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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>A toxicology screen refers to various tests that determine the type and approximate amount of legal and illegal drugs a person has taken by measuring how much is in their blood, urine, or other bodily fluid.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Toxicology screening is most often done using a blood or urine sample. However, it may be done soon after the person swallowed the medicine, using stomach contents taken through <a test="test" href="./003882.htm">gastric lavage</a> (stomach pumping) or after vomiting.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How to Prepare for the Test</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>No special preparation is needed. If you are able, tell your health care provider what drugs (including prescription and over-the-counter medicines) you have taken, including when you took them and how much you consumed.</p><p>This test is sometimes part of an investigation for drug use or abuse. Special consents, handling and labeling of specimens, or other procedures may be required.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test will Feel</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Blood test:</p><p>When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.</p><p>Urine test: </p><p>A urine test involves normal urination. There is no discomfort.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>This test is often done in emergency medical situations. It can be used to evaluate possible accidental or intentional overdose or poisoning. It may help determine the cause of <a test="test" href="./002215.htm">acute</a> drug toxicity, monitor drug dependency, and determine the presence of substances in the body for medical or legal purposes.</p><p>Additional reasons the test may be performed include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000944.htm">Alcohol use disorder</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000764.htm">Alcohol withdrawal state</a></li><li>Altered mental state</li><li><a test="test" href="./000482.htm">Analgesic nephropathy</a> (kidney poisoning)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000766.htm">Complicated alcohol abstinence syndrome (delirium tremens)</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000740.htm">Delirium</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000739.htm">Dementia</a></li><li>Drug abuse monitoring</li><li>Fetal alcohol syndrome</li><li>Intentional overdose</li><li>Seizures</li><li>Stroke caused by cocaine use</li><li>Suspected sexual assault</li><li>Unconsciousness </li></ul><p>If the test is used as a drug screen, it must be done within a certain amount of time after the drug was taken, or while forms of the drug can still be detected in the body. Examples are below:</p><ul><li>Alcohol: 3 to 10 hours</li><li>Amphetamines: 24 to 48 hours</li><li>Barbiturates: up to 6 weeks</li><li>Benzodiazepines: up to 6 weeks with high level use</li><li>Cocaine: 2 to 4 days; up to 10 to 22 days with heavy use</li><li>Codeine: 1 to 2 days</li><li>Heroin: 1 to 2 days</li><li>Hydromorphone: 1 to 2 days</li><li>Methadone: 2 to 3 days</li><li>Morphine: 1 to 2 days</li><li>Phencyclidine (PCP): 1 to 8 days</li><li>Propoxyphene: 6 to 48 hours</li><li>Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): up to 6 to 11 weeks with heavy use </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Normal Results</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Normal value ranges for over-the-counter or prescription medicines may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.</p><p>A negative value most often means that alcohol, prescription medicines that have not been prescribed, and illegal drugs have not been detected.</p><p>A blood toxicology screen can determine the presence and level (amount) of a drug in your body.</p><p>Urine sample results are often reported as positive (substance is found) or negative (no substance is found).</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What Abnormal Results Mean</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Elevated levels of alcohol or prescription drugs can be a sign of intentional or accidental intoxication or overdose.</p><p>The presence of illegal drugs or drugs not prescribed for the person indicates <a test="test" href="./001945.htm">illicit drug use</a>.</p><p>Some legal prescription and over-the-counter medicines may interact with the testing chemicals and false results in urine tests. Your provider will be aware of this possibility.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:</p><ul><li>Excessive bleeding</li><li>Fainting or feeling lightheaded</li><li>Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)</li><li>Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Considerations</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Substances that may be detected on a toxicology screen include:</p><ul><li>Alcohol (ethanol) -- "drinking" alcohol</li><li>Amphetamines</li><li>Antidepressants</li><li>Barbiturates and <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000758.htm">hypnotics</a></li><li>Benzodiazepines</li><li>Cocaine</li><li>Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)</li><li>Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)</li><li>Marijuana</li><li>Narcotics</li><li>Non-narcotic pain medicines, including acetaminophen and anti-inflammatory drugs</li><li>Phencyclidine (PCP)</li><li>Phenothiazines (antipsychotic or tranquilizing medicines)</li><li>Prescription medicines, any type </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Barbiturates - screen; Benzodiazepines - screen; Amphetamines - screen; Analgesics - screen; Antidepressants - screen; Narcotics - screen; Phenothiazines - screen; Drug abuse screen; Blood alcohol test</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Bluth MH, Pincus MR, Abraham NZ. Toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. <em>Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods</em>. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 24.</p><p>Langman LJ, Bechtel LK, Holstege CP. Clinical toxicology. In: Rifai N, Chiu RWK, Young I, Burnham Carey-Ann D, Wittwer CT, eds . <em>Tietz Textbook of Laboratory Medicine</em>. 7th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2023:chap 43.</p><p>Minns AB, Clark RF. Substance abuse. In: Walls RM, ed. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 187.</p><p>Mofenson HC, Caraccio TR, McGuigan M, Greensher J. Medical toxicology. In: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, Heidelbaugh JJ, Lee EM, eds. <em>Conn's Current Therapy 2023</em>. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:1404-1457.</p></div></div></section>
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