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<div class="pre-content"><div><div class="bk_prnt"><p class="small">NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.</p></div><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><span class="inactive page_link prev">< Prev</span><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/nap6015/fm.s1/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div>
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<div class="main-content lit-style" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"><div class="meta-content fm-sec"><div class="iconblock whole_rhythm clearfix no_top_margin"><a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6015" title="National Academies Press (US)" class="img_link icnblk_img" ref="pagearea=logo&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><img class="source-thumb" src="/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/bookshelf/thumbs/th-nap6015-lrg.png" alt="Cover of Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline" /></a><div class="icnblk_cntnt"><h1 id="_NBK114310_"><span itemprop="name">Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, Folate, Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline</span></h1><p class="contrib-group"><span itemprop="author">Institute of Medicine (US) Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline</span>.</p><div class="half_rhythm">Washington (DC): <a href="http://www.nap.edu/" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher"><span itemprop="publisher">National Academies Press (US)</span></a>; <span itemprop="datePublished">1998</span>.<div class="small"><span class="label">ISBN-10: <span itemprop="isbn">0-309-06411-2</span></span>ISBN-13: <span itemprop="isbn">978-0-309-06411-8</span></div></div><div class="half_rhythm"><ul class="inline_list"><li><span class="label"><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_cpyrght_NBK114310" data-jigconfig="modal:true">Copyright and
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Permissions</a></span></li></ul></div><div id="_ncbi_dlg_cpyrght_NBK114310" style="display:none" title="Copyright and Permissions"><div><div>Copyright © 1998, National Academy of Sciences.</div><div>For more information, see the <a href="/books/about/copyright/">Bookshelf Copyright Notice</a>.</div></div></div><div class="small half_rhythm bk_noprnt"><a href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=6015" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=publisher">Hardcopy Version at National Academies Press</a></div><div class="bk_noprnt"><form method="get" action="/books/n/nap6015/" id="bk_srch"><div class="bk_search"><label for="bk_term" class="offscreen_noflow">Search term</label><input type="text" title="Search this book" id="bk_term" name="term" value="" data-jig="ncbiclearbutton" /> <input type="submit" class="jig-ncbibutton" value="Search this book" submit="false" style="padding: 0.1em 0.4em;" /></div></form></div></div></div></div><div class="body-content whole_rhythm" itemprop="text"><div itemprop="description"><h2>Excerpt</h2><p>This report is the second in a series that presents a comprehensive set of reference values for nutrient intakes for healthy U.S and Canadian populations. It is a product of the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (<a class="def" href="/books/n/nap6015/appp/def-item/appp.gl1-d36/">IOM</a>) working in cooperation with scientists from Canada.</p><p>The report establishes a set of reference values for the B vitamins and choline to replace previously published Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for the United States and Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) for Canada. It considers evidence concerning the prevention of disease and developmental disorders along with more traditional evidence of sufficient nutrient intake; and examines data about choline, a food component that in the past has not been considered essential in the human diet. Although the reference values are based on data, the data were often scanty or drawn from studies that had limitations in addressing the question. Thus, scientific judgment was required in setting the reference values. The reasoning used is described for each nutrient in <a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch4/">Chapters 4</a> through <a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch12/">12</a>. Evidence concerning the use of these nutrients for the amelioration or cure of disease or disability was not considered because that was beyond the project's scope of work.</p></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><div class="bktoc_all_cntnr top align_right" style="display:none"><ul class="inline_list_right"><li><a class="bktoc_all_exp" href="#">Expand All</a></li><li style="margin-left:.8em"><a class="bktoc_all_clps" href="#">Collapse All</a></li></ul></div><ul id="toc_tllNBK114310_fm_s1" class="simple-list toc toc-toggle"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_fm_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/fm.s1/" class="toc-item">THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_fm_s2"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/fm.s2/" class="toc-item">PANEL ON FOLATE, OTHER B VITAMINS, AND CHOLINE</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_fm_s4"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/fm.s4/" class="toc-item">SUBCOMMITTEE ON UPPER REFERENCE LEVELS OF NUTRIENTS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_fm_s7"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/fm.s7/" class="toc-item">STANDING COMMITTEE ON THE SCIENTIFIC EVALUATION OF DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_fm_s11"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/fm.s11/" class="toc-item">FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_fm_s14"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/fm.s14/" class="toc-item">Preface</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_summary"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/summary/" class="toc-item">Summary</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_summary_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_summary_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/summary/#summary.s1" class="toc-item">WHAT ARE DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_summary_s6"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/summary/#summary.s6" class="toc-item">COMPARISON OF RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES AND ADEQUATE INTAKES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_summary_s7"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/summary/#summary.s7" class="toc-item">APPROACH FOR SETTING DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_summary_s14"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/summary/#summary.s14" class="toc-item">CRITERIA AND PROPOSED VALUES FOR TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_summary_s15"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/summary/#summary.s15" class="toc-item">USING DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TO ASSESS THE NUTRIENT INTAKE OF GROUPS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_summary_s16"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/summary/#summary.s16" class="toc-item">HOW TO MEET RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES OR ADEQUATE INTAKES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_summary_s17"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/summary/#summary.s17" class="toc-item">RECOMMENDATIONS</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch1/" class="toc-item">1. Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch1_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch1_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch1/#ch1.s1" class="toc-item">WHAT ARE DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES?</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch1_s2"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch1/#ch1.s2" class="toc-item">CATEGORIES OF DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch1_s11"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch1/#ch1.s11" class="toc-item">PARAMETERS FOR DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch1_s14"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch1/#ch1.s14" class="toc-item">SUMMARY</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch1_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch1/#ch1.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch2"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch2/" class="toc-item">2. The B Vitamins and Choline: Overview and Methods</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch2_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch2_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch2/#ch2.s1" class="toc-item">OVERVIEW</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch2_s2"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch2/#ch2.s2" class="toc-item">METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch2_s13"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch2/#ch2.s13" class="toc-item">ESTIMATES OF LABORATORY VALUES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch2_s17"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch2/#ch2.s17" class="toc-item">ESTIMATES OF NUTRIENT INTAKE</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch2_s20"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch2/#ch2.s20" class="toc-item">DIETARY INTAKES IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch2_s24"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch2/#ch2.s24" class="toc-item">SUMMARY</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch2_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch2/#ch2.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch3"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch3/" class="toc-item">3. A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch3_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch3_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch3/#ch3.s1" class="toc-item">BACKGROUND</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch3_s2"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch3/#ch3.s2" class="toc-item">A MODEL FOR THE DERIVATION OF TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch3_s3"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch3/#ch3.s3" class="toc-item">RISK ASSESSMENT AND FOOD SAFETY</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch3_s7"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch3/#ch3.s7" class="toc-item">APPLICATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL TO NUTRIENTS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch3_s12"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch3/#ch3.s12" class="toc-item">STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch3_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch3/#ch3.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch4"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch4/" class="toc-item">4. Thiamin</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch4_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch4_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch4/#ch4.s1" class="toc-item">BACKGROUND INFORMATION</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch4_s4"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch4/#ch4.s4" class="toc-item">SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR THIAMIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch4_s9"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch4/#ch4.s9" class="toc-item">FACTORS AFFECTING THE THIAMIN REQUIREMENT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch4_s14"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch4/#ch4.s14" class="toc-item">FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch4_s37"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch4/#ch4.s37" class="toc-item">INTAKE OF THIAMIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch4_s41"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch4/#ch4.s41" class="toc-item">TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch4_s47"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch4/#ch4.s47" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THIAMIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch4_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch4/#ch4.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch5"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch5/" class="toc-item">5. Riboflavin</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch5_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch5_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch5/#ch5.s1" class="toc-item">BACKGROUND INFORMATION</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch5_s10"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch5/#ch5.s10" class="toc-item">SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR RIBOFLAVIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch5_s17"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch5/#ch5.s17" class="toc-item">FACTORS AFFECTING THE RIBOFLAVIN REQUIREMENT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch5_s25"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch5/#ch5.s25" class="toc-item">APPROACHES FOR DERIVING THE ESTIMATED AVERAGE REQUIREMENT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch5_s28"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch5/#ch5.s28" class="toc-item">FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch5_s48"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch5/#ch5.s48" class="toc-item">INTAKE OF RIBOFLAVIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch5_s52"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch5/#ch5.s52" class="toc-item">TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch5_s58"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch5/#ch5.s58" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RIBOFLAVIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch5_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch5/#ch5.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch6"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch6/" class="toc-item">6. Niacin</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch6_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch6_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch6/#ch6.s1" class="toc-item">BACKGROUND INFORMATION</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch6_s7"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch6/#ch6.s7" class="toc-item">SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR NIACIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch6_s13"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch6/#ch6.s13" class="toc-item">FACTORS AFFECTING THE NIACIN REQUIREMENT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch6_s17"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch6/#ch6.s17" class="toc-item">FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch6_s34"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch6/#ch6.s34" class="toc-item">INTAKE OF NIACIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch6_s38"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch6/#ch6.s38" class="toc-item">TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch6_s48"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch6/#ch6.s48" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NIACIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch6_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch6/#ch6.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch7"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch7/" class="toc-item">7. Vitamin B<sub>6</sub></a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch7_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch7_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch7/#ch7.s1" class="toc-item">BACKGROUND INFORMATION</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch7_s9"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch7/#ch7.s9" class="toc-item">SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR VITAMIN B<sub>6</sub></a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch7_s19"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch7/#ch7.s19" class="toc-item">FACTORS AFFECTING THE VITAMIN B<sub>6</sub> REQUIREMENT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch7_s28"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch7/#ch7.s28" class="toc-item">FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch7_s47"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch7/#ch7.s47" class="toc-item">INTAKE OF VITAMIN B<sub>6</sub></a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch7_s51"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch7/#ch7.s51" class="toc-item">TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch7_s63"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch7/#ch7.s63" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VITAMIN B<sub>6</sub></a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch7_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch7/#ch7.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/" class="toc-item">8. Folate</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch8_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/#ch8.s1" class="toc-item">BACKGROUND INFORMATION</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8_s7"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/#ch8.s7" class="toc-item">SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR FOLATE</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8_s14"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/#ch8.s14" class="toc-item">METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8_s17"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/#ch8.s17" class="toc-item">FACTORS AFFECTING THE FOLATE REQUIREMENT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8_s35"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/#ch8.s35" class="toc-item">FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8_s62"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/#ch8.s62" class="toc-item">REDUCING RISK OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AND CHRONIC DEGENERATIVE DISEASE</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8_s80"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/#ch8.s80" class="toc-item">INTAKE OF FOLATE</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8_s84"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/#ch8.s84" class="toc-item">TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8_s95"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/#ch8.s95" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOLATE</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch8_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch8/#ch8.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/" class="toc-item">9. Vitamin B<sub>12</sub></a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch9_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/#ch9.s1" class="toc-item">BACKGROUND INFORMATION</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9_s11"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/#ch9.s11" class="toc-item">SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR VITAMIN B<sub>12</sub></a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9_s18"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/#ch9.s18" class="toc-item">METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9_s21"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/#ch9.s21" class="toc-item">DIAGNOSIS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9_s24"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/#ch9.s24" class="toc-item">FACTORS AFFECTING THE VITAMIN B<sub>12</sub> REQUIREMENT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9_s35"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/#ch9.s35" class="toc-item">FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9_s60"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/#ch9.s60" class="toc-item">INTAKE OF VITAMIN B<sub>12</sub></a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9_s64"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/#ch9.s64" class="toc-item">TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9_s71"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/#ch9.s71" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VITAMIN B<sub>12</sub></a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch9_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch9/#ch9.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch10"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch10/" class="toc-item">10. Pantothenic Acid</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch10_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch10_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch10/#ch10.s1" class="toc-item">BACKGROUND INFORMATION</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch10_s8"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch10/#ch10.s8" class="toc-item">SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR PANTOTHENIC ACID</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch10_s14"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch10/#ch10.s14" class="toc-item">FACTORS AFFECTING THE PANTOTHENIC ACID REQUIREMENT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch10_s18"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch10/#ch10.s18" class="toc-item">FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch10_s40"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch10/#ch10.s40" class="toc-item">INTAKE OF PANTOTHENIC ACID</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch10_s44"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch10/#ch10.s44" class="toc-item">TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch10_s50"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch10/#ch10.s50" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PANTOTHENIC ACID</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch10_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch10/#ch10.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch11"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch11/" class="toc-item">11. Biotin</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch11_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch11_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch11/#ch11.s1" class="toc-item">BACKGROUND INFORMATION</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch11_s8"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch11/#ch11.s8" class="toc-item">SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR BIOTIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch11_s13"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch11/#ch11.s13" class="toc-item">FACTORS AFFECTING THE BIOTIN REQUIREMENT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch11_s14"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch11/#ch11.s14" class="toc-item">FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch11_s31"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch11/#ch11.s31" class="toc-item">INTAKE OF BIOTIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch11_s35"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch11/#ch11.s35" class="toc-item">TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch11_s39"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch11/#ch11.s39" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BIOTIN</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch11_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch11/#ch11.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch12"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch12/" class="toc-item">12. Choline</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch12_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch12_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch12/#ch12.s1" class="toc-item">BACKGROUND INFORMATION</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch12_s7"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch12/#ch12.s7" class="toc-item">SELECTION OF INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE REQUIREMENT FOR CHOLINE</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch12_s14"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch12/#ch12.s14" class="toc-item">FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHOLINE REQUIREMENT</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch12_s19"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch12/#ch12.s19" class="toc-item">FINDINGS BY LIFE STAGE AND GENDER GROUP</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch12_s36"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch12/#ch12.s36" class="toc-item">INTAKE OF CHOLINE</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch12_s40"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch12/#ch12.s40" class="toc-item">TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch12_s53"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch12/#ch12.s53" class="toc-item">RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHOLINE</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch12_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch12/#ch12.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch13"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch13/" class="toc-item">13. Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch13_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch13_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch13/#ch13.s1" class="toc-item">OVERVIEW</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch13_s2"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch13/#ch13.s2" class="toc-item">USING RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch13_s5"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch13/#ch13.s5" class="toc-item">USING ADEQUATE INTAKES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch13_s6"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch13/#ch13.s6" class="toc-item">USING TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch13_s7"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch13/#ch13.s7" class="toc-item">USING ESTIMATED AVERAGE REQUIREMENTS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch13_s10"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch13/#ch13.s10" class="toc-item">OTHER USES OF DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch13_s11"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch13/#ch13.s11" class="toc-item">SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch13_s17"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch13/#ch13.s17" class="toc-item">SUMMARY</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch13_rl1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch13/#ch13.rl1" class="toc-item">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch14"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch14/" class="toc-item">14. A Research Agenda</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_ch14_s1" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch14_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch14/#ch14.s1" class="toc-item">APPROACH</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch14_s2"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch14/#ch14.s2" class="toc-item">IMPORTANT FEATURES OF STUDIES TO ESTIMATE REQUIREMENTS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch14_s3"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch14/#ch14.s3" class="toc-item">MAJOR KNOWLEDGE GAPS</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_ch14_s10"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/ch14/#ch14.s10" class="toc-item">THE RESEARCH AGENDA</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appendixes_appgroup1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appendixes.appgroup1/" class="toc-item">APPENDIXES</a><ul id="toc_lst_NBK114310_appa" class="simple-list toc bktoc_lst_exp"><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appa"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appa/" class="toc-item">A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appb"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appb/" class="toc-item">B Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appc"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appc/" class="toc-item">C Système International d'Unités</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appd"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appd/" class="toc-item">D Search Strategies</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appe"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appe/" class="toc-item">E Methodological Problems Associated with Laboratory Values and Food Composition Data for B Vitamins</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appf"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appf/" class="toc-item">F Dietary Intake Data from the Boston Nutritional Status Survey, 1981–1984</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appg"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appg/" class="toc-item">G Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1995</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_apph"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/apph/" class="toc-item">H Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appi"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appi/" class="toc-item">I Daily Intakes of B Vitamins by Canadian Men and Women, 1990, 1993</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appj"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appj/" class="toc-item">J Options for Dealing with Uncertainties in Developing Tolerable Upper Intake Levels</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appk"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appk/" class="toc-item">K Blood Concentrations of Folate and Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appl"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appl/" class="toc-item">L Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appm"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appm/" class="toc-item">M Evidence from Animal Studies on the Etiology of Neural Tube Defects</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appn"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appn/" class="toc-item">N Estimation of the Period Covered by Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Stores</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appo"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appo/" class="toc-item">O Biographical Sketches</a></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_appp"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/appp/" class="toc-item">P Glossary and Abbreviations</a></li></ul></li><li class="half_rhythm" id="toc_itm_NBK114310_summarytable_s1"><a href="/books/n/nap6015/summarytable.s1/" class="toc-item">SUMMARY TABLE</a></li></ul><div class="bktoc_all_cntnr align_right" style="display:none"><ul class="inline_list_right"><li><a class="bktoc_all_exp" href="#">Expand All</a></li><li style="margin-left:.8em"><a class="bktoc_all_clps" href="#">Collapse All</a></li></ul></div></div><div><p>This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Contract No. 282-96-0033, T01; the National Institutes of Health Office of Nutrition Supplements, Contract No. N01-OD-4-2139, T024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity; Health Canada; the Institute of Medicine; and the Dietary Reference Intakes Corporate Donors' Fund. Contributors to the Fund include Roche Vitamins Inc, Mead Johnson Nutrition Group, Daiichi Fine Chemicals, Inc, Kemin Foods, Inc, M&M Mars, Weider Nutrition Group, and Natural Source Vitamin E Association.</p></div><div><p>The opinions or conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the funders.</p><p>NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.</p></div></div></div>
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<div class="post-content"><div><div class="half_rhythm"><a href="/books/about/copyright/">Copyright</a> © 1998, National Academy of Sciences.</div><div class="small"><span class="label">Bookshelf ID: NBK114310</span><span class="label">PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23193625" title="PubMed record of this title" ref="pagearea=meta&targetsite=entrez&targetcat=link&targettype=pubmed">23193625</a></span>DOI: <a href="http://dx.crossref.org/10.17226/6015" ref="pagearea=body&targetsite=external&targetcat=link&targettype=uri">10.17226/6015</a></div><div style="margin-top:2em" class="bk_noprnt"><div class="pagination bk_noprnt"><span class="inactive page_link prev">< Prev</span><a class="active page_link next" href="/books/n/nap6015/fm.s1/" title="Next page in this title">Next ></a></div></div></div></div>
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<div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Views</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PDF_download" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/NBK114310/?report=reader">PubReader</a></li><li><a href="/books/NBK114310/?report=printable">Print View</a></li><li><a data-jig="ncbidialog" href="#_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK114310" data-jigconfig="width:400,modal:true">Cite this Page</a><div id="_ncbi_dlg_citbx_NBK114310" style="display:none" title="Cite this Page"><div class="bk_tt">Institute of Medicine (US) Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1998. <span class="bk_cite_avail"></span> doi: 10.17226/6015</div></div></li><li><a href="/books/n/nap6015/pdf/">PDF version of this title</a> (2.6M)</li><li><a href="#" class="toggle-glossary-link" title="Enable/disable links to the glossary">Disable Glossary Links</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Other titles in this collection</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="source-links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="simple-list"><li><a href="/books/n/napcollect/">The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Related information</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/books/?Db=nlmcatalog&DbFrom=books&Cmd=Link&LinkName=books_nlmcatalog&IdsFromResult=2991104" ref="log$=recordlinks">NLM Catalog</a><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related NLM Catalog Entries</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Similar articles in PubMed</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="PBooksDiscovery_RA" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><ul><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/9627630" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Dietary Reference Intakes: the new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline.</a><span class="source">[J Am Diet Assoc. 1998]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Dietary Reference Intakes: the new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 Jun; 98(6):699-706. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/25057725" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment</a><span class="source">[ 2000]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Institute of Medicine (US) Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, Institute of Medicine (US) Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">2000</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/20845565" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients</a><span class="source">[ 1998]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow"><span xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="invert">Review</span> Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Institute of Medicine (US) Food and Nutrition Board. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">1998</em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/18460438" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">Recommended energy and nutrient intakes for Filipinos 2002.</a><span class="source">[Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Recommended energy and nutrient intakes for Filipinos 2002.<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Barba CV, Cabrera MI. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008; 17 Suppl 2:399-404. </em></div></div></li><li class="brieflinkpopper two_line"><a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed/9252918" ref="ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed">Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDIs), Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs), and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) are not "recommended intakes".</a><span class="source">[J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. ...]</span><div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDIs), Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs), and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) are not "recommended intakes".<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="author">Aggett PJ, Bresson J, Haschke F, Hernell O, Koletzko B, Lafeber HN, Michaelsen KF, Micheli J, Ormisson A, Rey J, et al. </em><em xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" class="cit">J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997 Aug; 25(2):236-41. </em></div></div></li></ul><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=23193625" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedreviews_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See reviews...</a><a class="seemore" href="/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed&uid=23193625" ref="ordinalpos=1&log$=relatedarticles_seeall&logdbfrom=pubmed">See all...</a></div></div><div class="portlet"><div class="portlet_head"><div class="portlet_title"><h3><span>Recent Activity</span></h3></div><a name="Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="Shutter"></a></div><div class="portlet_content"><div xmlns:np="http://ncbi.gov/portal/XSLT/namespace" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="HTDisplay" class=""><div class="action"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('ClearHT')">Clear</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOff')" class="HTOn">Turn Off</a><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')" class="HTOff">Turn On</a></div><ul id="activity"><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d6a60a84f3725e5917f0d7">Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, V...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_qry two_line"><a class="htb" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d6a6032f30673f7be425d0">NLM Catalog Links for Books (Select 2991104) <span class="number">(1)</span></a><div class="tertiary">NLM Catalog</div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d6a60067c23b31e09e64d7">SUMMARY TABLE - Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitam...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">SUMMARY TABLE - Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d6a5ffcde49f3df7c8c291">Biographical Sketches - Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niaci...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Biographical Sketches - Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li><li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line"><a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d6a5ff67c23b31e09e5fd0">Glossary and Abbreviations - Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, ...</a><div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Glossary and Abbreviations - Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div><div class="tertiary"></div></li></ul><p class="HTOn">Your browsing activity is empty.</p><p class="HTOff">Activity recording is turned off.</p><p id="turnOn" class="HTOff"><a href="javascript:historyDisplayState('HTOn')">Turn recording back on</a></p><a class="seemore" href="/sites/myncbi/recentactivity">See more...</a></div></div></div>
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