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<h1>Porphyrin Tests</h1>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What are porphyrin tests?</h2>
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<p>Porphyrin tests measure the level of porphyrins in your blood, urine (pee), or stool (poop). Your body uses porphyrins to make heme. Heme is part of hemoglobin , which is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body.</p>
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<p>It's normal to have a small amount of porphyrins in your blood and other body fluids. But too much porphyrin may mean you have a type of <a data-tid="1249" href="https://medlineplus.gov/porphyria.html">porphyria</a>. Porphyrias are a group of diseases that happen if you lack one of the proteins necessary to change porphyrins into heme. If your body doesn't use porphyrins correctly, they can build up and cause illness.</p>
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<p>Porphyrias are very uncommon disorders that are usually <a data-tid="33" href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">inherited</a>. That means these diseases tend to run in families because of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation/">change in a gene</a> that's passed down from parents to children. There are two main groups of porphyrias:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Acute porphyrias</strong> happen suddenly and usually last days or weeks. They mainly affect the <a data-tid="341" href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">nervous system</a>. Sometimes they affect the skin, too.</li>
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<li><strong>Cutaneous porphyrias</strong> are long lasting and affect only the skin, causing blisters or pain when you are exposed to sunlight</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Each group of porphyrias includes different types of the disease.</p>
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<p>Other names: protoporphyrin; protoporphyrin, blood; protoporhyrin, stool; porphyrins, feces; uroporphyrin; porphyrins, urine; Mauzerall-Granick test; acid; ALA; porphobilinogen; PBG; free erythrocyte protoporphyrin; fractionated erythrocyte porphyrins; FEP</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What are they used for?</h2>
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<p>Porphyrin tests are used to diagnose or monitor all types of porphyria.</p></div>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Why do I need a porphyrin test?</h2>
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<p>You may need a porphyrin test if you have symptoms of porphyria. Each porphyria group has different symptoms:</p>
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<p><strong>Symptoms of acute porphyria</strong> may be mild or severe. Without early treatment, they may get worse and even become life-threatening. Symptoms may include:</p>
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<ul>
|
||
<li><a data-tid="3061" href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">Pain in the abdomen (belly)</a>, back, or arms and legs</li>
|
||
<li><a data-tid="200" href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li>
|
||
<li><a data-tid="489" href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and vomiting</a></li>
|
||
<li>Mental changes, such as anxiety, confusion, and <a data-tid="396" href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">seizures</a></li>
|
||
<li><a data-tid="4889" href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html">Problems urinating (peeing)</a>, <a data-tid="114" href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html">leaking urine</a>, or red or brown urine</li>
|
||
<li>Problems with nerves that control movement, which may cause muscle weakness, paralysis, and breathing problems</li>
|
||
<li>Skin <a data-tid="6419" href="https://medlineplus.gov/blisters.html">blisters</a> when skin is in sunlight (for certain types of acute porphyria)</li>
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||
</ul>
|
||
<p><strong>Symptoms of cutaneous porphyria</strong> happen when skin is exposed to sunlight. Symptoms of some types of cutaneous porphyria include:</p>
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||
<ul>
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||
<li>Blisters</li>
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||
<li>Fragile skin that is easily wounded and slow to heal</li>
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||
<li>Infections in blisters or wounds</li>
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||
<li><a data-tid="406" href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinpigmentationdisorders.html">Changes in skin color</a> or scarring</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Other types of cutaneous porphyria usually don't cause blisters. Instead, sunlight may cause these skin symptoms:</p>
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||
<ul>
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<li>Pain, burning, stinging, or tingling</li>
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||
<li>Redness</li>
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<li>Swelling</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If someone in your family has porphyria, you may need a porphyrin test to see if you have inherited the condition. But the most common type of porphyria isn't inherited. It usually develops after age 30 and may be caused by conditions, such as:</p>
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<li><a data-tid="1220" href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html">Hemochromatosis</a></li>
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<li><a data-tid="108" href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a></li>
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<li><a data-tid="454" href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">Viral infections</a>, such as <a data-tid="1286" href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C </a>and <a data-tid="1" href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li>
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<li>Taking estrogen in medicines, such as <a data-tid="160" href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control pills</a> and <a data-tid="1610" href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">hormonal replacement therapy</a>.</li>
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</section>
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<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What happens during porphyrin testing?</h2>
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<p>Porphyrins can be tested in blood, urine, or stool. The most common types of porphyrin tests are listed below.</p>
|
||
<ul>
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||
<li><strong>Blood Test</strong>
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||
<ul>
|
||
<li>A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>24-Hour Urine Sample</strong>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>You will collect all your urine during a 24-hour period. For this test, your health care provider or laboratory will give you a container and specific instructions on how to collect your samples at home. Be sure to follow all instructions carefully. This 24-hour urine sample test is used because the amounts of substances in urine, including porphyrin, can vary throughout the day. So collecting several samples in a day may give a more accurate picture of your urine content.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Random Urine Test</strong>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>You can provide your sample at any time of day, with no special preparations or handling needed. This test is often done in your provider's office or a lab.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Stool Test</strong> (also called protoporphyrin in stool)
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>You will collect a sample of your stool and place it in a special container. Your provider will give you instructions on how to prepare your sample and send it to a lab.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Will I need to do anything to prepare for the test?</h2>
|
||
<p>You don't need any special preparations for blood or urine tests.</p>
|
||
<p>For a stool test, you may be instructed to not eat meat or take any aspirin-containing medicines for three days prior to your test.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Are there any risks to porphyrin tests?</h2>
|
||
<p>There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.</p>
|
||
<p>There are no known risks to urine or stool tests.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>What do the results mean?</h2>
|
||
<p>If high levels of porphyrin are found in your blood, urine, or stool, your provider will probably order more tests to confirm a diagnosis and to find out what kind of porphyria you have. While there is no cure for porphyria, the condition can be managed. Certain lifestyle changes and/or medicines can help prevent the symptoms and complications of the disease. Specific treatment depends on the type of porphyria you have. If you have questions about your results or about porphyria, talk to your provider.</p>
|
||
<p>Learn more about <a data-pid="806" href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/how-to-understand-your-lab-results/">laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results</a>.</p></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section><div class="mp-content"><h2>Is there anything else I need to know about porphyrin tests?</h2>
|
||
<p>While most types of porphyria are inherited, other types of porphyria can also be acquired. Acquired porphyria can be caused by a variety of factors, including overexposure to <a data-tid="608" href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html">lead</a>, HIV, hepatitis C, excess <a data-tid="5542" href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html">iron</a> intake, and/or heavy alcohol use.</p></div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<section><div class="mp-refs mp-content"><h2>References</h2>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>American Porphyria Foundation [Internet]. Houston: American Porphyria Foundation; c2010–2022. About Porphyria; [cited 2022 May 11]; [about 6 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/about-porphyria" target="bibliowin">https://www.porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/about-porphyria</a></li>
|
||
<li>American Porphyria Foundation [Internet]. Houston: American Porphyria Foundation; c2010–2022. Porphyrins and Porphyria Diagnosis; [cited 2022 May 11]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/about-porphyria/testing-for-porphyria/diagnosis" target="bibliowin">https://www.porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/about-porphyria/testing-for-porphyria/diagnosis</a></li>
|
||
<li>American Porphyria Foundation [Internet]. Houston: American Porphyria Foundation; c2010–2022. First Line Tests; [cited 2022 May 11]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/about-porphyria/testing-for-porphyria/first-line-tests" target="bibliowin">https://www.porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/about-porphyria/testing-for-porphyria/first-line-tests</a></li>
|
||
<li>Hepatitis B Foundation [Internet]. Doylestown (PA): Hepb.org; c2022. Inherited Metabolic Diseases; [cited 2022 May 11]; [about 11 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.hepb.org/research-and-programs/liver/risk-factors-for-liver-cancer/inherited-metabolic-diseases" target="bibliowin">https://www.hepb.org/research-and-programs/liver/risk-factors-for-liver-cancer/inherited-metabolic-diseases</a></li>
|
||
<li>Hinkle J, Cheever K. Brunner & Suddarth's Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. 2nd Ed, Kindle. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2014. Fractionated Erythrocyte Porphyrins (FEP); p. 308.</li>
|
||
<li>Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1998–2022. Porphyria: Symptoms and Causes; [cited 2022 May 11]; [about 6 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/porphyria/symptoms-causes/syc-20356066" target="bibliowin">https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/porphyria/symptoms-causes/syc-20356066</a></li>
|
||
<li>Mayo Clinic: Mayo Medical Laboratories [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1995–2022. Test ID: FQPPS: Porphyrins, Feces: Overview; [cited 2022 May 11]; [about 2 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/81652" target="bibliowin">https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/81652</a></li>
|
||
<li>Mayo Clinic: Mayo Medical Laboratories [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; c1995–2022. Test ID: FQPPS: Porphyrins, Feces: Specimen; [cited 2022 May 11]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/81652#Specimen" target="bibliowin">https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/81652#Specimen</a></li>
|
||
<li>Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co. Inc.; c2022. Acute Intermittent Porphyria; [modified 2020 Dec; cited 2022 May 11]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/porphyrias/acute-intermittent-porphyria" target="bibliowin">https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/porphyrias/acute-intermittent-porphyria</a></li>
|
||
<li>Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co. Inc.; c2022. Overview of Porphyrias; [modified 2020 Dec; cited 2022 May 11]; [about 3 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/porphyrias/overview-of-porphyrias" target="bibliowin">https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/porphyrias/overview-of-porphyrias</a></li>
|
||
<li>Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co. Inc.; c2022. Porphyria Cutanea Tarda; [modified 2020 Dec; cited 2022 May 11]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/porphyrias/porphyria-cutanea-tarda" target="bibliowin">https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/porphyrias/porphyria-cutanea-tarda</a></li>
|
||
<li>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Blood Tests; [updated 2022 Mar 24; cited 2022 May 11]; [about 7 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests" target="bibliowin">https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood-tests</a></li>
|
||
<li>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Porphyria;[updated 2020 July; cited 2022 May 11]; [about 11 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/porphyria" target="bibliowin">https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/porphyria</a></li>
|
||
<li>Testing.com [Internet]. Seattle (WA): OneCare Media; c2022. Porphyrin Tests; [modified 2020 May 7; cited 2022 May 11]; [about 13 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.testing.com/tests/porphyrin-tests/" target="bibliowin">https://www.testing.com/tests/porphyrin-tests/</a></li>
|
||
<li>University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): University of Rochester Medical Center; c2022. Health Encyclopedia: Porphyrins (Urine); [cited 2022 May 11]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: <a href="https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=porphyrins_urine" target="bibliowin">https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=porphyrins_urine</a></li>
|
||
</ol></div>
|
||
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"@context": "http://schema.org",
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"headline": "Porphyrin Tests",
|
||
"description": "Porphyrin tests measure the level of porphyrins in your blood, urine (pee), or stool (poop). Your body uses porphyrins to make heme. Heme is part of hemoglobin , which is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. It's normal to have a small amount of porphyrins in your blood and other body fluids. But too much porphyrin may mean you have a type of porphyria. Porphyrias are a group of diseases that happen if you lack one of the proteins necessary to change porphyrins into heme. If your body doesn't use porphyrins correctly, they can build up and cause illness. Porphyrias are very uncommon disorders that are usually inherited. That means these diseases tend to run in families because of a change in a gene that's passed down from parents to children. There are two main groups of porphyrias: Acute porphyrias happen suddenly and usually last days or weeks. They mainly affect the nervous system. Sometimes they affect the skin, too.; Cutaneous porphyrias are long lasting and affect only the skin, causing blisters or pain when you are exposed to sunlight; Each group of porphyrias includes different types of the disease. Other names: protoporphyrin; protoporphyrin, blood; protoporhyrin, stool; porphyrins, feces; uroporphyrin; porphyrins, urine; Mauzerall-Granick test; acid; ALA; porphobilinogen; PBG; free erythrocyte protoporphyrin; fractionated erythrocyte porphyrins; FEP",
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