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</div><div><span>Laryngeal nerve damage</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Laryngeal nerve damage</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Laryngeal nerve damage is injury to one or both of the nerves that cause the voice box to function.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Injury to the laryngeal nerves is uncommon.</p><p>When it does occur, it can be from:</p><ul><li>A complication of neck or chest surgery (especially thyroid, lung, heart surgery, or cervical spine surgery)</li><li>A breathing tube in the windpipe (endotracheal tube)</li><li>A viral infection that affects the nerves</li><li>Tumors in the neck or upper chest, such as <a test="test" href="./001213.htm">thyroid</a> or <a test="test" href="./007270.htm">lung cancer</a></li><li>A neurological condition </li><li>Neck or chest trauma</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms include:</p><ul><li>Difficulty speaking</li><li>Difficulty swallowing</li><li>Hoarseness</li></ul><p>Injury to the left and right laryngeal nerves at the same time can cause a breathing problem. This can be an urgent medical problem.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will check to see how your vocal cords move. Abnormal movement may mean that a laryngeal nerve is injured.</p><p>Tests may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003857.htm">Bronchoscopy</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003330.htm">CT scan</a> of the chest</li><li>Laryngoscopy</li><li><a test="test" href="./003335.htm">MRI</a> of the brain, neck, and chest</li><li><a test="test" href="./003337.htm">X-ray</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment depends on the cause of the injury. In some cases, no treatment may be needed and the nerve may recover on its own. Voice therapy is useful in some cases.</p><p>If surgery is needed, the goal is to change the position of the paralyzed vocal cord to improve the voice. This can be done with:</p><ul><li>Arytenoid adduction (stitches to move the vocal cord toward the middle of the airway)</li><li>Injections of collagen, Gelfoam, or another substance</li><li>Thyroplasty </li></ul><p>If both the left and right nerves are damaged, a hole may need to be cut into the windpipe (tracheotomy) right away to allow breathing. This is followed by another surgery at a later date.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outlook depends on the cause of the injury. In some cases, the nerve rapidly returns to normal. However, sometimes the damage is permanent.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Contact your provider if you have:</p><ul><li>Difficulty breathing (call right away)</li><li>Unexplained hoarseness that lasts for more than 3 weeks </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Vocal cord paralysis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19721t.jpg" alt="Nerves of the larynx" title="Nerves of the larynx" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19721.htm">Nerves of the larynx</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9502t.jpg" alt="Laryngeal nerve damage" title="Laryngeal nerve damage" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9502.htm">Laryngeal nerve damage</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Dexter EU. Perioperative care of the thoracic surgical patient. In: Sellke FW, del Nido PJ, Swanson SJ, eds. <em>Sabiston and Spencer Surgery of the Chest</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 4.</p><p>Nouraei SAR, Sandhu GS. Laryngeal and esophageal trauma. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. <em>Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 66.</p><p>Woodson G. Pathophysiology of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. In: Randolph GW, ed. <em>Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands</em>. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 42.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 11/29/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Josef Shargorodsky, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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