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</div><div><span>Grief</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Grief</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Grief is a reaction to a major loss of someone or something. It is most often an unhappy and painful emotion.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Grief may be triggered by the death of a loved one. People also can experience grief if they have an illness for which there is no cure, or a chronic condition that affects their quality of life. The end of a significant relationship may also cause grieving.</p><p>Everyone feels grief in their own way. But there are common stages to the process of mourning. It starts with recognizing a loss and continues until a person eventually accepts that loss. </p><p>People's responses to grief will be different, depending on the circumstances of the event. For example, if the person who died had a <a test="test" href="./002312.htm">chronic</a> illness, the death may have been expected. The end of the person's suffering might even have come as a relief. If the death was accidental or violent, coming to a stage of acceptance might take longer.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>One way to describe grief is in five stages. These reactions might not occur in a specific order, and can occur together. Not everyone experiences all of these emotions:</p><ul><li>Denial, disbelief, numbness</li><li>Anger, blaming others</li><li>Bargaining (for instance, "If I am cured of this cancer, I will never smoke again.")</li><li>Depressed mood, sadness, and crying</li><li>Acceptance, coming to terms</li></ul><p>People who are grieving may have crying spells, trouble sleeping, and lack of productivity at work.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms, including your sleep and appetite. Symptoms that last for a while may lead to clinical <a test="test" href="./003213.htm">depression</a>.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Family and friends can offer emotional support during the grieving process. Sometimes, outside factors can affect the normal grieving process, and people might need help from:</p><ul><li>Clergy</li><li>Mental health specialists</li><li>Social workers</li><li>Support groups</li></ul><p>The acute phase of grief may last up to 2 months. Milder symptoms may last for a year or longer. Psychological counseling may help a person who is unable to face the loss (absent grief reaction), or who has depression with grieving. Some people with depression will benefit from taking an antidepressant medicine.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Support Groups</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems, helps relieve the <a test="test" href="./003211.htm">stress</a> from grieving especially if you have <a test="test" href="./002193.htm">lost a child</a> or <a test="test" href="./002157.htm">spouse</a>.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>It may take a year or longer to overcome strong feelings of grief and to accept the loss.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Complications that may result from ongoing grief include:</p><ul><li>Illegal drug or excessive alcohol use</li><li>Depression</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Contact your provider if:</p><ul><li>You can't deal with grief</li><li>You are using excessive amounts of illegal drugs or alcohol</li><li>You become very depressed</li><li>You have long-term depression that interferes with your daily life</li><li>You have suicidal thoughts</li></ul><p>If you or someone you know is thinking about suicide, call or text 988 or chat <a class="extln" target="_blank" href="https://988lifeline.org">988lifeline.org</a>. You can also call 1-800-273-8255 (1-800-273-TALK). The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline provides free and confidential support 24/7, anytime day or night.</p><p>You can also call 911 or the local emergency number or go to the hospital emergency room. DO NOT delay.</p><p>If someone you know has attempted suicide, call 911 or the local emergency number right away. DO NOT leave the person alone, even after you have called for help.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-9" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-9"><p>Grief should not be prevented because it is a healthy response to loss. Instead, it should be respected. Those who are grieving should have support to help them through the process.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Mourning; Grieving; Bereavement</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>American Psychiatric Association. Trauma- and stressor-related disorders. <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</em>. 5th ed. Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2022.</p><p>Stern TA, Powell AD. Grief, bereavement, and adjustment disorders. In: Stern TA, Wilens TE, Fava M, eds. <em>Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry</em>. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 36.</p><p>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Tips for survivors: coping with grief after a disaster or traumatic event. HHS Publication No. SMA-17-5035 (2017). <a href="https://store.samhsa.gov/product/tips-survivors-coping-grief-after-disaster-or-traumatic-event/sma17-5035" target="_blank">store.samhsa.gov/product/tips-survivors-coping-grief-after-disaster-or-traumatic-event/sma17-5035</a>. Updated December 2017. Accessed May 30, 2024.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 5/4/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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