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</div><div><span>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the buildup of fat in the liver that is not caused by drinking too much alcohol. People who have it do not have a history of heavy drinking. NAFLD is usually but not always related to being overweight.</p><p>For many people, NAFLD causes no symptoms or problems. A more severe form of the disease is called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can cause <a test="test" href="./000255.htm">cirrhosis</a> and liver failure. It can also cause <a test="test" href="./000280.htm">liver cancer</a>.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>NAFLD is the result of more than normal deposits of fat in the liver. Things that may put you at risk include any of the following:</p><ul><li>Being overweight or <a test="test" href="./007297.htm">obese</a>. The more overweight you are, the higher the risk.</li><li><a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000778.htm">Prediabetes</a> (insulin resistance).</li><li><a test="test" href="./000313.htm">Type 2 diabetes</a>.
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</li><li><a test="test" href="./000403.htm">High cholesterol</a>.
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</li><li>High triglycerides.</li><li>
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High blood pressure. </li></ul><p>Other risk factors may include:</p><ul><li>Rapid weight loss and poor diet</li><li><a test="test" href="./007199.htm">Gastric bypass surgery</a></li><li>Bowel disease</li><li>Certain medicines, such as calcium channel blockers and some cancer medicines</li></ul><p>NAFLD also occurs in people who have no known risk factors.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>People with NAFLD often have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, the most common include:</p><ul><li>Fatigue</li><li>Pain in the upper right abdomen </li></ul><p>In people with NASH who have <a test="test" href="./000255.htm">liver damage</a> (cirrhosis), symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>Weakness</li><li>Loss of appetite</li><li>Nausea</li><li>Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice)</li><li>Itching</li><li>Fluid buildup and swelling in the legs and abdomen</li><li>Mental confusion</li><li>GI bleeding </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>NAFLD is often found during <a test="test" href="./003436.htm">routine blood tests</a> that are used to see how well the liver is working.</p><p>You may have the following tests to measure liver function:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003642.htm">Complete blood count</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003652.htm">Prothrombin time</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003480.htm">Blood albumin level</a></li><li>Serum transaminases</li></ul><p>Your health care provider may order certain imaging tests, including:</p><ul><li>Ultrasound to confirm a diagnosis of NAFLD</li><li><a test="test" href="./003796.htm">MRI</a> and <a test="test" href="./003789.htm">CT scan</a></li><li>Fibroscan (elastography)</li></ul><p>A <a test="test" href="./003895.htm">liver biopsy</a> is needed to confirm a diagnosis of NASH, the more severe form of NAFLD.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>There is no specific treatment for NAFLD. The goal is to manage your risk factors and any health conditions.</p><p>Your provider will help you understand your condition and the healthy choices that can help you take care of your liver. These may include:</p><ul><li>Losing weight if you are overweight.</li><li>Eating a healthy diet that is low in salt.</li><li>Not drinking alcohol.</li><li>Staying physically active.</li><li>Managing health conditions such as <a test="test" href="./001214.htm">diabetes</a> and high blood pressure.</li><li>Getting vaccinated for diseases such as <a test="test" href="./000278.htm">hepatitis A</a> and <a test="test" href="./000279.htm">hepatitis B</a>.</li><li>Lowering your cholesterol and triglyceride levels.</li><li>Taking medicines as directed. Talk to your provider about all medicines you take, including herbs and supplements and over-the-counter medicines.</li></ul><p>Losing weight and managing diabetes can slow or sometimes reverse the deposit of fat in the liver.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Many people with NAFLD have no health problems and do not go on to develop NASH. Losing weight and making healthy lifestyle choices can help prevent more serious problems. </p><p>It is unclear why some people develop NASH. NASH can lead to <a test="test" href="./000255.htm">cirrhosis</a>.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Most people with NAFLD do not know they have it. See your provider if you begin to have unusual symptoms such as fatigue or abdominal pain.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>To help prevent NAFLD:</p><ul><li>Maintain a healthy weight.</li><li>Eat a healthy diet.</li><li>Exercise regularly.</li><li>Limit alcohol consumption.</li><li>Use medicines properly.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Fatty liver; Steatosis; Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NASH</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8850t.jpg" alt="Liver" title="Liver" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8850.htm">Liver</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. Eating, diet, and nutrition for NAFLD and NASH. <a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/eating-diet-nutrition" target="_blank">www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/eating-diet-nutrition</a>. Updated April 2021. Accessed June 8, 2023.</p><p>Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. <em>Hepatology</em>. 2023;77(5):1797-1835. PMID: 36727674 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36727674/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36727674/</a>.</p><p>Torres DM, Harrison SA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. <em>Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management</em>. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 87.</p></div></div></section>
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