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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p><p>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. </p></div><div class="iconblock clearfix whole_rhythm no_top_margin bk_noprnt"><a class="img_link icnblk_img" title="Table of Contents Page" href="/books/n/pdqcis/"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-pdqcis-lrg.png" alt="Cover of PDQ Cancer Information Summaries" height="100px" width="80px" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt eight_col"><h2>PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet].</h2><a data-jig="ncbitoggler" href="#__NBK131880_dtls__">Show details</a><div style="display:none" class="ui-widget" id="__NBK131880_dtls__"><div>Bethesda (MD): <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=page-banner&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">National Cancer Institute (US)</a>; 2002-.</div></div><div class="half_rhythm"></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/pdqcis/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><h1 id="_NBK131880_"><span class="title" itemprop="name">Topics in Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies (PDQ®)</span></h1><div class="subtitle whole_rhythm">Patient Version</div><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board</span>.</p><p class="small">Published online: November 2, 2018.</p><p class="small">Created: <span itemprop="datePublished">March 29, 2013</span>.</p></div><div class="jig-ncbiinpagenav body-content whole_rhythm" data-jigconfig="allHeadingLevels: ['h2'],smoothScroll: false" itemprop="text"><div id="_abs_rndgid_" itemprop="description"><p id="CDR0000745658__222">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the complementary and alternative therapies found in other PDQ summaries and NCI Fact Sheets. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p><p id="CDR0000745658__223">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change. The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board.</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__1"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__1_">Overview</h2><p id="CDR0000745658__238"><b>This summary gives a brief description of some of the integrative, alternative, and complementary therapies used by people with cancer. Links to additional information, references, and resources on the NCI website are provided in this summary. This summary does not include all integrative, alternative, and complementary therapies.</b></p><p id="CDR0000745658__105"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044964/" class="def">Complementary and alternative medicine</a> (CAM) includes many different kinds of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044737/" class="def">therapies</a>, botanicals, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000373932/" class="def">dietary supplements</a>. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044951/" class="def">Complementary medicine</a> is treatment that is used along with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard treatments</a> but is not considered standard. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044921/" class="def">Alternative medicine</a> is treatment that is used instead of standard treatments. In general, less research has been done for CAM than for standard treatments. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000689097/" class="def">Integrative therapy</a> is medical care that combines standard care with CAM practices. </p><p id="CDR0000745658__78">The 2007 National Health Interview Survey reported that about 4 out of 10 adults use a CAM therapy. Natural products and deep breathing exercises were the most common. One large survey reported on the use of complementary therapies in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450125/" class="def">survivors</a>. The therapies used most often were prayer and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000441265/" class="def">spiritual</a> practice, relaxation, faith and spiritual healing, and nutritional supplements and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044744/" class="def">vitamins</a>. </p><p id="CDR0000745658__228">CAM therapies are used often to treat children with cancer, both inside and outside of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a>. CAM therapies have been used to treat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> caused by cancer or cancer treatment. Cancer patients sometimes choose alternative medicine over standard treatment; however, alternative medicine does not work as well as standard medicine to treat cancer. In Asian countries, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000449722/" class="def">traditional Chinese medical therapies</a> are often used along with standard therapy.</p><p id="CDR0000745658__237">One study showed that when <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> patients and their doctors talked about CAM therapy, it was most often brought up by the patient. Both the patient and the doctor were more satisfied with the visit when they talked about CAM therapy.</p><p id="CDR0000745658__79"> This cancer information summary gives a brief description of integrative, alternative, and complementary therapies found in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> Cancer Information Summaries or Fact Sheets from the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044266/" class="def">National Cancer Institute</a> (NCI). Links are included to take you to the specific PDQ summary or NCI Fact Sheet for more information about each topic. See NCI's <a href="https://cam.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine</a> for links to other resources.</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__3"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__3_">Acupuncture</h2><p id="CDR0000745658__101"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046724/" class="def">Acupuncture</a> is a part of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000449722/" class="def">traditional Chinese medicine</a> used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. In patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>, acupuncture is usually used to relieve <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a>, treat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044737/" class="def">therapy</a>, such as pain, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390302/" class="def">nausea</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390324/" class="def">vomiting</a>, and improve <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045417/" class="def">quality of life</a>. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__162"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000458088/">Acupuncture</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__6"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__6_">Botanicals/Herbal Products</h2><div id="CDR0000745658__7"><h3>Black Cohosh</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__102"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000321355/" class="def">Black cohosh</a> is a North American perennial <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463714/" class="def">herb</a>. A substance found in the root of this plant has been used to treat a number of medical <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a>. Black cohosh has been studied to relieve <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000256567/" class="def">hot flashes</a>. However, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045858/" class="def">randomized</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044840/" class="def">placebo-controlled</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a> using this herb have found that black cohosh doesn't work any better than a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046688/" class="def">placebo</a> (inactive substance) in relieving hot flashes. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__163"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062742/#CDR0000062742__241">Herbs/Dietary Supplements</a> section in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062742/">Hot Flashes and Night Sweats</a> for more information on black cohosh.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__9"><h3><i>Cannabis</i> and Cannabinoids (also known as marijuana)</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__103"><i><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000716285/" class="def">Cannabis</a></i> is a plant from Central Asia that is grown in many parts of the world today. In the United States, it is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000716287/" class="def">controlled substance</a> and is classified as a Schedule I agent (a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000348921/" class="def">drug</a> with increased potential for abuse and no known medical use). The <i>Cannabis</i> plant makes a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000642508/" class="def">resin</a> that contains active <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000643008/" class="def">chemicals</a> called cannabinoids. Cannabinoids cause drug-like effects throughout the body, including the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046481/" class="def">central nervous system</a> and the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046356/" class="def">immune system</a>. Possible benefits of medicinal <i>Cannabis</i> for people living with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> include control of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390302/" class="def">nausea</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390324/" class="def">vomiting</a>, increasing <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454699/" class="def">appetite</a>, relieving pain, and improving sleep. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__164"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000688139/">Cannabis and Cannabinoids</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__11"><h3>Essiac/Flor Essence</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__104"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446524/" class="def">Essiac</a> and Flor Essence are herbal tea mixtures originally developed in Canada. They are sold worldwide as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000373932/" class="def">dietary supplements</a>. Supporters of Essiac and Flor Essence say that these products can help <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446105/" class="def">detoxify</a> the body, make the immune system stronger, and fight cancer. There is no evidence in clinical trials that Essiac or Flor Essence can help treat patients with cancer. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__165"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000446303/">Essiac/Flor Essence</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__13"><h3>Flaxseed</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__14"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000285920/" class="def">Flaxseed</a> comes from the flax plant. It is a rich source of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045809/" class="def">omega-3 fatty acid</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046401/" class="def">fiber</a>, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000422394/" class="def">compounds</a> called <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000330172/" class="def">lignans</a>. It is being studied in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000439419/" class="def">prevention</a> of several types of cancer. Flaxseed has also been studied for its effect on hot flashes. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__166"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062742/#CDR0000062742__241">Herbs/Dietary Supplements</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062742/">Hot Flashes and Night Sweats</a> for more information on flaxseed.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__15"><h3>Ginger</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__16"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000340930/" class="def">Ginger</a> is a root that is used in cooking and in some cultures to treat medical conditions such as nausea. It can be used fresh, dried and powdered, or as a juice or oil.
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Ginger has been studied for the relief of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__167"><li class="half_rhythm"><div> See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062747/#CDR0000062747__381">Ginger</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062747/">Treatment-Related Nausea and Vomiting</a> for information about a randomized <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044014/" class="def">controlled trial</a> of ginger in cancer patients.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__212"><h3>Ginseng</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__213"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044151/" class="def">Ginseng</a> is an herb that is used to treat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000321374/" class="def">fatigue</a>. It may be taken in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000455334/" class="def">capsules</a> of ground ginseng root. Studies of ginseng have been done in patients either during or after their treatment for cancer. Patients who were given ginseng had less fatigue than patients who were given a placebo (inactive substance). </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__218"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062734/#CDR0000062734__83">Intervention</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062734/">Fatigue</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__215"><h3>L-carnitine</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__217"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000321377/" class="def">L-carnitine</a> is a dietary supplement that is thought to be helpful in treating fatigue related to cancer. L-carnitine helps the body make energy and lowers <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044042/" class="def">inflammation</a> that may be linked to fatigue. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__219"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062734/#CDR0000062734__83">Intervention</a> section in the PDQ summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062734/">Fatigue</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__226"><h3>Marijuana</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__227">See the <a href="#CDR0000745658__9">Cannabis and Cannabinoids</a> section in this summary.</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__229"><h3>Medicinal Mushrooms</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__230">Medicinal mushrooms have been used for hundreds of years, mainly in Asian countries, to treat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045364/" class="def">infections</a>. More recently, medicinal mushrooms have also been used to treat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270740/" class="def">lung</a> diseases and cancer.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__231"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000778943/">Medicinal Mushrooms</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__17"><h3>Milk Thistle</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__18"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000305993/" class="def">Milk thistle</a> is a plant whose fruits have been used for more than 2,000 years as a treatment for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046312/" class="def">liver</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046738/" class="def">bile duct</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000407758/" class="def">disorders.</a> The active substance in milk thistle is <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000340936/" class="def">silymarin.</a> Milk thistle has been studied in the treatment of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> caused from cancer and cancer treatment.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__168"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000466216/">Milk Thistle</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__19"><h3>Mistletoe Extracts</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__20"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000285939/" class="def">Mistletoe</a> is a plant used commonly in Europe, where different <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000407760/" class="def">extracts</a> are made and sold as injectable <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044711/" class="def">prescription</a> drugs. The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454786/" class="def">FDA</a> has not approved mistletoe as a treatment for cancer or any other medical condition.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__169"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000449678/">Mistletoe Extracts</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__21"><h3>PC-SPES</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__22"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000527377/" class="def">PC-SPES</a> is a patented mixture of eight herbs. PC-SPES was taken off the market because some batches had prescription <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000482419/" class="def">medicines</a> in them. The manufacturer is no longer in business and PC-SPES is no longer being made. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__170"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000467217/">PC-SPES</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__23"><h3>St. John's Wort</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__224"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044957/" class="def">St. John's wort</a> (Hypericum perforatum) is an herbal product sold as an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044696/" class="def">over-the-counter</a> treatment for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430479/" class="def">depression</a>. St. John's wort has not been proven to be better than standard <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044105/" class="def">antidepressant</a> medicines. Studies have been done to compare St. John's wort with antidepressants, placebo (inactive) medicines, or both, and have shown mixed results.</p><p id="CDR0000745658__225">Be sure to talk with your doctor before taking St. John's wort. It may change the way some of your other medicines work, including anticancer medicines. Also, there are no standards for companies that make St. John's wort, so the amount of active ingredient may be different in each brand.</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__25"><h3>Selected Vegetables/Sun's Soup</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__26">“Selected Vegetables” and “Sun’s Soup” are different mixtures of vegetables and herbs that have been studied as treatments for cancer. Dried and frozen forms of Selected Vegetables are sold in the United States as dietary supplements. The vegetables and herbs in Selected Vegetables/Sun’s Soup are thought to have substances that block the growth of cancer cells and/or help the body's immune system kill cancer cells. There is very little evidence that Selected Vegetables/Sun’s Soup is useful as a treatment for cancer and no randomized or controlled clinical trials have been done.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__172"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000466209/">Selected Vegetables/Sun’s Soup</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000745658__27"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__27_">Mind-Body Therapies</h2><div id="CDR0000745658__28"><h3>Aromatherapy With Essential Oils</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__29"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000462662/" class="def">Aromatherapy</a> is the use of essential oils from plants (flowers, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463714/" class="def">herbs</a>, or trees) as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044737/" class="def">therapy</a> to improve physical, emotional, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000441265/" class="def">spiritual</a> well-being. Patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a> use aromatherapy mainly as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046609/" class="def">supportive care</a> to improve their <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045417/" class="def">quality of life</a>, such as lowering <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450122/" class="def">stress</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430405/" class="def">anxiety</a>. Aromatherapy may be used with other <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044951/" class="def">complementary treatments</a>, such as massage and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046724/" class="def">acupuncture</a>, as well as with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044930/" class="def">standard treatment</a>. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__173"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000458089/">Aromatherapy With Essential Oils</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__30"><h3>Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__31"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000650559/" class="def">Cognitive-behavioral therapy</a> (CBT) is a type of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450116/" class="def">psychotherapy</a> that helps patients change their behavior by changing the way they think and feel about certain things. CBT may help treat many <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046580/" class="def">side effects</a> of cancer and cancer treatment. </p><p id="CDR0000745658__232">CBT has been studied for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044043/" class="def">insomnia</a>.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__32"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062746/#CDR0000062746__30">Management</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062746/">Sleep Disorders</a> for information about CBT use for insomnia.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000745658__233"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000689628/" class="def">Relaxation therapy</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045719/" class="def">imagery</a> have been used to treat anticipatory <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390302/" class="def">nausea</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390324/" class="def">vomiting</a>.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__159"><li class="half_rhythm"><div> See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062804/#CDR0000062804__21">Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062804/#CDR0000062804__59">Treating Nausea and Vomiting Without Drugs</a> sections in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062804/">Nausea and Vomiting Related to Cancer Treatment</a>.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000745658__155">CBT may be helpful for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000430479/" class="def">depression</a> in patients with cancer. Most <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450098/" class="def">counseling</a> or <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000457962/" class="def">talk therapy</a> programs for depression are offered in both individual and small-group settings.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__160"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062806/#CDR0000062806__8">Treatment of Depression</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062806/">Depression</a> for more information about talk therapy and counseling.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000745658__203">CBT may be used to treat <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440112/" class="def">post-traumatic stress disorder</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045022/" class="def">symptoms</a> in patients with cancer. The treatment can focus on solving
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problems, teaching <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450097/" class="def">coping skills</a>, and providing a supportive setting for the
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patient.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__204"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062831/#CDR0000062831__98">Treatment</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062831/">Cancer-Related Post-traumatic Stress</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__34"><h3>Hypnosis</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__35"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044675/" class="def">Hypnosis</a> is a trance-like state that allows a person to be more aware and focused and more open to suggestion. Under hypnosis, the person can concentrate more clearly on a specific thought, feeling, or sensation without becoming distracted. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__174"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062891/#CDR0000062891__151">Psychosocial Interventions for Distress</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062891/">Adjustment to Cancer: Anxiety and Distress</a> for more information on a study about hypnosis used to relieve stress before <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045570/" class="def">surgery</a>. </div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__46"><h3>Qigong</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__47"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000467860/" class="def">Qigong</a> is a form of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000449722/" class="def">traditional Chinese medicine</a> that combines movement, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000730354/" class="def">meditation</a>, and controlled breathing. Its purpose is to enhance the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046649/" class="def">vital</a> energy or life force that keeps a person’s spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical health in balance. Some <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a> have shown that qigong may improve their quality of life and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000321374/" class="def">fatigue</a> related to cancer.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__178"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062811/#CDR0000062811__195">Exercise</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062811/">Fatigue</a> for more information about how qigong is being studied in fatigue related to cancer.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__48"><h3>Spirituality</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__124">Studies have shown that religious and spiritual values are important to most Americans. Many patients with cancer rely on spiritual or religious beliefs and practices to help them <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454700/" class="def">cope</a> with their disease. For healthcare providers, spiritual or religious well-being are sometimes viewed as an aspect of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044964/" class="def">complementary and alternative medicine</a>.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__179"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000301599/">Spirituality</a> for information about <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000489395/" class="def">religion</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000441265/" class="def">spirituality</a>, spiritual well-being, and health.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__50"><h3>Tai Chi</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__51"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000467869/" class="def">Tai chi</a> is a form of traditional Chinese <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000467850/" class="def">mind-body exercise</a> and meditation that uses slow sets of body movements and controlled breathing. Tai chi is done to improve balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and overall health. Some clinical trials have shown that tai chi may improve their quality of life and fatigue related to cancer. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__221"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062811/#CDR0000062811__195">Exercise</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062811/">Fatigue</a> for more information about how tai chi is being studied in fatigue related to cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000788906/">Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Non−Central Nervous System Cancers</a> for more information about how tai chi is being studied in problems with memory and thinking.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__52"><h3>Yoga</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__53"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000532135/" class="def">Yoga</a> is an ancient system of practices used to balance the mind and body through movement, meditation (focusing thoughts), and control of breathing and emotions. Yoga is being studied as a way to relieve stress and improve sleep in cancer patients. One study showed that <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444971/" class="def">breast cancer</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000450125/" class="def">survivors</a> who took part in a yoga program had lower levels of fatigue and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044042/" class="def">inflammation</a> (swelling).</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__180"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062891/#CDR0000062891__676">Mindfulness-based therapy</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062891/">Adjustment to Cancer: Anxiety and Distress</a> for information about a clinical trial using meditation and yoga to lower stress.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000745658__54"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__54_">Nutritional Therapies</h2><div id="CDR0000745658__55"><h3>Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__56"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000043997/" class="def">Antioxidants</a> are substances that may protect <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> from the damage caused by unstable <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045065/" class="def">molecules</a> known as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044030/" class="def">free radicals</a>. Free radical damage may lead to <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>. Examples of antioxidants include <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045328/" class="def">beta-carotene</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044909/" class="def">lycopene</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044744/" class="def">vitamins</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000439435/" class="def">C</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045023/" class="def">E</a>, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045248/" class="def">A</a>, and other substances. </p><p id="CDR0000745658__220">There has been some concern about whether antioxidants may make <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045214/" class="def">chemotherapy</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044971/" class="def">radiation therapy</a> less effective.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__181"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/antioxidants-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention</a> for more information about antioxidants.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__57"><h3>Coenzyme Q10</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__58"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000346488/" class="def">Coenzyme Q10</a> is made by the body. Coenzyme Q10 helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. Studies show that coenzyme Q10 may protect the heart from damage caused by certain chemotherapy <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000348921/" class="def">drugs</a>. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__182"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000446290/">Coenzyme Q10</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__59"><h3>Dietary Supplements</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__60">Many studies suggest that the use of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044964/" class="def">complementary and alternative medicine</a> is common among many cancer patients, and the use of vitamins, supplements, and specific foods is frequently reported by patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000445079/" class="def">prostate cancer</a>. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__183"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/">Prostate Cancer, Nutrition, and Dietary Supplements</a> for information about green tea, lycopene, modified citrus pectin, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000321386/" class="def">pomegranate</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000407766/" class="def">soy</a>, and Zyflamend supplements used by some patients with prostate cancer.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__61"><h3>Gerson Therapy</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__62">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446537/" class="def">Gerson therapy</a> is used by some <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463164/" class="def">practitioners</a> to treat cancer, based on changes in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044660/" class="def">diet</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044697/" class="def">nutrient</a> intake. An organic vegetarian diet plus <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044698/" class="def">nutritional</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044510/" class="def">biological</a> supplements, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046704/" class="def">pancreatic enzymes</a>, and coffee or other types of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044204/" class="def">enemas</a> are all part of the Gerson therapy. Few <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044195/" class="def">clinical studies</a> of the Gerson therapy have been published. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__184"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000453628/">Gerson Therapy</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__234"><h3>Glutamine</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__235"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045446/" class="def">Glutamine</a> is an <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446104/" class="def">amino acid</a> that is important for the health of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045692/" class="def">gastrointestinal</a> (GI) <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257213/" class="def">mucosal</a> cells. These cells are often damaged by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This causes <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045789/" class="def">mucositis</a> (<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044042/" class="def">inflammation</a> of the lining of the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046446/" class="def">digestive system</a>, often seen as mouth sores) and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000306496/" class="def">diarrhea</a>. This can lead to treatment delays, small <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044664/" class="def">doses</a>, and may severely affect <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045417/" class="def">quality of life</a>. Some studies suggest that <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044068/" class="def">oral</a> glutamine can reduce mucositis and diarrhea by helping mucosal cells and the entire GI tract heal faster.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__236"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000286996/#CDR0000286996__691">Nutrition Trends in Cancer</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000286996/">Nutrition in Cancer Care</a> for information on trials that studied oral glutamine.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__63"><h3>Gonzalez Regimen</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__64">The <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000305991/" class="def">Gonzalez regimen</a> is a cancer treatment that is tailored by the practitioner for each patient and is available only to the patients of its developer. It involves taking certain pancreatic enzymes thought to have anticancer activity. The regimen also includes specific diets, vitamin and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045787/" class="def">mineral</a> supplements, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000407760/" class="def">extracts</a> of animal <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000257523/" class="def">organs</a>, and coffee enemas. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__185"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000453795/">Gonzalez Regimen</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__65"><h3>Lycopene</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__66">Lycopene is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046132/" class="def">carotenoid</a> (a natural <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046225/" class="def">pigment</a> made by plants). It is found in a number of fruits and vegetables, including apricots, guava, and watermelon. The main source of lycopene in the American diet is tomato-based products. Lycopene is thought to have antioxidant activity. Lycopene has been studied for its role in chronic diseases, including <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000748137/" class="def">cardiovascular disease</a> and cancer. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__186"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/#CDR0000719565__3">Lycopene</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/">Prostate Cancer, Nutrition, and Dietary Supplements</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__67"><h3>Melatonin</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__68"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000440118/" class="def">Melatonin</a> is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045713/" class="def">hormone</a> made by the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046226/" class="def">pineal gland</a> during the hours of darkness. It plays a major role in the sleep-wake cycle. Clinical studies in renal, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000304766/" class="def">breast</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046462/" class="def">colon</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270740/" class="def">lung</a>, and brain cancer suggest that melatonin may make chemotherapy and radiation therapy more effective; however <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045858/" class="def">randomized</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000285982/" class="def">blinded</a> trials are needed to study these results. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__187"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062746/#CDR0000062746__186">Botanical/Dietary supplements</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062746/">Sleep Disorders</a> for information about how melatonin is being studied in sleep disturbances.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000286996/#CDR0000286996__688">Nutrition Trends in Cancer</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000286996/">Nutrition in Cancer Care</a> for information on how melatonin is being studied with chemotherapy or radiation therapy.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__69"><h3>Modified Citrus Pectin (MCP)</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__70">Citrus pectin is found in the peel and pulp of citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes. Citrus pectin can be modified so that it can be digested and absorbed by the body. Modified citrus pectin (MCP) may have effects on cancer growth and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046710/" class="def">metastasis</a>. Some research suggests that MCP may protect against different types of cancer, including colon, lung, and prostate cancer. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__188"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/#CDR0000719565__61">Modified Citrus Pectin</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/">Prostate Cancer, Nutrition, and Dietary Supplements</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__71"><h3>Pomegranate</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__72">The pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i> L.) plant is native to Asia and grown in many parts of the world. Different parts of the pomegranate fruit have bioactive <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000422394/" class="def">compounds</a> that may support good health, including antioxidants found in the peel. Certain pomegranate extracts have been shown in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044512/" class="def">laboratory studies</a> to slow the growth and spread of prostate cancer cells and to cause cell death.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__189"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000745420/#CDR0000745420__61">Pomegranate</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/">Prostate Cancer, Nutrition, and Dietary Supplements</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__73"><h3>Probiotics</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__74"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000658861/" class="def">Probiotics</a> are live <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044059/" class="def">microorganisms</a> used as <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000373932/" class="def">dietary supplement</a>s to help with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000463707/" class="def">digestion</a> and normal <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446980/" class="def">bowel function</a>. A <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044123/" class="def">bacterium</a> found in yogurt called <i><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000658830/" class="def">Lactobacillus</a> acidophilus</i> is the most common probiotic. The use of probiotics may be recommended in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a> related to diarrhea and other gastrointestinal problems, such as gut-<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454715/" class="def">barrier</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000390268/" class="def">dysfunction</a> and inflammation. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__190"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062736/#CDR0000062736__281">Probiotics</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062736/">Gastrointestinal Complications</a> for information about probiotics.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000286996/#CDR0000286996__685">Nutrition Trends in Cancer</a> section in the PDQ health professional summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000286996/">Nutrition in Cancer Care</a> for information on trials that used probiotics before radiation therapy.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__208"><h3>Selenium</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__209"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045113/" class="def">Selenium</a> is a trace mineral (a nutrient that is essential to humans in tiny amounts). Selenium is found in certain <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046092/" class="def">proteins</a> that are active in many body functions, including reproduction and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000468803/" class="def">immunity</a>. Selenium is being studied for its role in cancer.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__211"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/#CDR0000719565__250">Selenium</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/">Prostate Cancer, Nutrition, and Dietary Supplements</a> for information about studies of selenium in prostate cancer.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__75"><h3>Soy</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__77">Soy comes from a plant native to Asia that grows beans that are used in many food products. Soy foods, such as soy milk, miso, tofu, and soy flour, contain phytochemicals that may have health benefits. <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046660/" class="def">Isoflavones</a> are the most widely studied compounds in soy. Soy is being studied for the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000439419/" class="def">prevention</a> of cancer, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000256567/" class="def">hot flashes</a> during <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046296/" class="def">menopause</a>, and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045371/" class="def">osteoporosis</a> (loss of <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000407755/" class="def">bone density</a>). </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__191"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062827/#CDR0000062827__218">Non-Drug Treatment for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats in Patients with Cancer</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062827/">Hot Flashes and Night Sweats</a> for more information on the use of soy in patients with <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444971/" class="def">breast cancer</a>.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/#CDR0000719565__95">Soy</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/">Prostate Cancer, Nutrition, and Dietary Supplements</a> for information about studies of soy in prostate cancer.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__80"><h3>Tea</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__81">Tea comes from the plant <i>Camellia sinensis</i>. Tea contains <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000256573/" class="def">polyphenol</a> compounds including <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000686469/" class="def">catechins</a>, which are antioxidants that help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__192"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/tea-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Tea and Cancer Prevention: Strengths and Limits of the Evidence</a> for information about tea and cancer prevention.</div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000745658__137">Some studies suggest that green tea may help protect against <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044005/" class="def">cardiovascular</a> disease. There is also evidence that green tea may protect against different types of cancer.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__193"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/#CDR0000719565__175">Green Tea</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/">Prostate Cancer, Nutrition, and Dietary Supplements</a> for more information about studies of green tea in prostate cancer.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__205"><h3>Vitamin C, High-Dose</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__206">Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a nutrient that humans must get from food or supplements since it cannot be made in the body. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and helps prevent <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044072/" class="def">oxidative stress</a>. It also works with enzymes to play a key role in making <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044196/" class="def">collagen</a>. High-dose vitamin C has been studied as a treatment for cancer patients.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__207"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000742253/">High-Dose Vitamin C</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__82"><h3>Vitamin D</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__83">Vitamin D is a nutrient involved in a number of functions that are necessary for good health. Skin exposed to sunshine can make Vitamin D. It can also be consumed in the diet, but very few foods naturally contain vitamin D. These foods include fatty fish, fish liver oil, and eggs. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__194"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/vitamin-d-fact-sheet" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention</a>
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for information about studies of the possible role of vitamin D in cancer prevention.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/#CDR0000719565__295">Vitamin D</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/">Prostate Cancer, Nutrition, and Dietary Supplements</a> for information about studies of vitamin D in prostate cancer.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__84"><h3>Vitamin E</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__85">Vitamin E is a nutrient that the body needs in small amounts to stay healthy and work the way it should. It is fat-<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000467861/" class="def">soluble</a> (can dissolve in fats and oils) and is found in seeds, nuts, leafy green vegetables, and vegetable oils. Vitamin E boosts the immune system and helps keep <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000476017/" class="def">blood clots</a> from forming. It also helps prevent cell damage caused by free radicals (unstable molecules in the body). Vitamin E is being studied in the prevention and treatment of some types of cancer. It is a type of antioxidant.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__195"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/#CDR0000719565__269">Vitamin E</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000719565/">Prostate Cancer, Nutrition, and Dietary Supplements</a> for information about studies of vitamin E in prostate cancer.</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062827/#CDR0000062827__213">Non-Drug Treatment for Hot Flashes and Night Sweats in Patients with Cancer</a> section in the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000062827/">Hot Flashes and Night Sweats</a> for information about studies of Vitamin E in hot flashes.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000745658__86"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__86_">Pharmacologic Treatments</h2><div id="CDR0000745658__87"><h3>714-X</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__88">714-X is a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000643008/" class="def">chemical</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000422394/" class="def">compound</a> that contains <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044001/" class="def">camphor</a>, which is a natural substance that comes from the wood and bark of the camphor tree. Nitrogen, water, and salts are added to camphor to make 714-X. It is claimed that 714-X protects the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046356/" class="def">immune system</a> and helps the body fight <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045333/" class="def">cancer</a>. No peer-reviewed studies of 714-X have been published to show that it is safe or effective in treating cancer. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__196"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044271/" class="def">PDQ</a> patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000446580/">714-X</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__89"><h3>Antineoplastons </h3><p id="CDR0000745658__90"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046149/" class="def">Antineoplastons</a> are <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000348921/" class="def">drugs</a> made of chemical compounds that occur naturally in the <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046642/" class="def">urine</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000270735/" class="def">blood</a>. It has been claimed that <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046149/" class="def">antineoplaston</a>
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<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044737/" class="def">therapy</a> can be used to stop certain cancer <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046476/" class="def">cells</a> from dividing, while healthy cells are not affected.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__197"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000539333/">Antineoplastons</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__91"><h3>Cancell/Cantron/Protocel </h3><p id="CDR0000745658__92">Cancell/Cantron/Protocel is a liquid that has been made in different forms since the late 1930s. It is also known by the names <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000457979/" class="def">Sheridan’s Formula</a>, <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000457980/" class="def">Jim’s Juice</a>, JS-114, JS-101, 126-F, and the "<a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446542/" class="def">Cancell</a>-like" products <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000457987/" class="def">Cantron</a> and <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000572363/" class="def">Protocel</a>. The exact ingredients of Cancell/Cantron/Protocel are not known and it is not effective in treating any type of cancer. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__198"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000446184/">Cancell/Cantron/Protocel</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__93"><h3>Cartilage (Bovine and Shark)</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__94">Bovine (cow) <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044190/" class="def">cartilage</a> and shark cartilage have been studied as treatments for cancer and other medical <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000651193/" class="def">conditions</a> for more than 30 years. Substances that keep the body from making the new <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045020/" class="def">blood vessels</a> that a <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000046634/" class="def">tumor</a> needs to grow have been found in bovine cartilage and shark cartilage. However, these substances have not been shown to affect the growth of normal cells or tumor cells.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__199"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000446198/">Cartilage (Bovine and Shark)</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__95"><h3>Hydrazine Sulfate</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__96"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044283/" class="def">Hydrazine sulfate</a> is a chemical that has been studied as a treatment for cancer and as a treatment for <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044108/" class="def">cachexia</a> (body wasting) that can develop with this disease. It has been claimed that hydrazine sulfate limits the ability of tumors to take in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000044033/" class="def">glucose</a>, which is a type of sugar that tumor cells need to grow. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__200"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000446177/">Hydrazine Sulfate</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__97"><h3>Laetrile/Amygdalin</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__98"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000444998/" class="def">Laetrile</a> is another name for the chemical <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454511/" class="def">amygdalin</a>, which is found in the pits of many fruits and in many plants. Cyanide is thought to be the active anticancer ingredient of laetrile. Laetrile has shown little anticancer activity in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000454774/" class="def">animal studies</a> and no anticancer activity in <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045961/" class="def">clinical trials</a> in humans. </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__201"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000446369/">Laetrile/Amygdalin</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__99"><h3>Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__100"><a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000446555/" class="def">Newcastle Disease Virus</a> (NDV) is usually thought to be an avian (bird) <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/glossary/def-item/glossary_CDR0000045941/" class="def">virus</a>, but it also
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infects humans. It causes a potentially fatal, noncancerous disease
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(Newcastle disease) in birds, but causes only minor illness in humans. NDV appears to copy itself much better in human cancer cells than in most normal human cells and is being studied for anticancer effects.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__202"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>See the PDQ patient summary on <a href="/books/n/pdqcis/CDR0000446370/">Newcastle Disease Virus</a> for more information.</div></li></ul></div></div><div id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_1"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__AboutThis_1_">About This PDQ Summary</h2><div id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_2"><h3>About PDQ</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_3">Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Spanish</a>.</p><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_4">PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government’s center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_5"><h3>Purpose of This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_6">This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the complementary and alternative therapies found in other PDQ summaries and NCI Fact Sheets. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_7"><h3>Reviewers and Updates</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_8">Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Updated") is the date of the most recent change.
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</p><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_9">The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq/editorial-boards/cam" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board</a>.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_10"><h3>Clinical Trial Information</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_11">A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
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</p><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_12">Clinical trials can be found online at <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI's website</a>. For more information, call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_13"><h3>Permission to Use This Summary</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_14">PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as “NCI’s PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary].”
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</p><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_15">The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:</p><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_21">PDQ® Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board. PDQ Topics in Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cam-topics-pdq" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cam-topics-pdq</a>. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389508]</p><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_16">Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in <a href="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Visuals Online</a>. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 3,000 scientific images.
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</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_17"><h3>Disclaimer</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_18">The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/managing-care" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Managing Cancer Care</a> page.</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_19"><h3>Contact Us</h3><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutThis_20">More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Contact Us for Help</a> page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website’s <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/email-us" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">E-mail Us</a>.</p></div></div><div id="CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_2"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_2_">General CAM Information</h2><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_3">Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)—also called integrative medicine—includes a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies. A therapy is generally called complementary when it is used in addition to conventional treatments; it is often called alternative when it is used instead of conventional treatment. (Conventional treatments are those that are widely accepted and practiced by the mainstream medical community.) Depending on how they are used, some therapies can be considered either complementary or alternative. Complementary and alternative therapies are used in an effort to prevent illness, reduce stress, prevent or reduce side effects and symptoms, or control or cure disease. </p><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_4">Unlike conventional treatments for cancer, complementary and alternative therapies are often not covered by insurance companies. Patients should check with their insurance provider to find out about coverage for complementary and alternative therapies. </p><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_5">Cancer patients considering complementary and alternative therapies should discuss this decision with their doctor, nurse, or pharmacist as they would any type of treatment. Some complementary and alternative therapies may affect their standard treatment or may be harmful when used with conventional treatment. </p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_6"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_6_">Evaluation of CAM Therapies</h2><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_7">It is important that the same scientific methods used to test conventional therapies are used to test CAM therapies. The National Cancer Institute and the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) are sponsoring a number of clinical trials (research studies) at medical centers to test CAM therapies for use in cancer. </p><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_8">Conventional approaches to cancer treatment have generally been studied for safety and effectiveness through a scientific process that includes clinical trials with large numbers of patients. Less is known about the safety and effectiveness of complementary and alternative methods. Few CAM therapies have been tested using demanding scientific methods. A small number of CAM therapies that were thought to be purely alternative approaches are now being used in cancer treatment—not as cures, but as complementary therapies that may help patients feel better and recover faster. One example is acupuncture. According to a panel of experts at a National Institutes of Health (NIH) meeting in November 1997, acupuncture has been found to help control nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and pain related to surgery. However, some approaches, such as the use of laetrile, have been studied and found not to work and to possibly cause harm.</p><p id="CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_9"><a href="https://cam.cancer.gov/indentifying_novel_cam_therapies/best_case_series_program.htm" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">The NCI Best Case Series Program</a> which was started in 1991, is one way CAM approaches that are being used in practice are being studied. The program is overseen by the NCI’s Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine (OCCAM). Health care professionals who offer alternative cancer therapies submit their patients’ medical records and related materials to OCCAM. OCCAM carefully reviews these materials to see if any seem worth further research.</p></div><div id="CDR0000745658__QandA_2"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__QandA_2_">Questions to Ask Your Health Care Provider About CAM</h2><p id="CDR0000745658__QandA_3">When considering complementary and alternative therapies, patients should ask their health care provider the following questions: </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__QandA_4"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>What side effects can be expected?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>What are the risks related to this therapy?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>What benefits can be expected from this therapy?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Do the known benefits outweigh the risks?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Will the therapy affect conventional treatment?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Is this therapy part of a clinical trial?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>If so, who is the sponsor of the trial?</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Will the therapy be covered by health insurance?</div></li></ul></div><div id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_2"><h2 id="_CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_2_">To Learn More About CAM</h2><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_3"><b><i>National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)</i></b></p><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_4">The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) facilitates research and evaluation of complementary and alternative practices, and provides information about a variety of approaches to health professionals and the public.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_5" class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>NCCIH Clearinghouse</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Post Office Box 7923 Gaithersburg, MD 20898–7923</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Telephone: 1-888-644-6226 (toll free)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>TTY (for deaf and hard of hearing callers): 1-866-464-3615</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>E-mail: info@nccih.nih.gov</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Website: <a href="https://nccih.nih.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">https://nccih.nih.gov</a></div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_15"><b><i>CAM on PubMed</i></b></p><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_16">NCCIH and the NIH National Library of Medicine (NLM) jointly developed <a href="https://nccih.nih.gov/research/camonpubmed" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">CAM on PubMed</a>, a free and easy-to-use search tool for finding CAM-related journal citations. As a subset of the NLM's PubMed bibliographic database, CAM on PubMed features more than 230,000 references and abstracts for CAM-related articles from scientific journals. This database also provides links to the websites of over 1,800 journals, allowing users to view full-text articles. (A subscription or other fee may be required to access full-text articles.) </p><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_17"><b><i>Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine</i></b></p><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_18">The NCI Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine (OCCAM) coordinates the activities of the NCI in the area of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). OCCAM supports CAM cancer research and provides information about cancer-related CAM to health providers and the general public via the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">NCI website</a>. </p><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_19"><b><i>National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Information Service</i></b></p><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_20">U.S. residents may call the <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/contact/contact-center" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">Cancer Information Service</a> (CIS), NCI's contact center, toll free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) Monday through Friday from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm. A trained Cancer Information Specialist is available to answer your questions.</p><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_8"><b><i>Food and Drug Administration </i></b></p><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_9">The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates drugs and medical devices to ensure that they are safe and effective.</p><ul id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_10" class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Food and Drug Administration </div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>10903 New Hampshire Avenue</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Silver Spring, MD 20993</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Telephone: 1-888-463-6332 (toll free)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Website: <a href="https://www.fda.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www.fda.gov</a></div></li></ul><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_11"><b><i>Federal Trade Commission </i></b></p><p id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_12">The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) enforces consumer protection laws. Publications available from the FTC include: </p><ul id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_13"><li class="half_rhythm"><div><i>Who Cares: Sources of Information About Health Care Products and Services </i></div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div><i>Fraudulent Health Claims: Don’t Be Fooled </i></div></li></ul><ul id="CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_14" class="simple-list"><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Consumer Response Center</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Federal Trade Commission</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Washington, DC 20580</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Telephone: 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357) (toll free)</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>TTY (for deaf and hard of hearing callers): 202-326-2502</div></li><li class="half_rhythm"><div>Website: <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">http://www.ftc.gov</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK131880/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK131880/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK131880" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK131880" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board. Topics in Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2018 Nov 2. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span></div></div></li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Version History</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter shutter_closed" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="version_history" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content" style="display: none;"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><span class="bk_col_itm">NBK131880.13</span> November 2, 2018 (Displayed Version)</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.12/">NBK131880.12</a></span> June 28, 2018</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.11/">NBK131880.11</a></span> June 22, 2018</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.10/">NBK131880.10</a></span> April 4, 2018</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.9/">NBK131880.9</a></span> January 24, 2018</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.8/">NBK131880.8</a></span> January 17, 2018</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.7/">NBK131880.7</a></span> December 6, 2017</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.6/">NBK131880.6</a></span> June 9, 2017</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.5/">NBK131880.5</a></span> April 8, 2016</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.4/">NBK131880.4</a></span> March 25, 2016</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.3/">NBK131880.3</a></span> January 22, 2016</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.2/">NBK131880.2</a></span> December 8, 2015</li><li><span class="bk_col_itm"><a href="/books/NBK131880.1/">NBK131880.1</a></span> May 13, 2015</li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>In this Page</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="page-toc" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Overview</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__3" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Acupuncture</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__6" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Botanicals/Herbal Products</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__27" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Mind-Body Therapies</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__54" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Nutritional Therapies</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__86" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Pharmacologic Treatments</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__AboutThis_1" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">About This PDQ Summary</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_2" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">General CAM Information</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__AboutIACT_6" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Evaluation of CAM Therapies</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__QandA_2" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">Questions to Ask Your Health Care Provider About CAM</a></li><li><a href="#CDR0000745658__ToLearnMore_2" ref="log$=inpage&link_id=inpage">To Learn More About CAM</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related publications</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="document-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK126745/">Health Professional Version</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389281" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Milk Thistle (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Milk Thistle (PDQ®): Patient Version.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. 2002</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/26389214" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> 714-X (PDQ®): Patient Version.</a><span class="source">[PDQ Cancer Information Summari...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop 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