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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Catecholamines - urine</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Catecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland.</p><p>The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. These chemicals break down into other components, which leave your body through your urine.</p><p>A urine test can be done to measure the amount of catecholamines produced by your body. Separate urine tests may be done to measure related substances. </p><p>Catecholamines can also be measured with a <a test="test" href="./003561.htm">blood test</a>.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>For this test, you must collect your urine in a special bag or container every time you urinate for a 24-hour period.</p><ul><li>On day 1, urinate over the toilet when you wake up in the morning and discard that urine.</li><li>Urinate into the special container every time you use the bathroom for the next 24 hours. Keep it in the refrigerator or a cool place during the collection period.</li><li>On day 2, urinate into the container in the morning again when you wake up.</li><li>Label the container with your name, the date, the time of completion, and return it as instructed.</li></ul><p>For an infant, thoroughly wash the area where urine exits the body.</p><ul><li>Open a urine collection bag (a plastic bag with an adhesive paper on one end).</li><li>For males, place the entire <a test="test" href="./002279.htm">penis</a> in the bag and attach the adhesive to the skin.
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</li><li>For females, place the bag over the labia.</li><li>Diaper as usual over the secured bag.</li></ul><p>This procedure may take a few tries. An active baby can move the bag causing urine to go into the diaper.</p><p>Check the infant often and change the bag after the infant has urinated into it. Drain the urine from the bag into the container provided by your health care provider.</p><p>Deliver the sample to the laboratory or to your provider as soon as possible.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How to Prepare for the Test</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p><a test="test" href="./003211.htm">Stress</a> and heavy exercise may affect the test results.</p><p>Some foods can increase catecholamines in your urine. You may need to avoid the following foods and beverages for several days before the test:</p><ul><li>Bananas</li><li>Chocolate</li><li>Citrus fruits</li><li>Cocoa</li><li>Coffee</li><li>Licorice</li><li>Tea</li><li>Vanilla</li></ul><p>Many medicines can interfere with test results.</p><ul><li>Your provider will tell you if you need to stop taking any medicines before you have this test.</li><li>Do not stop or change your medicines without talking to your provider first.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test will Feel</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The test involves only normal urination, and there is no discomfort.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The test is usually done to diagnose an adrenal gland tumor called <a test="test" href="./000340.htm">pheochromocytoma</a>. It may also be used to diagnose a nervous system tumor called <a test="test" href="./001408.htm">neuroblastoma</a>. Urine catecholamine levels are increased in most people with neuroblastoma.</p><p>The urine test for catecholamines may also be used to monitor those who are receiving treatment for these conditions.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Normal Results</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>All of the catecholamines are broken down into inactive substances that appear in the urine:</p><ul><li>Dopamine becomes homovanillic acid (HVA)</li><li>Norepinephrine becomes normetanephrine and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)</li><li>Epinephrine becomes metanephrine and VMA</li></ul><p>The following normal values are the amount of the substance found in the urine over a 24-hour period:</p><ul><li>Dopamine: 65 to 400 micrograms (mcg)/24 hours (420 to 2612 nmol/24 hours)</li><li>Epinephrine: 0.5 to 20 mcg/24 hours</li><li>Metanephrine: 24 to 96 mcg/24 hours (some laboratories give the range as 140 - 785 mcg/24 hours)</li><li>Norepinephrine: 15 to 80 mcg/24 hours</li><li>Normetanephrine: 75 to 375 mcg/24 hours</li><li>Total urine catecholamines: 14 to 110 mcg/24 hours</li><li>VMA: 2 to 7 milligrams (mg)/24 hours (10 to 35 mcmol/24 hours)</li></ul><p>Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.</p><p>The examples above show the common measurements for results for these tests. Some laboratories use different measurements or may test different specimens.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What Abnormal Results Mean</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Elevated levels of urinary catecholamines may indicate:</p><ul><li>
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Acute <a test="test" href="./003211.htm">anxiety</a> or severe stress</li><li><a test="test" href="./001436.htm">Ganglioneuroblastoma</a> (very rare)
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</li><li><a test="test" href="./001437.htm">Ganglioneuroma</a> (very rare)
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</li><li>
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Neuroblastoma (rare)
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</li><li>
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Pheochromocytoma (rare)</li></ul><p>The test may also be performed for:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000399.htm">Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) II</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>There are no risks.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Considerations</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Several foods and drugs, as well as physical activity and stress, can affect the accuracy of this test.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Dopamine - urine test; Epinephrine - urine test; Adrenalin - urine test; Urine metanephrine; Normetanephrine; Norepinephrine - urine test; Urine catecholamines; VMA; HVA; Metanephrine; Homovanillic acid (HVA)</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1122t.jpg" alt="Female urinary tract" title="Female urinary tract" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1122.htm">Female urinary tract</a></li>
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Gruber HA, Oprea M. Russell YX. Evaluation of endocrine function. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. <em>Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods.</em> 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 25.</p><p>Young WF. Adrenal medulla, catecholamines, and pheochromocytoma. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 209.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 8/20/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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