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</div><div><span>Functional neurological disorder</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Functional neurological disorder</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a condition in which there is a problem with how the brain receives and sends information to one or more parts of the body. FND is not caused by a disease or injury. For reasons not understood, the nervous (neurological) system does not work properly.</p><p>FND symptoms may include weakness and paralysis of the limbs, seizures, tremors and jerks, and other nervous system symptoms.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>FND has no known cause. However, stress or a mental or physical trauma can trigger FND. It can also occur with no known trigger.</p><p>Certain factors may make a person more susceptible to FND:</p><ul><li>Having another neurological condition</li><li>Having a mental health condition</li><li>Chronic pain or fatigue</li><li>Ongoing life stress</li><li>Childhood abuse, neglect, or trauma</li></ul><p>FND is uncommon in children under age 10. Before age 50, it is more likely to occur in women. After age 50 it affects both men and women equally.</p><p>While the cause of FND is unclear, this condition and its symptoms are real. It causes serious distress and cannot be turned on and off at will.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>FND can cause a variety of symptoms that affect body movement, senses, and thinking:</p><ul><li>Vision problems (double vision or blindness)</li><li>Speech problems (slurred speech or loss of speech)</li><li>Numbness or loss of sensation</li><li>Hearing problems</li><li>Memory problems</li><li>Trouble concentrating</li><li>Pain</li><li>Fatigue</li><li>Weakness or paralysis</li><li>Tremors, spasms, jerkiness, tics</li><li>Involuntary repetitive movements</li><li>Difficulty walking</li><li>Loss of balance</li><li>Difficulty swallowing</li><li>Seizures or episodes of shaking and loss of consciousness (not caused by epilepsy)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>There is no one single test for FND. Your provider will do physical, neurological, and psychiatric exams and may order diagnostic tests. These are to check for medical causes of the symptom.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment for FND will depend on what symptoms you experience. You may work with different providers, including:
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</p><ul><li>Neurologists</li><li>Mental health professionals</li><li>Primary care clinicians</li><li>Speech, physical, or occupational therapists</li></ul><p>Treatments may include:</p><ul><li>Talk therapy</li><li>Cognitive behavior therapy to help alter thought patterns, emotions, behaviors and mood</li><li>Relaxation and mindfulness exercises to manage stress</li><li>Physical, speech, and occupational therapy</li><li>Other treatments as necessary</li></ul><p>It can also help to learn about FND and understand that your symptoms are real, even without a medical cause. Knowing that there is no serious medical cause may help you feel less anxious and more able to cope.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Support Groups</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>More information and support for people with FND and their families can be found at:</p><ul><li>FindHope.org - <a class="extln" target="_blank" href="https://fndhope.org/what-we-do/support-blogs-groups/">fndhope.org/what-we-do/support-blogs-groups/</a></li><li>National Organization for Rare Disorders - <a class="extln" target="_blank" href="https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/fnd/#program-resources">rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/fnd/#program-resources</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Symptoms usually last for days to weeks and may suddenly go away while others may last for years. The symptom itself is usually not life threatening, but complications can be debilitating.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>See your provider or mental health professional if you or someone you know has symptoms of functional neurological disorder.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Conversion disorder; Functional neurological symptom disorder</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>American Psychiatric Association. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders. <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR).</em> Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2022.</p><p>Gerstenblith TA, Kontos N. Somatic symptom disorders. In: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, eds. <em>Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry</em>. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 24.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 11/6/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Fred K. Berger, MD, addiction and forensic psychiatrist, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. Editorial update 11/09/2023.</p>
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