access for each major database or resource. The databases and resources are organized here into seven concept areas: literature, genomes, variation, health, genes and gene expression, nucleotide, proteins, and small molecules and biological assays. Three additional categories encompass tools, infrastructure, and metadata. Each concept area begins with an overview chapter that provides a contextual framework for the resources discussed under that concept; the overview is followed by separate chapters that cover individual databases or resources." /><meta name="og:title" content="The NCBI Handbook" /><meta name="og:type" content="book" /><meta name="og:description" content="The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a division of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the U.S. National Institutes of Health, is a leader in the field of bioinformatics; it studies computational approaches to fundamental questions in biology and provides online delivery of biomedical information and bioinformatics tools. NCBI hosts approximately 40 online literature and molecular biology databases—including PubMed, PubMed Central, and GenBank—that serve millions of users around the world. The second edition of the NCBI Handbook, released in November 2013 in conjunction with the 25th anniversary of NCBI, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the breadth of informatics resources at NCBI, and an in-depth account of the scope, data, infrastructure, processing, and access for each major database or resource. The databases and resources are organized here into seven concept areas: literature, genomes, variation, health, genes and gene expression, nucleotide, proteins, and small molecules and biological assays. Three additional categories encompass tools, infrastructure, and metadata. Each concept area begins with an overview chapter that provides a contextual framework for the resources discussed under that concept; the overview is followed by separate chapters that cover individual databases or resources." /><meta name="og:url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143764/" /><meta name="og:site_name" content="NCBI Bookshelf" /><meta name="og:image" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-handbook2e-lrg.png" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncbibooks" /><meta name="bk-non-canon-loc" content="/books/n/handbook2e/toc/" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143764/" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/figpopup.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books.min.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/corehtml/pmc/css/bookshelf/2.26/css/books_print.min.css" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css">p a.figpopup{display:inline !important} .bk_tt {font-family: monospace} .first-line-outdent .bk_ref {display: inline} </style><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/common.min.js?_=3.18"> </script><script type="text/javascript">window.name="mainwindow";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/book-toc.min.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript" src="/corehtml/pmc/js/bookshelf/2.26/books.min.js"> </script>
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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-handbook2e-lrg.png" alt="Cover of The NCBI Handbook" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK143764_"><span itemprop="name">The NCBI Handbook</span>, <span itemprop="bookEdition">2nd</span> edition</h1><div class="half_rhythm">Bethesda (MD): <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">2013</span>-.</div><div><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright Notice</a></div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div itemprop="description"><p>The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a division of the National
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Library of Medicine (NLM) at the U.S. National Institutes of Health, is a leader in
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the field of bioinformatics; it studies computational approaches to fundamental
|
|
questions in biology and provides online delivery of biomedical information and
|
|
bioinformatics tools. NCBI hosts approximately 40 online literature and molecular
|
|
biology databases—including PubMed, PubMed Central, and GenBank—that
|
|
serve millions of users around the world. The second edition of the NCBI Handbook,
|
|
released in November 2013 in conjunction with the 25th anniversary of NCBI, aims to
|
|
provide a comprehensive overview of the breadth of informatics resources at NCBI,
|
|
and an in-depth account of the scope, data, infrastructure, processing, and access
|
|
for each major database or resource. The databases and resources are organized here
|
|
into seven concept areas: literature, genomes, variation, health, genes and gene expression, nucleotide, proteins, and small molecules and biological assays. Three
|
|
additional categories encompass tools, infrastructure, and metadata. Each concept
|
|
area begins with an overview chapter that provides a contextual framework for the
|
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resources discussed under that concept; the overview is followed by separate
|
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chapters that cover individual databases or resources.</p><p>As with the first edition, The NCBI Handbook 2nd Edition is geared towards advanced
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users of NCBI resources to provide an understanding of how bioinformatics resources
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at NCBI work. It is not a step-by-step user manual but complements NCBI user guides,
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tutorials, help information, and other existing documentation. It is our intent that
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the handbook will reflect, to the extent possible, the current state of databases,
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resources, and tools at NCBI, with information updated periodically.</p></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul id="toc_tllNBK143764_toc_editors" class="simple-list toc toc-toggle"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_editors"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/editors/">Editors and Reviewers</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_fm_history"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/fm.history/">A Brief History of NCBI’s Formation and Growth</a><div>Kent Smith.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Literature"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Literature/">Literature</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Literature" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutLiterature"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutLiterature/">NCBI Literature Resources</a><div>Ed Sequeira.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_AboutLiterature" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutLiterature_Introduction"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutLiterature/#AboutLiterature.Introduction">Introduction</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NLMCatalog"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NLMCatalog/">NLM Catalog</a><div>Sarah Weis.</div><div class="small">Created: February 21, 2013; Last Update: July 19, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_NLMCatalog" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NLMCatalog_History_and_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NLMCatalog/#NLMCatalog.History_and_Scope">History and Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NLMCatalog_Data_Sources"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NLMCatalog/#NLMCatalog.Data_Sources">Data Sources</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NLMCatalog_Using_the_NLM_Catalog"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NLMCatalog/#NLMCatalog.Using_the_NLM_Catalog">Using the NLM Catalog</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NLMCatalog_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NLMCatalog/#NLMCatalog.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/">PubMed: The Bibliographic Database</a><div>Kathi Canese and Sarah Weis.</div><div class="small">Created: October 9, 2002; Last Update: March 20, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_PubMed" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_Summary"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.Summary">Summary</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_Data_Sources"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.Data_Sources">Data Sources</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_Electronic_Data_Submission"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.Electronic_Data_Submission">Electronic Data Submission</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_Database_Management_and_Hardware"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.Database_Management_and_Hardware">Database Management and Hardware</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_Indexing"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.Indexing">Indexing</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_How_PubMed_Queries_Are_Processed"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.How_PubMed_Queries_Are_Processed">How PubMed Queries Are Processed</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_Using_PubMed"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.Using_PubMed">Using PubMed</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_Additional_PubMed_Features"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.Additional_PubMed_Features">Additional PubMed Features</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_Results"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.Results">Results</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_How_to_Create_Hyperlinks_to_PubMe"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.How_to_Create_Hyperlinks_to_PubMe">How to Create Hyperlinks to PubMed</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubMed_Customer_Support"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubMed/#PubMed.Customer_Support">Customer Support</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PMC"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PMC/">PubMed Central</a><div>Chris Maloney, Ed Sequeira, Christopher Kelly, Rebecca Orris, and Jeffrey Beck.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013; Last Update: December 5, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_PMC" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PMC_Overview_of_PMC"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PMC/#PMC.Overview_of_PMC">Overview of PMC</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PMC_Architecture_Overview"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PMC/#PMC.Architecture_Overview">Architecture Overview</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PMC_Ingest"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PMC/#PMC.Ingest">Ingest</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PMC_Retrieval__Data_Processing"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PMC/#PMC.Retrieval__Data_Processing">Retrieval / Data Processing</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PMC_Rendering"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PMC/#PMC.Rendering">Rendering</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PMC_PMCI"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PMC/#PMC.PMCI">PMCI</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PMC_Other_Tools_and_Utilities"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PMC/#PMC.Other_Tools_and_Utilities">Other Tools and Utilities</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PMC_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PMC/#PMC.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Bookshelf"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Bookshelf/">Bookshelf</a><div>Marilu Hoeppner, Martin Latterner, and Karanjit Siyan.</div><div class="small">Created: March 18, 2013; Last Update: November 4, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Bookshelf" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Bookshelf_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Bookshelf/#Bookshelf.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Bookshelf_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Bookshelf/#Bookshelf.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Bookshelf_The_Collection_and_Content"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Bookshelf/#Bookshelf.The_Collection_and_Content">The Collection and Content</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Bookshelf_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Bookshelf/#Bookshelf.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Bookshelf_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Bookshelf/#Bookshelf.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Bookshelf_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Bookshelf/#Bookshelf.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Bookshelf_Related_Resources"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Bookshelf/#Bookshelf.Related_Resources">Related Resources</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Bookshelf_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Bookshelf/#Bookshelf.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_JATS"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/JATS/">NLM DTD to NISO JATS Z39.96-2012</a><div>Jeffrey Beck and Laura Randall.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_JATS" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_JATS_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/JATS/#JATS.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_JATS_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/JATS/#JATS.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_JATS_The_NLM_DTDs"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/JATS/#JATS.The_NLM_DTDs">The NLM DTDs</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_JATS_Involvement_of_NISO"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/JATS/#JATS.Involvement_of_NISO">Involvement of NISO</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_JATS_The_Standard_and_the_Supporting_Inf"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/JATS/#JATS.The_Standard_and_the_Supporting_Inf">The Standard and the Supporting Information</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_JATS_The_Future_of_JATS"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/JATS/#JATS.The_Future_of_JATS">The Future of JATS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_JATS_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/JATS/#JATS.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NIHMS/">The NIH Manuscript Submission System</a><div>Abigail Acland.</div><div class="small">Created: March 15, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS_Summary"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NIHMS/#NIHMS.Summary">Summary</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NIHMS/#NIHMS.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS_Ingest"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NIHMS/#NIHMS.Ingest">Ingest</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS_Ingest_QA"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NIHMS/#NIHMS.Ingest_QA">Ingest QA</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS_Conversion"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NIHMS/#NIHMS.Conversion">Conversion</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS_XML_in_NIHMS"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NIHMS/#NIHMS.XML_in_NIHMS">XML in NIHMS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS_QA_of_Converted_Materials"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NIHMS/#NIHMS.QA_of_Converted_Materials">QA of Converted Materials</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS_Additional_Processing"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NIHMS/#NIHMS.Additional_Processing">Additional Processing</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_NIHMS_Reporting_Systems_And_NIHMS"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/NIHMS/#NIHMS.Reporting_Systems_And_NIHMS">Reporting Systems And NIHMS</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Genomes/">Genomes</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Genomes" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGenomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGenomes/">What’s in a Genome at NCBI?</a><div>James Ostell.</div><div class="small">Created: November 8, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_AboutGenomes" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGenomes_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGenomes/#AboutGenomes.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGenomes_What_is_a_Genome"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGenomes/#AboutGenomes.What_is_a_Genome">What is a Genome?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGenomes_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGenomes/#AboutGenomes.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGenomes_Resources_Tools_and_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGenomes/#AboutGenomes.Resources_Tools_and_Access">Resources, Tools, and Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGenomes_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGenomes/#AboutGenomes.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenBank_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenBank/">GenBank</a><div>Ilene Mizrachi.</div><div class="small">Created: November 12, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_GenBank_Genomes" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenBank_Scope_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenBank/#GenBank.Scope">Scope</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/">Protein Clusters</a><div>Tatiana Tatusova, Leonid Zaslavsky, Boris Fedorov, Diana Haddad, Anjana Vatsan, Danso Ako-adjei, Olga Blinkova, and Hassan Ghazal.</div><div class="small">Created: September 14, 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Genomes" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Scope_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_History_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Data_Model_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Clustering_Methods_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Clustering_Methods">Clustering Methods</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Dataflow_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Manual_Curation_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Manual_Curation">Manual Curation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Cluster_Display_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Cluster_Display">Cluster Display</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Access_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Related_Tools_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_References_Genomes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Eukaryotes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Eukaryotes/">Eukaryotes</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Eukaryotes" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Clone"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Clone/">Clone</a><div>Valerie Schneider.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Clone" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Clone_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Clone/#Clone.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Clone_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Clone/#Clone.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Clone_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Clone/#Clone.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Clone_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Clone/#Clone.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Clone_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Clone/#Clone.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Clone_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Clone/#Clone.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Clone_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Clone/#Clone.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenomeReferenceConsortium"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenomeReferenceConsortium/">Genome Reference Consortium</a><div>Valerie Schneider and Deanna Church.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_GenomeReferenceConsortium" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenomeReferenceConsortium_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenomeReferenceConsortium/#GenomeReferenceConsortium.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenomeReferenceConsortium_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenomeReferenceConsortium/#GenomeReferenceConsortium.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenomeReferenceConsortium_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenomeReferenceConsortium/#GenomeReferenceConsortium.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenomeReferenceConsortium_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenomeReferenceConsortium/#GenomeReferenceConsortium.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenomeReferenceConsortium_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenomeReferenceConsortium/#GenomeReferenceConsortium.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenomeReferenceConsortium_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenomeReferenceConsortium/#GenomeReferenceConsortium.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenomeReferenceConsortium_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenomeReferenceConsortium/#GenomeReferenceConsortium.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline/">Eukaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline</a><div>Françoise Thibaud-Nissen, Alexander Souvorov, Terence Murphy, Michael DiCuccio, and Paul Kitts.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#EukaryoticAnnotationPipeline.References">References</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Prokaryotes"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Prokaryotes/">Prokaryotes</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Prokaryotes" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing/">About Prokaryotic Genome Processing and Tools</a><div>Tatiana Tatusova, Stacy Ciufo, Boris Fedorov, Kathleen O’Neill, Igor Tolstoy, and Leonid Zaslavsky.</div><div class="small">Created: January 23, 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing/#AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing/#AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing_Data_Mo"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing/#AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing.Data_Mo">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing_Dataflo"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing/#AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing.Dataflo">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing/#AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing_Related"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing/#AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing.Related">Related Tools and Resources</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing_Referen"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing/#AboutProkaryoticGenomeProcessing.Referen">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/">Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline</a><div>Tatiana Tatusova, Mike DiCuccio, Azat Badretdin, Vyacheslav Chetvernin, Stacy Ciufo, and Wenjun Li.</div><div class="small">Created: December 10, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_Annotation"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.Annotation">Annotation Standards</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_GenBank_Su"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.GenBank_Su">GenBank Submission Service</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_RefSeq_Gen"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.RefSeq_Gen">RefSeq Genome Annotations</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_Autonomous"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.Autonomous">Autonomous Protein Records</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_Data_Acces"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.Data_Acces">Data Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_Reannotati"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.Reannotati">Re-annotation Consortium</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_Related_To"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.Related_To">Related Tools and Resources</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline/#ProkaryoticAnnotationPipeline.References">References</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Viruses"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Viruses/">Viruses</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Viruses" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusGenomeProcessingandTools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusGenomeProcessingandTools/">About Viral and Phage Genome Processing and Tools</a><div>Yiming Bao, J. Rodney Brister, Olga Blinkova, Danso Ako-adjei, and Chetvernin Vyacheslav.</div><div class="small">Created: March 30, 2013; Last Update: May 10, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_VirusGenomeProcessingandTools" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusGenomeProcessingandTools_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusGenomeProcessingandTools/#VirusGenomeProcessingandTools.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusGenomeProcessingandTools_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusGenomeProcessingandTools/#VirusGenomeProcessingandTools.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusGenomeProcessingandTools_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusGenomeProcessingandTools/#VirusGenomeProcessingandTools.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusGenomeProcessingandTools_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusGenomeProcessingandTools/#VirusGenomeProcessingandTools.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusGenomeProcessingandTools_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusGenomeProcessingandTools/#VirusGenomeProcessingandTools.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusGenomeProcessingandTools_Related_To"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusGenomeProcessingandTools/#VirusGenomeProcessingandTools.Related_To">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusGenomeProcessingandTools_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusGenomeProcessingandTools/#VirusGenomeProcessingandTools.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusVariation"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusVariation/">Virus Variation</a><div>J. Rodney Brister and Yiming Bao.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_VirusVariation" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusVariation_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusVariation/#VirusVariation.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusVariation_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusVariation/#VirusVariation.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusVariation_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusVariation/#VirusVariation.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusVariation_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusVariation/#VirusVariation.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusVariation_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusVariation/#VirusVariation.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_VirusVariation_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/VirusVariation/#VirusVariation.References">References</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Variation"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Variation/">Variation</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Variation" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutVariation"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutVariation/">Variation Overview</a><div>Deanna Church, Stephen Sherry, Lon Phan, Minghong Ward, Melissa Landrum, and Donna Maglott.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_AboutVariation" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutVariation_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutVariation/#AboutVariation.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutVariation_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutVariation/#AboutVariation.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutVariation_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutVariation/#AboutVariation.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutVariation_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutVariation/#AboutVariation.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutVariation_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutVariation/#AboutVariation.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutVariation_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutVariation/#AboutVariation.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbGaP/">The Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) and PheGenI</a><div>Kimberly A Tryka, Luning Hao, Anne Sturcke, Yumi Jin, Masato Kimura, Zhen Y Wang, Lora Ziyabari, Moira Lee, and Michael Feolo.</div><div class="small">Created: August 15, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbGaP/#dbGaP.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbGaP/#dbGaP.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbGaP/#dbGaP.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbGaP/#dbGaP.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbGaP/#dbGaP.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP_dbGaP_Authorized_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbGaP/#dbGaP.dbGaP_Authorized_Access">dbGaP Authorized Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbGaP/#dbGaP.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbGaP/#dbGaP.References">References</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbGaP_Appendix__Phenotype_Quality_Contro"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbGaP/#dbGaP.Appendix__Phenotype_Quality_Contro">Appendix – Phenotype Quality Control</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbSNP"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbSNP/">The Database of Short Genetic Variation (dbSNP)</a><div>Adrienne Kitts, Lon Phan, Minghong Ward, and John Bradley Holmes.</div><div class="small">Created: June 30, 2013; Last Update: April 3, 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_dbSNP" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbSNP_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbSNP/#dbSNP.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbSNP_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbSNP/#dbSNP.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbSNP_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbSNP/#dbSNP.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbSNP_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbSNP/#dbSNP.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbSNP_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbSNP/#dbSNP.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbSNP_Related_Tools_and_Studies"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbSNP/#dbSNP.Related_Tools_and_Studies">Related Tools and Studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbSNP_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbSNP/#dbSNP.References">References</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbSNP_Appendices"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbSNP/#dbSNP.Appendices">Appendices</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbVar"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbVar/">dbVar</a><div>Adrienne Kitts, Deanna Church, Tim Hefferon, and Lon Phan.</div><div class="small">Created: October 26, 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_dbVar" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbVar_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbVar/#dbVar.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbVar_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbVar/#dbVar.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbVar_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbVar/#dbVar.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbVar_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbVar/#dbVar.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbVar_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbVar/#dbVar.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbVar_Related_Tools_and_Studies"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbVar/#dbVar.Related_Tools_and_Studies">Related Tools and Studies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_dbVar_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/dbVar/#dbVar.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/">ClinVar</a><div>Melissa Landrum, Jennifer Lee, George Riley, Wonhee Jang, Wendy Rubinstein, Deanna Church, and Donna Maglott.</div><div class="small">Created: November 21, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_FTP"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.FTP">FTP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_EUtilities"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.EUtilities">E-Utilities</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.References">References</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Health/">Health</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Health" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_MedGen"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/MedGen/">MedGen</a><div>Maryam Halavi, Donna Maglott, Viatcheslav Gorelenkov, and Wendy Rubinstein.</div><div class="small">Created: May 28, 2013; Last Update: December 11, 2018.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_MedGen" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_MedGen_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/MedGen/#MedGen.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_MedGen_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/MedGen/#MedGen.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_MedGen_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/MedGen/#MedGen.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_MedGen_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/MedGen/#MedGen.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_MedGen_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/MedGen/#MedGen.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_MedGen_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/MedGen/#MedGen.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/">ClinVar</a><div>Melissa Landrum, Jennifer Lee, George Riley, Wonhee Jang, Wendy Rubinstein, Deanna Church, and Donna Maglott.</div><div class="small">Created: November 21, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Health" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Scope_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_History_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Data_Model_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Dataflow_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Access_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_FTP_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.FTP">FTP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_EUtilities_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.EUtilities">E-Utilities</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_Related_Tools_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ClinVar_References_Health"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ClinVar/#ClinVar.References">References</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Genes_Gene_Expression"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Genes.Gene.Expression/">Genes and Gene Expression</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Genes_Gene_Expression" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGeneExpression"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGeneExpression/">Genes and Gene Expression</a><div>Donna Maglott, Tanya Barrett, Terence Murphy, Michael Feolo, Lukas Wagner, and Richa Agarwala.</div><div class="small">Created: November 7, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_AboutGeneExpression" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGeneExpression_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGeneExpression/#AboutGeneExpression.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGeneExpression_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGeneExpression/#AboutGeneExpression.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGeneExpression_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGeneExpression/#AboutGeneExpression.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGeneExpression_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGeneExpression/#AboutGeneExpression.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutGeneExpression_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutGeneExpression/#AboutGeneExpression.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GEO"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GEO/">Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)</a><div>Tanya Barrett.</div><div class="small">Created: May 19, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_GEO" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GEO_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GEO/#GEO.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GEO_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GEO/#GEO.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GEO_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GEO/#GEO.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GEO_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GEO/#GEO.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GEO_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GEO/#GEO.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GEO_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GEO/#GEO.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Gene"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Gene/">Gene</a><div>Donna Maglott, PhD, Kim Pruitt, PhD, Tatiana Tatusova, PhD, and Terence Murphy, PhD.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Gene" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Gene_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Gene/#Gene.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Gene_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Gene/#Gene.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Gene_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Gene/#Gene.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Gene_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Gene/#Gene.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Gene_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Gene/#Gene.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Gene_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Gene/#Gene.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Gene_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Gene/#Gene.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Unigene"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Unigene/">UniGene</a><div>Lukas Wagner and Richa Agarwala.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Unigene" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Unigene_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Unigene/#Unigene.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Unigene_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Unigene/#Unigene.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Unigene_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Unigene/#Unigene.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Unigene_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Unigene/#Unigene.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Unigene_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Unigene/#Unigene.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Unigene_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Unigene/#Unigene.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Unigene_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Unigene/#Unigene.References">References</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Nucleotide"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Nucleotide/">Nucleotide</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Nucleotide" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenBank"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenBank/">GenBank</a><div>Ilene Mizrachi.</div><div class="small">Created: November 12, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_GenBank" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_GenBank_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/GenBank/#GenBank.Scope">Scope</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Protein"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Protein/">Protein</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Protein" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProtein"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProtein/">NCBI Protein Resources</a><div>Eric Sayers.</div><div class="small">Created: November 12, 2013; Last Update: November 21, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_AboutProtein" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProtein_Introduction"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProtein/#AboutProtein.Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProtein_Protein"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProtein/#AboutProtein.Protein">Protein</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProtein_Structure"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProtein/#AboutProtein.Structure">Structure</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProtein_Conserved_Domains_CDD"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProtein/#AboutProtein.Conserved_Domains_CDD">Conserved Domains (CDD)</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutProtein_Protein_Clusters"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutProtein/#AboutProtein.Protein_Clusters">Protein Clusters</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/">Protein Clusters</a><div>Tatiana Tatusova, Leonid Zaslavsky, Boris Fedorov, Diana Haddad, Anjana Vatsan, Danso Ako-adjei, Olga Blinkova, and Hassan Ghazal.</div><div class="small">Created: September 14, 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Clustering_Methods"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Clustering_Methods">Clustering Methods</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Manual_Curation"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Manual_Curation">Manual Curation</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Cluster_Display"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Cluster_Display">Cluster Display</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_ProteinClusters_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/ProteinClusters/#ProteinClusters.References">References</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Small_Molecules"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Small.Molecules/">Small Molecules and Biological Assays</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Small_Molecules" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutSmallMolecules"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutSmallMolecules/">Small Molecules and Biological Activities</a><div>Rana Morris.</div><div class="small">Created: December 9, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_AboutSmallMolecules" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutSmallMolecules_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutSmallMolecules/#AboutSmallMolecules.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutSmallMolecules_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutSmallMolecules/#AboutSmallMolecules.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutSmallMolecules_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutSmallMolecules/#AboutSmallMolecules.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutSmallMolecules_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutSmallMolecules/#AboutSmallMolecules.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutSmallMolecules_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutSmallMolecules/#AboutSmallMolecules.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_AboutSmallMolecules_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/AboutSmallMolecules/#AboutSmallMolecules.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/">NCBI PubChem BioAssay Database</a><div>Yanli Wang and Stephen H Bryant.</div><div class="small">Created: March 14, 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/#PubChemBioAssay.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay_PubChem_BioAssay_Standar"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/#PubChemBioAssay.PubChem_BioAssay_Standar">PubChem BioAssay Standard & Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay_Tracking_BioAssay_Update"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/#PubChemBioAssay.Tracking_BioAssay_Update">Tracking BioAssay Update</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay_PubChem_BioAssay_Data_Sp"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/#PubChemBioAssay.PubChem_BioAssay_Data_Sp">PubChem BioAssay Data Specification</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay_Assay_Neighboring_and_Re"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/#PubChemBioAssay.Assay_Neighboring_and_Re">Assay Neighboring and Related BioAssays</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay_Public_Access_Search_and"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/#PubChemBioAssay.Public_Access_Search_and">Public Access, Search, and FTP site</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay_BioAssay_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/#PubChemBioAssay.BioAssay_Tools">BioAssay Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay_BioAssay_Submissions_and"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/#PubChemBioAssay.BioAssay_Submissions_and">BioAssay Submissions and Updates</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay_Summary"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/#PubChemBioAssay.Summary">Summary</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_PubChemBioAssay_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/PubChemBioAssay/#PubChemBioAssay.References">References</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Tools/">Tools</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Tools" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BLAST"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BLAST/">The BLAST Sequence Analysis Tool</a><div>Thomas Madden.</div><div class="small">Created: March 15, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_BLAST" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BLAST_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BLAST/#BLAST.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BLAST_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BLAST/#BLAST.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BLAST_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BLAST/#BLAST.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BLAST_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BLAST/#BLAST.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BLAST_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BLAST/#BLAST.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BLAST_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BLAST/#BLAST.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BLAST_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BLAST/#BLAST.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Entrez"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Entrez/">The Entrez Search and Retrieval System</a><div>Jim Ostell.</div><div class="small">Created: October 9, 2002; Last Update: January 31, 2014.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Entrez" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Entrez_Summary"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Entrez/#Entrez.Summary">Summary</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Entrez_Entrez_Design_Principles"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Entrez/#Entrez.Entrez_Design_Principles">Entrez Design Principles</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Entrez_Entrez_Is_a_Discovery_System"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Entrez/#Entrez.Entrez_Is_a_Discovery_System">Entrez Is a Discovery System</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Entrez_Entrez_Is_Growing"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Entrez/#Entrez.Entrez_Is_Growing">Entrez Is Growing</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Entrez_How_Entrez_Works"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Entrez/#Entrez.How_Entrez_Works">How Entrez Works</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Entrez_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Entrez/#Entrez.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_LinkOut"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/LinkOut/">LinkOut: Linking to External Resources from NCBI Databases</a><div>Y. Kathy Kwan.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_LinkOut" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_LinkOut_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/LinkOut/#LinkOut.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_LinkOut_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/LinkOut/#LinkOut.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_LinkOut_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/LinkOut/#LinkOut.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_LinkOut_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/LinkOut/#LinkOut.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_LinkOut_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/LinkOut/#LinkOut.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_LinkOut_Guide_to_LinkOut_Providers"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/LinkOut/#LinkOut.Guide_to_LinkOut_Providers">Guide to LinkOut Providers</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_Metadata"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/Metadata/">Metadata</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_Metadata" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioSample"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioSample/">BioSample</a><div>Tanya Barrett.</div><div class="small">Created: November 14, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_BioSample" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioSample_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioSample/#BioSample.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioSample_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioSample/#BioSample.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioSample_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioSample/#BioSample.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioSample_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioSample/#BioSample.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioSample_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioSample/#BioSample.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioSample_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioSample/#BioSample.References">References</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioProject"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioProject/">BioProject</a><div>Karen Clark, Kim Pruitt, Tatiana Tatusova, and Ilene Mizrachi.</div><div class="small">Created: April 28, 2013; Last Update: November 11, 2013.</div><ul id="toc_lst_NBK143764_toc_BioProject" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioProject_Scope"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioProject/#BioProject.Scope">Scope</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioProject_History"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioProject/#BioProject.History">History</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioProject_Data_Model"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioProject/#BioProject.Data_Model">Data Model</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioProject_Dataflow"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioProject/#BioProject.Dataflow">Dataflow</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioProject_Access"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioProject/#BioProject.Access">Access</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioProject_Related_Tools"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioProject/#BioProject.Related_Tools">Related Tools</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_BioProject_References"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/BioProject/#BioProject.References">References</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK143764_toc_glossary"><a class="toc-item" href="/books/n/handbook2e/glossary/">Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
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