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</div><div><span>Renal arteriography</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Renal arteriography</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Renal arteriography is a special x-ray of the arteries of the kidneys.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>This test is done in the hospital or outpatient office by a radiologist usually assisted by a technician or other staff members. You will lie on an x-ray table.</p><p>Doctors often use an artery near the groin for the test. Occasionally, the doctor may use an artery in the wrist.</p><p>Your doctor will:</p><ul><li>Clean and shave the area.</li><li>Apply a numbing medicine to the area.</li><li>Place a needle into the artery.</li><li>Pass a thin wire through the needle into the artery.</li><li>Take out the needle.</li><li>Insert a long, narrow, flexible tube called a catheter in its place. </li></ul><p>The doctor directs the catheter into correct position using x-ray images of the body. An instrument called fluoroscope sends the images to a TV monitor, which the doctor can see.</p><p>The catheter is pushed ahead over the wire into the aorta (main blood vessel from the heart). It then enters the kidney artery. The test uses a special dye (called contrast) to help the arteries show on the x-ray. The blood vessels of the kidneys are not seen with ordinary x-rays. The dye flows through the catheter into the kidney artery.</p><p>X-ray images are taken as the dye moves through the blood vessels. Saline (sterile salt water) containing a blood thinner may also be sent through the catheter to keep blood in the area from clotting.</p><p>The catheter is removed after the x-rays are taken. A closure device is placed in the groin or pressure is applied to the area to stop the bleeding. You may be asked to keep your leg straight for 4 to 6 hours after the procedure.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How to Prepare for the Test</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Tell your doctor if:</p><ul><li>You are pregnant</li><li>You have ever had any bleeding problems</li><li>You currently take blood thinners, including daily aspirin</li><li>You ever had any <a test="test" href="./000005.htm">allergic reactions</a>, especially those related to x-ray contrast material or iodine substances</li><li>You have ever been diagnosed with kidney failure or poorly functioning kidneys </li></ul><p>You must sign a consent form. DO NOT eat or drink anything for 6 to 8 hours before the test. You will be given a hospital gown to wear and asked to remove all jewelry. You may be given a pain pill (sedative) before the procedure or IV sedatives during the procedure.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test will Feel</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>You will lie flat on the x-ray table. There is usually a cushion, but it is not as comfortable as a bed. You may feel a sting when the anesthesia medicine is given. You may feel some pressure and discomfort as the catheter is positioned.</p><p>Some people feel a warm sensation when the dye is injected, but most people cannot feel it. You don't feel the catheter inside your body.</p><p>There may be slight tenderness and bruising at the site of the injection after the test.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Renal arteriography is often done after other tests are done first. These may include <a test="test" href="./003433.htm">duplex ultrasound</a>, CT abdomen, CT angiogram, MRI abdomen, or MRI angiogram. These tests may show the following problems.</p><ul><li>Abnormal widening of an artery, called an <a test="test" href="./001122.htm">aneurysm</a></li><li>Abnormal connections between veins and arteries (<a test="test" href="./002365.htm">fistulas</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001272.htm">Blood clot blocking an artery supplying the kidney</a></li><li>Unexplained high blood pressure thought to be due to <a test="test" href="./000204.htm">narrowing of the blood vessels of the kidneys</a></li><li>Benign tumors and cancers involving the kidneys</li><li>Active bleeding from the kidney </li></ul><p>If these tests show problems renal arteriography may be used to guide a treatment such as embolization or arterial stent placement.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Normal Results</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Results may vary. Talk to your health care provider about the meaning of your specific test results.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What Abnormal Results Mean</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Renal angiography may show the presence of tumors, narrowing of the artery or aneurysms (widening of the vein or artery), blood clots, fistulas, or bleeding in the kidney.</p><p>The test may also be done with the following conditions: </p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001272.htm">Blockage of an artery by a blood clot</a></li><li>Renal artery stenosis</li><li><a test="test" href="./000516.htm">Renal cell cancer</a></li><li>Angiomyolipomas (noncancerous tumors of the kidney) </li></ul><p>Some of these problems can be treated with techniques done at the same time the arteriogram is performed.</p><ul><li>Angioplasty is a procedure to open a narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to your kidneys.</li><li>A stent is a small, metal mesh tube that keeps the artery open. It may be placed to keep a narrowed artery open.</li><li>Cancers and noncancerous tumors can be treated using a process called embolization. This involves using substances that block blood flow in order to kill or shrink the tumor. Sometimes, this is performed in combination with surgery.</li><li>Bleeding can also be treated with embolization.<br/></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>The procedure is generally safe. There may be some risks, such as:</p><ul><li>Allergic reaction to the dye (contrast medium)</li><li>Arterial damage</li><li>Damage to the artery or artery wall, which can lead to blood clots</li><li>Kidney damage from damage to the artery or from the dye </li></ul><p>There is low <a test="test" href="./000026.htm">radiation exposure</a>. Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks related to x-rays.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Considerations</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>The test should NOT be done if you are pregnant or have severe bleeding problems.</p><p><a test="test" href="./007269.htm">Magnetic resonance angiography</a> (MRA) or CT angiography (CTA) can be done instead. MRA and CTA are noninvasive and can provide similar imaging of the kidney arteries, although they cannot be used for treatment.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Renal angiogram; Angiography - kidney; Renal angiography; Renal artery stenosis - arteriography</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Azarbal AF, Mclafferty RB. Arteriography. In: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, eds. <em>Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy.</em> 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 27.</p><p>Duddalwar VA, Jadvar H, Palmer SL. Diagnostic kidney imaging. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. <em>Brenner and Rector's The Kidney.</em> 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 25.
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</p><p>Textor SC. Renovascular hypertension and ischemic nephropathy. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. <em>Brenner and Rector's The Kidney.</em> 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 47.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 1/29/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Jason Levy, MD, FSIR, Northside Radiology Associates, Atlanta, GA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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