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</div><div><span>Gastritis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Gastritis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Gastritis occurs when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen.</p><p>Gastritis may last for only a short time (acute gastritis) or it may linger for months to years (chronic gastritis).</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The most common causes of gastritis are:</p><ul><li>Certain medicines, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen and other similar drugs</li><li>Heavy alcohol drinking</li><li>Infection of the stomach with a bacteria called <em>Helicobacter pylori</em></li></ul><p>Less common causes are:</p><ul><li>Autoimmune disorders (such as pernicious anemia)</li><li>Backflow of bile into the stomach (bile reflux)</li><li>Cocaine use</li><li>Eating or drinking caustic or corrosive substances (such as poisons)</li><li>Extreme stress</li><li>Viral infection, such as cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus (more often occurs in people with a weak immune system)
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</li></ul><p>Trauma or a severe, sudden illness such as major surgery, kidney failure, or being placed on a breathing machine may cause gastritis.
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</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Many people with gastritis do not have any symptoms.</p><p>Symptoms you may notice are:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003121.htm">Loss of appetite</a></li><li>Nausea and vomiting</li><li>Pain in the upper part of the belly or abdomen </li></ul><p>If gastritis is causing bleeding from the lining of the stomach, symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>Black stools</li><li><a test="test" href="./003118.htm">Vomiting blood</a> or coffee-ground-like material </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Tests that may be needed are:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003642.htm">Complete blood count</a> (CBC) to check for <a test="test" href="./000560.htm">anemia</a> or low blood count</li><li>Examination of the stomach with an endoscope (esophagogastroduodenoscopy or <a test="test" href="./003888.htm">EGD</a>) with biopsy of stomach lining</li><li><em>H pylori</em> tests (breath test or stool test)</li><li>Stool test to check for small amounts of blood in the stools, which may be a sign of bleeding in the stomach</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment depends on what is causing the problem. Some of the causes will go away over time. </p><p>You may need to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or other medicines that may be causing gastritis. Always talk to your health care provider before stopping any medicine. </p><p>You may use other over-the-counter and prescription drugs that decrease the amount of acid in the stomach, such as:</p><ul><li>Antacids</li><li>H2 antagonists: famotidine (Pepcid), cimetidine (Tagamet), and nizatidine (Axid)</li><li>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): omeprazole (Prilosec), esomeprazole (Nexium), Iansoprazole (Prevacid), rabeprazole (AcipHex), and pantoprazole (Protonix) </li></ul><p>Antibiotics may be used to treat gastritis caused by infection with <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> bacteria.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outlook depends on the cause, but is often very good.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Blood loss and increased risk for gastric cancer can occur.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you develop:</p><ul><li>Pain in the upper part of the belly or abdomen that does not go away</li><li>Black or tarry stools</li><li>Vomiting blood or coffee-ground-like material</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Avoid long-term use of substances that can irritate your stomach such as aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs, or alcohol.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Patient Instructions</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-carepnt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8731t.jpg" alt="Stomach and stomach lining" title="Stomach and stomach lining" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8731.htm">Stomach and stomach lining</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Feldman M, Jensen PJ, Howden CW. Gastritis and gastropathy. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. <em>Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease.</em> 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 52.</p><p>Kuipers EJ. Acid peptic disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine. </em>26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 130.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 1/30/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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