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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Risks of tobacco</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Knowing the serious health risks of using tobacco may help motivate you to quit. Using tobacco over a long time can increase your risk for many health problems.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Information</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Tobacco is a plant. Its leaves are smoked, chewed, or sniffed for a variety of effects.</p><ul><li>Tobacco contains the chemical nicotine, which is an addictive substance.</li><li>Tobacco smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, at least 70 of which are known to cause cancer.</li><li>Tobacco that is not burned is called smokeless tobacco. Including nicotine, there are at least 30 chemicals in smokeless tobacco that are known to cause cancer. </li></ul><p>HEALTH RISKS OF SMOKING OR USING SMOKELESS TOBACCO</p><p>There are many health risks from smoking and using tobacco. The more serious ones are listed below.</p><p>Heart and blood vessel problems:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./001124.htm">Blood clots</a> and <a test="test" href="./001414.htm">weakness in the walls of blood vessels</a> in the brain, which can lead to <a test="test" href="./000726.htm">stroke</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000156.htm">Blood clots in the legs</a>, which may travel to the lungs</li><li><a test="test" href="./007115.htm">Coronary artery disease</a>, including <a test="test" href="./001107.htm">angina</a> and heart attack</li><li>Temporarily <a test="test" href="./000468.htm">increased blood pressure</a> after smoking</li><li>Poor blood supply to the legs</li><li><a test="test" href="./007617.htm">Problems with erections</a> because of decreased blood flow into the penis </li></ul><p>Other health risks or problems:</p><ul><li>Cancer (more likely in the lung, mouth, larynx, nose and sinuses, throat, esophagus, stomach, bladder, kidney, pancreas, cervix, colon, and rectum)</li><li>Poor wound healing after surgery</li><li>Lung problems, such as <a test="test" href="./000091.htm">chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</a> (COPD), or <a test="test" href="./000141.htm">asthma</a> that is harder to control</li><li>Problems during pregnancy, such as babies born at a low birth weight, <a test="test" href="./001562.htm">early labor</a>, <a test="test" href="./001488.htm">losing your baby</a>, and <a test="test" href="./001051.htm">cleft lip</a></li><li>Decreased ability to taste and smell</li><li>Harm to sperm, which may lead to <a test="test" href="./001191.htm">infertility</a></li><li>Loss of sight due to an increased risk of <a test="test" href="./001000.htm">macular degeneration</a></li><li>Tooth and gum diseases</li><li>Wrinkling of the skin </li></ul><p>Smokers who switch to smokeless tobacco instead of quitting tobacco still have health risks:</p><ul><li>Increased risk for cancer of the mouth, tongue, esophagus, and pancreas</li><li>Gum problems, tooth wear, and <a test="test" href="./001055.htm">cavities</a></li><li>Worsening high blood pressure and angina </li></ul><p>HEALTH RISKS OF SECONDHAND SMOKE</p><p>Those who are often around the smoke of others (secondhand smoke) have a higher risk for:</p><ul><li>Heart attack and heart disease</li><li><a test="test" href="./000122.htm">Lung cancer</a></li><li>Sudden and severe irritant reactions, including of the eye, nose, throat, and lower respiratory tract </li></ul><p>Infants and children who are often exposed to secondhand smoke are at risk for:</p><ul><li>Asthma flares (children with asthma who live with a smoker are much more likely to visit the emergency room)</li><li>Infections of the mouth, throat, sinuses, ears, and lungs</li><li>Lung damage (poor lung function)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001566.htm">Sudden infant death syndrome</a> (SIDS) </li></ul><p>Like any addiction, quitting tobacco is difficult, especially if you are doing it alone.</p><ul><li>Seek support from family members, friends, and coworkers.</li><li>Talk to your health care provider about <a test="test" href="./007438.htm">nicotine replacement therapy</a> and <a test="test" href="./007439.htm">smoking cessation medicines</a>.</li><li>Join a <a test="test" href="./007440.htm">smoking cessation program</a> and you will have a much better chance of success. Such programs are offered by hospitals, health departments, community centers, and work sites. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Secondhand smoke - risks; Cigarette smoking - risks; Smoking and smokeless tobacco - risks; Nicotine - risks</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div name="Patient Instructions" class="section-body" id="section-carepnt"><ul class="side-nav"><li><a href="../patientinstructions/000240.htm">Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair - open - discharge </a></li>
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<li><a href="../patientinstructions/000235.htm">Angioplasty and stent placement - carotid artery - discharge </a></li>
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<li><a href="../patientinstructions/000236.htm">Aortic aneurysm repair - endovascular - discharge</a></li>
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<li><a href="../patientinstructions/000238.htm">Carotid artery surgery - discharge</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17192t.jpg" alt="Tobacco and vascular disease" title="Tobacco and vascular disease" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17192.htm">Tobacco and vascular disease</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17193t.jpg" alt="Tobacco and chemicals" title="Tobacco and chemicals" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17193.htm">Tobacco and chemicals</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/17195t.jpg" alt="Tobacco and cancer" title="Tobacco and cancer" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/17195.htm">Tobacco and cancer</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9975t.jpg" alt="Tobacco health risks" title="Tobacco health risks" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9975.htm">Tobacco health risks</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19349t.jpg" alt="Secondhand smoke and lung cancer" title="Secondhand smoke and lung cancer" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19349.htm">Secondhand smoke and lung cancer</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19533t.jpg" alt="Respiratory cilia" title="Respiratory cilia" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19533.htm">Respiratory cilia</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Atkinson DL, Minnix J, Cinciripini PM, Karam-Hage M. Nicotine. In: Johnson BA, ed. <em>Addiction Medicine: Science and Practice</em>. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 23.</p><p>Brunetta PG, Kroon L. Smoking cessation. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. <em>Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 66.</p><p>George TP. Nicotine and tobacco. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 363.</p><p>Gotts JE, Benowitz NL. Smoking hazards: Cigarettes, vaping, marijuana. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds.<em> Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 65.</p><p>US Preventive Services Task Force; Krist AH, Davidson KW, Mangione CM, et al. Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. <em>JAMA</em>. 2021;325(3):265-279. PMID: 33464343 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33464343/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33464343/</a>.</p></div></div></section>
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